US2590835A - Alloy steels - Google Patents
Alloy steels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2590835A US2590835A US126698A US12669849A US2590835A US 2590835 A US2590835 A US 2590835A US 126698 A US126698 A US 126698A US 12669849 A US12669849 A US 12669849A US 2590835 A US2590835 A US 2590835A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- proportion
- carbon
- steels
- columbium
- vanadium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 14
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001279686 Allium moly Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LJAOOBNHPFKCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] LJAOOBNHPFKCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
Definitions
- the invention provides a ferritic alloy steel comprising as essential constituents carbon 0.05 to 0.5%, chromium 4 to 20%, molybdenum up to 3% interchangeable with tungsten up to 3%, columbium up to 2.5%, boron up to 0.5% and vanadium up to 2%.
- the invention includes the following range of composition Carbon .05-0.5% Silicon Up to 3% Manganese Up to 4% Nickel Up to 5% Chromium 1.0-20.0% Molybdenum Up to 3% (interchangeable with tungsten) Vanadium Up to 2% Tungsten Up to 3 (interchangeable with molybdenum) Columbium Up to 2.5% Nitrogen Up to 0.25% Boron Up to 0.5% Cobalt Up to Iron Remainder
- the preferred proportions of the various constituents are as follows:
- the product according to the invention is a iorgeable ferritie steel possessing exceptionally high creep resistance at temperatures at least up to 700 C.
- the special feature of the present steel is that it is a ferritic type that is to say it is magnetic, can be hardened and tempered and has thermal expansion properties similar to those of carbon and low alloy steels.
- Ferritic types of steels as a class are generally regarded as being inferior in creep resistance to austenitic steels, but the steel of this invention is superior 2 Claims. (Cl. 75-126) 2 to several known austenitlc alloys at temperatures of 600-650 C.
- Ferritic steels have the advantage for high temperature applications because of the lower thermal expansion characteristics (cf. austenitic steels).
- the high tensile and proof properties of the present steel are also desirable features for many high temperature applications, particularly in jet engines and gas turbines.
- the steel of the invention possesses excellent scale resistance up to at least 750 C.
- Suitably selected alloys within the invention also have high resistance to softening at elevated temperatures as judged by room temperature hardness.
- the special properties of the alloy according to the present invention are believed to be due to the combined effect of carbon, molybdenum, columbium, boron and vanadium.
- the columbium and carbon contents are of particular importance, but the combination of all five elements within the range of proportions set out herein is necessary in order to produce an alloy steel having the particular advantageous characteristics described herein.
- the following references are of record in the substantmny file of this patent:
- a forgeable ferritic alloy steel as claimed in claim 1 comprising carbon 10-25%, silicon UNITED STATES PATENTS 0.51.5%, manganese 0.51.5%, nickel 0.51.5%, Number Name Date chromium 10.0 4.0%, moly d n m 05-15%, 2,432,616 Franks et al Dec. 16, 1947 vanadium 0.1-0.3 tungsten Lil-3.0%, colum- 2,432,617 Franks et a1 Dec. 16, 1947 bium 0.5-1.25%, nitrogen 0.10-0.15%, boron 0.025-0.10%, cobalt in an efiective proportion up 10 OTHER REFERENCES to 5%, and the remainder substantially all iron.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Description
Patented Apr. 1, 1952 ALLOY STEELS Henry William Kirkby and Charles Sykes, Sheffield, England, assignors, by mesne assignments, to Firth-Vickers Stainless Steels Limited, Sheffield, England, a British company No Drawing. Application November 10, 1949, Se-
rial No. 126,698. In Great Britain December This invention comprises improvements relating to alloy steels.
The invention provides a ferritic alloy steel comprising as essential constituents carbon 0.05 to 0.5%, chromium 4 to 20%, molybdenum up to 3% interchangeable with tungsten up to 3%, columbium up to 2.5%, boron up to 0.5% and vanadium up to 2%.
The invention includes the following range of composition Carbon .05-0.5% Silicon Up to 3% Manganese Up to 4% Nickel Up to 5% Chromium 1.0-20.0% Molybdenum Up to 3% (interchangeable with tungsten) Vanadium Up to 2% Tungsten Up to 3 (interchangeable with molybdenum) Columbium Up to 2.5% Nitrogen Up to 0.25% Boron Up to 0.5% Cobalt Up to Iron Remainder The preferred proportions of the various constituents are as follows:
Carbon .10 to .25% Silicon 0.5 to 1.5% Manganese 0.5 to 1.5% Nickel 0.5 to 1.5% Chromium 10.0 to 14.0% Molybdenum 0.5 to 1.5% Vanadium 0.1 to 0.3% Tungsten 1.0 to 3.0% Columbium 0.5 to 1.25% Nitrogen 0.10 to 0.15% Boron 0.025 to 0.10% Cobalt Nil to 5% Iron Remainder The product according to the invention is a iorgeable ferritie steel possessing exceptionally high creep resistance at temperatures at least up to 700 C. The special feature of the present steel is that it is a ferritic type that is to say it is magnetic, can be hardened and tempered and has thermal expansion properties similar to those of carbon and low alloy steels. Ferritic types of steels, as a class are generally regarded as being inferior in creep resistance to austenitic steels, but the steel of this invention is superior 2 Claims. (Cl. 75-126) 2 to several known austenitlc alloys at temperatures of 600-650 C.
Ferritic steels have the advantage for high temperature applications because of the lower thermal expansion characteristics (cf. austenitic steels).
The high tensile and proof properties of the present steel are also desirable features for many high temperature applications, particularly in jet engines and gas turbines.
The steel of the invention possesses excellent scale resistance up to at least 750 C.
After suitable heat treatment of steels according to the present invention the following typical high temperature properties have been obtained:
Rupture Test Tem- Stress perature g ff C. 15 tons/sq. in 650 463 Percent Stress fi g Deformation in 300 hrs.
C. 18 tons/sq. in 600 .4 10 tons/sq. in 650 24 Suitably selected alloys within the invention also have high resistance to softening at elevated temperatures as judged by room temperature hardness.
The special properties of the alloy according to the present invention are believed to be due to the combined effect of carbon, molybdenum, columbium, boron and vanadium. The columbium and carbon contents are of particular importance, but the combination of all five elements within the range of proportions set out herein is necessary in order to produce an alloy steel having the particular advantageous characteristics described herein.
We claim:
1. A forgeable ferritic alloy steel possessing high creep resistance at temperatures at least up to 700 C., and having a composition characterised by the absence of nickel above a proportion of 1.5% and by the presence as essential constituents of 0.05-0.5% carbon, 4-20% chromium, 0.5-3% molybdenum interchangeable at least in part with tungsten, an effective proportion up to 2.5% columbium, an effective proportion up to 3 4 0.25% nitrogen, an effective proportion up to REFERENCES CITED 0.5% boron, (ll-2% vanadium, and the balance The following references are of record in the substantmny file of this patent:
2. A forgeable ferritic alloy steel as claimed in claim 1 comprising carbon 10-25%, silicon UNITED STATES PATENTS 0.51.5%, manganese 0.51.5%, nickel 0.51.5%, Number Name Date chromium 10.0 4.0%, moly d n m 05-15%, 2,432,616 Franks et al Dec. 16, 1947 vanadium 0.1-0.3 tungsten Lil-3.0%, colum- 2,432,617 Franks et a1 Dec. 16, 1947 bium 0.5-1.25%, nitrogen 0.10-0.15%, boron 0.025-0.10%, cobalt in an efiective proportion up 10 OTHER REFERENCES to 5%, and the remainder substantially all iron. Alloys of Iron and r um, V L 2, Hi h Chromium, page 94. Edited by Kinzel and HENRY WILLIAM KIRKBY. Franks. Published in 1940 by the McGraw-Hill CHARLES SYKES. BOOk C0., New York.
Claims (1)
1. A FORGEABLE FERRITC ALLOY STEEL POSSESSING HIGH CREEP RESISTANCE AT TEMPERATURE AT LEAST UP TO 700* C., AND HAVING A COMPOSITION CHARATER ISED BY THE ABSENCE OF NICKEL ABOVE A PROPORTION OF 1.5% AND BY THE PRESENCE AS ESSENTIAL CONSTITUENTS OF 0.05-0.5% CARBON, 4-20% CHROMIUM, 0.5-3% MOLYBDENUM INTERCHANGABLE AT LEAST IN PART WITH TUNGSTEN, AN EFFECTIVE PROPORTION UP TO 2.5% COLUMBIUM, AN EFFECTIVE PROPORTION UP TO 0.25% NITROGEN, AN EFFECTIVE PROPORTION UP TO 0.5% BORON, 0.1-2% VANADIUM, AND THE BALANCE SUBSTANTIALLY IRON.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2590835X | 1948-12-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2590835A true US2590835A (en) | 1952-04-01 |
Family
ID=10910963
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US126698A Expired - Lifetime US2590835A (en) | 1948-12-16 | 1949-11-10 | Alloy steels |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2590835A (en) |
Cited By (33)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2648602A (en) * | 1952-01-17 | 1953-08-11 | Crucible Steel Company | High strength steel for hightemperature service |
| US2793113A (en) * | 1952-08-22 | 1957-05-21 | Hadfields Ltd | Creep resistant steel |
| US2801916A (en) * | 1954-08-24 | 1957-08-06 | Jessop William & Sons Ltd | Ferrous alloys for high temperature use |
| US2823993A (en) * | 1955-07-16 | 1958-02-18 | Teves Kg Alfred | Steel alloy usable for valve seats and the like |
| US2853410A (en) * | 1956-05-10 | 1958-09-23 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Martensitic steel for high temperature application |
| US2880085A (en) * | 1956-03-29 | 1959-03-31 | Firth Vickers Stainless Steels Ltd | Ferritic alloy steels for use at elevated temperatures |
| US2981621A (en) * | 1957-07-29 | 1961-04-25 | Sierra Metals Corp | High temperature nickel-iron base alloy |
| US2990275A (en) * | 1958-09-19 | 1961-06-27 | Union Carbide Corp | Hardenable stainless steel alloys |
| US3044872A (en) * | 1959-11-02 | 1962-07-17 | North American Aviation Inc | Steel alloy composition |
| US3069257A (en) * | 1960-06-02 | 1962-12-18 | Armco Steel Corp | Alloy steel and method |
| US3151978A (en) * | 1960-12-30 | 1964-10-06 | Armco Steel Corp | Heat hardenable chromium-nickel-aluminum steel |
| US3183080A (en) * | 1961-11-21 | 1965-05-11 | Universal Cyclops Steel Corp | Stainless steels and products thereof |
| US3201231A (en) * | 1961-11-21 | 1965-08-17 | Universal Cyclops Steel Corp | Stainless steels |
| US3499802A (en) * | 1966-05-04 | 1970-03-10 | Sandvikens Jernverks Ab | Ferritic,martensitic and ferriteaustenitic chromium steels with reduced tendency to 475 c.-embrittlement |
| US3523788A (en) * | 1967-06-02 | 1970-08-11 | United States Steel Corp | Austenitic stainless steel of improved stress corrosion resistance |
| US3617258A (en) * | 1966-10-21 | 1971-11-02 | Toyo Kogyo Co | Heat resistant alloy steel |
| US3645724A (en) * | 1969-02-10 | 1972-02-29 | Robert L Goldberg | Stainless steel |
| US3650731A (en) * | 1969-01-31 | 1972-03-21 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Ferritic stainless steel |
| US3658514A (en) * | 1968-10-08 | 1972-04-25 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Martensitic steel |
| US3719476A (en) * | 1969-08-29 | 1973-03-06 | Armco Steel Corp | Precipitation-hardenable stainless steel |
| US3819364A (en) * | 1972-09-29 | 1974-06-25 | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Gmbh | Welding hard metal composition |
| US3855015A (en) * | 1969-11-04 | 1974-12-17 | Hitachi Ltd | Work roll for hot rolling |
| US3859080A (en) * | 1971-01-04 | 1975-01-07 | Us Interior | Corrosion resistant alloys |
| US3900316A (en) * | 1972-08-01 | 1975-08-19 | Int Nickel Co | Castable nickel-chromium stainless steel |
| US3918928A (en) * | 1970-09-14 | 1975-11-11 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Shank or back material for high speed steel tools |
| US3990892A (en) * | 1972-03-28 | 1976-11-09 | Kabushiki Kaisha Fujikoshi | Wear resistant and heat resistant alloy steels |
| US4465525A (en) * | 1980-03-01 | 1984-08-14 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Ferritic stainless steel having excellent formability |
| US5002729A (en) * | 1989-08-04 | 1991-03-26 | Carpenter Technology Corporation | Case hardenable corrosion resistant steel alloy and article made therefrom |
| US5424028A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-06-13 | Latrobe Steel Company | Case carburized stainless steel alloy for high temperature applications |
| US5674449A (en) * | 1995-05-25 | 1997-10-07 | Winsert, Inc. | Iron base alloys for internal combustion engine valve seat inserts, and the like |
| US20040109784A1 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2004-06-10 | Alireza Arbab | Steel and steel tube for high- temperature use |
| US20060283526A1 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-12-21 | Xuecheng Liang | Wear resistant alloy for valve seat insert used in internal combustion engines |
| US20100054649A1 (en) * | 2008-09-01 | 2010-03-04 | Hiroshi Yamada | Martensitic stainless steel and antifriction bearing using the same |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2432616A (en) * | 1945-06-13 | 1947-12-16 | Electro Metallurg Co | Ferrous alloys for use at high temperatures |
| US2432617A (en) * | 1945-06-13 | 1947-12-16 | Electro Metallurg Co | Ferrous alloys for high temperature use |
-
1949
- 1949-11-10 US US126698A patent/US2590835A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2432616A (en) * | 1945-06-13 | 1947-12-16 | Electro Metallurg Co | Ferrous alloys for use at high temperatures |
| US2432617A (en) * | 1945-06-13 | 1947-12-16 | Electro Metallurg Co | Ferrous alloys for high temperature use |
Cited By (37)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2648602A (en) * | 1952-01-17 | 1953-08-11 | Crucible Steel Company | High strength steel for hightemperature service |
| US2793113A (en) * | 1952-08-22 | 1957-05-21 | Hadfields Ltd | Creep resistant steel |
| US2801916A (en) * | 1954-08-24 | 1957-08-06 | Jessop William & Sons Ltd | Ferrous alloys for high temperature use |
| US2823993A (en) * | 1955-07-16 | 1958-02-18 | Teves Kg Alfred | Steel alloy usable for valve seats and the like |
| US2880085A (en) * | 1956-03-29 | 1959-03-31 | Firth Vickers Stainless Steels Ltd | Ferritic alloy steels for use at elevated temperatures |
| US2853410A (en) * | 1956-05-10 | 1958-09-23 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Martensitic steel for high temperature application |
| US2981621A (en) * | 1957-07-29 | 1961-04-25 | Sierra Metals Corp | High temperature nickel-iron base alloy |
| US2990275A (en) * | 1958-09-19 | 1961-06-27 | Union Carbide Corp | Hardenable stainless steel alloys |
| US3044872A (en) * | 1959-11-02 | 1962-07-17 | North American Aviation Inc | Steel alloy composition |
| US3069257A (en) * | 1960-06-02 | 1962-12-18 | Armco Steel Corp | Alloy steel and method |
| US3151978A (en) * | 1960-12-30 | 1964-10-06 | Armco Steel Corp | Heat hardenable chromium-nickel-aluminum steel |
| US3183080A (en) * | 1961-11-21 | 1965-05-11 | Universal Cyclops Steel Corp | Stainless steels and products thereof |
| US3201231A (en) * | 1961-11-21 | 1965-08-17 | Universal Cyclops Steel Corp | Stainless steels |
| US3499802A (en) * | 1966-05-04 | 1970-03-10 | Sandvikens Jernverks Ab | Ferritic,martensitic and ferriteaustenitic chromium steels with reduced tendency to 475 c.-embrittlement |
| US3617258A (en) * | 1966-10-21 | 1971-11-02 | Toyo Kogyo Co | Heat resistant alloy steel |
| US3523788A (en) * | 1967-06-02 | 1970-08-11 | United States Steel Corp | Austenitic stainless steel of improved stress corrosion resistance |
| US3658514A (en) * | 1968-10-08 | 1972-04-25 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Martensitic steel |
| US3650731A (en) * | 1969-01-31 | 1972-03-21 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Ferritic stainless steel |
| US3645724A (en) * | 1969-02-10 | 1972-02-29 | Robert L Goldberg | Stainless steel |
| US3719476A (en) * | 1969-08-29 | 1973-03-06 | Armco Steel Corp | Precipitation-hardenable stainless steel |
| US3855015A (en) * | 1969-11-04 | 1974-12-17 | Hitachi Ltd | Work roll for hot rolling |
| US3918928A (en) * | 1970-09-14 | 1975-11-11 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Shank or back material for high speed steel tools |
| US3859080A (en) * | 1971-01-04 | 1975-01-07 | Us Interior | Corrosion resistant alloys |
| US3990892A (en) * | 1972-03-28 | 1976-11-09 | Kabushiki Kaisha Fujikoshi | Wear resistant and heat resistant alloy steels |
| US3900316A (en) * | 1972-08-01 | 1975-08-19 | Int Nickel Co | Castable nickel-chromium stainless steel |
| US3819364A (en) * | 1972-09-29 | 1974-06-25 | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Gmbh | Welding hard metal composition |
| US4465525A (en) * | 1980-03-01 | 1984-08-14 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Ferritic stainless steel having excellent formability |
| US5002729A (en) * | 1989-08-04 | 1991-03-26 | Carpenter Technology Corporation | Case hardenable corrosion resistant steel alloy and article made therefrom |
| US5424028A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-06-13 | Latrobe Steel Company | Case carburized stainless steel alloy for high temperature applications |
| US5674449A (en) * | 1995-05-25 | 1997-10-07 | Winsert, Inc. | Iron base alloys for internal combustion engine valve seat inserts, and the like |
| US20040109784A1 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2004-06-10 | Alireza Arbab | Steel and steel tube for high- temperature use |
| AU2002302671B2 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2008-01-03 | V & M France | Steel and steel tube for high-temperature use |
| AU2002302671B8 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2008-02-21 | V & M France | Steel and steel tube for high-temperature use |
| US20060283526A1 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-12-21 | Xuecheng Liang | Wear resistant alloy for valve seat insert used in internal combustion engines |
| US7611590B2 (en) | 2004-07-08 | 2009-11-03 | Alloy Technology Solutions, Inc. | Wear resistant alloy for valve seat insert used in internal combustion engines |
| US20100054649A1 (en) * | 2008-09-01 | 2010-03-04 | Hiroshi Yamada | Martensitic stainless steel and antifriction bearing using the same |
| US8591673B2 (en) * | 2008-09-01 | 2013-11-26 | Minebea Co., Ltd. | Martensitic stainless steel and antifriction bearing using the same |
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