US2355531A - Loom for weaving ladder tapes - Google Patents

Description

Aug. s, 1944.

E. R` HOLMES LOOM FOR WEAVING LADDER TAPES 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 16, 1942 INvENToR' S E, m m R D?. R. B

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' Aug. s, 1944.

E. R. HoLMEs LOOM FOR WEAVING LADDER TAPESv 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 16, 1942 y IIlIlIIlIIll INvEN TOR 5;;...WWQ-

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TORNES! Aug. s,y 1944.

E. R. HOLMES LOOM FOR WEAVING LADDER TPE'S Filed March 16, 1942 3 ShetS-Sheet 3l lNvEN TOR ELBRmeE. R HOLMES y." ci ATTORN EY Patented Aug. 8, 1944 ,t Y l 3555er UNITED sTATlazs` PATENT oFFIcE Loom Fort WEAVING LADDER 'rAPEs Elbridge R. Holmes, Worcester, Mass., assigner to Crompton & Knowles Loom Works, Worcester, Mass., .a corporation of Massachusetts Application March 16, 1942, Serial No. 434,920 17 claims. (o1. 139-22) This invention relates to improvements in looms for weaving ladder tapes such for instance as are utilized to support the cross slats of Venetian window shades and it is thel general object of the invention to provide improved means for manipulating the warp threads which pass from one web to the other to form the ladder or crossing bars.

Ladder tapes customarily employ two webs which are connected at spaced intervals either by narrow groups of warp threads or woven sections. The warp threads which form the crossing bars are woven into the two webs between crossings, forming part of the sheds of their respective webs. When the point in weaving is reached at which a crossing bar is to be formed, the crossing warps leave the sheds in which they have been previously located and pass to the opposite web. The two sets of crossing threads cross each other at a point considerably behind the fells of the two webs and cause objectionable loops at the selvage of the webs at beatup. It is an important object of my present invention to provide an advancing hook or the like for the crossing Webs to move them to their extreme forward position prior to beat-up and preferably at a time in the advance of the lay when the weft threads will still be under suicient tension to move to their respective fells without forming loops.

In previous looms for weaving ladder tapes it has been proposed to move the crossing warps forwardly by mechanism connected to the lay with the result in certain instances that the crossing threads do not move to their extreme forward position until after the harnesses have started to cross. Any loop which might have been formed at the selvage cannot therefore be straightened because the weft lthread is held by the warp threads. It is another object of my present invention to provide means to ad'- vance the crossing warps to their extreme forward position prior to closing of the warp sheds and therefore permit the weft tension to straighten the aforesaid loops.

The warp sheds are ordinarily closed at front center but the exact time of crossing depends upon the type of harness mechanism employed and also its setting. The sheds will always be partly open when the lay is at bottom center and it is a more specic object of my present invention to manipulate the crossing warp advancing means so that it will reach its eXtreme forward position approximately at the time the lay is at bottom center. This timing insures that the sheds will be open enough to permit the weft tension to straighten the loops at the selvages.

The warp sheds are sufliciently open at top center to permit` entry of the shuttles and on crossing beats of the loom the crossing warps will form a shed wide enough for entry of the advancing hook or the like before the lay reaches back center. In `order that the crossing warp advancing means may reach its extreme forwardl position prior to front center it is a further object of my invention to move the crossing warp hooks or the like 'to their extreme rearward position at some point in the loom cycle between top and back centers and thereafter move the hook forwardly before the lay starts to advance. In this manner I give the crossing Warp advancing hook its complete back and forth movements ina period considerably less than one full pick of the loom.

It is a specic object of my present invention to achieve the last named object by rack and pinion mechanism operatively connected to a transverse 'bar and eiective starting at a point substantially at front center to cause the bar to move to its rearward position in a period something less than half a pick and immediately thereafter move the bar forwardly while the lay is still receding. The driving rack is caused to reciprocate by cam mechanism similar to that already known and the crossing warp advancing hook, pivotally mounted on the bar, is caused to swing laterally away from the warp threads as the bar moves rearwardly and then return to its normal position with respect to the bar behind the crossed warps as the bar starts forwardly. A further specic object of my invention is to provide improved cam means for rocking' the crossing warp hooks on the bar during backward motion of the latter without disturbing the hooks as they move forwardly.

My invention further relates to an improved method for the manipulation of the warps in a loom weaving ladder tapes or the like. The method consists essentially in the steps of crossing the ladder forming warps, moving their point of crossing forwardly to cause the crossing warps to lie in the outside sheds of the ground fabrics while the ground sheds are open, exerting tension on the weft threads to take up slack at the selvages and thereby prevent formation of the loops while the ground sheds are open and thereafter crossing the ground sheds.

With these and other objects in View which and its operating mechanism in the normal position during non-crossing weaving operations ofA the loom,

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, but showing the crossing warp hook in thev process ofbeing moved to a position behind the: crossing warps,l

Fig. 4 is a vertical Section on lineA 4 4 of Fig'. 3 on an enlarged scale showingthecam which operates the crossing warp hook,

Fig. 5 is a vertical section on line 5-5 of Fig. 2

on an enlarged scale showing the rack and pinionY mechanism for operatingthe hook carrying-bar, vFig'. 6 is a detailed sideY elevation of a part of the rack and' pinion operating camV shown in the lower part of Fig. 1, but onan'enlarged scale,

Fig. 7 is a rear elevation of the structure shown inFig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a compositeview showing in perspective parts of the cam mechanism shown in Fig. 4, and

Figs; 9 and 10Y are diagrammatic views showing the sheds of the two webs in two different positions.

Much of-the structure utilized in' my present invention has alreadybeen set' forth in my prior' Patents Nos; 2,025,866 and 2,082,890, and also inV my co-pending application Serial No; 396,274,

now'Patent No. 2,319,863; These patents-andthev application may be referred to for certain" structures not fully described hereinafter and the following-description will be confined tothe improvements representing my present invention together with suchreference to other loom parts as is deemed necessary.

Referring to Fig. l, I have shown a loom frame I having a xed breast beamV and a lay l2 with a reed R rocking' backwardly and forwardly aboutanaxis |3. The topv shaft |4 of the loom may operate through connections designated generally at |to cause reciprocation of thelay and 1 may' be geared in'any approved manner to the: bottom shaftV I6'. The latter'shaft preferably completes one revolution every other pick of the loom and' has mounted thereon certain of thev mechanism which operates a partof my invention.`

Securedto the bottom shaft I6 is a-disk 23 on which is mounted for angular adjustment a cam 2| which is'shown in` detail in Figs. 6 and 7. Cam 2| has a web 22` bolted to the disk and having concentric inner walls 23' and outer walls 24. Opposite sides of the cam are provided with runs 25 formed by inner and outer walls 26 and 21, respectively, which communicate with the concentric run 28 extending between the walls 23 and 24. In order that'the crossing of the ladder forming warps may occur on any pick of the loom the cam is provided with two of the runs 25 on opposite sides of the shaft I6. Since the runs and associated parts are the samefI will describe the` one at the left of shaft I6 as seen in Fig. 1.

Run 25 has associated therewith upper and lower switches 23 and 30, respectively, mounted on pivot pins 3| extending through the web 22.

The switch has an inner surface 32 which assists:

in forming the circular path 28 when the switch is in its normal full line position shown, for instance, in Fig. 1.

A lever 35 is pivoted as at 3G to the loomside and has its rear end provided with a roll 31 which moves in the runs 25 and 28. When the switches are in their normal positions the bottom shaft turns without causing rocking of the lever 35, but when switch 30 moves to the dotted line position shown in Fig. 6 the roll then passes from the run 28 into the run 25 as the cam turns in the direction of arrow a. Movement of the roll 31 in the non-concentric run 25 causes lever 35 to rock first in a clockwise and then in a, counter-clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 1, causing the forward end of the` lever first to rise and then to fall to normal position.

The mechanism for determining when switch 30 shall move from its normal position is set forth in Fig. 1, wherein it will be seen that a lever is secured to a stub shaft 4| rotatable on a carrier 42 through which the shaft |6 extends. The carrier is heldl by a bolt andrslot connection 43 inY adjusted angular fixed position on a bracket 44 secured to the loom'frame. Secured to the stub shaft 4| is an arm 45 the lower end of which as seen in Fig. 7 is provided'with a shoe 46. A spring 41 normally holds the shoe 4S at one side of the path of a stud 5D secured to a lever 5| fastened to the pivot pin 3| of switch 3|). A light tension spring 52 normally holds the stud 50 in theposition shown in Fig. 7 and also holds the switch 3l) in the full line position shown in Fig; 6 to cause roll 31 to move in a circular path. A exible connector 54 is attached to the upper end of lever 40 and'when this connector 54 is raised lever 40 is rocked around its axis against the action of spring 41 to move the shoe 46 into the path of stud 50. This action occurs prior to arrival of the stud to the position shown in Fig. '1 as the cam rotates. Further rotationof the cam moves thev small lever 5| angularly in a right hand direction as viewed in Fig. 7 relatively to the cam and causes shifting of the switch 30 from the full to the dotted line position of Fig. 6. It is in this way that the roll 31 is caused to leave the circular path 38 and enter the path 25.

The upper end of connector 54 leads to a pattern mechanism designated herein generally at K. It is not deemed necessary to describe the details of this mechanism and it is thought sufficient to state that on those picks when ladder' crossings are to be produced the mechanism K operates to raise connect-or 54 in time to permit engagement of shoe 46 by stud 50. The mechanism K has leading therefrom a second connector 55 which leads to a measuring mechanism for the crossing warps designated generally at M. Leading upwardly from mechanism M is a system of links 51 connected as at 58 to a lever 59 secured to a rock shaft 6D. Arms 6| depending from and secured to shaft carry a bar 62 under which extend the crossing warps designated generally at C. When the loom is to have a ladder bar forming operation the mechanism K will control the mechanism M, Fig. 1, and the latter in turn will operate through linkage 51 to rock shaft 60 and move the bar 62 forwardly, or to the left as viewed in Fig. 1, to supply the length of yarn of the cross warp C needed to pass from one toY the other of the two webs being woven and to be described hereinafter.

As shown in Figs. 9 and l0 I set forth diagrammatically the relation between the various warp threads, the two Webs of the ladder tape,

andthe advancer for the cross warps. 'The top and bottomV fabrics F and Fl, respectively,are formedprincipally from ground warps defining two sheds, one shed for each fabric. The upper fabric Fconnects to warp threads WI and W2 which define the uppershed for top shuttle Sl, while fabric Fi is connected to warp threads W3 and W4 which form the lower shed to receive shuttle S. The warp threads connect with their respective fabrics at thefells c and the top and bottom sheds always occupy substantially the positions as shown in Figs. 9 and l0 when the shuttles are active. The cross warps Care in two groups, one shown at C! for the top webV and the other at C2 for the bottom web, and each group will be woven into the corresponding fabric on noncrossing beats of the loom. On crossing beats, however, the crossing warp Ci from the top fabric will extend downwardly and rearwardly below warps W2 into the lower shed, while the cross warps C2 will rise and extend rearwardly to a position above warp W3 and into the upper shed. The two crossing warp groups will cross each other at b at a point considerably behind the fells e. It will be seen particularly from Fig. 9 that the upper shuttle for instance passes through a shed formed by warps W2 and the cross warps C2 so that the weft which the shuttle lays will extend from the point d forwardly to the upper fell e. Similarly, the lower shuttle passes through a shed formed by warps W3 and the lowered cross warps Ci and its weft extends from point d forwardly to the lower fell. Unless provision is made for advancing the points d and d' objectionable loops will be formed on the selvages of the webs F and F.

The matter thus far described of itself forms no part of my present invention except as pointed out vhereinafter and may be made as set forth in the previously mentioned patents and co-pending application.

In carrying my invention into effect I provide means for advancing the cross warps C and C from their position shown in Fig. 9 to cause points d and d to approach or coincide with the felis c. A shaft 10 is rotatably mounted in bearings 1| on the breast beam and has secured thereto a pinion 12 which meshes with a vertical rack; 13 secured to the upper end of a rod 14 the lower end of which is attached as at 15 to the lever 35. The rack is in front of the pinion and is guided by the adiacent bearing 1| to cause rotation of shaft 1|) in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. l when roll 31 enters run 25 and cause counter-clockwise rotation of the pinion after the roll has passed the high point of run approaches a circular run 28.

A bar 80 extends parallel to and behind the shaft 10 and has secured thereto forwardly extending rack bars 8i which are slidably mounted in bearings 82 secured to the breast beam Each rack bar 8| meshes with the top of a pinion S3 secured. to the shaft 10. The rear of each rack bar 8| may he secured to the bar 80 by means of a casting 84 fixed to the bar and also to the rack. The bars 0| support the bar 80 when. the latter is moved backwardly and forwardly and are also the means by which the latter motions are communicated to the bar 80.

It is to be understood that the loom to which my invention is applied will be capable of weaving several ladder tapes as is customary in narrowware looms, but in the present instance I set forth mechanism for weaving but one ladder tape. Projecting rearwardly from the breast beam and d. Ll

secured thereto'is a guide 86 forked at its rear end '.to provide a horizontal slot 81'through which'r the webs F and FI pass. `A crossing warp finger or hook 88 has the rear bent end 89 thereof proportioned to move forwardly in the slot 81 from a position .behind point b shown in Fig. 9. The hook 88 is secured to a small lever 90 pivoted as at 5| to the cross bar. A light tension spring 92 between the barv and the lever 90 tends normally to move the latter to the left so that the hook and guide will ordinarily be in the position shown in Fig.2. Extending along the bar |35 are spaced parallel front and back rods 95 and 95, respectively, whichare pivoted as at 91- to the front and back ends 'of the lever 90. The right ends of rods 95 and 06 are pivoted as at |00 and |0|, respectively, to a lever |02 pivoted as at |03 on the bar 80. Lever |02 projects rearwardly and has mounted thereon a roll |05 which is normally in the position of Fig. 2 at the front of a cam slot |06. The latter extends rearwardly and to the right as at |01 and then rearwardly as at |08 and then rearwardly and to the left as at |09.

The slot |05 is defined by right and left walls ||0 and respectively. Wall ||0 hangs downwardly from a plate H2 secured to the breast beam by means of a bolt ||3 which passes through a saddle ||5 boltedas at H1 to the breast beam. Bolt ||3 passes through a backwardly and forwardly extending slot ||8 in the' plate ||2 which affords adjustment of slot |0t` toward and from roll |05. VA rib |20 on the lowerl forward face of plate H2, see Fig. 8, ts into' av groove |2| in the saddle and serves to position the plate H2 and hold the same in fixed position as shown in Figs. 2 and 3.

The wall is formed on a pivot tongue |25 the forward part of which has a bearing |25 to receive a pin |21 mounted in depending lugs |28 on the bottom of plate ||2. The tongue |25 ts in a slot |30 extending rearwardh7 in plate i I2 and a rear supporting lug |3i on the tongue overhangs the plate l2 at the end of the slot |30 to hold the tongue normally in the down position shown in full lines in Fig. 4. The wall i is formed as part of a head |35 on the underside of the tongue and the rear part of the head has a forwardly and downwardly inclined surfacev |35. A shock absorbing cushion |45 carried by the breast beam is positioned for engagement with the bar 80 when the latter reaches its extreme forward position.

Under normal conditions when the loom is weaving between cross or ladder bars of the cross warps the parts will be in the position shown in Fig. 2 and lever 35 will be stationary with the switch 30 imposition to cause the roll 31 to move in a circular path. When the mechanism K determines that the crossing warps C shall assume the position shown in Fig. 9 for the purpose of forming a ladder bar L, the switch 30 will be thrown to the dotted line position of Fig. 6 as already described, whereupon red 14 will rise to cause rotation of shaft 10 and rearward movement of the rack bars 8| and bar B0. The start of the rearward motion of the bar Sii will ordi-- narily occur when the lay is at front center and when theroll |05 is at the forward end-of slot |06. As the bar 80 moves rearwardly the roll |05 moves along part |01 of the slot |06, there by rocking lever |02 to the right, see Fig. Sto

cause rods 95 and 96 to move-respectively, tov

the left and right to rock lever 50 from the posi.- tion of Fig. 2 to the full line position of Fig. 3.

As the bar 80 continues tomove'rearwardly the roll |05 slides through the straight section |08 of slot |06 to hold the hook 88v in the angular position shown in full lines in Fig. 3 with the left 'end of the hook-ed end'89 to the right of the warp threads. As the bar 80 approaches the end of its rearward movement roll m5 is moved to the left by section |09 of slot |06 and lever 90 assumes the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3 to cause the end 89 to move into the warp shed defined by the crossed threads CI and C2 to a position behind point b, Fig. "9.

The run 25 of cam 2| is so proportioned that the bar 80 will reach its rearmost position and hook 88 will b-e in the dotted line position shown in Fig. 3 when the lay is approximately half way betweentop and back center positions. At this time the sheds are sufficiently open to permit entry of the hook 89'behind the cross warps.

As cam 2| continues to rotate roll 31 moves toward circular run 28 and rod 14 starts to move down,4whereupon the bar S will begin its forward movement. As soon as roll engages the inclined surface |36 the tongue |25 will be raised and swing around its pivot pin |21 to the dotted line position of Fig. 4, the spring 92 holding the lever |02 and parts connected thereto fixed with respect to bar 80 in the dotted line position shown in Fig. 3 throughout the entire forward motion of the bar 80. After the roll |05 is moved to a position in front of the head |35 the tongue falls to its normal position. The forward motion of the bar and therefore of the hook 88 is completed while the lay is still some distance from front center but on its forward beat. I preferably complete the forward motion of the hook when the lay is about at bottom center position.

Upon completion of forward motion of the bar 80 the warp threads and the crossing warp hook will be in some such position aS set forth diagrammatically in Fig. 10. In that figure it will be seen that the hook end 89 has moved to a position in front of the fells e and has caused the cross warps Cl and C2 to lie near the warp threads W4 and WI, respectively. Thus, the group of threads CI from the top web F extend downwardly and forwardly from their corresponding fell e, in front of the hooked end 89 and then downwardly and rearwardly along a path which lies close to the fell of the lower fabric FI. The filling or weft thread G can therefore be beaten forwardly to the fell without the formation of loops.

In order that the weft threads G may b-e under l tension to take-up slack in them as'points d and d' advance, I preferably time the movement of the shuttles so that the latter are still movingr when the hooked end 89 reaches its extreme forward position. Fig. 1 shows shuttle operating racks |45 for manipulating the top and bottom shuttles SI and S2. These racks are connected to the usual operating mechanism whichv keeps them in motion preferably until bar 80 returns to its extreme forward position. It is not essential that the movement of the rack bars |45 shall have any precise timing relationship with the bar 80 so long as a pull is exerted by the shuttles on the weft threads G to take up any slackness which might otherwise form loops at the selvage. Thus, the bar |45 may if desired continue its motion after the bar 80 has reached its foremost position, or if desired the rack bars |45 may cease moving shortly before bar 80 isy fully forward and reliance may be placeduponthe thread tension customarily found in narrow wareyshuttles. In any event it will be desirable to provide some means to take up slack in the weft prior to the crossing of the harnesses N. Whatever the method employed for maintaining tension on the weft thread as the hooked end 89 moves forwardly, it is important to complete the movement of theV hooked end 89 to its forward position so that point d will lie adjacent to the fells e before the Warp sheds are closed sudciently to resist movement of the weft threads.

Patents Nos. 351,259 and 613,974 may be referred to for shuttles of the type which are provided with weft slack take-ups the effect of which is to create tension in the weft after the shuttles come to rest. My prior Patent No. 1,817,146 may be referred to for a type of mechanism for moving the rack bar |45 to operate two banks of shuttles.

From the foregoing it will be seen that I have provided means for moving the point of crossing ofthe cross warps Cl and C2 forwardly so that the cross warps will lie close to the fells of the two webs while the warp sheds are open Wide enough to permit the weft tension to tighten the weft threads and thus prevent the formation of loops. It will #be seen that this result is accomplished by moving the bar rearwardly and forwardly during a lperiod of time substantially less than one pick of the loom, preferably from front center position of the lay to the following bottom center position. It will further be noted that the hook 88 is moved by a mechanism independent of the lay which permits the hook to reach its eXtreme forward position before the lay reaches front center. More specifically it will be seen that I have provided a rack and pinion system of driving gear for the bar 80 whereby movement'of lever 35 connected to the system effects first a rearward and then a forward motion of the hook 88 by means of a cam switch. It is to be understood that the run 25 of the cam 20 is made of such angular length as to cause the movements of the bar all already described. Also, the cam which controls the roll |05 has a pivoted tongue which assists in causing rocking of the` hook 88 during backward motion of the bar 80 but permits the hook to remain substantially at rest with respect to the bar 80 when the latter is advancing. While I have shown two rods and 96 I do not wish necessarily to be limited to the use of both of them. It will also be seen that I have provided an improved method for the manipulation of the ground and crossing warps wherein the crossing warps are caused to coincide with -certain sheets of the ground warp sheds before the latter are closed to permit the weft to be drawn tightly to 'prevent the formation of loops at the selvage, after which the ground sheds are changed.

The method set forth in the foregoing is not claimed herein but is the subject matter of a divisional application Serial No. 455,828, led August 24, 1942.

Having thus described my invention it will be seen that changes and modifications may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and I do not wish to be limited to the details herein disclosed, but what I claim is:

1. In a loom having a backwardly and forwardly reciprocating Vreed and operating with two sets of ground warps one set over the other set toforrn two ground sheds one over the other which connect to the fells of their respective falo--f rios, the loom having crossing warps which extend from the fell of one ground shed to the other ground shed, a shuttle for said other ground shed to pass behind the crossing warps while the reed is in the rear part of its reciprocation, an advancer for the crossing warps behind the latter, a carrier for said advancer, means to move the carrier rearwardly during rearward movement of the reed and then move the carrier forwardly While the reed continues to move rearwardly and return the carrier to normal forward position during the subsequent forward movement of the reed before the latter reaches the fells, and means to move the advancer to a position behind the crossing warps when the carrier is in rear position.

2. In a loom having a backwardly and forwardly reciprocating reed and operating with two sets of ground warps one set over the other set to form two ground sheds one over the other which connect to the fells of their respective fabrics, the loom having crossing warps which extend from the fell of one ground shed to the other ground shed, a shuttle for said other ground shed to pass behind the crossing warps when the reed is in the rear part of its reciprocation, an advancer for the crossing warpsbehind the latter, a carrier on which the advancer is mounted, said carrier and advancer normally being in the foremost position thereof, means to give the carrier a reciprocation rearwardly from said foremost position and then forwardly to said foremost position in a period of time less than that required for a complete reciprocation of the reed to locate the carrier in rear position while l the reed is moving rearwardly and then move the carrier back to the foremost position thereof before the reed completes its subsequent forward motion, and means to move the advancer behind the -crossed crossing warps while the carrier is in rear position.

3. In a loom having a backwardly and forwardly reciprocating reed and operating with two sets of ground warps one set over the other set to form two ground sheds one over the other which connect to the fells of their respective fabrics, the loom having crossing warps which extend from the fell of one ground shed to the other ground shed, a shuttle for said other ground shed to pass behind the crossing warps When the reed is in the rear part of its reciprocation, an advancer for the crossing warps, a carrier normally in forward position and on which the advancer is mounted, means including a rack and pinion mechanism connected to the carrier to move the latter rearwardly and then forwardly in a period of time less than that required for a complete reciprocation of the reed to return the carrier to normal forward position prior to arrival of the reed at said fells, and means to move said advancer behind the crossed crossing warps whenv said carrier is in rear position.

4. In a loom having a backwardly and forwardly reciprocating reed and operating with two sets ofground warps one setv over the other set to form two ground sheds one over the other which connect to the fells of their respective fabrics, the loom having crossing warps which extend from the fell of one ground shed to the other ground shed, a shuttle for said other ground shed to pass behind the crossing warips when the latter are crossed while the reed is in the rear part of its reciprocation, an advancer for the crossing wanps, a carrier normally in forward position and on which the advancer is mounted,

racks connected to the carrier,- a pinion meshing with each rack, means to turn the pinions first in one direction and then in the opposite direction to cause the rack mechanism to move the carrier rearwardly and then forwardly during a period starting substantially at the beginning of a rearward motion of the reed and ending during the subsequent forward motion of the reed before `the latter reaches said fells, and means to move said advancer behind the crossed crossing warps when said carrier is in rear position. f

5. In a loom having a backwardly and forwardly reciprocating reed and operating with two sets of ground warps one set over the other set to form two ground sheds one over the other which connect to the fells of their respective fabrics, the loom lhaving crossing warps which extend from the fell of one ground shed to the other ground shed, a shuttle for said other ground shed to pass behind the crossing warps when the latter are crossed while the reed is in the rear part of its reciprocation, an advancer for the crossing warps, a carrier normally in forward position and on which the advancer is mounted, racks secured to said carrier, slide bearings for said racks to cooperate with the latter to support the carrier, pinions for said racks, means to turn said pinions first in one direction and then in the other direction to cause rearward and forward motion of said carrier to return the carrier to normal forward position before the reed reaches said fells', and means to move said advancer behind the crossed crossing warps when the carrier is in rear position.

6. In a loom having a frame and operating with crossing warps to be advanced, a carrier movable backwardly and forwardly in the loom toward and from the crossing warps, a crossing warp advancer movably mounted on the carrier for lateral movement relativelyy thereto, a member connected to the advancer and mounted on the carrier for lateral movement relatively to the latter, and a two-part operating mechanism for the member, said mechanism including a part fixed to the loom frame and a second part movably mounted on the first part, said parts when in normal position cooperating with said member during rearward movement of the carrier to move said member and advancer laterally first` in one direction and then in the opposite direction, and said second part being moved out of the path of said member by the latter as the carrier moves forwardly, and means to hold the advancer in fixed position with respect to the cari rier during forward movement of the latter.

7. In a loom having a frame and operating with crossing warps to be advanced, a carrier movable backwardly and forwardly in the loom toward and from the crossing warps, a crossing warp advancer movably mounted on the carrier for lateral movement relatively thereto, a mem- Iber connected to and movable laterally with the advancer and mounted on the carrier, a support fixed to the loom frame, an actuator for the member movably mounted on the support and having a cam thereon for the member so constructed that during the first part of the rearward movement of the carrier the member and carrier move laterally away from the crossing warps and then laterally in the opposite direction during the latter part of the rearward movementof the carrier to place the advancer behind the crossing warps, said actuator being moved relatively to the support by the member out of the path of the latter when thecarrier moves.

forwardly, and means to move the member to-i ward the cam.

movable backwardly and forwardly in the loom toward and from the crossing warlps, a crossing warp advancer movably mounted on the car-- rier for lateral movement relatively thereto, av lever pivoted -on the carrier and connected to the advancer and moving with the latter, a roll mounted on said lever, a part fixed on the loom frame` and defining one side of a guide slot for the roll, a second part movably mounted on the first part to define the other side of said Yguide slot, the latter being shaped tomove, the lever and advancer laterally in one direction during the first part of the rearwardV movement of the carrier and then move said lever and the advancer in the opposite direction during the latter part of the rearward movement of the carrier to place the advancer behind the crossing warps, said roll operativeduring forward mover-1 ment of the carrier to engage said second part and move the latter relatively to the first part out of the path of said roll.

9. An operating mechanism for a loom having a crossing warp advancer and an actuating member connected thereto mountedfor back and forth and also laterallmOl/ementon the loomwith the advancer, said operating mechanism inf cluding a fixed part having a laterally and rea1'. wardly extending wall to dene one sideY of a.A

guide slot for the member, a second part having a laterally and rearwardly extending wall corresponding to the rst wall todene; the other side ofthe guide slot, said walls to -eiect lateral movement of the member as the latter moves rearwardly, and connections'between said partsA by which the second part is movable relatively to the rst part 'by said member out 4of, the pathV of the latter as the member moves forwardly.

10. An operating mechanism foraa loom having a crossing warp advancer andan actuating member connected thereto mountedfor back and forth4 and also lateralmovernent on the loom with the advancer, said operating mechanism including a stationary part having a slot therein and a laterally and rearwardly extendingrwall denning one side of ak guide slot-for the member, aA

second part mounted in the stationary part and provided with a laterally and rearwardlyextending wall corresponding to the first. wall to denethe other side of. said guide slot, said walls toelect lateral movement of the member as the lat ter moves rearwardly, and a pivotal connection between said parts, said second part being -piv otally movableon therst part :by said member out of the path of the latter as the member moves forwardly. i l v 11. In a loom having abackwardlyfand forwardly reciprocating reedand-operatingwith two sets of ground warps one set over theother set to form two ground sheds one over the'other whichconnectA to the fells-of theirrespective fabrics, the loom having crossingwarps whichextend from each fell to theground shed of the otheriell at periodic intervals, a shuttle for each ground shed to pass behind the corresponding crossing warps when the latterare crossedandr while-the reed is in the rear part of its reciprocation, a crossing warp advancer-between theY ground sheds andbehind the crossed -crossing warps, andmeans moving at a rate independent of the rate at which the reed moves to -move said-75 advancer. forwardly to its foremost positionlt:` cause the crossing warps to. lieu close to. their: corresponding, fells, andV extend in. a. tensionedV state forwardly therefromiprior to crossing ofithe` l groundwarps.

l2. In a loom having agbackwardly and fora wardly reciprocating` reed a-ndoperatingl` withA two sets of ground warps one. setover the other, set to form two ground sheds one vover the other;

whichv connect to the fells of 'their respective.

fabrics, the loom having crossingrwarps which` extend fromeach fell .to the ground shed ofthe:

other fell at;periodic intervals,. a shuttle. for each ground shed to pass behindthe corresponding; crossing warps whenthe latter, are crossed. andE while the reed is in the rear part of its reciprocation, a crossing warp advancer betweensaid ground sheds and lbehind the crossed crossing*` warps, and means .moving ata rate faster than: the rate at which the reed moves to `move said advancer forwardly toits foremost positionin advance of said fells to cause thecrossing warps: to lie adjacent to their respectivefellsand ex` tend in a tensioned state forwardly thereupon during forward movement of the reed and prior to crossing of the ground warps.

13. In a loom having a backwardly and-for wardlyreciprocating reed and operating with two sets of ground warps one set over the other setto form two ground sheds one over theother-- which connect to the fellsof their respectiveu fabrics, the loom having crossing warps which extend fromthe fell of one ground shed to the other groundshed at periodic intervals, a shuttlef fory said other ground shed to pass behind the crossing warps-while therreed is in the rear part of its: reciprocation, a 'crossing warp vadvancerv between theground sheds and behind the crossing warps. and means moving at a rateindependent of the rate at which the reed' moves tof move said advancer forwardly toits foremost-- position to causethe crossing warps to lie adjacent to` the. fell of said other shed and extend in a tensioned state forwardly therefrom before the ground warps cross.

14. In a loom having a backwardly and forwardly reciprocating reed and operating with two sets `of ground warps one set over the-otherl set tovform` two ground sheds oneover the otherJ whichv connect to the vfells of their respectivefabrics, therloom having crossing warps whichi extend from the fellof one-ground shed to the' other ground shed-at periodicintervals, ashuttle for said other ground shed to -pass Vbehind thecrossing warps while the-reed is in the rear part'v of its reciprocation, harness mechanism to cross the ground warpsl when the Vreed is in -therfor ward part of` the-motion-thereof, acrossing'warpA advancer behind the crossingY warps, and means moving at a `rate faster -thanthe rate-at which' the-reed moves to move said advancer forwardly' to its foremost position to Aplace the crossingl warps-adjacent to the fell of--said other shed andfcause said crossing warps Vto extend iira tensioned state forwardlyfrom said fell of saidA other shed prior to arrival of the reed at'the" fells and prior to crossing of said ground warps' by said'harness mechanism.

15.v Ina loomhaving a backwardlyand forwardly reciprocating reed and-.operating with two sets of ground Vwarps one set over the Vother set to form two ground sheds one over the other which connectV to the fells of their respectiveA fabrics, the loom having crossing warps-Which extend from thefell of each ground shed tothe other ground shed at periodic intervals, a shuttle for each ground shed to pass behind the corresponding crossing warps when the latter are crossed and while the reed is in the rear part of its reciprocation a crossing warp advancer behind the crossed crossing warps, means moving at a rate independent of the rate at which the reed moves to move said advancer forwardly to its foremost position to cause the crossing warps to lie adjacent to their respective felis and extend in a tensioned state forwardly therefrom prior to arrival of the reed at the fells. and means subsequently operative to cross the ground warps.

16. In a loom having a backwardly and forwardly reciprocating reed and operating with two sets of ground Warps one set over the other set to form two ground sheds one over the other which connect to the fells of their respective fabrics, the loom having crossing warps which extend from the fell of each ground shed to the other ground shed at periodic intervals, a shuttle for each ground shed to pass behind the corresponding crossing warps when the latter are crossed and while the reed is in the rear part of its reciprocation each shuttle having a weft under tension which extends from a point behind the crossed crossing warps to the corresponding fell, a crossing warp advancer behind the crossed crossing warps, and means moving at a rate independent of the rate at which the reed moves to move said advancer forwardly to its foremost position to move the crossing warps adjacent to their respective fells and extend in a tentioned state forwardly therefrom during forward movement of the reed and before the ground warps are crossed.

17. In a loom having a backwardly and forwardly reciprocating reed and operating with two sets of ground warps one set over the other set to form two ground sheds one over the other which connect to the fells of their respective fabrics, the loom having crossing warps which extend fromv the fell of one ground shed to thj'e other ground shed, a shuttle for said other 4"ground shed to pass behind the crossing Warps when the reed is in the rear part of its reciprocation, an advancer for the crossing warps normally'v in the foremost position thereof, a carrier on which the advancer is mounted, said carrier normally being in forward position, means to give the carrier a 20 backward and forward reciprocation in a period of time less than that required for a complete reciprocation of the reed to locate the carrier in rear position while the reed is moving rearwardly and then move the carrier back to normal po- 25 sition before the reed completes its subsequent o in rear position.

forward motion and before the ground warps cross, and means to move the advancer behind the crossed crossing warps while the carrier is ELBRIDGE R. HOLMES.

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