US2412535A - Antiperspirant preparation - Google Patents

Description

Patented Dec. 10, 1946 1 2,412,535 an'rrrnasrmam mamas-non Earl Leroy Richardson, Bound Brook, and

Kenneth Lyman Russell, Nutley, N. J assignors to Colgate-Palmolive-Peet Company, Jersey City, N. J a corporation of Delaware No Drawing.

1 f The present invention relates to improved preparations for retarding or inhibiting perspiration.

Certain chemical compounds have the property of retarding, eliminating or inhibiting the flow of perspiration, and many of them are now widely employed in preparations for that purpose. Of these compounds, the most commonly used are aluminum salts, such as aluminum chloride, aluminum sulphate, and the like, but other compounds, such as zinc, iron, tin and bismuth salts, have also been proposed for the same purpose. Such compounds are termed anti-perspirant compounds or agents. 7 An undesirable consequence of the use of antiperspirant compounds to stop the flow of per spiration has been found to be the corrosive effect of the composition on clothing. When a preparation containing these agents is applied to that area of the skin where retarding of the-per- Application November 29, 1944, Serial No. 565,810

6 Claims. (Cl. 167-90) 2 antl-perspirant agent on fabrics, but also is itself an anti-perspirant agent.

It is an object of this invention, therefore, to provide preparations which inhibit or retard perspiration and which do not have a corrosive effect on fabrics.

It is another object of this invention to provide v preparations which possess the full perspirationspiration is desired, a portion of the preparation may come into contact with and adhere to the clothing of the user. If the garment is ironed,

, fabrics.

pressed or otherwise heat-treated before the antiperspirant agent is removed by laundering or cleaning, the corrosive effect of the composition is immediately manifested by a reduction in the strength of that portion of the garment with which it has come into contact, sometimes even resulting in holes, that is, a complet 100% deterioration of the garment in specific areas. Long continued contact of the anti-perspirant agent with a garment, even at ordinary temperatures,

retarding effect of the agents incorporated therein for that purpose, and which do not exhibit undesirable corrosive effect on fabrics.

Other objects will be apparent from the disclosures herein.

The objects of this invention are achieved by providing preparations suitable for use as perspiration-inhibiting or retarding compositions, containing aluminum salts now recognized as possessing that property, and also containing certain salts of acids of phosphorus which have the effect of reducing or eliminating the corrosive effect of the perspiration-retarding agents upon These preparations may contain, as agents for inhibiting, retarding or eliminating perspiration in localized areas of the skin to which they are applied, water-soluble astringent salts of aluminum. The aluminum salts found most suitable for this purpose are aluminum sulphate and aluminum chloride, but other aluminum salts recognized by the art will serve the 80 same purpose.

may cause deterioration or reduction in strength of the garment. The corrosive action of perspiration-retarding compounds is particularly noticeable on fabrics containing cellulosic materials, such as cotton, rayon, and other synthetic fibers;

however, it is not limited thereto, and may be Ob served on other types of fabrics.

Many methods have been proposed to reduce this undesirable effect of the perspiration-retarding agents on fabrics, including the incorporation in the preparation containing the antiperspirant agent of such addition agents as urea and other amides, and oxides, hydroxides and carbonates of aluminum, magnesium and zinc, and other compounds. Some of these addition agents do reduce or neutralize the corrosive effect of the anti-perspirant compound, but some of them also reduce the amount of anti-perspirant agent which has been incorporated in the preparation for thepurpose of retarding perspiration. No compound has yet been proposed which not only reduces the corrosive effect of the The salts which have the effect of inhibiting or preventing the corrosive action or the anti-perspirant agents on fabrics are neutralized salts of acids of phosphorus, which are stable in solution, as illustrated by tertiary orthophosphates. Metaphosphates are notsuitable since'they are not stable in solution but gradually hydrolyze to form primary orthophosphates; and the primary and secondary orthophosphates, the so-called acid salts, are not suitable to achieve the purposes desired. Y

The inhibiting salt may be selected to serve also as additional anti-perspirant agent in preparations in which it is used. In such preparations, the cation of the inhibiting salt should be aluminum ion or the cation of some other perspirationinhibiting agent. A highly desirable preparation may contain aluminum sulphate or chloride and aluminum orthophosphate or aluminum pyrophosphate. In the making of these preparations or compositions, the aluminum phosphates are added as such.

If an increase in anti-perspirant agent is not desired, the inhibiting compounds may be produced in situ. If it is desired to produce these compounds in situ, that is, admixed with the antiperspirant agent, a suitable soluble'salt of an acid of phosphorus is added'to a solution containing the anti-perspirant agent. For'example, tetrasodium pyrophosphate or trisodium orthophosphate may be added to a solution of aluminum sulphate, which results in the formation of aluminum pyroor orthophosphate. Likewise, the corrosive effect of the anti-rperspirant composition may be inhibited .by using tricalcium or trimagnesium orthophosphate.

These novel compositions may be made as emulsions, solutions, creams, salves, and the like. and may contain any other ingredients which do not effect a chemical change in the perspirationinhibiting agent or in the fabric-protecting compounds and which are not irritating or otherwise unsuited for such preparations. That is, the novel preparations may contain common cosmetic ingredients, coloring bodies, perfumes, and the like. i

The usual methods of compounding these preparations, such as are suitable for the preparation of emulsions, solutions, extracts, selves, and the like, may be employed.

The proportion of the anti-perspirant agent to the total composition may be widely varied and is influenced by the type of preparation, the frequency of use, and other like factors, but is generally a matter of choice. As has been disclosed in the prior art, any proportion within the range of to 30% of hydrated aluminum sulphate makes a satisfactory preparation. In general,

the same proportions of aluminum chloride have been found suitable.

The proportion of phosphate salt to the antiperspirant agent is dictated by the requirements or uses of the preparation. In those cases where garments which have come into contact with the preparation are heat-pressed, or otherwise subjected to high temperatures, without first being laundered, a greater proportion of the corrosioninhibiting compound is required than otherwise,

-a proportion of two to three mols of aluminum orthophosphate to one moi of aluminum sulphate being necessary for complete or substantially complete protectionfrom corrosion. It will be understood that even in those instances the temperature of the iron or pressing device has a direct relationship to the inhibiting power of the phosphate salt. For example, when the temperature of the iron is no more than 250 to 275 F., two mols of aluminum orthophosphate to one mol of aluminum sulphate will afford substantially complete protection from corrosion. However, another factor to beconsidered is the length of time during which the area containing the antiperspirant agent is subjected to the ironing process. For the average time of ironing or pressing at 250 to 275 F., i. e., five to ten seconds, the proportion specified of two mols of aluminum orthophosphate to one mol of aluminum sulphate is satisfactory. Should the garment be such that a higher temperature and/or a longer period of pressing is required, the proportion should be higher.

and ironing garments, in which the cleaning 4 salt to one mol of the inhibiting agent, or even less.

It is appreciated that the cosmetic formulator cannot determine all the usesto which his P arations are to be directed. However, the foregoing instructions will enable the manufacturer to select the proportion most suitable to his product and, in cases of doubt, to include a safe proportion of the corrosion-inhibiting compound.

It appears that aluminum phosphate in solution is itself an anti-perspirant agent, and that. when added as such (that is, not formed by the reaction of the anti-perspirant compound with a suitable soluble phosphate), it increases the potential anti-perspirant action of the preparation.

The maximum proportion of the protective aluminum phosphate that may be used is dependent upon the type of preparation to be made; there is, in fact, no maximum within practical limits. If a clear anti-perspirant solution is desired, the maximum quantity of the corrosion-inhibiting aluminum phosphate'which may be incorporated therein, that is, in the aluminum sulphate or aluminum chloride solution, is the greatest quantity of phosphate which may be dissolved in the solution. (Aluminum orthophosphate is soluble only to a negligible degree in water, but it readily dissolves to a considerable degree in a solution of aluminum sulphate.)

In creams, emulsions and other non-transparent preparations, the quantity of aluminum phosphate may exceed that which will dissolve, particularly when the excess phosphate has no undesirable influence on the stability, appearance, or other characteristics of the preparation.

When the inhibiting compound is formed' in situ, as by the addition of sodium or potassium orthophosphate or pyrophosphate to a solution of aluminum sulphate, the effect, if any, of the by-product sodium or potassium sulphate on the preparation should be considered. If this byproduct salt is undesirabl for any reason in the preparation, the inhibiting compound should not be formed in situ.

Thus, it will be seen that the limits of the proportions of the aluminum phosphate corrosion-inhibiting compound may vary over a wide range, and may be any desirable proportion that will reduce or eliminate the corrosive action of the anti-perspirant agent as a minimum and will dissolve or not undesirably affect the preparation direction of the warp threads) 'The treated fabric was incubated at about F. and -90% relative humidity for twenty-four hours. The entire strip was then pressed for five seconds with the cream side down against the pad of a G. E. flat bed ironer. The temperature of the ironer, which had been calibrated, was 293-305 F. The ends of the strip were reversed, and the fabric was again pressed for five seconds. The test fabric was then returned to the humidity chamber and reconditioned for three hours. after the same cotton fabric (with no cream applied) was treated in the same way along with the test strip. The diil'erence between the average tensile strength of the control and test pieces was the loss (or gain) in tensile strength due to the effect oi the cream on the fabric.

Inthe case of anti-perspirant solutions, the muslin strip was folded along its width, and the folded edge was immersed in the anti-perspirant solution until there was a one-inch band of solution along the center of the fabric. The excess solution was gently squeezed out, and the fabric was allowed to hang, to dry partially, for five minutes. It was immediately pressed under the same conditions as outlined for creams.

The following examples are formulae of preparations which serve to illustrate the invention, and are not limiting in any sense thereon.

- A suitable preparation embodying the principles of this invention may contain the followin ingredients and percentages:

The cream given in Example I caused a 32% reduction of the tensile strength of cotton fabric when subjected to the test previously described.

Using no inhibitor, that is, substituting water for the aluminum phosphate, the same test gave an 84% loss in tensile strength. The oil phase (part I) can be varied to suit the consistency desired, as can the water phase (part II), but the ingredients of part II are the important agents in controlling the anti-perspirant effectiveness and the corrosiveness of the preparation. Accordingly, the use of parts of aluminum phosphate with a subsequent reduction of water gives an anti-perspirant solution which shows no. col.- rosive effect upon cotton fabrics. In fact, the test (see Example II) showed a slight increase in tensile strength of cotton fabric. This solutlon and other anti-perspirant solutions and their effect on cotton fabric are noted herewith:

Tensile strength loss of 1.3%

Example I Part I: Parts Acid stabilized glycerol monostearate- 16 Spermaceti wax 5 -Part II:

A12(SO4)3.18H2O 19 A1PO4 7 Water 53 Example V Parts Al2(SO4)a.18H-.-O 25 AIPO; 3.25 H20 45.75 Tensile strength loss of 54%.

Example VI Parts A 34% solution of A1013 22.4 H2O 52.6

Tensile strength loss of 72.6%.

Example VII Y Parts A 34% solution of A101: 22.4 AlPO4 14.0 H20 38.6

Tensile strength loss of 34%.

Example VIII 7 Parts A12(SO4)3.18H2O 25 NaaPO4J2I-IaO 10 mo 40 Tensile strength loss of 1.7%.

Example IX Parts A1:|(S( )4)3.18H20 25 Ca:(P04)z' 4 H2O 46 Tensile strength loss of 22% Example X Parts A12(SO4):I.18H2O 25, M83(PO4)2.5H2O 5.5 H20 44.5

Tensile strength gain of 5.2%.

The corrosive efiect of the preparations given in the foregoing examples was determined according to the tests. described hereinbefore. It is unlikely that any garment which might come. into contact with these preparations during use wouldbe subjected to such drastic conditions as those represented by these tests. Under less drastic conditions, particularly where fabrics are washed or otherwise cleansed after contact with the anti-perspirant preparation and prior to pressing or other heat treatment, preparations such as illustrated by Examples 1, V, VII and IX would have a much less corrosive eflect thereon.

It will be understood by chemists skilled in the art that a solution made by dissolving aluminum other salts which have been referred to hereinbefore as suitable for formation of the aluminum phosphate in situ.

Therefore, in view of the diiliculty of determining the nature of the various substances in the solution, whether added as such or presumably formed therein, the solution will be designated as a solution of the aluminum sulphate or aluminum chloride, or other astringent aluminum-salt, and the aluminum phosphate, whether added as aluminum phosphate or formed therein by the addition of the salt, such as sodium, calcium,

magnesium. etc., phosphate, referred to herein before.

We claim:

1. A perspirant inhibiting or retarding composition comprising a water-containing vehicle, an aluminum salt selected from the group consisting oi aluminum sulphate and aluminum chloride, and a corrosion inhibiting compound selected from the group consisting of aluminum orthophosphate and aluminum pyrophosphate, the mol ratio of the phosphate to the salt of the first group being at least one to one.

2. Aperspiration inhibiting or retarding composition comprising a water-containing vehicle, an aluminum salt selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulphate and aluminum chloride in amount equal to from 10% to 30% of the composition, and a corrosion inhibiting compound selected from the group consisting of aluminum orthophosphate and aluminum pyrophosphate, the mol ratio of the phosphate to the salt or the first group being at least one to one.

3. A perspiration inhibiting cosmetic cream containing water, 10% to 30% of a substance selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulphate and aluminum chloride, an oil phase,

. 01' aluminum orthophosphate and aluminum py-j and an aluminum salt from the group consisting rophosphate. the mol ratio of the aluminum phosphate to the aluminum salt or the first group being at least one to one.

4. A perspiration inhibiting preparation comprising aluminum sulphate and aluminum orthophosphate, the aluminum sulphate comprising at least 10% or the total preparation and the mol ratio of aluminum orthophosphate to aluminum sulphate being at least one to one.

5. A perspiration inhibiting preparation comprising aluminum sulphate and aluminum pyrophosphate, the aluminum sulphate comprising at least 10% or the total preparation and the mol ratio or aluminum pyrophosphate to aluminum sulphate being at least one to one.