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US20170304415A1 - Anti-Cancer Combination Treatment and Kit-of-Parts - Google Patents

Anti-Cancer Combination Treatment and Kit-of-Parts Download PDF

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US20170304415A1
US20170304415A1 US15/649,288 US201715649288A US2017304415A1 US 20170304415 A1 US20170304415 A1 US 20170304415A1 US 201715649288 A US201715649288 A US 201715649288A US 2017304415 A1 US2017304415 A1 US 2017304415A1
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bioactive agent
kit according
cancer
item
agent according
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US15/649,288
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Bjørn Kristiansen
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/0002—Fungal antigens, e.g. Trichophyton, Aspergillus, Candida
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/58—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies raising an immune response against a target which is not the antigen used for immunisation
    • A61K2039/585—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies raising an immune response against a target which is not the antigen used for immunisation wherein the target is cancer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to pharmaceutical kits of parts suitable for treating neoplastic diseases such as cancer.
  • Mushrooms have been used for medicinal purposes for centuries in many cultures.
  • Several members of the Basidiomycete mushroom class such as for e.g. members of the Agaricus mushroom family have been used for medicinal and health-related purposes.
  • the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical kit of parts comprising
  • the present invention relates to a method of treatment comprising the step of administering said pharmaceutical kit of parts simultaneously (optionally in a co-formulation) or sequentially according to a set dosage regime.
  • Another aspect of the present invention relates to use of a medicament, such as an anti-cancer medicament, and a Basidiomycete bioactive agent in solid or liquid form in the manufacture of a kit of parts for the treatment of an individual in need thereof, such as an individual suffering from, or at risk of suffering from, a neoplastic disease such as cancer.
  • a medicament such as an anti-cancer medicament
  • a Basidiomycete bioactive agent in solid or liquid form in the manufacture of a kit of parts for the treatment of an individual in need thereof, such as an individual suffering from, or at risk of suffering from, a neoplastic disease such as cancer.
  • Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for enhancing a therapeutic effect of an anti-cancer drug, comprising co-administering (simultaneously or in any order) with said anti-cancer drug (such as any of the anti-cancer drugs described herein) a Basidiomycete bioactive agent (such as any of the Basidiomycete bioactive agents described herein).
  • said anti-cancer drug such as any of the anti-cancer drugs described herein
  • a Basidiomycete bioactive agent such as any of the Basidiomycete bioactive agents described herein.
  • Bioactive agents produced by Agaricus sp. any basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus agaricus of the family agaricaceae and the order agaricales and the subclass agaricomycetidae), Schizophyllum sp. (any basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus schizophyllum of the family schizophyllaceae and the order agaricales and the subclass agaricomycetidae), Lentinus sp. (any basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus lentinus of the family polyporaceae and the order polyporales and the subclass agaricomycetidae ( L.
  • edodes is also termed Lentinula edodes , which is placed in the family Marasmiaceae, in the order Agaricales and the subclass agaricomycetidae)), Trametes sp. (any basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus trametes of the family polyporaceae and the order polyporales and the subclass agaricomycetidae), Ganoderma sp. (any basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus ganoderma of the family ganodermataceae and the order polyporales and the subclass agaricomycetidae), and Grifola sp. (any basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus grifola of the family meripilaceae and the order polyporales and the subclass agaricomycetidae) are preferred in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 bacteriostatic effect of different dilutions (1:10, 1:20 and 1:40) of the bioactive agent obtained by the method as described in example 1 on E. coli K12. A culture without the bioactive agent was used as control (Ref). The experiment is described in detail in Example 4.
  • FIG. 2 cancer-cell specific cytotoxicity of different concentrations of Lentinex—comprising an embodiment of the bioactive agent of the present invention—on 4 different human and mouse cancer cell lines.
  • the MRC-5 cell line from normal human fetal lung fibroblasts was used as control. The experiment is described in detail in Example 5.
  • Mycelium Mass of hyphae constituting the body (thallus) of the fungus.
  • Agaricus sp. A basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus agaricus of the family agaricaceae and the order agaricales and the subclass agaricomycetidae.
  • Schizophyllum sp. A basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus schizophyllum of the family schizophyllaceae and the order agaricales and the subclass agaricomycetidae.
  • Lentinus sp. A basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus lentinus of the family polyporaceae and the order polyporales and the subclass agaricomycetidae.
  • L. edodes is also termed Lentinula edodes , which is placed in the family Marasmiaceae, in the order Agaricales and the subclass agaricomycetidae.
  • Trametes sp. A basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus trametes of the family polyporaceae and the order polyporales and the subclass agaricomycetidae.
  • Ganoderma sp. A basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus ganoderma of the family ganodermataceae and the order polyporales and the subclass agaricomycetidae.
  • Grifola sp. A basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus grifola of the family meripilaceae and the order polyporales and the subclass agaricomycetidae.
  • Fruiting bodies or fruit bodies Any one of a variety of complex, spore-bearing fungal structures.
  • Basidiomycete cell A cell from a fungus of the class Basidiomycete of the Phylum Basidiomycota, wherein the cell can be derived from any part of the fungus, such as fruiting body, hyphae, spores and mycelium.
  • the Basidiomycete cell can be a single hyphae, spores, aggregates of mycelium, or partly differentiated mycelium, or comprised in fungal mycelium.
  • Bioactive agent Any agent, drug, compound, composition of matter or mixture which provides some pharmacologic, often beneficial, effect that can be demonstrated in-vivo or in vitro. As used herein, this term further includes any physiologically or pharmacologically active substance that produces a localized or systemic effect in a patient.
  • bioactive agents include, but are not limited to, agents comprising or consisting of an oligosaccharide, agents comprising or consisting of a polysaccharide, agents comprising or consisting of an optionally glycosylated peptide, agents comprising or consisting of an optionally glycosylated polypeptide, agents comprising or consisting of an oligonucleotide, agents comprising or consisting of a polynucleotide, agents comprising or consisting of a lipid, agents comprising or consisting of a fatty acid, agents comprising or consisting of a fatty acid ester and agents comprising or consisting of secondary metabolites.
  • Anti-cancer medicament a medicament comprising an anti-cancer activity or anti-neoplastic activity, i.e. effective in treating or preventing a cancer. Often the efficacy is tested in a clinical trial to test whether a new treatment has an anti-cancer effect, for example, whether it shrinks a tumour or improves blood test results, and whether it works against a certain type of cancer.
  • Bioactive agents comprising an immune stimulating activity: Agents effective in the stimulation or restoration of the ability of the immune system to fight infection and disease. Also included are agents capable of reducing or eliminating any side effect(s) that may be caused by some cancer treatments.
  • Neoplasm tissue composed of cells that grow in an abnormal way. Neoplasms may be benign or malignant (metastatic). Benign tumors remain localized as a discrete mass. A system has been devised to classify malignant tissue according to the degree of malignancy, from grade 1, barely malignant, to grade 4, highly malignant. One preferred neoplasm type treated is a cancer. An individual suffering from a neoplastic disease is defined as having at least one neoplasm. Neoplastic diseases as used herein includes any abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth (mitosis) that results in the production of a tumour (i.e. a neoplasm).
  • Kit of parts a kit of parts as used in the present invention provides the Basidiomycete bioactive agent and anti-cancer medicament for administration in combination.
  • the Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered to the individual thus treated before, during (including concurrently with
  • Polysaccharides covers polysaccharides as well as polysaccharides containing and/or covalently linked to peptides, polypeptides or the like, such as proteopolysaccharides.
  • Polysaccharides comprising monosaccharides A polysaccharide is said to comprise monosaccharides, wherein said monosaccharides are covalently linked to form said polysaccharide. Hydrolysing a polysaccharide will yield the monosaccharides that formed said polysaccharide in free form.
  • the monosaccharide content of a polysaccharide can thus be determined by hydrolysing the polysaccharide and measuring the presence of individual monosaccharides.
  • the monosaccharide content of a mixture of polysaccharides is determined by determining the monosaccharide content of the entire mixture.
  • Polypeptide covers proteins, peptides and polypeptides, wherein said proteins, peptides or polypeptides may or may not have been post-translationally modified. Post-translational modification may for example be phosphorylation, methylation, glucosylation,
  • a polysaccharide or a mixture of polysaccharides are said to comprise e.g. galactose, mannose, and glucose in a given ratio, when hydrolysation of said polysaccharide or said mixture of polysaccharide yields galactose, mannose and glucose in said given ratio.
  • Galactose, mannose, and glucose in the ratio 1:a to b:c to d means that for every part galactose, mannose is present in the range of a to b parts and glucose is present in the range of c to d parts, wherein a, b, c and d indicates numerical values.
  • a polysaccharide mixture comprising galactose, mannose, and glucose in the ratio 1:5 to 25:1 to 50, means that for every part galactose, the polysaccharide mixture comprises in the range of 5 to 25 parts mannose and in the range if 1 to 50 part glucose
  • the present invention relates to a kit of parts comprising:
  • Said anti-cancer medicament may be any medicament with an anti-cancer effect in the individual thus treated.
  • said anti-cancer medicament may for example be selected from the group consisting of:
  • said anti-cancer drug is Aldesleukin/Proleukin (Chiron Corp)
  • said anti-cancer drug is Alemtuzumab/Campath (Millennium and ILEX Partners, LP), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL).
  • said anti-cancer drug is alitretinoin/Panretin (Ligand Pharmaceuticals), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of cutaneous lesions in sarcoma patients, such as in patients suffering from AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
  • Ligand Pharmaceuticals such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of cutaneous lesions in sarcoma patients, such as in patients suffering from AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
  • said anti-cancer drug is allopurinol/Zyloprim (GlaxoSmithKline), such as for the treatment of patients with leukaemia and/or lymphoma and/or one or more solid tumor malignancies who are receiving cancer therapy which causes elevations of serum and urinary uric acid levels.
  • said anti-cancer drug is altretamine/Hexalen (US Bioscience), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of ovarian cancer.
  • said anti-cancer drug is amifostine/Ethyol (US Bioscience), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of post-radiation xerostomia for e.g. head and neck cancer and/or ovarian cancer (preferably advanced) and/or non-small cell lung cancer.
  • said anti-cancer drug is anastrozole/Arimidex (AstraZeneca), such as for the treatment of breast cancer, for example hormone receptor positive early breast cancer, advanced breast cancer, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
  • AstraZeneca anastrozole/Arimidex
  • said anti-cancer drug is trioxide/Trisenox (Cell Therapeutic).
  • said anti-cancer drug is Asparaginase/Elspar (Merck & Co, Inc), such as for the treatment of pediatric patients.
  • said anti-cancer drug is Live/TICE BCG (Organon Teknika Corp).
  • said anti-cancer drug is bexarotene capsules/Targretin (Ligand Pharmaceuticals), such as for treatment of cutaneous manifestations of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, preferably via oral administration.
  • said anti-cancer drug is bleomycin/Blenoxane (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for treatment of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and prevention of recurrent pleural effusions.
  • MPE malignant pleural effusion
  • said anti-cancer drug is busulfan/Busulfex (GlaxoSmithKline), such as prior to hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia, preferably via oral administration.
  • said anti-cancer drug is calusterone/Methosarb (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company).
  • said anti-cancer drug is capecitabine/Xeloda (Roche), such as for treatment of breast cancer, preferably metastatic breast cancer, or colorectal carcinoma, preferably metastatic colorectal carcinoma.
  • said anti-cancer drug is Carboplatin/Paraplatin (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for treatment of ovarian carcinoma.
  • said anti-cancer drug is carmustine/BCNU, BiCNU (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
  • said anti-cancer drug is carmustine with Polifeprosan 20 Implant/Gliadel Wafer (Guilford Pharmaceuticals Inc.), such as to prolong survival in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme who qualify for surgery.
  • said anti-cancer drug is celecoxib/Celebrex (Searle), such as for treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis.
  • said anti-cancer drug is chlorambucil/Leukeran (GlaxoSmithKline), such as for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
  • said anti-cancer drug is cisplatin/Platinol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for treatment of ovarian tumour preferably metastatic ovarian tumour, testicular tumour, preferably testicular tumour, transitional cell bladder cancer.
  • said anti-cancer drug is cladribine/Leustatin, 2-CdA (R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute), such as for treatement of active hairy cell leukaemia.
  • said anti-cancer drug is cyclophosphamide Cytoxan/Neosar (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
  • said anti-cancer drug is cytarabine/Cytosar-U (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company)
  • said anti-cancer drug is dacarbazine/DTIC-Dome (Bayer).
  • said anti-cancer drug is dactinomycin/actinomycin D Cosmegen (Merck)
  • said anti-cancer drug is Darbepoetin alfa/Aranesp (Amgen, Inc), such as for treatment of anemia associated with chemotherapeutic regimes.
  • said anti-cancer drug is daunorubicin/daunomycin/Daunorubicin (Bedford Labs), such as in liposomal form, for example for the treatment of HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
  • said anti-cancer drug is daunorubicin/daunomycin/Cerubidine (Wyeth Ayerst), such as for treatment of leukaemia.
  • said anti-cancer drug is Denileukin/diftitox/Ontak (Seragen, Inc), such as for treatment of T-cell lymphoma, preferably of individuals whose malignant cells express the CDC25 component of the IL-2 receptor.
  • said anti-cancer drug is dexrazoxane/Zinecard (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company), such as to aid in reducing the severity of cardiomyopathy associated with doxorubicin administration in women with metastatic breast cancer.
  • said anti-cancer drug is docetaxel/Taxotere (Aventis Pharmaceutical), such as for treatment of breast cancer, preferably locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, or non-small cell lung cancer, preferably locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.
  • said anti-cancer drug is doxorubicin/Adriamycin Rubex (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company), such as for treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma or metastatic carcinoma of the ovary.
  • said anti-cancer drug is Dromostanolone propionate/Masterone injection (SYNTEX).
  • said anti-cancer drug is Elliott's B Solution (Orphan Medical, Inc), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of miningeal leukaemia or lymphocytic lymphoma.
  • said anti-cancer drug is Epirubicin/Ellence (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of breast cancer.
  • said anti-cancer drug is etoposide phosphate (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of refractory testicular tumours, small cell lung cancer.
  • etoposide phosphate Bristol-Myers Squibb
  • said anti-cancer drug is etoposide/VP-16/Vepesid (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of refractory testicular tumours, small cell lung cancer.
  • said anti-cancer drug is exemestane/Aromasin (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of breast cancer, preferably for treatment of advanced breast cancer.
  • said anti-cancer drug is Filgrastim/Neupogen (Amgen, Inc), such as for treatment of nonmyeloid malignancies undergoing myeloablative chemotherapy followed by marrow transplantation.
  • said anti-cancer drug is floxuridine/FUDR (Roche)
  • said anti-cancer drug is fludarabine/Fludara (Berlex Laboratories Inc.), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of B-cell lymphocytic leukaemia.
  • said anti-cancer drug is fluorouracil/5-FU/Adrucil (ICN Puerto Rico), such as to prolong survival.
  • said anti-cancer drug is fulvestrant/Faslodex (IPR), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of breast cancer, preferably in post-menopausal women.
  • IPR fulvestrant/Faslodex
  • said anti-cancer drug is gemcitabine/Gemzar (Eli Lilly), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas or non-small cell lung cancer, preferably locally advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas or non-small cell lung cancer.
  • said anti-cancer drug is gemtuzumab/ozogamicin/Mylotarg (Wyeth Ayerst), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of CD33 positive acute myeloid leukaemia in patients who are preferably 60 years of age or older.
  • said anti-cancer drug is goserelin acetate/Zoladex Implant (AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of breast cancer, preferably advanced stage breast cancer.
  • said anti-cancer drug is hydroxyurea/Hydrea (Bristol-Myers Squibb).
  • said anti-cancer drug is Ibritumomab Tiuxetan/Zevalin (IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corp), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, for example patients with Rituximab refractory follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
  • Ibritumomab Tiuxetan/Zevalin Ibritumomab Tiuxetan/Zevalin
  • said anti-cancer drug is idarubicin/Idamycin (Adria Laboratories), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of acute myeloid leukaemia, for example in adults.
  • said anti-cancer drug is ifosfamide/IFEX (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for treatment of germ cell testicular cancer.
  • said anti-cancer drug is imatinib mesylate/Gleevec (Novartis), such as for treatment of chronic myelogeneous leukaemia or gastrointestinal stromal tumours.
  • said anti-cancer drug is Interferon alfa-2a/Roferon-A (Hoffmann-La Roche Inc), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of malignant melanoma, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, condylomata acuminate, hairy cell leukaemia or AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
  • Interferon alfa-2a/Roferon-A Hoffmann-La Roche Inc
  • said anti-cancer drug is Interferon alfa-2b/Intron A (Schering Corp).
  • said anti-cancer drug is irinotecan/Camptosar (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of carcinoma of the colon or rectum, preferably metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum.
  • said anti-cancer drug is letrozole/Femara (Novartis), carcinoma of the colon or rectum, such as for treatment or prophylaxis of breast cancer, preferably in post-menopausal women.
  • said anti-cancer drug is Leucovorin/Wellcovorin (Immunex Corporation), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of colorectal cancer, preferably advanced colorectal cancer.
  • said anti-cancer drug is levamisole/Ergamisol (Janssen Research Foundation), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of colon cancer, preferably after surgical resection.
  • said anti-cancer drug is lomustine/CCNU/CeeBU (Bristol-Myers Squibb).
  • said anti-cancer drug is meclorethamine/nitrogen mustard/Mustargen (Merck)
  • said anti-cancer drug is megestrol acetate/Megace (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
  • said anti-cancer drug is melphalan/L-PAM/Alkeran (GlaxoSmithKline), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of multiple myeloma.
  • said anti-cancer drug is mercaptopurine/6-MP Purinethol (GlaxoSmithKline)
  • said anti-cancer drug is mesna/Mesnex (Asta Medica) such as for treatment or prophylaxis of ifosfamide-indeuced hemorrhagic cystitis.
  • said anti-cancer drug is methotrexate (Lederle Laboratories), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of osteosarcoma.
  • said anti-cancer drug is methoxsalen/Uvadex (Therakos), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of skin manifestations of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).
  • Therakos methoxsalen/Uvadex
  • said anti-cancer drug is mitomycin C/Mutamycin (Bristol-Myers Squibb).
  • said anti-cancer drug is mitomycin C/Mitozytrex (Supergen), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of disseminated adenocarcinoma of the stomach or pancreas.
  • said anti-cancer drug is mitotane/Lysodren (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
  • said anti-cancer drug is mitoxantrone/Novantrone (Lederle Laboratories), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of prostrate cancer or acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL) in adults.
  • mitoxantrone/Novantrone Lederle Laboratories
  • ANLL acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia
  • said anti-cancer drug is nandrolone phenpropionate/Durabolin-50 (Organon).
  • said anti-cancer drug is Nofetumomab/Verluma (Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG (formerly Dr. Karl Tomae GmbH).
  • said anti-cancer drug is doxorubicin/Adriamycin PFS.
  • said anti-cancer drug is Oprelvekin/Neumega (Genetics Institute), preferably administered after myelosuppressive chemotherapy in patients with nonmyeloid malignancies
  • said anti-cancer drug is oxaliplatin/Eloxatin (Sanofi Synthelabo), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of carcinoma of the colon, preferably metastatic carcinoma of the colon.
  • said anti-cancer drug is paclitaxel/Taxol/Paxene (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of advanced AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, breast cancer, metastatic breast cancer, carcinoma of the ovary, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, metastatic carcinoma of the ovary, non-small cell lung cancer or node-positive breast cancer.
  • paclitaxel/Taxol/Paxene Bristol-Myers Squibb
  • said anti-cancer drug is pamidronate/Aredia (Novartis), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of osteolytic bone metastases of breast cancer.
  • said anti-cancer drug is pegademase/Adagen (Pegademase Bovine) (Enzon).
  • said anti-cancer drug is Pegaspargase/Oncaspar (Enzon, Inc).
  • said anti-cancer drug is Pegfilgrastim/Neulasta (Amgen, Inc), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of non-myeloid malignancies.
  • said anti-cancer drug is pentostatin/Nipent (Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Co.), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of hairy cell leukaemia, for example alpha interferon refractory hairy cell leukaemia.
  • said anti-cancer drug is pipobroman/Vercyte (Abbott Labs)
  • said anti-cancer drug is plicamycin/mithramycin/Mithracin (Pfizer Labs)
  • said anti-cancer drug is porfimer sodium/Photofrin (QLT Phototherapeutics Inc.), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of partially obstructing or completely obstructing esophogeal cancer.
  • said anti-cancer drug is procarbazine/Matulane (Sigma Tau Pharms)
  • said anti-cancer drug is quinacrine/Atabrine (Abbott Labs)
  • said anti-cancer drug is Rasburicase/Elitek (Sanofi-Synthelabo, Inc), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of patients suffering from leukaemia, lymphoma or solid tumor malignancies.
  • said anti-cancer drug is Rituximab/Rituxan (Genentech, Inc)
  • said anti-cancer drug is Sargramostim/Prokine (Immunex Corp)
  • said anti-cancer drug is streptozocin/Zanosar (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company)
  • said anti-cancer drug is talc/Sclerosol (Bryan), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of malignant pleural effusion in symptomatic patients.
  • said anti-cancer drug is tamoxifen/Nolvadex (AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of breast cancer, for example following mastectomy and axillary dissection in postmenopausal women, or for metastatic breast cancer, for example in men.
  • said anti-cancer drug is temozolomide/Temodar (Schering), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of refractory anaplastic astrocytma.
  • said anti-cancer drug is teniposide/VM-26/Vumon (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of refractory childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
  • said anti-cancer drug is testolactone/Teslac (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
  • said anti-cancer drug is thioguanine/6-TG/Thioguanine (GlaxoSmithKline)
  • said anti-cancer drug is thiotepa/Thioplex (Lederle Laboratories)
  • said anti-cancer drug is topotecan/Hycamtin (GlaxoSmithKline), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of metastatic carcinoma of the ovary, or small cell lung cancer.
  • said anti-cancer drug is toremifene/Fareston (Orion Corp), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
  • said anti-cancer drug is Tositumomab/Bexxar (Corixa Corporation), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
  • said anti-cancer drug is Trastuzumab/Herceptin (Genentech, Inc), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of metastatic breast cancer.
  • said anti-cancer drug is tretinoin/ATRA/Vesanoid (Roche), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of acute promyeocytic leukaemia.
  • said anti-cancer drug is Uracil Mustard (Roberts Labs)
  • said anti-cancer drug is vairubicin/Valstar (Medeva), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of BCG-refractory carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the urinary bladder.
  • said anti-cancer drug is vinblastine/Velban (Eli Lilly)
  • said anti-cancer drug is vincristine/Oncovin (Eli Lilly)
  • said anti-cancer drug is vinorelbine/Navelbine (GlaxoSmithKline), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of non-small cell lung cancer, such as unresectable, advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
  • said anti-cancer drug is zoledronate/Zometa (Novartis), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of multiple myeloma or patients with documented bone metastases from solid tumours.
  • the anti-cancer drug is not carboplatin.
  • the Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered in combination with a chemotherapeutic agent, such as any of the following: an alkylating agent, a Nitrosourea, an antimetabolite, Anthracycline or a related drug, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, a mitotic inhibitor, a corticosteroid hormone.
  • a chemotherapeutic agent such as any of the following: an alkylating agent, a Nitrosourea, an antimetabolite, Anthracycline or a related drug, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, a mitotic inhibitor, a corticosteroid hormone.
  • the Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered in combination with an alkylating agent, such as one or more of the following: busulfan, cisplatin, carboplatin, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, dacarbazine (DTIC), mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard), melphalan, and temozolomide.
  • an alkylating agent such as one or more of the following: busulfan, cisplatin, carboplatin, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, dacarbazine (DTIC), mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard), melphalan, and temozolomide.
  • Basidiomacete bioactive agent is administered in combination with a Nitrosourea, such as one or more of the following: carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU).
  • a Nitrosourea such as one or more of the following: carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU).
  • Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered in combination with an antimetabolite, such as one or more of the following: 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, gemcitabine, cytarabine (ara-C), fludarabine, and pemetrexed.
  • an antimetabolite such as one or more of the following: 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, gemcitabine, cytarabine (ara-C), fludarabine, and pemetrexed.
  • Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered in combination with an Anthracycline or a related drug, such as one or more of the following: daunorubicin, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), epirubicin, idarubicin, and mitoxantrone.
  • an Anthracycline or a related drug such as one or more of the following: daunorubicin, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), epirubicin, idarubicin, and mitoxantrone.
  • Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered in combination with a topoisomerase II inhibitor, such as one or more of the following: topotecan, irinotecan, etoposide (VP-16), and teniposide.
  • a topoisomerase II inhibitor such as one or more of the following: topotecan, irinotecan, etoposide (VP-16), and teniposide.
  • Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered in combination with a mitotic inhibitor, such as one or more of the following: a taxane (for example paclitaxel, docetaxel), a vinca alkaloid (vinblastine, vincristine, and vinorelbine).
  • a mitotic inhibitor such as one or more of the following: a taxane (for example paclitaxel, docetaxel), a vinca alkaloid (vinblastine, vincristine, and vinorelbine).
  • Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered in combination with a corticosteroid hormone, such as one or more of the following: prednisone or dexamethasone.
  • the Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered in combination with a targeted therapy, such as one or more of the following: imatinib (Gleevec), gefitinib (Iressa), erlotinib (Tarceva), rituximab (Rituxan), and bevacizumab (Avastin).
  • a targeted therapy such as one or more of the following: imatinib (Gleevec), gefitinib (Iressa), erlotinib (Tarceva), rituximab (Rituxan), and bevacizumab (Avastin).
  • the Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered in combination with a sexhormone, such as one or more of the following: anti-estrogens (such as tamoxifen, fulvestrant), aromatase inhibitors (such as anastrozole, exemestane, letrozole), progestins (such as megestrol acetate), anti-androgens (such as bicalutamide, flutamide), and LHRH agonists (such as leuprolide, goserelin).
  • a sexhormone such as one or more of the following: anti-estrogens (such as tamoxifen, fulvestrant), aromatase inhibitors (such as anastrozole, exemestane, letrozole), progestins (such as megestrol acetate), anti-androgens (such as bicalutamide, flutamide), and LHRH agonists (such as leuprolide, gose
  • Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered in combination with one or more of the following: L-asparaginase, dactinomycin, thalidomide, and tretinoin.
  • kits-of-parts described herein may be used to treat any individual suffering from, or at risk of suffering from, a neoplastic disease.
  • said neoplastic disease is benign. In another embodiment of the present invention, said neoplastic disease is metastatic, such as stage 3-4 metastatic disease,
  • the neoplastic disease is selected from the group consisting of: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Adrenocortical Carcinoma, AIDS-Related Cancers, AIDS-Related Lymphoma, Anal Cancer, Astrocytoma (e.g.
  • One aspect of the present invention relates to the palliative treatment of terminal cancer states in an individual in need thereof, such as wherein said individual is suffering from advanced-stage cancer, preferably terminal cancer.
  • the kit-of-parts is suitable for treating or preventing any of the following aerodigestive tract cancer forms:
  • the kit of parts according to the present invention is for the treatment or prevention of lower GI cancer, such as colorectal cancers, in particular colon cancer.
  • the kit-of-parts is for the treatment or prevention of an endocrine cancer, i.e. a cancer in an endocrine organ of an individual's body.
  • said cancer is liver cancer.
  • the invention is also useful for treating individuals suffering from the following cancer forms:
  • the treatment with Basidiomycete bioactive agent is for the treatment or prevention of undesirable side-effects caused in whole or in part by an anti-cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy or combinations thereof.
  • the Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered before the anti-cancer treatment (for example prophylactically).
  • the treatment may be started before any anti-cancer treatment initiates. It may be administered continuously during the anti-cancer treatment or it may be administered at intervals, for example between periods with anti-cancer therapy. By administering during and in particular between the periods of anti-cancer therapy, the risk that the treated individual acquires infections and other complications may be reduced due to the better health conditions.
  • Helicobacter is a gram-negative bacterium with polar flagella, using oxygen as an electron acceptor, which cannot utilize carbohydrates as an energy source.
  • Helicobacter is used herein interchangeably with “ Helicobacter sp.”.
  • the Helicobacter sp. is Helicobacter pylori.
  • the present invention provides methods for preventing or inhibiting or reducing the growth of Helicobacter by administering the bioactive agent according to the present invention.
  • the bioactive agent can be administered to an individual in need thereof alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents like antibiotics and inhibitors of acid secretion.
  • combination with therapeutic agents is meant herein that one or more bioactive agent(s) according to the present invention is administered to the individual thus treated before and/or during (including concurrently with) and/or after treatment of an individual with one or more therapeutic agents.
  • the bioactive agent can be administered in the form of food.
  • the combination may be in the form of kit-in-part systems, wherein the combined active substances may be used for simultaneous, sequential or separate administration.
  • any of the herein-mentioned medicaments are administered in pharmaceutically effective amounts, i.e. an administration involving a total amount of each active component of the medicament or pharmaceutical composition or method that is sufficient to show a meaningful patient benefit.
  • the combination of a bioactive agent according to the present invention and therapeutic agents provide improvements over therapy with the therapeutic agent alone, in particular for patients that do not respond to therapy with the therapeutic agent alone or in combination with other treatment regimes.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating an infection with Helicobacter in a subject, particularly human subjects, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a bioactive agent according to the present invention alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents.
  • the other therapeutic agent is an antibiotic.
  • the antibiotic is amoxicillin.
  • the antibiotic is clarithromycin.
  • the antibiotic is metronidazole.
  • the therapeutic agent is an inhibitor of acid secretion like an H 2 inhibitor or a proton pump inhibitor.
  • the subject having a Helicobacter infection is suffering from a peptic ulcer.
  • Peptic ulcers as contemplated in the current invention include, but are not limited to, circumscribed breaks in the continuity of the mucosal layer of the gastrointestinal tract. These breaks in the continuity of the mucosal layer can include breaks that do not extend below the epithelium, also referred to as “erosions” or breaks that do extend below the epithelium.
  • the peptic ulcers may be acute, or chronic. Further, peptic ulcers can be located in any part of the gastrointestinal tract that is exposed to acid-pepsin gastric juice, including esophagus, stomach, duodenum and after gastroenterostomy, the jejunum.
  • the subject having the Helicobacter infection is suffering from, or at risk of developing, cancer of the gastrointestinal tract.
  • the portions of the gastrointestinal tract where cancer may be present or may develop are any areas where the gastrointestinal tract is exposed to acid-pepsin gastric juice, including esophagus, stomach, duodenum and after gastroenterostomy, the jejunum.
  • the term “cancer of the gastrointestinal tract” is used as one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize the term. Examples of “cancer of the gastrointestinal tract” include, but are not limited to, neoplasias (or neoplasms), hyperplasias, dysplasias, metaplasias or hypertrophies.
  • the neoplasms may be benign or malignant, and they may originate from any cell type, including but not limited to epithelial cells of various origin, muscle cells and endothelial cells.
  • the treatment can be used for patients with a pre-existing Helicobacter infection, or for patients pre-disposed to a Helicobacter infection. Additionally, the bioactive agent of the present invention can be used to alleviate symptoms of a Helicobacter infection in patients, or as a preventative measure in patients.
  • Helicobacter infection is used to mean an interaction between Helicobacter and the host organism (subject).
  • the infections may be localized, meaning that the Helicobacter grows and remains near the point of initial interaction.
  • the infection may also be generalized, where the Helicobacter may become more widespread beyond the initial point of interaction, including spreading to the surrounding tissue or organ and even being distributed and growing throughout the entire host organism.
  • interaction of a host and Helicobacter ) is used to mean a process where the Helicobacter grows in or around a particular tissue.
  • Helicobacter is considered to have infected the subject if the bacteria is able to penetrate the surface of cells of a particular tissue and grow within the cells of the tissue.
  • An example of this type of infection includes, but is not limited to Helicobacter penetrating and growing within the epithelial cells lining the lumen of the stomach. Additionally, the Helicobacter can also be said to have infected the host organism by growing extracellularly to the tissue cells.
  • the method of the current invention comprises administering an antibacterially effective amount of the bioactive agent to treat a Helicobacter infection.
  • an antibacterially effective amount to treat a Helicobacter infection is intended to mean an amount affective to prevent, inhibit, retard or reverse the growth of Helicobacter , and/or reduce the number of viable Helicobacter cells within the stomach or at a site of infection.
  • Antibacterially effective amount to treat a Helicobacter infection is also used to mean an amount effective to kill, reduce or ameliorate any existing infections of Helicobacter .
  • an “antibacterially effective amount to treat a Helicobacter infection” of the bioactive agent of the present invention can be used as a treatment of a pre-existing Helicobacter infection.
  • Effective amounts for use in these treatments can completely or partially prevent a pre-existing Helicobacter infection from spreading to surrounding tissue and beyond, and they can also be used to slow the growth and/or spread rate of the Helicobacter in the subject.
  • the “antibacterially effective amounts to treat a Helicobacter infection” of the bioactive agent of the current invention can prevent a Helicobacter infection in subjects.
  • Another aspect of an “antibacterially effective amount to treat a Helicobacter infection”, as used in the current invention means that the bioactive agent administered to the subject is capable of preventing or reducing the cellular or physiological damage to the infected or surrounding tissue, caused by the toxins produced by the Helicobacter .
  • the phrase “antibacterially effective amount to treat a Helicobacter infection” can be used to mean an amount of the administered bioactive agent that can reduce or prevent the formation or efficacy of the virulence of the Helicobacter .
  • virulence is meant the ability of the Helicobacter to combat the host organism's or cells natural defences to the Helicobacter infection.
  • the present invention provides methods for enhancing the antitumor activity of antibody therapy by administering a bioactive agent according to the present invention in combination with the antibody therapy.
  • a bioactive agent according to the present invention in combination with antibody therapy is meant herein that one or more bioactive agent(s) according to the present invention is administered to the individual thus treated before and/or during (including concurrently with) and/or after treatment of an individual with a therapeutic antibody.
  • the bioactive agent can be administered in the form of food.
  • the combination may be in the form of kit-in-part systems, wherein the combined active substances may be used for simultaneous, sequential or separate administration.
  • any of the herein-mentioned medicaments are administered in pharmaceutically effective amounts, i.e. an administration involving a total amount of each active component of the medicament or pharmaceutical composition or method that is sufficient to show a meaningful patient benefit.
  • a bioactive agent according to the present invention and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies provide improvements over monoclonal antibody therapy alone, in particular for patients that do not respond to monoclonal antibody therapy alone or in combination with other treatment regimes.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating cancer in a subject, particularly human subjects, comprising co-administering a therapeutically effective amount of a monoclonal antibody and a therapeutically effective amount of a bioactive agent according to the present invention.
  • the monoclonal antibody is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody.
  • the monoclonal antibody is rituximab.
  • methods of the present invention treat non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
  • Further embodiments of the present invention provide methods where monoclonal antibody rituximab and a bioactive agent according to the present invention are administered once weekly for e.g. up to eight consecutive weeks.
  • the rituximab is administered once weekly and the a bioactive agent according to the present invention is administered up to five times weekly for up to eight consecutive weeks.
  • the bioactive agent dose is from 10 to 500 [mu]g/kg/dose.
  • the patient has previously been treated with rituximab and showed no appreciable tumor remission or regression. In other embodiments, the patient has relapsed after receiving rituximab therapy.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating cancer in a subject comprising co-administering a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and a therapeutically effective amount of a bioactive agent according to the present invention, wherein administering the bioactive agent results in an optimal immunological response.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating cancer in a subject comprising co-administering a monoclonal antibody that binds to a Her-2/neu receptor and a bioactive agent according to the present invention.
  • the subject is a human patient.
  • the monoclonal antibody can e.g. be trastuzumab.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides a method of treating cancer in a subject comprising co-administering a monoclonal antibody that binds to a cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and a bioactive agent according to the present invention.
  • CTLA-4 cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4
  • the subject is a human patient.
  • the anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody is administered at a dose of 3 mg/kg every three weeks for four cycles and the bioactive agent is administered one to five times weekly for up to eight weeks.
  • the dose of he bioactive agent is from 10 to 500 [mu]g/kg/dose.
  • ADCC antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
  • monoclonal antibodies bind to a target cell (e.g. cancer cell) and specific effector cells expressing receptors for the monoclonal antibody (e.g. NK cells, monocytes and granulocytes) bind the monoclonal antibody/target cell complex resulting in target cell death.
  • a bioactive agent according to the present invention is believed to enhance effector cell function, thereby increasing monoclonal antibody therapy efficacy.
  • the dose and schedule of bioactive agent administration in combination with MAbs can be based on the ability of the bioactive agent to elevate parameters associated with differentation and functional activity of cell populations mediating ADCC, including but not limited to, NK cells, macrophages and neutrophils. These parameters can be evaluated using assays of NK, macrophage and neutrophil cell cytotoxicity, ADCC (NK cell fraction or total mononuclear cells, or effector molecules essential to the ability of cells to implement ADCC (e.g., FasL, granzymes and perforin).
  • ADCC NK cell fraction or total mononuclear cells, or effector molecules essential to the ability of cells to implement ADCC (e.g., FasL, granzymes and perforin).
  • Combination therapy with a bioactive agent according to the present invention and a monoclonal antibody may in one embodiment be indicated when a first line treatment has failed and may be considered as a second line treatment.
  • the present invention also provides using the combination as a first line treatment in patient populations that are newly diagnosed and have not been previously treated with anticancer agents “de novo patients” and patients that have not previously received any monoclonal antibody therapy “naive patients.”
  • a bioactive agent according to the present invention is also useful in combination therapy with monoclonal antibodies in the absence of any direct antibody mediated ADCC of tumor cells.
  • Antibodies that block an inhibitory signal in the immune system can lead to augmented immune responses. Examples include (1) antibodies against molecules of the B7R family that have inhibitory function such as, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death-1 (PD-1), B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA); (2) antibodies against inhibitory cytokines like IL-10, TGFP; and (3) antibodies that deplete or inhibit functions of suppressive cells like anti-CD25 or CTLA-4.
  • CTLA-4 cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4
  • PD-1 programmed death-1
  • BTLA B and T lymphocyte attenuator
  • anti-CTLA4 mAbs in both mice and humans are thought to either suppress function of immune-suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) or inhibit the inhibitory signal transmitted through binding of CTLA-4 on T cells to B7-1 or B7-2 molecules on APCs or tumor cells.
  • CTLA-4 is expressed transiently on the surface of activated T cells and constitutively expressed on Treg cells.
  • Cross-linking CTLA-4 leads to an inhibitory signal on activated T cells, and antibodies against CTLA-4 block the inhibitory signal on T cells leading to sustained T cell activation (Phan et al., PNAS, 100:8372-8377, 2003.)
  • any of the embodiments described herein may also use polyclonal antibodies instead of, or in combination with, monoclonal antibodies.
  • naked antibodies i.e. antibodies without any drug or radioactive material attached to them
  • conjugated antibodies are used (joined e.g. to one or more of: a chemotherapy drug, a radioactive particle, or a toxin).
  • the antibody used may be a conjugated monoclonal antibody.
  • Another preferred embodiment uses one or more of: a chemolabeled monoclonal antibody, a monoclonal antibody with radioactive particles attached, an immunotoxin.
  • Preferred immunotoxins include, but are not restricted to, an antibody attached to one or more of: a bacterial toxins such as diphtherial toxin (DT) or pseudomonal exotoxin (PE40), a plant toxin such as ricin A or saporin.
  • a bacterial toxins such as diphtherial toxin (DT) or pseudomonal exotoxin (PE40)
  • a plant toxin such as ricin A or saporin.
  • Preferred is e.g. gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg) or other antibodies attached to calicheamicin, or BL22.
  • the antibody is targeted to a molecule known to be associated with cancerous processes.
  • the antibody may bind specifically one or more of the following targets: vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), CD20 antigen, the HER2 protein, the CD52 antigen, the VEGF protein, erbB-2, EGFR, erbB-2, cathepsin L, cyclin E, Ras, p53, BCR-ABL, Bcl-2, caspase-3.
  • VEGF-A vascular endothelial growth factor-A
  • EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
  • CD20 antigen the HER2 protein
  • CD52 antigen the VEGF protein
  • erbB-2 epidermal growth factor receptor
  • erbB-2 cathepsin L
  • cyclin E Ras, p53, BCR-ABL, Bcl-2
  • caspase-3 caspase-3.
  • Table 1 is a non-exclusive list of monoclonal antibodies approved or being tested for which combination therapy with a bioactive agent according to the present invention is possible.
  • Other preferred antibodies may be selected from, but are not restricted to, the group consisting of:
  • Alemtuzumab (Campath), bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech Inc.), OncoScint (such as for colorectal and ovarian cancer), ProstaScint (such as for prostate cancer), Tositumomab (Bexxar), Cetuximab (Erbitux, ImClone Systems Inc.), Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg), Rituximab (Rituxan, Roche/Genentech), anti-erbB-2 scFv, Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin), Panitumumab (formerly known as “ABX-EGF”, Abgenix, Fremont Calif.), Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin), EMD 72000 (Vanhoefer et al., J Clin Oncol 2004; 22:175-184), Ibritumomab Tioxetan, and Tra
  • Dosage of the bioactive agent may be varied as known to one skilled in the art and as disclosed in detail elsewhere herein.
  • administration is intravenous administration or oral administration.
  • Antibodies may also be given intravenously in one embodiment, for example co-formulated with the bioactive agent.
  • the antibody and/or bioactive agent may be given at a dosage of 5 mg/kg, every other week, or may be administered with a 400 mg/m 2 loading dose and weekly doses of 250 mg/m 2 over 1 hour.
  • polysaccharide Lentinan from Lentinus edodes and polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei can suppress the expression of cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and thus can prevent cancer (Hashimoto et al. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2004, 66 (7) 1610-1614 and Okamoto et al. Biofactors 2004 21 (1-4) 407-09 both of which are incorporated herein by reference).
  • P450s are a class of drug- and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes mainly expressed in the liver. Carcinogens such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic amines are metabolized to their carcinogenic forms by CYPs.
  • the suppression of P450 caused by polysaccharides, such as Lentinan is advantageous for chemotherapy patients, as it prolongs the duration and intensifies the action of drugs.
  • the present invention is directed to a bioactive agent capable of suppressing the expression of P450s.
  • the bioactive agent of the present invention is used in a combination therapy with a chemotherapeutic drug.
  • the bioactive agent can be administered in the form of food.
  • CTLs cytotoxic T lymphocytes
  • the present invention is directed to a combination therapy of S-1 and the bioactive agent according to this invention in cancer patients.
  • the bioactive agent can be administered in the form of food.
  • bioactive agent as disclosed in the items herein below:
  • the bioactive agent is an Agaricus bioactive agent.
  • a bioactive agent from any of the below Agaricus species may be used in the present invention, such as any bioactive agents from the group consisting of: Agaricus arorae, Agaricus arvensis, Agaricus augustus, Agaricus benesi, Agaricus bernardii, Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus bitorquis, Agaricus blazei Murill yh (has reclassified as Agaricus brasiliensis ), Agaricus californicus, Agaricus campestris, Agaricus comptulus, Agaricus cupreo - brunneus, Agaricus diminutives, Agaricus fusco - fibrillosus, Agaricus fuscovelatus, Agaricus hondensis, Agaricus lilaceps, Agaricus micromegathus, Agaricus praeclares
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent is from any of the following: A. blazei, A. blazei Murill, A. bisporus, A. hortensis, A. campestris.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent is from A. blazei , preferably A. blazei Murill.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent is from A. bisporus . In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent is from A. hortensis . In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent is from A. campestris
  • the compositions disclosed herein have been produced by an Agaricus fungus.
  • the compositions have been purified from the extracellular environment of an Agaricus fungus.
  • the fungus preferably a fungal mycelium, has been cultivated in a liquid growth medium and said composition has been purified from said liquid growth medium.
  • composition of the invention has been produced by a method comprising the steps of
  • fungal mycelium any fungal biomass, which can be grown in a submerged culture.
  • the fungal biomass may be in the form of single hyphae, spores, aggregates of mycelium, and partly differentiated mycelium.
  • the liquid growth medium may be any of the liquid growth media described herein below.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprised in the kit of parts according to the present invention may be in solid or liquid form.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent is selected from the group consisting of: an agent selected from an oligosaccharide, a polysaccharide and an optionally glycosylated polypeptide.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent is a polysaccharide.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent is an oligosaccharide.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent is an optionally glycosylated polypeptide.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent is a homopolymer
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent is a heteropolymer
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of an optionally glycosylated peptide.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of a polypeptide
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of an oligonucleotide
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of a polynucleotide.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of a lipid.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of a fatty acid.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of fatty acid esters.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of secondary metabolite(s), such as steroids, shikimic acids, alkaloids and benzodiazepins.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent is a polysaccharide, such as a polysaccharide having a molar ratio of galactose:mannose:glucose of 1:10 to 20:30 to 50, such as 1:12 to 18:35 to 45; for example 1:14 to 16:38 to 42, such as 1:about 15:about 40, for example 1:15:40.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent may in one embodiment comprise one or more polypeptides and/or a mixture of polysaccharides, wherein the majority of the polysaccharides of the composition has a molecular weight of at least 10,000 Da and wherein said one or more polypeptides and/or said mixture of polysaccharides comprises the monosaccharides galactose, mannose and glucose in the ratio (galactose:mannose:glucose) of 1:0 to 25:1 to 50, such as 1:10 to 20:30 to 50, such as 1:12 to 18:35 to 45; for example 1:14 to 16:38 to 42, such as 1: about 15:about 40, for example 1:15:40.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent according to the present invention has a molar ratio of galactose:mannose:glucose of 1:0.5 to 5:6 to 12, such as 1:1 to 4:7 to 11; for example 1:1.5 to 3.5:7.5 to 10, such as 1:2.0 to 3.0:7.5 to 9.5, for example 1:2.2 to 2.8:8.0 to 9.0, such as 1:about 2.5:8.0 to 9.0, for example 1:2.5:8.0 to 9.0, such as 1:2.5:8.6.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent according to the present invention can comprise one or more polypeptides and/or a mixture of polysaccharides, wherein the majority of the polysaccharides of the composition has a molecular weight of at least 10,000 Da and wherein said one or more polysaccharides and/or said mixture of polysaccharides comprises the monosaccharides galactose, mannose and glucose in the ratio (galactose:mannose:glucose) of 1:0 to 25:1 to 50, for example 1:0.5 to 5:6 to 12, such as 1:1 to 4:7 to 11; for example 1:1.5 to 3.5:7.5 to 10, such as 1:2.0 to 3.0:7.5 to 9.5, for example 1:2.2 to 2.8:8.0 to 9.0, such as 1:about 2.5:8.0 to 9.0, for example 1:2.5:8.0 to 9.0, such as 1:2.5:8.6.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the (1-4)-alpha D glucan and/or (1-6)-beta-D-glucan described by Fujimiya et al., (“Selective Tumoricial effect of soluble proteoglucan extracted from the basidiomycete, Agaricus blazei Murill, mediated via natural killer cell activation and apoptosis, Cancer Immunol Immunother (1998) 46: 147-159) (2)
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the soluble beta-(1-6)-glucans described by Fujimiya et al., (“Peroral effect on tumour progression of soluble beta-(1,6)-glucans prepared by acid treatment from Agaricus blazei .
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of any of the following compounds described by Smith et al., (“Medicinal mushrooms: their therapeutic properties and current medical usage with special emphasis on cancer treatments.”, downloadable from http://sci.cancerresearchuk.orq/labs/med_mush/med_mush.html): FI 1 -a-beta (beta-glucan from the fruiting body), FIII2-beta (beta glucan-protein from the fruiting body), FA-1a-beta (hetero-beta glucan from the fruiting body), FA-2b-beta (RNA from the fruiting body), FV-1 (insoluble beta-glucan from the fruiting body), ATOM (glucomannan-protein, isolated from submerged cultured mycelial biomass), AB-FP (mannan protein, isolated from the
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the beta-(1-6)-D: -glucan described by Kobayashi et al., (“Suppressing effects of daily oral supplementation of beta-glucan extracted from Agaricus blazei Murill on spontaneous and peritoneal disseminated metastasis in mouse model”, J Cancer Res Clin Oncol.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the HM3-G (molecular mass 380 kDa), mainly (1-4)-alpha D glucan with (1-6)-beta branching, described by Fujimiya et al., (“Selective Tumoricial effect of soluble proteoglucan extracted from the basidiomycete, Agaricus blazei Murill, mediated via natural killer cell activation and apoptosis, Cancer Immunol Immunother (1998) 46: 147-159).
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of Glucomannan with a main chain of beta-1,2-linked D-mannopyranosyl residues and beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues as a side chain described by Mizuno et al. (“Anti-tumor polysaccharide from the mycelium of liquid-cultured Agaricus blazei mill”, Biochem Mol Biol Int.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the polysaccharide fraction prepared using cold or hot NaOH extraction described by Ohno et al., (Antitumor beta glucan from the cultured fruit body of Agaricus blazei . Biol Pharm Bull. 2001 July; 24(7):820-8).
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Glucomannan with a main chain of beta-1,2-linked D-mannopyranosyl residues and beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues as a side chain described by Mizuno et al. (“Anti-tumor polysaccharide from the mycelium of liquid-cultured Agaricus blazei mill”, Biochem Mol Biol Int.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the alpha-1,4-glucan-beta-1,6-glucan complex with an average molecular weight of 20 kDa described by Fujimiya et al., (Tumor-specific cytocidal and immunopotentiating effects of relatively low molecular weight products derived from the basidiomycete, Agaricus blazei Murill. Anticancer Res.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the complex of alpha-1,6- and alpha-1,4-glucan described by Mizuno et al., (Polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei stimulate lymphocyte T-cell subsets in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1998 March; 62(3):434-7) (11)
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the ergosterol described by Takaku et al., (Isolation of an antitumor compound from Agaricus blazei Murill and its mechanism of action. J Nutr.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of ATOM (glucomannan-protein, isolated from submerged cultured mycelial biomass) described by Ito et al., “Antitumour effects of a new polysaccharide-protein complex (ATOM) prepared from Agaricus blazei (Iwade strain 101) “Himematsutake” and its mechanisms in tumor-bearing mice”, Anticancer research 17:277-284 (1997)
  • ATOM polysaccharide-protein complex
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the FIII-2-b ((1-6)-beta-D-glucan complex) described by Kawagishi et al. (“Formolysis of a potent antitumor (1-6)-beta-D-glucan-protein complex from Agaricus blazei fruiting bodies and antitumor activity of the resulting products. Carbohydr polymers 12:393-403, 1990)
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Isoflavone-beta-D-glucan, produced by culturing Agaricus blazei mycelia in isoflavone-containing liquid medium described in US2005069989.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Glucomannan having a mannose chain of ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 bonds as its primary chain described in JP 11080206.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the polysaccharide described by Fan et al., “Production of polysaccharide by culinary-medicinal mushroom Agaricus brasiliensis S Wasser et al. LPB 03 (Agaricomycetideae) in submerged fermentation and its antitumor effect”, International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 2003), 5(1), 17-23.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Linoleic acid; and/or 13-hydroxy cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic acid (13ZE-LOH) described in “Fruit body of a basidiomycete Agaricus -Blazei”, Yakugaku Zasshi-Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 1994 (18)
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Ab-FP described by Liu et al., (“Fractionation of extracellular polysaccharide from Agaricus blazei murill and its antitumor activity”, Shipin Yu Fajiao Gongye (2001), 27(11), 27-29;) (19)
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Glucan-protein complex described by Gonzaga et al., (“Isolation and characterisation of polysaccharides from
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Ap-MP (water-soluble mycelia polysaccharide) described by Liu et al., “Study on antitumor activity of Agaricus blazei”.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the 1SY16 described by Lee et al. (“1SY16 isolated from Agaricus blazei Murill K as a potent multipotential chemopreventative agent”, Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 2004, Vol 13, Iss 11, p 1861S).
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Sodium pyroglutamate described by Kimura et al. (“Isolation of an anti-angiogenic substance from Agaricus blazei Murill: Its antitumor and antimetastatic actions”, Cancer Science 2004, Vol 95, Iss 9, p758-764).
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Blazeispirane derivatives described by Hirotani et al., (“Blazeispirane and protoblazeispirane derivatives from the cultured mycelia of the fungus Agaricus blazei ”, Phytochemistry 2002, Vol.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of any of the basidiolipids BI-1, BI-2, BI-3 or BI-4 as described by Jennemann et al., “Novel glycoinositolphosphosphingolipds, basidiolipds, from Agaricus ”, Eur. J. Biochem. 259, 331-338 (1999).
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent is a composition comprising one or more polypeptides and a mixture of polysaccharides, wherein the majority of the polysaccharides of the composition has a molecular weight of at least 10,000 Da and wherein said mixture of polysaccharides comprises the monosaccharides galactose, mannose and glucose in the ratio 1:0 to 25:1 to 50.
  • the compound may be Beta-(1-3)-D-glucan, Beta-(1-4)-a-D-glucan or Beta—(1-6)-D-glucan.
  • the bioactive agent can be obtained from the extracellular medium after having been subjected to at least one further method step selected from a purification step or a precipitation step, such as precipitation by mixing the extracellular medium with an alcohol.
  • the mycelium is removed from the liquid growth medium prior to the isolation of the bioactive agent.
  • the fungal mycelium can be removed e.g. by filtration or centrifugation.
  • the bioactive agent can also be precipitated by ultracentrifugation.
  • the bioactive agent can be size fractionated prior to precipitation or centrifugation and the bioactive agent can be further purified by one or more steps involving washing, desalting, size fractionation, and affinity chromatography, such as ion-exchange chromatography.
  • affinity chromatography such as ion-exchange chromatography.
  • the bioactive agent is further purified by washing and ion-exchange chromatography.
  • the precipitated immune stimulating agent can also be further purified by size exclusion chromatography or gel filtration.
  • the bioactive agent isolatable from the liquid growth medium is also produced intracellularly in said Basidiomycete sp.
  • the bioactive agent isolatable from the liquid growth medium can be immunologically distinct from an intracellularly produced bioactive variant of the agent having essentially the same activity.
  • the liquid growth medium can comprise one or more of malt extract, yeast extract, peptone, glucose, sucrose, salts providing phosphate, magnesium and potassium, corn-steep liquor and vitamins, such as thiamine.
  • the liquid growth medium comprises malt extract, yeast extract, peptone, and glucose.
  • the liquid growth medium is agitated and supplied with an oxygen source and the growth temperature is preferably in the range of from 23° C. to 32° C.
  • compositions according to the invention may be immune modulating, preferably, the compositions are immune stimulating.
  • the stimulation of the immune system can be demonstrated by e.g. increased antibody production, by activation of helper T-cells, or by increased production of interleukins such as Interleukin 1 and Interleukin 2.
  • any assay known to the skilled person, which is suitable for testing whether a composition is immune modulating may be employed to test whether a composition of the present invention is immune modulating.
  • Such an assay may be an in vitro or an in vivo assay.
  • the composition according to the present invention is capable of inducing IL-1 production from at least one kind of 1L-1 producing cells in an in-vitro assay.
  • the cells may be any IL-1 producing cells, such as P388 mouse macrophage cells.
  • IL-1 production may be determined using any suitable assay.
  • assays involving the use of specific IL-1 antibodies, such as specific IL1- ⁇ and/or IL1-1 ⁇ antibodies are useful.
  • Such assays may for example be Western blotting, ELISA or similar assays.
  • the assay may be performed as described in example 4.
  • the assay is preferably performed using a specific composition as reference.
  • the composition is capable of inducing production of at least 1.5, preferably at least 2, such as at least 4, for example at least 6, such as at least 8, for example at least 10, such as at least 15, for example at least 20, such as at least 30, for example at least 40 times more IL1- ⁇ , than the amount of IL1- ⁇ induced using the commercially available Lentinan for injection (Eureka Bio-Chemicals Pty, Little Collins Street. Melbourne 3000, Australia) in a reference experiment performed in parallel.
  • the composition is capable of inducing production of at least 1.5, preferably at least 2, such as at least 4, for example at least 6, such as at least 8, for example at least 10, such as at least 15, for example at least 20 times more IL1-11, than the amount of IL1-11 induced using Lentinan for injection from Eureka Biochemicals Pty. in a reference experiment performed in parallel.
  • the aforementioned assays are performed as described in example 4. It is most preferred that the composition induced production of both IL1 ⁇ and IL1 ⁇ as described above.
  • the composition is capable of enhancing antibody production in a mammal, when administered to said mammal.
  • the mammal may for example be a mouse, rat, rabbit or even a human being.
  • an assay is performed by administering the composition to a mammal prior to and simultaneously with administration of an antigen, optionally in the presence of an adjuvant.
  • the composition is administered in the range of 1 to 30 days, preferably in the range of 1 to 10 days, more preferably in the range of 1 to 3 days prior to administration of the antigen. Subsequently, antibody production in the mammal may be determined.
  • the composition is preferably capable of inducing production of at least 1.5, more preferably at least 2, even more preferably at least 2.5, such as at least 3, for example at least 4, such as 6 times more antibody compared to the amount of antibody produced without administration of the composition.
  • An example of such an assay is outlined in example 6.
  • composition is immune modulating in more than one assay system, such as in a combination of any of the assay systems described herein above.
  • Fujimiya et al. (“Selective Tumoricial effect of soluble proteoglucan extracted from the basidiomycete, Agaricus blazei Murill, mediated via natural killer cell activation and apoptosis, Cancer Immunol Immunother (1998) 46: 147-159); Mizuno et al. (“Anti-tumor polysaccharide from the mycelium of liquid-cultured Agaricus blazei mill”, Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1999 April; 47(4):707-14); Ohno et al., (Antitumor beta glucan from the cultured fruit body of Agaricus blazei . Biol Pharm Bull.
  • Mizuno et al. (“Anti-tumor polysaccharide from the mycelium of liquid-cultured Agaricus blazei mill”, Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1999 April; 47(4):707-14); Fujimiya et al., (Tumor-specific cytocidal and immunopotentiating effects of relatively low molecular weight products derived from the basidiomycete, Agaricus blazei Murill. Anticancer Res. 1999 January-February; 19(1A):113-8); Mizuno et al., (Polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei stimulate lymphocyte T-cell subsets in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem.
  • LPB 03 (Agaricomycetideae) in submerged fermentation and its antitumor effect”, International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 2003), 5(1), 17-23; “Fruit body of a basidiomycete Agaricus -Blazei”, Yakugaku Zasshi-Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 1994; Liu et al., (“Fractionation of extracellular polysaccharide from Agaricus blazei murill and its antitumor activity”, Shipin Yu Fajiao Gongye (2001), 27(11), 27-29;); Gonzaga et al., (“Isolation and characterisation of polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei Murill”, Carbohydrate polymers 2005, Vol.
  • the Agaricus species is produced in a liquid medium using submerged fermentation techniques.
  • the liquid growth medium may in one embodiment comprise one or more of malt extract, yeast extract, peptone, glucose, sucrose, salts providing phosphate, magnesium and potassium, corn-steep liquor and vitamins, such as thiamine.
  • Agaricus may also be grown in a liquid growth medium comprising malt extract, yeast extract, peptone, and glucose.
  • the Agaricus may be grown in a liquid growth medium which is agitated and supplied with an oxygen source.
  • the Agaricus may be grown at a temperature in the range of from 23° C. to 32° C.
  • the Agaricus mycelium may be removed from the liquid growth medium prior to the isolation of the Agaricus bioactive agent.
  • the Agaricus fungal mycelium may be removed from the initial Agaricus culture by filtration or centrifugation.
  • any individual may be treated using the kit-of-parts according to the invention, for example in any of the uses or methods described herein.
  • said individual is a mammal, such as a human being.
  • the individual is immunocompromised.
  • said individual is elderly, such as 60-120 years old, for example 70-120 years old, such as 80-120 years old, for instance 90-120 years old.
  • said individual is 20-60 years old, such as 30-50 years old.
  • said individual is a child, such as from 0-20 years old, for example 0-15 years old, such as 0-10 years old, for example 0-5 years old, such as 0-1 years old, such as a newborn child less than 2 months old.
  • the compounds or salts thereof useful in the present invention may be administered as the raw chemical, it is preferred to present them in the form of a pharmaceutical composition.
  • the anti-cancer compound and Agaricus bioactive agent may be co-formulated as two separate pharmaceutical compositions.
  • the invention relates to the use of a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a mixture of at least two different Agaricus bioactive compounds and/or at least one or two anti-cancer medicaments.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may comprise any anti-cancer agent and/or Agaricus bioactive agent or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, vehicles and/or excipients.
  • Said composition may further optionally comprise transport molecules.
  • the transport molecules are primarily added in order to increase the half-life of the compound(s). Transport molecules act by having incorporated into or anchored to it the compound according to the invention.
  • transport molecules known to the skilled person may be used, such as liposomes, micelles, and/or microspheres.
  • liposomes are typically composed of phospholipids (neutral or negatively charged) and/or cholesterol.
  • the liposomes are vesicular structures based on lipid bilayers surrounding aqueous compartments. They can vary in their physiochemical properties such as size, lipid composition, surface charge and number and fluidity of the phospholipids bilayers.
  • lipid for liposome formation are: 1,2-Dilauroyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DLPC), 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DMPC), 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DSPC), 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DOPC), 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine (DMPE), 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine (DPPE), 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphate
  • Long-circulating liposomes are characterized by their ability to extravasate at body sites where the permeability of the vascular wall is increased.
  • the most popular way to produce long circulating liposomes is to attach hydrophilic polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) covalently to the outer surface of the liposome.
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • lipids are: 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine-N-[Methoxy(Polyethylene glycol)-2000] (Ammonium Salt), 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine-N-[Methoxy(Polyethylene glycol)-5000] (Ammonium Salt), 1,2-Dioleoyl-3-Trimethylammonium-Propane (Chloride Salt) (DOTAP).
  • liposomes A variety of methods are available for preparing liposomes, as described in, e.g., Szoka et al., Ann. Rev. Biophys. Bioeng. 9:467 (1980), U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,235,871, 4,501,728 and 4,837,028, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • One method is described in example 9.
  • Another method produces multilamellar vesicles of heterogeneous sizes.
  • the vesicle-forming lipids are dissolved in a suitable organic solvent or solvent system and dried under vacuum or an inert gas to form a thin lipid film.
  • the film may be redissolved in a suitable solvent, such as tertiary butanol, and then lyophilized to form a more homogeneous lipid mixture which is in a more easily hydrated powder like form.
  • a suitable solvent such as tertiary butanol
  • This film is covered with an aqueous solution of the targeted drug and the targeting component and allowed to hydrate, typically over a 15-60 minute period with agitation.
  • the size distribution of the resulting multilamellar vesicles can be shifted toward smaller sizes by hydrating the lipids under more vigorous agitation conditions or by adding solubilizing detergents such as deoxycholate.
  • the liposome suspension may include lipid-protective agents which protect lipids against free-radical and lipid-peroxidative damages on storage. Lipophilic free-radical quenchers, such as alpha-tocopherol and water-soluble iron-specific chelators, such as ferrioxianine, are preferred.
  • Micelles are formed by surfactants (molecules that contain a hydrophobic portion and one or more ionic or otherwise strongly hydrophilic groups) in aqueous solution. As the concentration of a solid surfactant increases, its monolayers adsorbed at the air/water or glass/water interfaces become so tightly packed that further occupancy requires excessive compression of the surfactant molecules already in the two monolayers. Further increments in the amount of dissolved surfactant beyond that concentration cause amounts equivalent to the new molecules to aggregate into micelles. This process begins at a characteristic concentration called “critical micelle concentration”.
  • the shape of micelles formed in dilute surfactant solutions is approximately spherical.
  • the polar head groups of the surfactant molecules are arranged in an outer spherical shell whereas their hydrocarbon chains are oriented toward the center, forming a spherical core for the micelle.
  • the hydrocarbon chains are randomly coiled and entangled and the micellar interior has a nonpolar, liquid-like character.
  • the micelles of polyoxyethylated non-ionic detergents the polyoxyethlene moieties are oriented outward and permeated by water.
  • the size of a micelle or its aggregation number is governed largely by geometric factors.
  • the radius of the hydrocarbon core cannot exceed the length of the extended hydrocarbon chain of the surfactant molecule. Therefore, increasing the chain length or ascending homologous series increases the aggregation number of spherical micelles. If the surfactant concentration is increased beyond a few percent and if electrolytes are added (in the case of ionic surfactants) or the temperature is raised (in the case of non-ionic surfactants), the micelles increase in size. Under these conditions, the micelles are too large to remain spherical and become ellipsoidal, cylindrical or finally lamellar in shape.
  • Suitable surfactants include sodium laureate, sodium oleate, sodium lauryl sulfate, octaoxyethylene glycol monododecyl ether, octoxynol 9 and PLURONIC F-127 (Wyandotte Chemicals Corp.).
  • Preferred surfactants are nonionic polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene detergents compatible with IV injection such as, TWEEN-80., PLURONIC F-68., n-octyl-.beta.-D-glucopyranoside, and the like.
  • phospholipids such as those described for use in the production of liposomes, may also be used for micelle formation.
  • the compounds of the present invention are formulated as described in the literature for an administration route selected from: buccal delivery, sublingual delivery, transdermal delivery, inhalation and needle-free injection, such as using the methods developed by Powderjet.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be formulated as using methods known to those skilled in the art, for example an aerosol, dry powder or solubilized such as in micro droplets, preferably in a device intended for such delivery (such as commercially available from Aradigm, Alkerme or Nektar).
  • compositions of the present invention may contain a physiologically tolerable carrier together with at least one compound according to the present invention, dissolved or dispersed therein as an active ingredient.
  • compositions, carriers, diluents and reagents are used interchangeably and represent that the materials are capable of administration to or upon a human without the production of undesirable physiological effects such as nausea, dizziness, gastric upset and the like.
  • compositions that contains active ingredients dissolved or dispersed therein are well understood in the art.
  • compositions are prepared as sterile injectables either as liquid solutions or suspensions, aqueous or non-aqueous, however, solid forms suitable for solution, or suspensions, in liquid prior to use can also be prepared.
  • the preparation can also be emulsified.
  • the active ingredient can be mixed with excipients which are pharmaceutically acceptable and compatible with the active ingredient and in amounts suitable for use in the therapeutic methods described herein.
  • Suitable excipients are, for example, water, saline, dextrose, glycerol, ethanol or the like and combinations thereof.
  • the composition can contain minor amounts of auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents and the like which enhance the effectiveness of the active ingredient. It is preferred that the formulation has a pH within the range of 3.5-8, such as in the range 4.5-7.5, such as in the range 5.5-7, such as in the range 6-7.5, most preferably around 7.3.
  • the pH range may be adjusted according to the individual treated and the administration procedure.
  • the formulation has a pH within the range 3.5-7, such as 4-6, such as 5-6, such as 5.3-5.7, such as 5.5.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can include pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds therein. These salts will be ones which are acceptable in their application to a pharmaceutical use. By that it is meant that the salt will retain the biological activity of the parent compound and the salt will not have untoward or deleterious effects in its application and use in treating diseases.
  • compositions are prepared in a standard manner. If the parent compound is a base it is treated with an excess of an organic or inorganic acid in a suitable solvent. If the parent compound is an acid, it is treated with an inorganic or organic base in a suitable solvent.
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered in the form of an alkali metal or earth alkali metal salt thereof, concurrently, simultaneously, or together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, especially and preferably in the form of a pharmaceutical composition thereof, whether by e.g. oral, rectal, or parenteral (including subcutaneous) route, in an effective amount.
  • Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts for use in the present inventive pharmaceutical composition include those derived from mineral acids, such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, phosphoric, metaphosphoric, nitric and sulfuric acids, and organic acids, such as tartaric, acetic, citric, malic, lactic, fumaric, benzoic, glycolic, gluconic, succinic, p-toluenesulphonic acids, and arylsulphonic, for example.
  • mineral acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, phosphoric, metaphosphoric, nitric and sulfuric acids
  • organic acids such as tartaric, acetic, citric, malic, lactic, fumaric, benzoic, glycolic, gluconic, succinic, p-toluenesulphonic acids, and arylsulphonic, for example.
  • suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the acid addition salts (formed with the free amino groups of the polypeptide).
  • Other examples of salts include pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts, pharmaceutically acceptable metal salts, ammonium salts and alkylated ammonium salts.
  • Acid addition salts include salts of inorganic acids as well as organic acids. Representative examples of suitable inorganic acids include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydriodic, phosphoric, sulpfuric and nitric acids and the like.
  • Suitable organic acids include formic, acetic, trichloroacetic, trifluoroacetic, propionic, benzoic, cinnamic, citric, fumaric, glycolic, lactic, maleic, malic, malonic, mandelic, oxalic, picric, pyruvic, salicylic, succinic, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, tartaric, ascorbic, pamoic, bismethylene salicylic, ethanedisulfonic, gluconic, citraconic, aspartic, stearic, palmitic, ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA), p-aminobenzoic, glutamic, benzenesulfonic and ptoluenesulfonic acids and the like.
  • EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic
  • ammonium and alkylated ammonium salts include ammonium, methylammonium, dimethylammonium, trimethylammonium, ethylammonium, hydroxyethylammonium, diethylammonium, butylammonium and tetramethylammonium salts and the like.
  • Salts formed with the free carboxyl groups can also be derived from inorganic bases such as, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium or ferric hydroxides, and such organic bases as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, 2-ethylamino ethanol, histidine, procaine and the like.
  • inorganic bases such as, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium or ferric hydroxides
  • organic bases such as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, 2-ethylamino ethanol, histidine, procaine and the like.
  • solutions of the present compounds in sterile aqueous solution aqueous propylene glycol or sesame or peanut oil may be employed.
  • aqueous solutions should be suitably buffered if necessary, and the liquid diluent first rendered isotonic with sufficient saline or glucose.
  • the aqueous solutions are particularly suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration.
  • the sterile aqueous media employed are all readily available by standard techniques known to those skilled in the art.
  • Liquid compositions can also contain liquid phases in addition to and to the exclusion of water.
  • additional liquid phases are glycerin, vegetable oils such as cottonseed oil, organic esters such as ethyl oleate, and water-oil emulsions.
  • Suitable pharmaceutical carriers include inert solid diluents or fillers, sterile aqueous solution and various organic solvents.
  • solid carriers are lactose, terra alba, sucrose, cyclodextrin, talc, gelatine, agar, pectin, acacia, magnesium stearate, stearic acid or lower alkyl ethers of cellulose.
  • liquid carriers are syrup, peanut oil, olive oil, phospholipids, fatty acids, fatty acid amines, polyoxyethylene or water.
  • Administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation formulations may be prepared, for example, as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, employing fluorocarbons, and/or employing other solubilizing or dispersing agents.
  • compositions formed by combining the compounds of the invention and the pharmaceutical acceptable carriers are then readily administered in a variety, of dosage forms suitable for the disclosed routes of administration.
  • the formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form by methods known in the art of pharmacy.
  • the formulation comprises the compound or salt(s) thereof as a lyophilisate and the formulation further comprises a solvent, said lyophilisate and said solvent being in separate compartments until administration.
  • kits-of-parts do not have to be administered concurrently, however in one preferred embodiment the anti-cancer medicament is administered simultaneously with the administration of the Agaricus bioactive agent, such as in a co-formulation. In another preferred embodiment, the anti-cancer medicament and the bioactive agent are administered sequentially, in any order, such as first the Agaricus bioactive agent and then the anti-cancer medicament.
  • the medicament and/or agent are administered subcutaneously.
  • the medicament and/or agent are administered nasally.
  • the medicament and/or agent are administered via the pulmonary route, such as via aerosol administration.
  • the medicament and/or agent are administered via parenteral administration.
  • said medicament and/or agent are administered orally.
  • said medicament and/or agent are administered topically.
  • said medicament and/or agent are co-formulated in a composition.
  • kit-of-parts according to the present invention may comprise two or more administration types, but co-formulation or at least the same administration route is preferred for all the elements in the kit-of-parts.
  • the Agaricus agent and/or anti-cancer medicament is administered as a bolus, wherein the administration form may be any suitable parenteral form.
  • the Agaricus agent and/or anti-cancer medicament is administered subcutaneously in a bolus.
  • compositions for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous and non-aqueous injectable solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions, as well as sterile powders to be reconstituted in sterile injectable solutions or dispersions prior to use.
  • Suitable administration forms include suppositories, sprays, ointments, cremes, gels, inhalants, dermal patches, implants, pills, tablets, lozenges and capsules.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be formulated for nasal administration.
  • the solutions or suspensions are applied directly to the nasal cavity by conventional means, for example with a dropper, pipette or spray.
  • the compositions may be provided in a single or multidose form. In the latter case of a dropper or pipette this may be achieved by the patient administering an appropriate, predetermined volume of the solution or suspension. In the case of a spray this may be achieved for example by means of a metering atomizing spray pump.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be formulated for aerosol administration, particularly to the respiratory tract and including intranasal administration.
  • the compound will generally have a small particle size for example of the order of 5 microns or less. Such a particle size may be obtained by means known in the art, for example by micronization.
  • the active ingredient is provided in a pressurized pack with a suitable propellant such as a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) for example dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, or dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas.
  • CFC chlorofluorocarbon
  • the aerosol may conveniently also contain a surfactant such as lecithin.
  • the dose of drug may be controlled by a metered valve.
  • the active ingredients may be provided in a form of a dry powder, for example a powder mix of the compound in a suitable powder base such as lactose, starch, starch derivatives such as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP).
  • a suitable powder base such as lactose, starch, starch derivatives such as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP).
  • the powder carrier will form a gel in the nasal cavity.
  • the powder composition may be presented in unit dose form for example in capsules or cartridges of e.g., gelatin or blister packs from which the powder may be administered by means of an inhaler.
  • compositions administered by aerosols may be prepared, for example, as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, employing fluorocarbons, and/or employing other solubilizing or dispersing agents.
  • compositions for Oral Administration are provided.
  • compositions and dosage forms may comprise the compounds of the invention or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a crystal form thereof as the active component.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be either solid or liquid. Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, pills, capsules, cachets, suppositories, and dispersible granules.
  • a solid carrier can be one or more substances which may also act as diluents, flavouring agents, solubilizers, lubricants, suspending agents, binders, preservatives, wetting agents, tablet disintegrating agents, or an encapsulating material.
  • the composition will be about 0.5% to 75% by weight of a compound or compounds of the invention, with the remainder consisting of suitable pharmaceutical excipients.
  • suitable pharmaceutical excipients include pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharine, talcum, cellulose, glucose, gelatin, sucrose, magnesium carbonate, and the like.
  • the carrier is a finely divided solid which is a mixture with the finely divided active component.
  • the active component is mixed with the carrier having the necessary binding capacity in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired.
  • the powders and tablets preferably containing from one to about seventy percent of the active compound.
  • Suitable carriers are magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, a low melting wax, cocoa butter, and the like.
  • preparation is intended to include the composition of the active compound with encapsulating material as carrier providing a capsule in which the active component, with or without carriers, is surrounded by a carrier, which is in association with it.
  • carrier which is in association with it.
  • cachets and lozenges are included. Tablets, powders, capsules, pills, cachets, and lozenges can be as solid forms suitable for oral administration.
  • Drops according to the present invention may comprise sterile or non-sterile aqueous or oil solutions or suspensions, and may be prepared by dissolving the active ingredient in a suitable aqueous solution, optionally including a bactericidal and/or fungicidal agent and/or any other suitable preservative, and optionally including a surface active agent.
  • a suitable aqueous solution optionally including a bactericidal and/or fungicidal agent and/or any other suitable preservative, and optionally including a surface active agent.
  • the resulting solution may then be clarified by filtration, transferred to a suitable container which is then sealed and sterilized by autoclaving or maintaining at 98-100° C. for half an hour.
  • the solution may be sterilized by filtration and transferred to the container aseptically.
  • bactericidal and fungicidal agents suitable for inclusion in the drops are phenylmercuric nitrate or acetate (0.002%), benzalkonium chloride (0.01%) and chlorhexidine acetate (0.01%).
  • Suitable solvents for the preparation of an oily solution include glycerol, diluted alcohol and propylene glycol.
  • solid form preparations which are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for oral administration.
  • liquid forms include solutions, suspensions, and emulsions.
  • These preparations may contain, in addition to the active component, colorants, flavours, stabilizers, buffers, artificial and natural sweeteners, dispersants, thickeners, solubilizing agents, and the like.
  • liquid form preparations including emulsions, syrups, elixirs, aqueous solutions, aqueous suspensions, toothpaste, gel dentifrice, chewing gum, or solid form preparations which are intended to be converted shortly before use to liquid form preparations.
  • Emulsions may be prepared in solutions in aqueous propylene glycol solutions or may contain emulsifying agents such as lecithin, sorbitan monooleate, or acacia.
  • Aqueous solutions can be prepared by dissolving the active component in water and adding suitable colorants, flavours, stabilizing and thickening agents.
  • Aqueous suspensions can be prepared by dispersing the finely divided active component in water with viscous material, such as natural or synthetic gums, resins, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and other well known suspending agents.
  • Solid form preparations include solutions, suspensions, and emulsions, and may contain, in addition to the active component, colorants, flavours, stabilizers, buffers, artificial and natural sweeteners, dispersants, thickeners, solubilizing agents, and the like.
  • compositions for Parenteral Administration are provided.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be formulated for parenteral administration (e.g., by injection, for example bolus injection or continuous infusion) and may be presented in unit dose form in ampoules, pre-filled syringes, small volume infusion or in multi-dose containers with an added preservative.
  • the compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions, or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, for example solutions in aqueous polyethylene glycol.
  • oily or nonaqueous carriers, diluents, solvents or vehicles examples include propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils (e.g., olive oil), and injectable organic esters (e.g., ethyl oleate), and may contain formulatory agents such as preserving, wetting, emulsifying or suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents.
  • the active ingredient may be in powder form, obtained by aseptic isolation of sterile solid or by lyophilisation from solution for constitution before use with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile, pyrogen-free water.
  • Aqueous solutions should be suitably buffered if necessary, and the liquid diluent first rendered isotonic with sufficient saline or glucose.
  • the aqueous solutions are particularly suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration.
  • the sterile aqueous media employed are all readily available by standard techniques known to those skilled in the art.
  • compositions for intravenous or intra-arterial administration may include sterile aqueous solutions that may also contain buffers, liposomes, diluents and other suitable additives.
  • Oils useful in parenteral compositions include petroleum, animal, vegetable, or synthetic oils. Specific examples of oils useful in such compositions include peanut, soybean, sesame, cottonseed, corn, olive, petrolatum, and mineral. Suitable fatty acids for use in parenteral compositions include oleic acid, stearic acid, and isostearic acid. Ethyl oleate and isopropyl myristate are examples of suitable fatty acid esters.
  • Suitable soaps for use in parenteral compositions include fatty alkali metal, ammonium, and triethanolamine salts
  • suitable detergents include (a) cationic detergents such as, for example, dimethyl dialkyl ammonium halides, and alkyl pyridinium halides; (b) anionic detergents such as, for example, alkyl, aryl, and olefin sulfonates, alkyl, olefin, ether, and monoglyceride sulfates, and sulfosuccinates, (c) nonionic detergents such as, for example, fatty amine oxides, fatty acid alkanolamides, and polyoxyethylenepolypropylene copolymers, (d) amphoteric detergents such as, for example, alkyl-.beta.-aminopropionates, and 2-alkyl-imidazoline quaternary ammonium salts, and (e) mixtures thereof.
  • compositions typically will contain from about 0.5 to about 25% by weight of the active ingredient in solution. Preservatives and buffers may be used. In order to minimize or eliminate irritation at the site of injection, such compositions may contain one or more nonionic surfactants having a hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) of from about 12 to about 17. The quantity of surfactant in such compositions will typically range from about 5 to about 15% by weight. Suitable surfactants include polyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, such as sorbitan monooleate and the high molecular weight adducts of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base, formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol.
  • HLB hydrophile-lipophile balance
  • parenteral compositions can be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose sealed containers, such as ampules and vials, and can be stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid excipient, for example, water, for injections, immediately prior to use.
  • sterile liquid excipient for example, water
  • Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions can be prepared from sterile powders, granules, and tablets of the kind previously described.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage forms suitable for injection or infusion can include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions comprising the active ingredient that are adapted for administration by encapsulation in liposomes. In all cases, the ultimate dosage form must be sterile, fluid and stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage.
  • Sterile injectable solutions are prepared by incorporating the compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the required amount in the appropriate solvent with various of the other ingredients enumerated above, as required, followed by filter sterilization.
  • compositions for Topical Administration are Compositions for Topical Administration
  • Regions for topical administration include the skin surface and also mucous membrane tissues of the rectum, nose, mouth, and throat. Compositions for topical administration via the skin and mucous membranes should not give rise to signs of irritation, such as swelling or redness.
  • the topical composition may include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier adapted for topical administration.
  • the composition may take the form of a suspension, solution, ointment, lotion, cream, foam, aerosol, spray, suppository, implant, inhalant, tablet, capsule, dry powder, syrup, balm or lozenge, for example. Methods for preparing such compositions are well known in the pharmaceutical industry.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be formulated for topical administration to the epidermis as ointments, creams or lotions, or as a transdermal patch.
  • Ointments and creams may, for example, be formulated with an aqueous or oily base with the addition of suitable thickening and/or gelling agents.
  • Lotions may be formulated with an aqueous or oily base and will in general also containing one or more emulsifying agents, stabilizing agents, dispersing agents, suspending agents, thickening agents, or coloring agents.
  • compositions suitable for topical administration in the mouth include lozenges comprising active agents in a flavoured base, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth; pastilles comprising the active ingredient in an inert base such as gelatin and glycerin or sucrose and acacia; and mouthwashes comprising the active ingredient in a suitable liquid carrier.
  • Creams, ointments or pastes according to the present invention are semi-solid compositions of the active ingredient for external application. They may be made by mixing the active ingredient in finely-divided or powdered form, alone or in solution or suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous fluid, with the aid of suitable machinery, with a greasy or non-greasy base.
  • the base may comprise hydrocarbons such as hard, soft or liquid paraffin, glycerol, beeswax, a metallic soap; a mucilage; an oil of natural origin such as almond, corn, arachis, castor or olive oil; wool fat or its derivatives or a fatty acid such as steric or oleic acid together with an alcohol such as propylene glycol or a macrogel.
  • the composition may incorporate any suitable surface active agent such as an anionic, cationic or non-ionic surfactant such as a sorbitan ester or a polyoxyethylene derivative thereof.
  • Suspending agents such as natural gums, cellulose derivatives or inorganic materials such as silicaceous silicas, and other ingredients such as lanolin, may also be included.
  • Lotions according to the present invention include those suitable for application to the skin or eye.
  • An eye lotion may comprise a sterile aqueous solution optionally containing a bactericide and may be prepared by methods similar to those for the preparation of drops.
  • Lotions or liniments for application to the skin may also include an agent to hasten drying and to cool the skin, such as an alcohol or acetone, and/or a moisturizer such as glycerol or an oil such as castor oil or arachis oil.
  • Transdermal administration typically involves the delivery of a pharmaceutical agent for percutaneous passage of the drug into the systemic circulation of the patient.
  • the skin sites include anatomic regions for transdermally administering the drug and include the forearm, abdomen, chest, back, buttock, mastoidal area, and the like.
  • Transdermal delivery is accomplished by exposing a source of the complex to a patient's skin for an extended period of time.
  • Transdermal patches have the added advantage of providing controlled delivery of a pharmaceutical agent-chemical modifier complex to the body. See Transdermal Drug Delivery: Developmental Issues and Research Initiatives, Hadgraft and Guy (eds.), Marcel Dekker, Inc., (1989); Controlled Drug Delivery: Fundamentals and Applications, Robinson and Lee (eds.), Marcel Dekker Inc., (1987); and Transdermal Delivery of Drugs, Vols. 1-3, Kydonieus and Berner (eds.), CRC Press, (1987).
  • Such dosage forms can be made by dissolving, dispersing, or otherwise incorporating the pharmaceutical agent-chemical modifier complex in a proper medium, such as an elastomeric matrix material.
  • Absorption enhancers can also be used to increase the flux of the compound across the skin. The rate of such flux can be controlled by either providing a rate-controlling membrane or dispersing the compound in a polymer matrix or gel.
  • a simple adhesive patch can be prepared from a backing material and an acrylate adhesive.
  • the compound(s) are formulated into the adhesive casting solution and allowed to mix thoroughly.
  • the solution is cast directly onto the backing material and the casting solvent is evaporated in an oven, leaving an adhesive film.
  • the release liner can be attached to complete the system.
  • a polyurethane matrix patch can be employed to deliver the compound(s).
  • the layers of this patch comprise a backing, a polyurethane drug/enhancer matrix, a membrane, an adhesive, and a release liner.
  • the polyurethane matrix is prepared using a room temperature curing polyurethane prepolymer. Addition of water, alcohol, and complex to the prepolymer results in the formation of a tacky firm elastomer that can be directly cast only the backing material.
  • a further embodiment of this invention will utilize a hydrogel matrix patch.
  • the hydrogel matrix will comprise alcohol, water, drug, and several hydrophilic polymers. This hydrogel matrix can be incorporated into a transdermal patch between the backing and the adhesive layer.
  • the liquid reservoir patch will also find use in the methods described herein.
  • This patch comprises an impermeable or semipermeable, heat sealable backing material, a heat sealable membrane, an acrylate based pressure sensitive skin adhesive, and a siliconized release liner.
  • the backing is heat sealed to the membrane to form a reservoir which can then be filled with a solution of the complex, enhancers, gelling agent, and other excipients.
  • Foam matrix patches are similar in design and components to the liquid reservoir system, except that the gelled compound solution is constrained in a thin foam layer, typically a polyurethane. This foam layer is situated between the backing and the membrane which have been heat sealed at the periphery of the patch.
  • the rate of release is typically controlled by a membrane placed between the reservoir and the skin, by diffusion from a monolithic device, or by the skin itself serving as a rate-controlling barrier in the delivery system. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,816,258; 4,927,408; 4,904,475; 4,588,580, 4,788,062; and the like.
  • the rate of drug delivery will be dependent, in part, upon the nature of the membrane. For example, the rate of drug delivery across membranes within the body is generally higher than across dermal barriers.
  • the rate at which the compound(s) is delivered from the device to the membrane is most advantageously controlled by the use of rate-limiting membranes which are placed between the reservoir and the skin. Assuming that the skin is sufficiently permeable to the compound (i.e., absorption through the skin is greater than the rate of passage through the membrane), the membrane will serve to control the dosage rate experienced by the patient.
  • Suitable permeable membrane materials may be selected based on the desired degree of permeability, the nature of the complex, and the mechanical considerations related to constructing the device.
  • Exemplary permeable membrane materials include a wide variety of natural and synthetic polymers, such as polydimethylsiloxanes (silicone rubbers), ethylenevinylacetate copolymer (EVA), polyurethanes, polyurethane-polyether copolymers, polyethylenes, polyamides, polyvinylchlorides (PVC), polypropylenes, polycarbonates, polytetrafluoroethylenes (PTFE), cellulosic materials, e.g., cellulose triacetate and cellulose nitrate/acetate, and hydrogels, e.g., 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA).
  • siloxanes silicone rubbers
  • EVA ethylenevinylacetate copolymer
  • PVC polyurethanes
  • polyurethane-polyether copolymers
  • compositions according to this invention may also include one or more preservatives or bacteriostatic agents, e.g., methyl hydroxybenzoate, propyl hydroxybenzoate, chlorocresol, benzalkonium chlorides, and the like.
  • preservatives or bacteriostatic agents e.g., methyl hydroxybenzoate, propyl hydroxybenzoate, chlorocresol, benzalkonium chlorides, and the like.
  • bacteriostatic agents e.g., methyl hydroxybenzoate, propyl hydroxybenzoate, chlorocresol, benzalkonium chlorides, and the like.
  • active ingredients such as antimicrobial agents, particularly antibiotics, anesthetics, analgesics, and antipruritic agents.
  • compositions for Administration as Suppositories are Compositions for Administration as Suppositories
  • the compounds of the present invention may be formulated for administration as suppositories.
  • a low melting wax such as a mixture of fatty acid glycerides or cocoa butter is first melted and the active component is dispersed homogeneously, for example, by stirring. The molten homogeneous mixture is then poured into convenient sized molds, allowed to cool, and to solidify.
  • the active compound may be formulated into a suppository comprising, for example, about 0.5% to about 50% of a compound of the invention, disposed in a polyethylene glycol (PEG) carrier (e.g., PEG 1000 [96%] and PEG 4000 [4%].
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • Suitable dosing regimens for the various compounds and methods of the present invention are preferably determined taking into account factors well known in the art including type of subject being dosed; age, weight, sex and medical condition of the subject; the route of administration; the renal and hepatic function of the subject; the desired effect; and the particular compound employed.
  • Optimal precision in achieving concentrations of drug within the range that yields efficacy without toxicity requires a regimen based on the kinetics of the drug's availability to target sites. This involves a consideration of the distribution, equilibrium, and elimination of a drug.
  • compositions of the invention may be administered using any suitable administration form; usually however, administration will be oral or parenteral. Oral administration in the form of a syrup comprising the composition and/or a capsule containing a syrup comprising the composition or in a powder form of the composition is preferred.
  • the dosage requirements will vary with the particular composition employed, the route of administration and the particular individual being treated. Ideally, an individual to be treated by the present method will receive a pharmaceutically effective amount of the compound in the maximum tolerated dose.
  • the daily (preferably oral) dosage regimen may be about 0.001 to about 100 mg/kg, preferably in the range of 0.01 to 50 mg/kg, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10, even more preferably in the range of 1 to 2 mg/kg of total body weight.
  • the optimal quantity and spacing of individual dosages of the composition will be determined by the nature and extent of the condition being treated, the form, route and site of administration, and the particular patient being treated, and that such optimums can be determined by conventional techniques.
  • the optimal course of treatment i.e., the number of doses of the composition given per day for a defined number of days, can be ascertained by those skilled in the art using conventional course of treatment determination tests.
  • kit according to the present invention comprises dosage regime instructions with guidelines for dose and time administration.
  • One aspect of the present invention relates to use of any of the anti-cancer medicaments described herein and any of the Agaricus bioactive agents described herein for the manufacture of a kit of parts suitable for administration to an individual in need thereof, preferably for treatment or prophylaxis of a neoplastic disease, such as any of the diseases described herein.
  • the Agaricus bioactive agent stimulates the immune system of an animal or a human when administered to said animal or human in a pharmaceutically active amount.
  • said agent is capable of stimulating in an individual in need of such stimulation, the production of one or more of antibodies, such as IgG, IgA, and IgE, T helper cells, interleukins, such as IL-1 and IL-2, interferon, such as IFN-gamma, natural killer cells, and macrophages.
  • any of the uses and products described herein may be used in a method for the treatment of a neoplastic disease in an individual, said method comprising the steps of
  • the concentration of bioactive agent in the fermentation liquor is determined by precipitation with abs ethanol. Sterile, distilled water is added if necessary to adjust the concentration to the desired level. The resulting liquid is autoclave and stored.
  • a UF filter having a suitable cut-off value, such as e.g. a cut-off value of 300 kD.
  • a suitable cut-off value such as e.g. a cut-off value of 300 kD.
  • the initial pH is 4.7, final pH is 3.
  • the final biomass concentration is about 7 g/l and precipitated compound is about 0.3 g/l, the monosaccharide composition of which is about 1:0.15:1:4 (glucose:galactose:mannose).
  • the fermentation liquid contains, after removal of biomass, no detectable free glucose,
  • This fermentation takes about 3 days. pH falls from 4.7 to 3.3 and the biomass concentration at the end of the fermentation is about 8 g/l.
  • the fermentation broth after removal of biomass, contains no detectable free glucose.
  • the precipitated product concentration is about 0.6 g/l.
  • the monosaccharide composition is about 1:0.1:0.65.
  • bioactive agent obtained by the method as described in example 1 has a bacteriostatic effect on E. coli K12.
  • the bacteriostatic effect of the bioactive agent was determined by measuring the cell-density of E. coli K12 cultures grown in Antibiotic assay medium 3 with different dilutions of the bioactive agent. A culture without the bioactive agent in the medium was used as control.
  • Cells were grown in a 50 ml conical flask at 34° C. for 26 h.
  • the dilutions of the bioactive agent in the growth medium were 1:10, 1:20 and 1:40.
  • the optical density was measured robotically every 2 h at 660 nm.
  • Results are shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the optical density significantly decreased in the cultures with a 1:10 and 1:20 dilution of the bioactive agent in the stationary phase (between 15 and 26 h).
  • the incubation with a 1:40 dilution of the bioactive agent does not lead to a significant decrease in optical density in comparison with the control.
  • the bioactive agent is shown to have a bacteriostatic effect on E. coli K 12.
  • the anti-tumor effect of the bioactive agent was determined by measuring the cell-viability of different human and mouse cell lines after exposure to different concentrations of Lentinex.
  • the MRC-5 cell line from normal human fetal lung fibroblasts was used as control.
  • Cells were grown in a 96 well dish to a sub confluent cell layer. The medium was removed and the cells washed with PBS. Fresh medium without the bioactive agent (negative control) or containing 0,1; 0,2; 0,3 or 0.4 mg/ml bioactive agent was added and cells were incubated for 24 h at 37° C.
  • a MTT-Assay which measures the activity of the mitochondrial succinate-dehydrogenase, was used to determine the cytotoxic effect of the bioactive agent.
  • this enzyme converts the yellow water-soluble 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium-bromide (MTT) to blue water-insoluble formazan, whereas there is no conversion in dead cells.
  • MTT yellow water-soluble 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium-bromide
  • Results are shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the number of viable cells was significantly decreased in all cancer cell lines after incubation with the bioactive agent for 24 h. This effect increased with the concentration of the bioactive agent in the medium. In all cancer cell lines, fewer than 50% of the cells were viable after incubation with 0.4 mg/ml bioactive agent for 24 h. The most severe effect of the bioactive agent was observed in the mouse colon cancer cell line C-26, where there were almost no viable cells after the incubation with 0.4 mg/ml bioactive agent for 24 h.
  • the bioactive agent is shown to have a cytotoxic effect specifically directed against cancer cells, and not normal cells.
  • the following method may be used: 12 weeks old Sprague Dawley rats receives 1 mg of the composition according to the invention in 0.5 ml 0.09 saline (i.p.) 2 days before the immunisation. Control animals receives 1 mg casein. The animals are immunised with BSA (0.5 mg) in 0.25 “Freunds Complete Adjuvant” and blood samples are obtained after 11 days for measurement of the antibody response. The specific anti-BSA antibody concentration is determined against an absolute standard of antibody BSA by means of “sandwich” ELISA.

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Abstract

In one aspect the present invention relates to pharmaceutical kits of parts suitable for treating neoplastic diseases such as cancer comprising an anti-cancer medicament, a Basidiomycete bioactive agent in solid or liquid form, and, optionally instructions for a dosing regime.

Description

  • All patent and non-patent references cited in the present application are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
    • TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to pharmaceutical kits of parts suitable for treating neoplastic diseases such as cancer.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Medicinal Mushrooms
  • Mushrooms have been used for medicinal purposes for centuries in many cultures. Several members of the Basidiomycete mushroom class, such as for e.g. members of the Agaricus mushroom family have been used for medicinal and health-related purposes.
  • A number of researchers have suggested anticancer, antitumour or antimutagenic properties of e.g. Agaricus mushrooms (Kimura, Y: In Vivo 2005, Vol 19, Iss 1, p37-60; Kim et al., Food Science and Biotechnology 2004, vol 13, Iss 6, p852; Kim et al., Food Science and Biotechnology 2004, vol 13, Iss 3, p 347-352; Guterrez et al., Texicology in Vitro 2004, Vol 18, lss 3, p 301-309; Ribeiro et al., Mutation Research Reviews in Mutation Research 2003, Vol 54, Iss 2-3, p 195.201; Pinheiro et al., Food and Chemical Toxicology 2003, Vol. 41, Iss 11, p 1543-1550; (Inhibiting tumour growth) Lee et al., Experimental Animals 2003, Vol. 52, p371-375; Luiz et al., Mutation research—Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 2003, Vol. 528, Iss 1-2, p 75-79; Bellini et al., Texicology in Vitro 2003, Vol 17, Iss 4, p465-469; Ashida et al., Food Factors in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 2003, Vol. 851, p235-248; (antigenotoxic effect) de Oliveira et al., Food and Chemical Toxicology 2002, Vol. 40, Iss 12, p1775-1780; Kuo et al., Journal of Laboratory and clinical medicine 2002, Vol. 140, Iss 3, p 176-187; Oshiman et al., Planta Medica 2002, Vol. 68, lss 7, p 610-614; Meloni et al., Mutation Research—Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 2001, Vol. 496, Iss 1-2, p 5-13; Osaki et al., Yakugaku Zasshi—Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 1994, Vol. 114, Iss 5, p342-350; Itoh et al., Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 1994, Vol. 66, Iss 2, p 265-271.; Ito et al., Anticancer Research 1997, Vol. 17, Iss 1A, p 277-284; Fujimiya et al., Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy 1998, Vol. 46, Iss 3, p 147-159; Fujimiya et al., Journal of the Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology—Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi 1998., Vol 45, Iss 4, p 246-252; Ebina et al., Biotherapy 1998, Vol. 11, Iss 4, p 259-265; Fujimiya et al., Anticancer Research 1999, Vol. 19, Iss 1A, p 113-118; Mizuno et al., Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International 1999, Vol. 47, Iss 4, p 707-717; Takaku et al., Journal of Nutrition 2001, Vol. 131, Iss 5, p 1409-1413; Ohno et al., Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2001, Vol. 24, Iss 7, p 820-828; Delmanto et al., Mutation Research—Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 2001, Vol. 496, Iss 1-2, p 15-21).
  • There is however a surprising paucity of epidemiologic and experimental studies that address the biologic activities of mushrooms after oral administration to animals or humans (Borchers et al., “Mushrooms, Tumors and Immunity: an update”, Experimental Biology and Medicine 229:393-406).
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical kit of parts comprising
      • a) an anti-cancer medicament,
      • b) a Basidiomycete bioactive agent in solid or liquid form, and, optionally
      • c) instructions for a dosage regime for said kits of parts.
  • In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method of treatment comprising the step of administering said pharmaceutical kit of parts simultaneously (optionally in a co-formulation) or sequentially according to a set dosage regime.
  • Another aspect of the present invention relates to use of a medicament, such as an anti-cancer medicament, and a Basidiomycete bioactive agent in solid or liquid form in the manufacture of a kit of parts for the treatment of an individual in need thereof, such as an individual suffering from, or at risk of suffering from, a neoplastic disease such as cancer.
  • Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for enhancing a therapeutic effect of an anti-cancer drug, comprising co-administering (simultaneously or in any order) with said anti-cancer drug (such as any of the anti-cancer drugs described herein) a Basidiomycete bioactive agent (such as any of the Basidiomycete bioactive agents described herein).
  • Bioactive agents produced by Agaricus sp. (any basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus agaricus of the family agaricaceae and the order agaricales and the subclass agaricomycetidae), Schizophyllum sp. (any basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus schizophyllum of the family schizophyllaceae and the order agaricales and the subclass agaricomycetidae), Lentinus sp. (any basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus lentinus of the family polyporaceae and the order polyporales and the subclass agaricomycetidae (L. edodes is also termed Lentinula edodes, which is placed in the family Marasmiaceae, in the order Agaricales and the subclass agaricomycetidae)), Trametes sp. (any basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus trametes of the family polyporaceae and the order polyporales and the subclass agaricomycetidae), Ganoderma sp. (any basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus ganoderma of the family ganodermataceae and the order polyporales and the subclass agaricomycetidae), and Grifola sp. (any basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus grifola of the family meripilaceae and the order polyporales and the subclass agaricomycetidae) are preferred in one embodiment of the present invention.
    • FIGURE LEGENDS
  • FIG. 1: bacteriostatic effect of different dilutions (1:10, 1:20 and 1:40) of the bioactive agent obtained by the method as described in example 1 on E. coli K12. A culture without the bioactive agent was used as control (Ref). The experiment is described in detail in Example 4.
  • FIG. 2: cancer-cell specific cytotoxicity of different concentrations of Lentinex—comprising an embodiment of the bioactive agent of the present invention—on 4 different human and mouse cancer cell lines. The MRC-5 cell line from normal human fetal lung fibroblasts was used as control. The experiment is described in detail in Example 5.
    •  DEFINITIONS
  • Mycelium: Mass of hyphae constituting the body (thallus) of the fungus. Agaricus sp.: A basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus agaricus of the family agaricaceae and the order agaricales and the subclass agaricomycetidae.
  • Schizophyllum sp.: A basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus schizophyllum of the family schizophyllaceae and the order agaricales and the subclass agaricomycetidae.
  • Lentinus sp.: A basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus lentinus of the family polyporaceae and the order polyporales and the subclass agaricomycetidae. L. edodes is also termed Lentinula edodes, which is placed in the family Marasmiaceae, in the order Agaricales and the subclass agaricomycetidae.
  • Trametes sp.: A basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus trametes of the family polyporaceae and the order polyporales and the subclass agaricomycetidae.
  • Ganoderma sp.: A basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus ganoderma of the family ganodermataceae and the order polyporales and the subclass agaricomycetidae.
  • Grifola sp.: A basidiomycetous fungal species of the genus grifola of the family meripilaceae and the order polyporales and the subclass agaricomycetidae.
  • Fruiting bodies or fruit bodies: Any one of a variety of complex, spore-bearing fungal structures.
  • Basidiomycete cell: A cell from a fungus of the class Basidiomycete of the Phylum Basidiomycota, wherein the cell can be derived from any part of the fungus, such as fruiting body, hyphae, spores and mycelium. The Basidiomycete cell can be a single hyphae, spores, aggregates of mycelium, or partly differentiated mycelium, or comprised in fungal mycelium.
  • Bioactive agent: Any agent, drug, compound, composition of matter or mixture which provides some pharmacologic, often beneficial, effect that can be demonstrated in-vivo or in vitro. As used herein, this term further includes any physiologically or pharmacologically active substance that produces a localized or systemic effect in a patient. Further examples of bioactive agents include, but are not limited to, agents comprising or consisting of an oligosaccharide, agents comprising or consisting of a polysaccharide, agents comprising or consisting of an optionally glycosylated peptide, agents comprising or consisting of an optionally glycosylated polypeptide, agents comprising or consisting of an oligonucleotide, agents comprising or consisting of a polynucleotide, agents comprising or consisting of a lipid, agents comprising or consisting of a fatty acid, agents comprising or consisting of a fatty acid ester and agents comprising or consisting of secondary metabolites.
  • Anti-cancer medicament: a medicament comprising an anti-cancer activity or anti-neoplastic activity, i.e. effective in treating or preventing a cancer. Often the efficacy is tested in a clinical trial to test whether a new treatment has an anti-cancer effect, for example, whether it shrinks a tumour or improves blood test results, and whether it works against a certain type of cancer.
  • Bioactive agents comprising an immune stimulating activity: Agents effective in the stimulation or restoration of the ability of the immune system to fight infection and disease. Also included are agents capable of reducing or eliminating any side effect(s) that may be caused by some cancer treatments.
  • Neoplasm: tissue composed of cells that grow in an abnormal way. Neoplasms may be benign or malignant (metastatic). Benign tumors remain localized as a discrete mass. A system has been devised to classify malignant tissue according to the degree of malignancy, from grade 1, barely malignant, to grade 4, highly malignant. One preferred neoplasm type treated is a cancer. An individual suffering from a neoplastic disease is defined as having at least one neoplasm. Neoplastic diseases as used herein includes any abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth (mitosis) that results in the production of a tumour (i.e. a neoplasm).
  • Kit of parts: a kit of parts as used in the present invention provides the Basidiomycete bioactive agent and anti-cancer medicament for administration in combination. By the phrase “in combination” with another substance(s) and/or therapeutic method(s) is meant herein the Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered to the individual thus treated before, during (including concurrently with
      • preferably co-formulated with) and/or after treatment of an individual with the anti-cancer medicament. The combined active substances may be used for simultaneous, sequential or separate administration. In all cases, it is preferred that any of the herein-mentioned medicaments and bioactive agents are administered in pharmaceutically effective amounts, i.e. an administration involving a total amount of each active component of the medicament or pharmaceutical composition or method that is sufficient to show a meaningful patient benefit. The formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form by methods known to those skilled in the art. It is preferred that the kit may for example contain the active compounds in dosage forms for administration. A dosage form contains a sufficient amount of one or more of the active compound(s) such that a desirable effect can be obtained when administered to a subject. Thus, it is preferred that the medical packaging comprises an amount of dosage units corresponding to the relevant dosage regimen. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the medical packaging comprises a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds as defined above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, vehicles and/or excipients, said packaging having from 7 to 21 dosage units, or multiples thereof, thereby having dosage units for one week of administration or several weeks of administration. The medical packaging may be in any suitable form
      • for example for oral or parenteral administration. In another preferred embodiment the packaging is in the form of a cartridge, such as a cartridge for an injection pen, the injection pen being such as an injection pen known from insulin treatment. Preferably, the kit-of-parts contains instructions indicating the use of the dosage form to achieve a desirable affect and the amount of dosage form to be taken over a specified time period. Accordingly, in one embodiment the medical packaging comprises instructions for administering the pharmaceutical composition. It is envisaged that at least one (such as 2 or 3) anti-cancer medicament(s) and at least one (such as 2 or 3) Basidiomycete bioactive agents may be used for the manufacture of any of the “kit of parts” described herein for administration to an individual in need thereof. Preferably, said kit of parts is for treatment or prophylaxis of a neoplastic disease, such as cancer.
  • Polysaccharides: the term “polysaccharide” as used herein covers polysaccharides as well as polysaccharides containing and/or covalently linked to peptides, polypeptides or the like, such as proteopolysaccharides.
  • Polysaccharides comprising monosaccharides: A polysaccharide is said to comprise monosaccharides, wherein said monosaccharides are covalently linked to form said polysaccharide. Hydrolysing a polysaccharide will yield the monosaccharides that formed said polysaccharide in free form. The monosaccharide content of a polysaccharide can thus be determined by hydrolysing the polysaccharide and measuring the presence of individual monosaccharides. The monosaccharide content of a mixture of polysaccharides is determined by determining the monosaccharide content of the entire mixture.
  • Polypeptide: the term “polypeptide” as used herein covers proteins, peptides and polypeptides, wherein said proteins, peptides or polypeptides may or may not have been post-translationally modified. Post-translational modification may for example be phosphorylation, methylation, glucosylation,
  • Ratio: A polysaccharide or a mixture of polysaccharides are said to comprise e.g. galactose, mannose, and glucose in a given ratio, when hydrolysation of said polysaccharide or said mixture of polysaccharide yields galactose, mannose and glucose in said given ratio. Galactose, mannose, and glucose in the ratio 1:a to b:c to d, means that for every part galactose, mannose is present in the range of a to b parts and glucose is present in the range of c to d parts, wherein a, b, c and d indicates numerical values. Thus, by way of example a polysaccharide mixture comprising galactose, mannose, and glucose in the ratio 1:5 to 25:1 to 50, means that for every part galactose, the polysaccharide mixture comprises in the range of 5 to 25 parts mannose and in the range if 1 to 50 part glucose
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Anti-Cancer Medicament
  • In one aspect, the present invention relates to a kit of parts comprising:
      • a) an anti-cancer medicament,
      • b) a Basidiomycete bioactive agent in solid or liquid form, and, optionally
      • c) instructions for a dosing regime.
  • Said anti-cancer medicament may be any medicament with an anti-cancer effect in the individual thus treated.
  • Thus, said anti-cancer medicament may for example be selected from the group consisting of:
      • Aldesleukin/Proleukin (Chiron Corp)
      • Alemtuzumab/Campath (Millennium and ILEX Partners, LP)
      • alitretinoin/Panretin (Ligand Pharmaceuticals)
      • allopurinol/Zyloprim (GlaxoSmithKline)
      • altretamine/Hexalen (US Bioscience)
      • amifostine/Ethyol (US Bioscience)
      • anastrozole/Arimidex (AstraZeneca)
      • arsenic trioxide/Trisenox (Cell Therapeutic)
      • Asparaginase/Elspar (Merck & Co, Inc)
      • BCG Live/TICE BCG (Organon Teknika Corp)
      • bexarotene capsules/Targretin (Ligand Pharmaceuticals)
      • bleomycin/Blenoxane (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
      • busulfan/Busulfex (GlaxoSmithKline)
      • calusterone/Methosarb (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company)
      • capecitabine/Xeloda (Roche)
      • carboplatin/Paraplatin (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
      • carmustine/BCNU, BiCNU (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
      • carmustine with Polifeprosan 20 Implant/Gliadel Wafer (Guilford
      • Pharmaceuticals Inc.)
      • celecoxib/Celebrex (Searle)
      • chlorambucil/Leukeran (GlaxoSmithKline)
      • cisplatin/Platinol (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
      • cladribine/Leustatin, 2-CdA (R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute)
      • cyclophosphamide Cytoxan/Neosar (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
      • cytarabine/Cytosar-U (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company)
      • dacarbazine/DTIC-Dome (Bayer)
      • dactinomycin/actinomycin D Cosmegen (Merck)
      • Darbepoetin alfa/Aranesp (Amgen, Inc)
      • daunorubicin/daunomycin/Daunorubicin (Bedford Labs)
      • daunorubicin/daunomycin/Cerubidine (Wyeth Ayerst)
      • Denileukin/diftitox/Ontak (Seragen, Inc)
      • dexrazoxane/Zinecard (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company)
      • docetaxel/Taxotere (Aventis Pharmaceutical)
      • doxorubicin Adriamycin/Rubex (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company)
      • DROMOSTANOLONE PROPIONATE/MASTERONE INJECTION (SYNTEX)
      • Elliott's B Solution (Orphan Medical, Inc)
      • epirubicin/Ellence (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company)
      • etoposide phosphate (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
      • etoposide/VP-16/Vepesid (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
      • exemestane/Aromasin (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company)
      • Filgrastim/Neupogen (Amgen, Inc)
      • floxuridine/FUDR (Roche)
      • fludarabine/Fludara (Berlex Laboratories Inc.)
      • fluorouracil/5-FU/Adrucil (ICN Puerto Rico)
      • fulvestrant/Faslodex (IPR)
      • gemcitabine/Gemzar (Eli Lilly)
      • gemtuzumab/ozogamicin/Mylotarg (Wyeth Ayerst)
      • goserelin acetate/Zoladex Implant (AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals)
      • hydroxyurea/Hydrea (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
      • Ibritumomab Tiuxetan/Zevalin (IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corp)
      • idarubicin/Idamycin (Adria Laboratories)
      • ifosfamide/IFEX (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
      • imatinib mesylate/Gleevec (Novartis)
      • Interferon alfa-2a/Roferon-A (Hoffmann-La Roche Inc)
      • Interferon alfa-2b/Intron A (Schering Corp)
      • irinotecan/Camptosar (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company)
      • letrozole/Femara (Novartis)
      • leucovorin Wellcovorin/Leucovorin (Immunex Corporation)
      • levamisole/Ergamisol (Janssen Research Foundation)
      • lomustine/CCNU/CeeBU (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
      • meclorethamine/nitrogen mustard/Mustargen (Merck)
      • megestrol acetate/Megace (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
      • melphalan/L-PAM/Alkeran (GlaxoSmithKline)
      • mercaptopurine/6-MP Purinethol (GlaxoSmithKline)
      • mesna/Mesnex (Asta Medica)
      • methotrexate (Lederle Laboratories)
      • methoxsalen/Uvadex (Therakos)
      • mitomycin C/Mutamycin (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
      • mitomycin C/Mitozytrex (Supergen)
      • mitotane/Lysodren (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
      • mitoxantrone/Novantrone (Lederle Laboratories)
      • nandrolone phenpropionate/Durabolin-50 (Organon)
      • Nofetumomab/Verluma (Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG (formerly Dr. Karl
      • Thomae GmbH))
      • Oprelvekin/Neumega (Genetics Institute)
      • oxaliplatin/Eloxatin (Sanofi Synthelabo)
      • paclitaxel/Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
      • pamidronate/Aredia (Novartis)
      • pegademase/Adagen (Pegademase Bovine) (Enzon)
      • Pegaspargase/Oncaspar (Enzon, Inc)
      • Pegfilgrastim/Neulasta (Amgen, Inc)
      • pentostatin/Nipent (Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Co.)
      • pipobroman/Vercyte (Abbott Labs)
      • plicamycin/mithramycin/Mithracin (Pfizer Labs)
      • porfimer sodium/Photofrin (QLT Phototherapeutics Inc.)
      • procarbazine/Matulane (Sigma Tau Pharms)
      • quinacrine/Atabrine (Abbott Labs)
      • Rasburicase/Elitek (Sanofi-Synthelabo, Inc)
      • Rituximab/Rituxan (Genentech, Inc)
      • Sargramostim/Prokine (Immunex Corp)
      • streptozocin/Zanosar (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company)
      • talc/Scierosol (Bryan)
      • tamoxifen/Nolvadex (AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals)
      • temozolomide/Temodar (Schering)
      • teniposideNM-26/Vumon (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
      • testolactone/Teslac (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
      • thioguanine/6-TG/Thioguanine (GlaxoSmithKline)
      • thiotepa/Thioplex (Lederle Laboratories)
      • topotecan/Hycamtin (GlaxoSmithKline)
      • topotecan/Hycamtin (GlaxoSmithKline)
      • toremifene/Fareston (Orion Corp)
      • Tositumomab/Bexxar (Corixa Corporation)
      • Trastuzumab/Herceptin (Genentech, Inc)
      • tretinoin/ATRA/Vesanoid (Roche)
      • Uracil Mustard (Roberts Labs)
      • valrubicin/Valstar (Medeva)
      • vinblastine/Velban (Eli Lilly)
      • vincristine/Oncovin (Eli Lilly)
      • vinorelbine/Navelbine (GlaxoSmithKline), and
      • zoledronate/Zometa (Novartis)
  • In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Aldesleukin/Proleukin (Chiron Corp)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Alemtuzumab/Campath (Millennium and ILEX Partners, LP), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL).
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is alitretinoin/Panretin (Ligand Pharmaceuticals), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of cutaneous lesions in sarcoma patients, such as in patients suffering from AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is allopurinol/Zyloprim (GlaxoSmithKline), such as for the treatment of patients with leukaemia and/or lymphoma and/or one or more solid tumor malignancies who are receiving cancer therapy which causes elevations of serum and urinary uric acid levels.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is altretamine/Hexalen (US Bioscience), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of ovarian cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is amifostine/Ethyol (US Bioscience), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of post-radiation xerostomia for e.g. head and neck cancer and/or ovarian cancer (preferably advanced) and/or non-small cell lung cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is anastrozole/Arimidex (AstraZeneca), such as for the treatment of breast cancer, for example hormone receptor positive early breast cancer, advanced breast cancer, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is trioxide/Trisenox (Cell Therapeutic).
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Asparaginase/Elspar (Merck & Co, Inc), such as for the treatment of pediatric patients.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Live/TICE BCG (Organon Teknika Corp).
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is bexarotene capsules/Targretin (Ligand Pharmaceuticals), such as for treatment of cutaneous manifestations of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, preferably via oral administration.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is bleomycin/Blenoxane (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for treatment of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and prevention of recurrent pleural effusions.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is busulfan/Busulfex (GlaxoSmithKline), such as prior to hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia, preferably via oral administration.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is calusterone/Methosarb (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company).
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is capecitabine/Xeloda (Roche), such as for treatment of breast cancer, preferably metastatic breast cancer, or colorectal carcinoma, preferably metastatic colorectal carcinoma.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Carboplatin/Paraplatin (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for treatment of ovarian carcinoma.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is carmustine/BCNU, BiCNU (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is carmustine with Polifeprosan 20 Implant/Gliadel Wafer (Guilford Pharmaceuticals Inc.), such as to prolong survival in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme who qualify for surgery.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is celecoxib/Celebrex (Searle), such as for treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is chlorambucil/Leukeran (GlaxoSmithKline), such as for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is cisplatin/Platinol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for treatment of ovarian tumour preferably metastatic ovarian tumour, testicular tumour, preferably testicular tumour, transitional cell bladder cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is cladribine/Leustatin, 2-CdA (R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute), such as for treatement of active hairy cell leukaemia.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is cyclophosphamide Cytoxan/Neosar (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is cytarabine/Cytosar-U (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is dacarbazine/DTIC-Dome (Bayer).
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is dactinomycin/actinomycin D Cosmegen (Merck)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Darbepoetin alfa/Aranesp (Amgen, Inc), such as for treatment of anemia associated with chemotherapeutic regimes.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is daunorubicin/daunomycin/Daunorubicin (Bedford Labs), such as in liposomal form, for example for the treatment of HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is daunorubicin/daunomycin/Cerubidine (Wyeth Ayerst), such as for treatment of leukaemia.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Denileukin/diftitox/Ontak (Seragen, Inc), such as for treatment of T-cell lymphoma, preferably of individuals whose malignant cells express the CDC25 component of the IL-2 receptor.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is dexrazoxane/Zinecard (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company), such as to aid in reducing the severity of cardiomyopathy associated with doxorubicin administration in women with metastatic breast cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is docetaxel/Taxotere (Aventis Pharmaceutical), such as for treatment of breast cancer, preferably locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, or non-small cell lung cancer, preferably locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is doxorubicin/Adriamycin Rubex (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company), such as for treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma or metastatic carcinoma of the ovary.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Dromostanolone propionate/Masterone injection (SYNTEX).
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Elliott's B Solution (Orphan Medical, Inc), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of miningeal leukaemia or lymphocytic lymphoma.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Epirubicin/Ellence (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of breast cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is etoposide phosphate (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of refractory testicular tumours, small cell lung cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is etoposide/VP-16/Vepesid (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of refractory testicular tumours, small cell lung cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is exemestane/Aromasin (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of breast cancer, preferably for treatment of advanced breast cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Filgrastim/Neupogen (Amgen, Inc), such as for treatment of nonmyeloid malignancies undergoing myeloablative chemotherapy followed by marrow transplantation.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is floxuridine/FUDR (Roche)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is fludarabine/Fludara (Berlex Laboratories Inc.), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of B-cell lymphocytic leukaemia.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is fluorouracil/5-FU/Adrucil (ICN Puerto Rico), such as to prolong survival.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is fulvestrant/Faslodex (IPR), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of breast cancer, preferably in post-menopausal women.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is gemcitabine/Gemzar (Eli Lilly), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas or non-small cell lung cancer, preferably locally advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas or non-small cell lung cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is gemtuzumab/ozogamicin/Mylotarg (Wyeth Ayerst), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of CD33 positive acute myeloid leukaemia in patients who are preferably 60 years of age or older.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is goserelin acetate/Zoladex Implant (AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of breast cancer, preferably advanced stage breast cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is hydroxyurea/Hydrea (Bristol-Myers Squibb).
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Ibritumomab Tiuxetan/Zevalin (IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corp), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, for example patients with Rituximab refractory follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is idarubicin/Idamycin (Adria Laboratories), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of acute myeloid leukaemia, for example in adults.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is ifosfamide/IFEX (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for treatment of germ cell testicular cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is imatinib mesylate/Gleevec (Novartis), such as for treatment of chronic myelogeneous leukaemia or gastrointestinal stromal tumours.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Interferon alfa-2a/Roferon-A (Hoffmann-La Roche Inc), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of malignant melanoma, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, condylomata acuminate, hairy cell leukaemia or AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Interferon alfa-2b/Intron A (Schering Corp).
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is irinotecan/Camptosar (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of carcinoma of the colon or rectum, preferably metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is letrozole/Femara (Novartis), carcinoma of the colon or rectum, such as for treatment or prophylaxis of breast cancer, preferably in post-menopausal women.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Leucovorin/Wellcovorin (Immunex Corporation), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of colorectal cancer, preferably advanced colorectal cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is levamisole/Ergamisol (Janssen Research Foundation), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of colon cancer, preferably after surgical resection.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is lomustine/CCNU/CeeBU (Bristol-Myers Squibb).
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is meclorethamine/nitrogen mustard/Mustargen (Merck)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is megestrol acetate/Megace (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is melphalan/L-PAM/Alkeran (GlaxoSmithKline), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of multiple myeloma.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is mercaptopurine/6-MP Purinethol (GlaxoSmithKline)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is mesna/Mesnex (Asta Medica) such as for treatment or prophylaxis of ifosfamide-indeuced hemorrhagic cystitis.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is methotrexate (Lederle Laboratories), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of osteosarcoma.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is methoxsalen/Uvadex (Therakos), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of skin manifestations of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is mitomycin C/Mutamycin (Bristol-Myers Squibb).
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is mitomycin C/Mitozytrex (Supergen), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of disseminated adenocarcinoma of the stomach or pancreas.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is mitotane/Lysodren (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is mitoxantrone/Novantrone (Lederle Laboratories), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of prostrate cancer or acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL) in adults.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is nandrolone phenpropionate/Durabolin-50 (Organon).
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Nofetumomab/Verluma (Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG (formerly Dr. Karl Tomae GmbH).
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is doxorubicin/Adriamycin PFS.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Oprelvekin/Neumega (Genetics Institute), preferably administered after myelosuppressive chemotherapy in patients with nonmyeloid malignancies
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is oxaliplatin/Eloxatin (Sanofi Synthelabo), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of carcinoma of the colon, preferably metastatic carcinoma of the colon.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is paclitaxel/Taxol/Paxene (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of advanced AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, breast cancer, metastatic breast cancer, carcinoma of the ovary, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, metastatic carcinoma of the ovary, non-small cell lung cancer or node-positive breast cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is pamidronate/Aredia (Novartis), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of osteolytic bone metastases of breast cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is pegademase/Adagen (Pegademase Bovine) (Enzon).
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Pegaspargase/Oncaspar (Enzon, Inc).
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Pegfilgrastim/Neulasta (Amgen, Inc), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of non-myeloid malignancies.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is pentostatin/Nipent (Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Co.), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of hairy cell leukaemia, for example alpha interferon refractory hairy cell leukaemia.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is pipobroman/Vercyte (Abbott Labs)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is plicamycin/mithramycin/Mithracin (Pfizer Labs)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is porfimer sodium/Photofrin (QLT Phototherapeutics Inc.), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of partially obstructing or completely obstructing esophogeal cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is procarbazine/Matulane (Sigma Tau Pharms)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is quinacrine/Atabrine (Abbott Labs)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Rasburicase/Elitek (Sanofi-Synthelabo, Inc), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of patients suffering from leukaemia, lymphoma or solid tumor malignancies.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Rituximab/Rituxan (Genentech, Inc)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Sargramostim/Prokine (Immunex Corp)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is streptozocin/Zanosar (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is talc/Sclerosol (Bryan), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of malignant pleural effusion in symptomatic patients.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is tamoxifen/Nolvadex (AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of breast cancer, for example following mastectomy and axillary dissection in postmenopausal women, or for metastatic breast cancer, for example in men.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is temozolomide/Temodar (Schering), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of refractory anaplastic astrocytma.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is teniposide/VM-26/Vumon (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of refractory childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is testolactone/Teslac (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is thioguanine/6-TG/Thioguanine (GlaxoSmithKline)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is thiotepa/Thioplex (Lederle Laboratories)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is topotecan/Hycamtin (GlaxoSmithKline), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of metastatic carcinoma of the ovary, or small cell lung cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is toremifene/Fareston (Orion Corp), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Tositumomab/Bexxar (Corixa Corporation), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Trastuzumab/Herceptin (Genentech, Inc), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of metastatic breast cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is tretinoin/ATRA/Vesanoid (Roche), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of acute promyeocytic leukaemia.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is Uracil Mustard (Roberts Labs)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is vairubicin/Valstar (Medeva), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of BCG-refractory carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the urinary bladder.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is vinblastine/Velban (Eli Lilly)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is vincristine/Oncovin (Eli Lilly)
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is vinorelbine/Navelbine (GlaxoSmithKline), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of non-small cell lung cancer, such as unresectable, advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said anti-cancer drug is zoledronate/Zometa (Novartis), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of multiple myeloma or patients with documented bone metastases from solid tumours.
  • In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the anti-cancer drug is not carboplatin.
  • In one aspect of the present invention, the Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered in combination with a chemotherapeutic agent, such as any of the following: an alkylating agent, a Nitrosourea, an antimetabolite, Anthracycline or a related drug, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, a mitotic inhibitor, a corticosteroid hormone.
  • Thus, in one preferred embodiment, the Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered in combination with an alkylating agent, such as one or more of the following: busulfan, cisplatin, carboplatin, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, dacarbazine (DTIC), mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard), melphalan, and temozolomide.
  • In another preferred embodiment, the Basidiomacete bioactive agent is administered in combination with a Nitrosourea, such as one or more of the following: carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU).
  • In another preferred embodiment, the Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered in combination with an antimetabolite, such as one or more of the following: 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, gemcitabine, cytarabine (ara-C), fludarabine, and pemetrexed.
  • In another preferred embodiment, the Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered in combination with an Anthracycline or a related drug, such as one or more of the following: daunorubicin, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), epirubicin, idarubicin, and mitoxantrone.
  • In another preferred embodiment, the Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered in combination with a topoisomerase II inhibitor, such as one or more of the following: topotecan, irinotecan, etoposide (VP-16), and teniposide.
  • In another preferred embodiment, the Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered in combination with a mitotic inhibitor, such as one or more of the following: a taxane (for example paclitaxel, docetaxel), a vinca alkaloid (vinblastine, vincristine, and vinorelbine).
  • In another preferred embodiment, the Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered in combination with a corticosteroid hormone, such as one or more of the following: prednisone or dexamethasone.
  • In another preferred embodiment, the Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered in combination with a targeted therapy, such as one or more of the following: imatinib (Gleevec), gefitinib (Iressa), erlotinib (Tarceva), rituximab (Rituxan), and bevacizumab (Avastin).
  • In another preferred embodiment, the Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered in combination with a sexhormone, such as one or more of the following: anti-estrogens (such as tamoxifen, fulvestrant), aromatase inhibitors (such as anastrozole, exemestane, letrozole), progestins (such as megestrol acetate), anti-androgens (such as bicalutamide, flutamide), and LHRH agonists (such as leuprolide, goserelin).
  • In another preferred embodiment, the Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered in combination with one or more of the following: L-asparaginase, dactinomycin, thalidomide, and tretinoin.
  • Disease Treated
  • The methods, uses, and kit-of-parts described herein may be used to treat any individual suffering from, or at risk of suffering from, a neoplastic disease.
  • In one embodiment of the present invention, said neoplastic disease is benign. In another embodiment of the present invention, said neoplastic disease is metastatic, such as stage 3-4 metastatic disease,
  • In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the neoplastic disease is selected from the group consisting of: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Adrenocortical Carcinoma, AIDS-Related Cancers, AIDS-Related Lymphoma, Anal Cancer, Astrocytoma (e.g. Childhood Cerebellar or Childhood Cerebral), Basal Cell Carcinoma, Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer, Bladder Cancer, Bone Cancer, Osteosarcoma/Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma, Brain Stem Glioma, Brain Tumor, Breast Cancer, Male Breast Cancer, Bronchial Adenomas/Carcinoids, Burkitt's Lymphoma, Carcinoid Tumor, Carcinoma of Unknown Primary, Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma, Cerebral Astrocytoma/Malignant Glioma, Cervical Cancer, Childhood Cancers, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders, Colon Cancer, Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, Endometrial Cancer, Ependymoma (such as Childhood Epdndymoma), Esophageal Cancer, Ewing's Family of Tumors, Extracranial Germ Cell Tumor (such as Childhood Extracranial Germ Cell Tumor), Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor, Eye Cancer (Intraocular Melanoma or Retinoblastoma), Gallbladder Cancer, Gastric (Stomach) Cancer, Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor, Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor, Glioma, Hairy Cell Leukemia, Head and Neck Cancer, Hepatocellular (Liver) Cancer, Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Hypopharyngeal Cancer, Hypothalamic and Visual Pathway Glioma (such as Childhood Hypothalamic and Visual Pathway Glioma), Intraocular Melanoma, Islet Cell Carcinoma (Endocrine Pancreas), Kaposi's Sarcoma, Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer, Laryngeal Cancer, Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer, Lung Cancer (Non-Small Cell or Small Cell), Lymphoma (such as AIDS-Related Lymphoma, Burkitt's Lymphoma, Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma), Macroglobulinemia (such as Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia), Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone/Osteosarcoma, Medulloblastoma (such as Childhood Medulloblastoma), Melanoma, Merkel Cell Carcinoma, Mesothelioma (such as Adult Malignant Mesothelioma or childhood Mesothelioma), Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer with Occult Primary, Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome (such as occurring in childhood), Multiple Myeloma/Plasma Cell Neoplasm, Mycosis Fungoides, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Diseases, Myeloma (such as Multiple Myeloma), Chronic myeloproliferative disorders, Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancer, Nasopharyngeal Cancer, Nasopharyngeal Cancer (such as Childhood Nasopharyngeal Cancer), Neuroblastoma, Oropharyngeal Cancer, Osteosarcoma/Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone, Ovarian Cancer (such as Childhood Ovarian Cancer), Ovarian Epithelial Cancer, Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor, Ovarian Low Malignant Potential Tumor, Pancreatic Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer, Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer, Parathyroid Cancer, Penile Cancer, Pheochromocytoma, Pineoblastoma and Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors, Pituitary Tumor, Pleuropulmonary Blastoma, Prostate Cancer, Renal Pelvis and Ureter Transitional Cell Cancer, Retinoblastoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma (such as Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma), Salivary Gland Cancer, Adult-onset soft tissue Sarcoma, Soft Tissue Sarcoma (such as Childhood Soft Tissue Sarcoma), uterine Sarcoma, Sezary Syndrome, Skin Cancer (such as non-Melanoma skin cancer), Merkel Cell Skin Carcinoma, Small Intestine Cancer, Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors (such as occurring in Childhood), Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, Testicular Cancer, Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma, Thyroid Cancer, Transitional Cell Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter, Trophoblastic Tumor (such as Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor), Urethral Cancer, Endometrial uterine cancer, Uterine Sarcoma, Vaginal Cancer, Visual Pathway and Hypothalamic Glioma (such as Childhood Visual Pathway and Hypothalamic Glioma), Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia or Wilms' Tumor.
  • One aspect of the present invention relates to the palliative treatment of terminal cancer states in an individual in need thereof, such as wherein said individual is suffering from advanced-stage cancer, preferably terminal cancer.
  • In accordance with the above, in one aspect of the present invention, the kit-of-parts is suitable for treating or preventing any of the following aerodigestive tract cancer forms:
      • Pancreatic cancer
      • cancer of the upper GI tract, such as stomach cancer and/or esophagus cancer.
      • head and neck cancer, in particular cancer of the thyroid or cancer of the salivary glands.
      • lung cancer, in particular small lung cell cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the kit of parts according to the present invention is for the treatment or prevention of lower GI cancer, such as colorectal cancers, in particular colon cancer.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the kit-of-parts is for the treatment or prevention of an endocrine cancer, i.e. a cancer in an endocrine organ of an individual's body.
  • In one preferred embodiment, said cancer is liver cancer.
  • The invention is also useful for treating individuals suffering from the following cancer forms:
      • cancer of the ovaries
      • breast cancer.
  • In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the treatment with Basidiomycete bioactive agent is for the treatment or prevention of undesirable side-effects caused in whole or in part by an anti-cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy or combinations thereof.
  • In one embodiment it is preferred that the Basidiomycete bioactive agent is administered before the anti-cancer treatment (for example prophylactically). In this embodiment the treatment may be started before any anti-cancer treatment initiates. It may be administered continuously during the anti-cancer treatment or it may be administered at intervals, for example between periods with anti-cancer therapy. By administering during and in particular between the periods of anti-cancer therapy, the risk that the treated individual acquires infections and other complications may be reduced due to the better health conditions.
  • Helicobacter pylori
  • Helicobacter is a gram-negative bacterium with polar flagella, using oxygen as an electron acceptor, which cannot utilize carbohydrates as an energy source.
  • Helicobacter is used herein interchangeably with “Helicobacter sp.”. In a preferred embodiment the Helicobacter sp. is Helicobacter pylori.
  • In one embodiment, the present invention provides methods for preventing or inhibiting or reducing the growth of Helicobacter by administering the bioactive agent according to the present invention. The bioactive agent can be administered to an individual in need thereof alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents like antibiotics and inhibitors of acid secretion. By the phrase “in combination” with therapeutic agents is meant herein that one or more bioactive agent(s) according to the present invention is administered to the individual thus treated before and/or during (including concurrently with) and/or after treatment of an individual with one or more therapeutic agents. In all cases of combination treatment described herein, the bioactive agent can be administered in the form of food. In all cases of combination treatment described herein, the combination may be in the form of kit-in-part systems, wherein the combined active substances may be used for simultaneous, sequential or separate administration. In all cases, it is preferred that any of the herein-mentioned medicaments are administered in pharmaceutically effective amounts, i.e. an administration involving a total amount of each active component of the medicament or pharmaceutical composition or method that is sufficient to show a meaningful patient benefit. The combination of a bioactive agent according to the present invention and therapeutic agents provide improvements over therapy with the therapeutic agent alone, in particular for patients that do not respond to therapy with the therapeutic agent alone or in combination with other treatment regimes.
  • Thus, the present invention provides a method of treating an infection with Helicobacter in a subject, particularly human subjects, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a bioactive agent according to the present invention alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents.
  • In one embodiment, the other therapeutic agent is an antibiotic. In another embodiment the antibiotic is amoxicillin. In a further embodiment the antibiotic is clarithromycin. In yet another embodiment the antibiotic is metronidazole. In another embodiment the therapeutic agent is an inhibitor of acid secretion like an H2 inhibitor or a proton pump inhibitor. In a further embodiment the H2 inhibitor is omeprazol. Further embodiments of the invention provide methods where one ore more antibiotic is co-administered with an inhibitor of acid secretion.
  • In one embodiment of the invention the subject having a Helicobacter infection is suffering from a peptic ulcer. Peptic ulcers, as contemplated in the current invention include, but are not limited to, circumscribed breaks in the continuity of the mucosal layer of the gastrointestinal tract. These breaks in the continuity of the mucosal layer can include breaks that do not extend below the epithelium, also referred to as “erosions” or breaks that do extend below the epithelium. The peptic ulcers may be acute, or chronic. Further, peptic ulcers can be located in any part of the gastrointestinal tract that is exposed to acid-pepsin gastric juice, including esophagus, stomach, duodenum and after gastroenterostomy, the jejunum.
  • In another embodiment the subject having the Helicobacter infection is suffering from, or at risk of developing, cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. As stated above, the portions of the gastrointestinal tract where cancer may be present or may develop are any areas where the gastrointestinal tract is exposed to acid-pepsin gastric juice, including esophagus, stomach, duodenum and after gastroenterostomy, the jejunum. As used herein the term “cancer of the gastrointestinal tract” is used as one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize the term. Examples of “cancer of the gastrointestinal tract” include, but are not limited to, neoplasias (or neoplasms), hyperplasias, dysplasias, metaplasias or hypertrophies. The neoplasms may be benign or malignant, and they may originate from any cell type, including but not limited to epithelial cells of various origin, muscle cells and endothelial cells.
  • The treatment can be used for patients with a pre-existing Helicobacter infection, or for patients pre-disposed to a Helicobacter infection. Additionally, the bioactive agent of the present invention can be used to alleviate symptoms of a Helicobacter infection in patients, or as a preventative measure in patients.
  • As used herein, the phrase Helicobacter infection is used to mean an interaction between Helicobacter and the host organism (subject). The infections may be localized, meaning that the Helicobacter grows and remains near the point of initial interaction. The infection may also be generalized, where the Helicobacter may become more widespread beyond the initial point of interaction, including spreading to the surrounding tissue or organ and even being distributed and growing throughout the entire host organism. As used herein the term interaction (of a host and Helicobacter) is used to mean a process where the Helicobacter grows in or around a particular tissue. Helicobacter is considered to have infected the subject if the bacteria is able to penetrate the surface of cells of a particular tissue and grow within the cells of the tissue. An example of this type of infection includes, but is not limited to Helicobacter penetrating and growing within the epithelial cells lining the lumen of the stomach. Additionally, the Helicobacter can also be said to have infected the host organism by growing extracellularly to the tissue cells.
  • The method of the current invention comprises administering an antibacterially effective amount of the bioactive agent to treat a Helicobacter infection. As used herein, “an antibacterially effective amount to treat a Helicobacter infection” is intended to mean an amount affective to prevent, inhibit, retard or reverse the growth of Helicobacter, and/or reduce the number of viable Helicobacter cells within the stomach or at a site of infection. “Antibacterially effective amount to treat a Helicobacter infection” is also used to mean an amount effective to kill, reduce or ameliorate any existing infections of Helicobacter. Thus, according to the present invention, an “antibacterially effective amount to treat a Helicobacter infection” of the bioactive agent of the present invention can be used as a treatment of a pre-existing Helicobacter infection. Effective amounts for use in these treatments can completely or partially prevent a pre-existing Helicobacter infection from spreading to surrounding tissue and beyond, and they can also be used to slow the growth and/or spread rate of the Helicobacter in the subject. Furthermore, the “antibacterially effective amounts to treat a Helicobacter infection” of the bioactive agent of the current invention can prevent a Helicobacter infection in subjects. Another aspect of an “antibacterially effective amount to treat a Helicobacter infection”, as used in the current invention, means that the bioactive agent administered to the subject is capable of preventing or reducing the cellular or physiological damage to the infected or surrounding tissue, caused by the toxins produced by the Helicobacter. In still another aspect, the phrase “antibacterially effective amount to treat a Helicobacter infection” can be used to mean an amount of the administered bioactive agent that can reduce or prevent the formation or efficacy of the virulence of the Helicobacter. By virulence is meant the ability of the Helicobacter to combat the host organism's or cells natural defences to the Helicobacter infection.
    • Antibody Therapy
  • In one embodiment, the present invention provides methods for enhancing the antitumor activity of antibody therapy by administering a bioactive agent according to the present invention in combination with the antibody therapy. By the phrase “in combination” with antibody therapy is meant herein that one or more bioactive agent(s) according to the present invention is administered to the individual thus treated before and/or during (including concurrently with) and/or after treatment of an individual with a therapeutic antibody. In all cases of combination treatment described herein, the bioactive agent can be administered in the form of food. In all cases of combination treatment described herein, the combination may be in the form of kit-in-part systems, wherein the combined active substances may be used for simultaneous, sequential or separate administration. In all cases, it is preferred that any of the herein-mentioned medicaments are administered in pharmaceutically effective amounts, i.e. an administration involving a total amount of each active component of the medicament or pharmaceutical composition or method that is sufficient to show a meaningful patient benefit. The combination of a bioactive agent according to the present invention and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies provide improvements over monoclonal antibody therapy alone, in particular for patients that do not respond to monoclonal antibody therapy alone or in combination with other treatment regimes.
  • Thus, the present invention provides a method of treating cancer in a subject, particularly human subjects, comprising co-administering a therapeutically effective amount of a monoclonal antibody and a therapeutically effective amount of a bioactive agent according to the present invention.
  • In one embodiment, the monoclonal antibody is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. In another embodiment, the monoclonal antibody is rituximab. In another embodiment, methods of the present invention treat non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Further embodiments of the present invention provide methods where monoclonal antibody rituximab and a bioactive agent according to the present invention are administered once weekly for e.g. up to eight consecutive weeks. In another embodiment, the rituximab is administered once weekly and the a bioactive agent according to the present invention is administered up to five times weekly for up to eight consecutive weeks. Another embodiment of present invention provides that the bioactive agent dose is from 10 to 500 [mu]g/kg/dose. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the patient has previously been treated with rituximab and showed no appreciable tumor remission or regression. In other embodiments, the patient has relapsed after receiving rituximab therapy.
  • In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of treating cancer in a subject comprising co-administering a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and a therapeutically effective amount of a bioactive agent according to the present invention, wherein administering the bioactive agent results in an optimal immunological response.
  • In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for treating cancer in a subject comprising co-administering a monoclonal antibody that binds to a Her-2/neu receptor and a bioactive agent according to the present invention. In one embodiment, the subject is a human patient. The monoclonal antibody can e.g. be trastuzumab.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides a method of treating cancer in a subject comprising co-administering a monoclonal antibody that binds to a cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and a bioactive agent according to the present invention. In certain embodiments, the subject is a human patient. In one embodiment of the present invention, the anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody is administered at a dose of 3 mg/kg every three weeks for four cycles and the bioactive agent is administered one to five times weekly for up to eight weeks. The present invention also provides embodiments where the dose of he bioactive agent is from 10 to 500 [mu]g/kg/dose.
  • One of the mechanisms associated with the antitumor activity of monoclonal antibody therapy is antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In ADCC, monoclonal antibodies bind to a target cell (e.g. cancer cell) and specific effector cells expressing receptors for the monoclonal antibody (e.g. NK cells, monocytes and granulocytes) bind the monoclonal antibody/target cell complex resulting in target cell death. A bioactive agent according to the present invention is believed to enhance effector cell function, thereby increasing monoclonal antibody therapy efficacy. Thus, the dose and schedule of bioactive agent administration in combination with MAbs can be based on the ability of the bioactive agent to elevate parameters associated with differentation and functional activity of cell populations mediating ADCC, including but not limited to, NK cells, macrophages and neutrophils. These parameters can be evaluated using assays of NK, macrophage and neutrophil cell cytotoxicity, ADCC (NK cell fraction or total mononuclear cells, or effector molecules essential to the ability of cells to implement ADCC (e.g., FasL, granzymes and perforin).
  • Combination therapy with a bioactive agent according to the present invention and a monoclonal antibody may in one embodiment be indicated when a first line treatment has failed and may be considered as a second line treatment. However, based on the enhanced antitumor activity of the bioactive agent in combination with a monoclonal antibody, the present invention also provides using the combination as a first line treatment in patient populations that are newly diagnosed and have not been previously treated with anticancer agents “de novo patients” and patients that have not previously received any monoclonal antibody therapy “naive patients.”
  • A bioactive agent according to the present invention is also useful in combination therapy with monoclonal antibodies in the absence of any direct antibody mediated ADCC of tumor cells. Antibodies that block an inhibitory signal in the immune system can lead to augmented immune responses. Examples include (1) antibodies against molecules of the B7R family that have inhibitory function such as, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death-1 (PD-1), B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA); (2) antibodies against inhibitory cytokines like IL-10, TGFP; and (3) antibodies that deplete or inhibit functions of suppressive cells like anti-CD25 or CTLA-4. For example, anti-CTLA4 mAbs in both mice and humans are thought to either suppress function of immune-suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) or inhibit the inhibitory signal transmitted through binding of CTLA-4 on T cells to B7-1 or B7-2 molecules on APCs or tumor cells. CTLA-4 is expressed transiently on the surface of activated T cells and constitutively expressed on Treg cells. Cross-linking CTLA-4 leads to an inhibitory signal on activated T cells, and antibodies against CTLA-4 block the inhibitory signal on T cells leading to sustained T cell activation (Phan et al., PNAS, 100:8372-8377, 2003.)
  • Preferred Antibodies for Use in the Combination Therapy:
  • Although monoclonal antibodies are preferred, any of the embodiments described herein may also use polyclonal antibodies instead of, or in combination with, monoclonal antibodies. In one embodiment of the combination invention, naked antibodies (i.e. antibodies without any drug or radioactive material attached to them) are used. In another embodiment of the present invention, conjugated antibodies are used (joined e.g. to one or more of: a chemotherapy drug, a radioactive particle, or a toxin). For example, the antibody used may be a conjugated monoclonal antibody. Another preferred embodiment uses one or more of: a chemolabeled monoclonal antibody, a monoclonal antibody with radioactive particles attached, an immunotoxin.
  • Preferred immunotoxins include, but are not restricted to, an antibody attached to one or more of: a bacterial toxins such as diphtherial toxin (DT) or pseudomonal exotoxin (PE40), a plant toxin such as ricin A or saporin. Preferred is e.g. gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg) or other antibodies attached to calicheamicin, or BL22.
  • It is preferred that the antibody is targeted to a molecule known to be associated with cancerous processes. For example, the antibody may bind specifically one or more of the following targets: vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), CD20 antigen, the HER2 protein, the CD52 antigen, the VEGF protein, erbB-2, EGFR, erbB-2, cathepsin L, cyclin E, Ras, p53, BCR-ABL, Bcl-2, caspase-3.
  • Table 1 is a non-exclusive list of monoclonal antibodies approved or being tested for which combination therapy with a bioactive agent according to the present invention is possible. Other preferred antibodies may be selected from, but are not restricted to, the group consisting of:
  • Alemtuzumab (Campath), bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech Inc.), OncoScint (such as for colorectal and ovarian cancer), ProstaScint (such as for prostate cancer), Tositumomab (Bexxar),
    Cetuximab (Erbitux, ImClone Systems Inc.), Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg), Rituximab (Rituxan, Roche/Genentech), anti-erbB-2 scFv, Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin), Panitumumab (formerly known as “ABX-EGF”, Abgenix, Fremont Calif.), Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin), EMD 72000 (Vanhoefer et al., J Clin Oncol 2004; 22:175-184), Ibritumomab Tioxetan, and Trastuzumab (Herceptin).
  • Further suitable antibodies and protocols for use of any of the antibodies described herein can be found in e.g. US 2005/0244413 (Adolf et al.) and US 2005/0265966 (Wane et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,338,661 (Jensenius), and “Recombinant Polyclonal Antibodies for Cancer Therapy” (Sharon et al., Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 96:305-313 (2005)), all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • TABLE 1
    Target Drug Name Clinical Indication Company
    IL-2Rα(CD25) Zenapax transplant Roche
    IL-1R AMG108 osteoarthritis Amgen
    RANK-L AMG162 osteoporosis Amgen
    Blys LympoSTAT-B SLE, RA HGS
    CD40L (CD39) InitiatedAID Celltech/IDEC
    TRAIL-R1 HGS-ETR1 cancers HGS
    TRAIL-R2 HGS-ETR2 solid tumors HGS
    CD30 SGN30 NHL Seattle Genetics
    CD40 SGN40 MM Seattle Genetics
    HER2 Herceptin Breast cancer Genentech
    EGF-R ABX-EGF CRC, NSCLC, RCC Abgenix
    EMD72000 solid tumors Merck
    MDX-214 EGF-R-positive Medarex
    tumors
    Erbitux CRC Imclone
    VEGF-R CDP791 solid tumors Celltech
    PDGF-R CDP860 solid tumors Celltech/ZymoGenetics
    CD11a (αL) Raptiva psoriasis Genentech
    α4-integrin Antegrin CD, MS PDL, Biogen-IDEC
    α4β7 integrin MLM02 CD, UC Millenium
    α5β3 integrin Vitaxin psoriasis, prostate cancer AME/Lilly
    CD2 (LFA3/Fc) Amevive psoriasis Biogen/IDEC
    CD152 CTLA-4/lg RA Bristol Meyers
    CD152 CTLA-4 cancers Medarex
    CD49a Integrin α1 RA/Luous Biogen/IDEC
    CD49e Integrin α5 cancers Protein Design Labs
    MUC1 Theragyn
    MUC18 (TIM-like) ABX-MA1 melanoma
    TAG-72 Mucin Anatumomab cancers
    CD3 Ecromeximab melanoma Kyowa Hakko
    TRX4 type1 IDDM TolerRx
    Nuvion UC PDL
    OrthoCloneOKT3 organ transplant Ortho biotech
    CD4 HuMax-CD4 T-cell lymphoma GenMab
    CD19 MT103 NHL Medimmune
    CD64 (Fc GR1) AntiCD64 cancers Medarex
    CD33 MyloTarg AML Celltch/Whyeth
    ZAmyl AML Protein Design Labs
    CD22 lymphocide NHL, AID Immunomedics
    CEA CEA-Cide cancers Immunomedics
    CD20 Rituxan NHL Genentech
    CD52 Campath MS, NHL, T-cell lymph Genzyme, IDEX
    CD44 Bivatuzumab cancers Boehringer Ingelheim
    CD23 (Fc Ep R) IDEC152 allerhic asthma, rhinitis Biogen/IDEC
    LRR:
    CD14 ICOSIC14 sepsis ICOS
    EpCAM Panorex colorectal cancer Centocor
    Lewis-Y—Ag SGN15 cancers Seattle Genetics
    CD80 B7.1 psoriasis/NHL Biogen/IDEC
  • Dosage of the bioactive agent may be varied as known to one skilled in the art and as disclosed in detail elsewhere herein. Preferably, administration is intravenous administration or oral administration. Antibodies may also be given intravenously in one embodiment, for example co-formulated with the bioactive agent.
  • For example, the antibody and/or bioactive agent may be given at a dosage of 5 mg/kg, every other week, or may be administered with a 400 mg/m2 loading dose and weekly doses of 250 mg/m2 over 1 hour.
    • Cytochrome P450
  • It has been shown, that the polysaccharide Lentinan from Lentinus edodes and polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei can suppress the expression of cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and thus can prevent cancer (Hashimoto et al. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2004, 66 (7) 1610-1614 and Okamoto et al. Biofactors 2004 21 (1-4) 407-09 both of which are incorporated herein by reference). P450s are a class of drug- and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes mainly expressed in the liver. Carcinogens such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic amines are metabolized to their carcinogenic forms by CYPs. Moreover the suppression of P450 caused by polysaccharides, such as Lentinan, is advantageous for chemotherapy patients, as it prolongs the duration and intensifies the action of drugs.
  • Thus in one embodiment the present invention is directed to a bioactive agent capable of suppressing the expression of P450s. In a further embodiment the bioactive agent of the present invention is used in a combination therapy with a chemotherapeutic drug. In all cases of combination therapy described herein, the bioactive agent can be administered in the form of food.
  • Dendritic Cells
  • It has been demonstrated that chemoimmunotherapy using S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine anticancer drug, combined with lentinan is effective in modifying dendritic cells (DCs) in vivo and in vitro (Mushiake et al. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 2005 February; 54 (2) 120-128).
  • The survival period of Colon-26—bearing mice treated with S-1 and Lentinan was significantly more prolonged than that of mice treated with S-1 alone (P<0.05). The frequency of CD86+ DCs infiltrated into Colon-26 was increased in mice treated with S-1 and lentinan, and splenic DCs harvested from mice treated with S-1+LNT showed more potent T-cell proliferation activity than that of DCs from mice treated with S-1 alone (P<0.05).
  • Furthermore, the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in splenocytes of mice treated with S-1 and Lentinan was specific and more potent than that of CTLs from mice treated with S-1 alone (P<0.05).
  • The results suggest that modulation of specific immunity with Lentinan has a significant role in enhanced anti-tumour effects through the modification of DC function. The combination therapy of S-1 and bioactive agents according to the invention presents a promising chemoimmunotherapy, which may lead to better survival for cancer patients. Thus in one embodiment the present invention is directed to a combination therapy of S-1 and the bioactive agent according to this invention in cancer patients. In all cases of combination therapy described herein, the bioactive agent can be administered in the form of food.
    • Bioactive Species According to the Invention
  • In one aspect there is provided a bioactive agent as disclosed in the items herein below:
    • 1. The bioactive agent according to a first item comprises or consists of an agent selected from an oligosaccharide, a polysaccharide and an optionally glycosylated polypeptide.
    • 2. The bioactive agent according to item 1, wherein the bioactive agent comprises or consists of a polysaccharide.
    • 3. The bioactive agent according to item 1, wherein the bioactive agent comprises or consists of an oligosaccharide.
    • 4. The bioactive agent according to item 1, wherein the bioactive agent comprises or consists of an optionally glycosylated polypeptide.
    • 5. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide is a homopolymer.
    • 6. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide is a heteropolymer.
    • 7. The bioactive agent according to items 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises glucose monosaccharide units, optionally in combination with further monosaccharide units selected from the group of units consisting of glucuronic acid, galactose, mannose, arabinose and xylose, including any combination thereof.
    • 8. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are all glucuronic acid.
    • 9. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are all galactose.
    • 10. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are all mannose.
    • 11. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are all arabinose.
    • 12. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are all xylose.
    • 13. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid and galactose.
    • 14. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid and mannose.
    • 15. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid and arabinose.
    • 16. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid and xylose.
    • 17. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose and mannose.
    • 18. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose and arabinose.
    • 19. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose and xylose.
    • 20. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are mannose and arabinose.
    • 21. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are mannose and xylose.
    • 22. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are arabinose and xylose.
    • 23. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose and mannose.
    • 24. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose and arabinose.
    • 25. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose and xylose.
    • 26. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, mannose and arabinose.
    • 27. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid mannose and xylose.
    • 28. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, arabinose and xylose.
    • 29. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose, mannose and arabinose.
    • 30. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose, mannose and xylose.
    • 31. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose, arabinose and xylose.
    • 32. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are mannose, arabinose and xylose.
    • 33. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose, mannose and arabinose.
    • 34. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose, mannose and xylose.
    • 35. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose, arabinose and xylose.
    • 36. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, mannose, arabinose and xylose.
    • 37. The bioactive agent according to item 7, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose, mannose, arabinose and xylose.
    • 38. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the backbone of the polysaccharide comprises glucose monosaccharide units in combination with further monosaccharide units selected from the group of units consisting of glucuronic acid, galactose, mannose, arabinose and xylose, including any combination thereof.
    • 39. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are all glucuronic acid.
    • 40. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are all galactose.
    • 41. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are all mannose.
    • 42. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are all arabinose.
    • 43. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are all xylose.
    • 44. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid and galactose.
    • 45. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid and mannose.
    • 46. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid and arabinose.
    • 47. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid and xylose.
    • 48. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose and mannose.
    • 49. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose and arabinose.
    • 50. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose and xylose.
    • 51. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are mannose and arabinose.
    • 52. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are mannose and xylose.
    • 53. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are arabinose and xylose.
    • 54. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose and mannose.
    • 55. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose and arabinose.
    • 56. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose and xylose.
    • 57. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, mannose and arabinose.
    • 58. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid mannose and xylose.
    • 59. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, arabinose and xylose.
    • 60. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose, mannose and arabinose.
    • 61. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose, mannose and xylose.
    • 62. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose, arabinose and xylose.
    • 63. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are mannose, arabinose and xylose.
    • 64. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose, mannose and arabinose.
    • 65. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose, mannose and xylose.
    • 66. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose, arabinose and xylose.
    • 67. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, mannose, arabinose and xylose.
    • 68. The bioactive agent according to item 38, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose, mannose, arabinose and xylose.
    • 69. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the backbone of the polysaccharide comprises a plurality of monosaccharide units, and wherein the side chains of the polysaccharide comprises further monosaccharide units selected from the group of units consisting of glucuronic acid, galactose, mannose, arabinose xylose and glucose, including any combination thereof.
    • 70. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are all glucuronic acid.
    • 71. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are all galactose.
    • 72. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are all mannose.
    • 73. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are all arabinose.
    • 74. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are all xylose.
    • 75. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are all glucose.
    • 76. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid and galactose.
    • 77. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid and mannose.
    • 78. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid and arabinose.
    • 79. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid and xylose.
    • 80. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid and glucose.
    • 81. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose and mannose.
    • 82. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose and arabinose.
    • 83. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose and xylose.
    • 84. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose and glucose.
    • 85. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are mannose and arabinose.
    • 86. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are mannose and xylose.
    • 87. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are mannose and glucose.
    • 88. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are arabinose and xylose.
    • 89. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are arabinose and glucose.
    • 90. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are xylose and glucose.
    • 91. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose and mannose.
    • 92. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose and arabinose.
    • 93. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose and xylose.
    • 94. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose and glucose.
    • 95. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, mannose and arabinose.
    • 96. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid mannose and xylose.
    • 97. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid mannose and glucose.
    • 98. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, arabinose and xylose.
    • 99. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, arabinose and glucose.
    • 100. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, xylose and glucose.
    • 101. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose, mannose and arabinose.
    • 102. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose, mannose and xylose.
    • 103. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose, mannose and glucose.
    • 104. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose, arabinose and xylose.
    • 105. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose, arabinose and glucose.
    • 106. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose, xylose and glucose.
    • 107. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are mannose, arabinose and xylose.
    • 108. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are mannose, arabinose and glucose.
    • 109. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are mannose, xylose and glucose.
    • 110. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are arabinose, xylose and glucose.
    • 111. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose, mannose and arabinose.
    • 112. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose, mannose and xylose.
    • 113. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose, mannose and glucose.
    • 114. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose, arabinose and xylose.
    • 115. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose, arabinose and glucose.
    • 116. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose, xylose and glucose.
    • 117. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, mannose, arabinose and xylose.
    • 118. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, mannose, arabinose and glucose.
    • 119. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, mannose, xylose and glucose.
    • 120. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, arabinose, xylose and glucose.
    • 121. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose, mannose, arabinose and xylose.
    • 122. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose, mannose, arabinose and glucose.
    • 123. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose, mannose, xylose and glucose.
    • 124. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose, arabinose, xylose and glucose.
    • 125. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are mannose, arabinose, xylose and glucose.
    • 126. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose, mannose, arabinose and xylose.
    • 127. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose, mannose, arabinose and glucose.
    • 128. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose, mannose, xylose and glucose.
    • 129. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, galactose, arabinose xylose and glucose.
    • 130. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are glucuronic acid, mannose, arabinose xylose and glucose.
    • 131. The bioactive agent according to item 69, wherein the further monosaccharide units are galactose, mannose, arabinose xylose and glucose.
    • 132. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a repetitive backbone macromomer comprising from 2 to 6, such as 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 different monosaccharide units and having from 1 to 3 monosaccharide units selected from glucose, mannose and galactose.
    • 133. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises an average of from 1 to 1000 monosaccharide units in the backbone between each branching point, such as from 2 to 1000 monosaccharide units, for example from 3 to 1000 monosaccharide units, such as from 4 to 1000 monosaccharide units, for example from 5 to 1000 monosaccharide units, such as from 6 to 1000 monosaccharide units, for example from 7 to 1000 monosaccharide units, such as from 8 to 1000 monosaccharide units, for example from 9 to 1000 monosaccharide units, such as from 10 to 1000 monosaccharide units, for example from 11 to 1000 monosaccharide units, such as from 12 to 1000 monosaccharide units, for example from 13 to 1000 monosaccharide units, such as from 14 to 1000 monosaccharide units, for example from 15 to 1000 monosaccharide units, such as from 20 to 1000 monosaccharide units, for example from 25 to 1000 monosaccharide units, such as from 30 to 1000 monosaccharide units, for example from 40 to 1000 monosaccharide units, such as from 50 to 1000 monosaccharide units, for example from 60 to 1000 monosaccharide units, such as from 70 to 1000 monosaccharide units, for example from 80 to 1000 monosaccharide units, such as from 90 to 1000 monosaccharide units, for example from 100 to 1000 monosaccharide units, such as from 2 to 500 monosaccharide units, for example from 3 to 500 monosaccharide units, such as from 4 to 500 monosaccharide units, for example from 5 to 500 monosaccharide units, such as from 6 to 500 monosaccharide units, for example from 7 to 500 monosaccharide units, such as from 8 to 500 monosaccharide units, for example from 9 to 500 monosaccharide units, such as from 10 to 500 monosaccharide units, for example from 11 to 500 monosaccharide units, such as from 12 to 500 monosaccharide units, for example from 13 to 500 monosaccharide units, such as from 14 to 500 monosaccharide units, for example from 15 to 500 monosaccharide units, such as from 20 to 500 monosaccharide units, for example from 25 to 500 monosaccharide units, such as from 30 to 500 monosaccharide units, for example from 40 to 500 monosaccharide units, such as from 50 to 500 monosaccharide units, for example from 60 to 500 monosaccharide units, such as from 70 to 500 monosaccharide units, for example from 80 to 500 monosaccharide units, such as from 90 to 500 monosaccharide units, for example from 100 to 500 monosaccharide units, such as from 2 to 250 monosaccharide units, for example from 3 to 250 monosaccharide units, such as from 4 to 250 monosaccharide units, for example from 5 to 250 monosaccharide units, such as from 6 to 250 monosaccharide units, for example from 7 to 250 monosaccharide units, such as from 8 to 250 monosaccharide units, for example from 9 to 250 monosaccharide units, such as from 10 to 250 monosaccharide units, for example from 11 to 250 monosaccharide units, such as from 12 to 250 monosaccharide units, for example from 13 to 250 monosaccharide units, such as from 14 to 250 monosaccharide units, for example from 15 to 250 monosaccharide units, such as from 20 to 250 monosaccharide units, for example from 25 to 250 monosaccharide units, such as from 30 to 250 monosaccharide units, for example from 40 to 250 monosaccharide units, such as from 50 to 250 monosaccharide units, for example from 60 to 250 monosaccharide units, such as from 70 to 250 monosaccharide units, for example from 80 to 250 monosaccharide units, such as from 90 to 250 monosaccharide units, for example from 100 to 250 monosaccharide units, such as from 2 to 100 monosaccharide units, for example from 3 to 100 monosaccharide units, such as from 4 to 100 monosaccharide units, for example from 5 to 100 monosaccharide units, such as from 6 to 100 monosaccharide units, for example from 7 to 100 monosaccharide units, such as from 8 to 100 monosaccharide units, for example from 9 to 100 monosaccharide units, such as from 10 to 100 monosaccharide units, for example from 11 to 100 monosaccharide units, such as from 12 to 100 monosaccharide units, for example from 13 to 100 monosaccharide units, such as from 14 to 100 monosaccharide units, for example from 15 to 100 monosaccharide units, such as from 20 to 100 monosaccharide units, for example from 25 to 100 monosaccharide units, such as from 30 to 100 monosaccharide units, for example from 40 to 100 monosaccharide units, such as from 50 to 100 monosaccharide units, for example from 60 to 100 monosaccharide units, such as from 70 to 100 monosaccharide units, for example from 80 to 100 monosaccharide units, such as from 90 to 100 monosaccharide units, such as from 2 to 50 monosaccharide units, for example from 3 to 50 monosaccharide units, such as from 4 to 50 monosaccharide units, for example from 5 to 50 monosaccharide units, such as from 6 to 50 monosaccharide units, for example from 7 to 50 monosaccharide units, such as from 8 to 50 monosaccharide units, for example from 9 to 50 monosaccharide units, such as from 10 to 50 monosaccharide units, for example from 11 to 50 monosaccharide units, such as from 12 to 50 monosaccharide units, for example from 13 to 50 monosaccharide units, such as from 14 to 50 monosaccharide units, for example from 15 to 50 monosaccharide units, such as from 20 to 50 monosaccharide units, for example from 25 to 50 monosaccharide units, such as from 30 to 50 monosaccharide units, for example from 40 to 50 monosaccharide units, such as from 2 to 25 monosaccharide units, for example from 3 to 25 monosaccharide units, such as from 4 to 25 monosaccharide units, for example from 5 to 25 monosaccharide units, such as from 6 to 25 monosaccharide units, for example from 7 to 25 monosaccharide units, such as from 8 to 25 monosaccharide units, for example from 9 to 25 monosaccharide units, such as from 10 to 25 monosaccharide units, for example from 11 to 25 monosaccharide units, such as from 12 to 25 monosaccharide units, for example from 13 to 25 monosaccharide units, such as from 14 to 25 monosaccharide units, for example from 15 to 25 monosaccharide units, such as from 20 to 25 monosaccharide units, such as from 2 to 20 monosaccharide units, for example from 3 to 20 monosaccharide units, such as from 4 to 20 monosaccharide units, for example from 5 to 20 monosaccharide units, such as from 6 to 20 monosaccharide units, for example from 7 to 20 monosaccharide units, such as from 8 to 20 monosaccharide units, for example from 9 to 20 monosaccharide units, such as from 10 to 20 monosaccharide units, for example from 11 to 20 monosaccharide units, such as from 12 to 20 monosaccharide units, for example from 13 to 20 monosaccharide units, such as from 14 to 20 monosaccharide units, for example from 15 to 20 monosaccharide units, such as from 2 to 18 monosaccharide units, for example from 3 to 18 monosaccharide units, such as from 4 to 18 monosaccharide units, for example from 5 to 18 monosaccharide units, such as from 6 to 18 monosaccharide units, for example from 7 to 18 monosaccharide units, such as from 8 to 18 monosaccharide units, for example from 9 to 18 monosaccharide units, such as from 10 to 18 monosaccharide units, for example from 11 to 18 monosaccharide units, such as from 12 to 18 monosaccharide units, for example from 13 to 18 monosaccharide units, such as from 14 to 18 monosaccharide units, for example from 15 to 18 monosaccharide units, such as from 2 to 16 monosaccharide units, for example from 3 to 16 monosaccharide units, such as from 4 to 16 monosaccharide units, for example from 5 to 16 monosaccharide units, such as from 6 to 16 monosaccharide units, for example from 7 to 16 monosaccharide units, such as from 8 to 16 monosaccharide units, for example from 9 to 16 monosaccharide units, such as from 10 to 16 monosaccharide units, for example from 11 to 16 monosaccharide units, such as from 12 to 16 monosaccharide units, for example from 13 to 16 monosaccharide units, such as from 14 to 16 monosaccharide units, for example from 15 to 16 monosaccharide units, such as from 2 to 14 monosaccharide units, for example from 3 to 14 monosaccharide units, such as from 4 to 14 monosaccharide units, for example from 5 to 14 monosaccharide units, such as from 6 to 14 monosaccharide units, for example from 7 to 14 monosaccharide units, such as from 8 to 14 monosaccharide units, for example from 9 to 14 monosaccharide units, such as from 10 to 14 monosaccharide units, for example from 11 to 14 monosaccharide units, such as from 12 to 14 monosaccharide units, for example from 13 to 14 monosaccharide units, such as from 2 to 12 monosaccharide units, for example from 3 to 12 monosaccharide units, such as from 4 to 12 monosaccharide units, for example from 5 to 12 monosaccharide units, such as from 6 to 12 monosaccharide units, for example from 7 to 12 monosaccharide units, such as from 8 to 12 monosaccharide units, for example from 9 to 12 monosaccharide units, such as from 10 to 12 monosaccharide units, for example from 11 to 12 monosaccharide units, such as from 2 to 10 monosaccharide units, for example from 3 to 10 monosaccharide units, such as from 4 to 10 monosaccharide units, for example from 5 to 10 monosaccharide units, such as from 6 to 10 monosaccharide units, for example from 7 to 10 monosaccharide units, such as from 8 to 10 monosaccharide units, for example from 9 to 10 monosaccharide units, such as from 2 to 8 monosaccharide units, for example from 3 to 8 monosaccharide units, such as from 4 to 8 monosaccharide units, for example from 5 to 8 monosaccharide units, such as from 6 to 8 monosaccharide units, for example from 7 to 8 monosaccharide units in the backbone between each branching point.
    • 134. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide has a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 1,000,000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 900,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 800.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 900,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 800.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 750,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 700.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 1270,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 600.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 550,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 500.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 450,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 400.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 350,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 300.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 250,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 200.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 80.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 60,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 50.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 40,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 35.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 30,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 25.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 20,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 15.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 g/mol to about 10,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 1,000,000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 900,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 800.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 900,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 800.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 750,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 700.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 1270,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 600.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 550,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 500.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 450,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 400.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 350,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 300.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 250,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 200.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 80.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 60,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 50.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 40,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 35.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 30,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 25.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 20,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 10,000 g/mol to about 15.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 1,000,000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 900,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 800.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 900,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 800.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 750,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 700.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 1270,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 600.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 550,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 500.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 450,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 400.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 350,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 300.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 250,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 200.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 80.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 60,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 50.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 40,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 35.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 30,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 25.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 g/mol to about 20,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 1,000,000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 900,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 800.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 900,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 800.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 750,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 700.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 1270,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 600.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 550,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 500.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 450,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 400.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 350,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 300.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 250,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 200.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 80.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 60,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 50.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 40,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 35.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 30,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 20,000 g/mol to about 25.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 1,000,000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 900,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 800.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 900,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 800.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 750,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 700.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 1270,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 600.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 550,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 500.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 450,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 400.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 350,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 300.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 250,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 200.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 80.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 60,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 50.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 40,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 35.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 25,000 g/mol to about 30,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 1,000,000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 900,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 800.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 900,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 800.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 750,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 700.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 1270,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 600.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 550,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 500.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 450,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 400.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 350,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 300.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 250,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 200.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 80.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 60,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 50.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 40,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 30,000 g/mol to about 35.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 40,000 g/mol to about 1,000,000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 40,000 g/mol to about 900,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 40,000 g/mol to about 800.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 40,000 g/mol to about 900,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 40,000 g/mol to about 800.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 40,000 g/mol to about 750,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 40,000 g/mol to about 700.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 40,000 g/mol to about 1270,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 40,000 g/mol to about 600.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 40,000 g/mol to about 550,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 40,000 g/mol to about 500.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 40,000 g/mol to about 450,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 40,000 g/mol to about 400.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 40,000 g/mol to about 350,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 40,000 g/mol to about 300.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 40,000 g/mol to about 250,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 40,000 g/mol to about 200.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 40,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 40,000 g/mol to about 80.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 40,000 g/mol to about 60,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 40,000 g/mol to about 50.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 50,000 g/mol to about 1,000,000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 50,000 g/mol to about 900,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 50,000 g/mol to about 800.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 50,000 g/mol to about 900,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 50,000 g/mol to about 800.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 50,000 g/mol to about 750,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 50,000 g/mol to about 700.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 50,000 g/mol to about 1270,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 50,000 g/mol to about 600.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 50,000 g/mol to about 550,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 50,000 g/mol to about 500.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 50,000 g/mol to about 450,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 50,000 g/mol to about 400.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 50,000 g/mol to about 350,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 50,000 g/mol to about 300.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 50,000 g/mol to about 250,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 50,000 g/mol to about 200.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 50,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 50,000 g/mol to about 80.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 50,000 g/mol to about 60,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 75,000 g/mol to about 1,000,000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 75,000 g/mol to about 900,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 75,000 g/mol to about 800.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 75,000 g/mol to about 900,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 75,000 g/mol to about 800.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 75,000 g/mol to about 750,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 75,000 g/mol to about 700.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 75,000 g/mol to about 1270,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 75,000 g/mol to about 600.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 75,000 g/mol to about 550,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 75,000 g/mol to about 500.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 75,000 g/mol to about 450,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 75,000 g/mol to about 400.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 75,000 g/mol to about 350,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 75,000 g/mol to about 300.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 75,000 g/mol to about 250,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 75,000 g/mol to about 200.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 75,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 75,000 g/mol to about 80.000 g/mol, a molecular weight in the range of from 100,000 g/mol to about 1,000,000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 100,000 g/mol to about 900,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 100,000 g/mol to about 800.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 100,000 g/mol to about 900,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 100,000 g/mol to about 800.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 100,000 g/mol to about 750,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 100,000 g/mol to about 700.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 100,000 g/mol to about 1270,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 100,000 g/mol to about 600.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 100,000 g/mol to about 550,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 100,000 g/mol to about 500.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 100,000 g/mol to about 450,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 100,000 g/mol to about 400.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 100,000 g/mol to about 350,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 100,000 g/mol to about 300.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 100,000 g/mol to about 250,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 100,000 g/mol to about 200.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 200,000 g/mol to about 300,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 300,000 g/mol to about 400.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 400,000 g/mol to about 500,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 500,000 g/mol to about 600.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 700,000 g/mol to about 800,000 g/mol, for example a molecular weight in the range of from 800,000 g/mol to about 900.000 g/mol, such as a molecular weight in the range of from 900,000 g/mol to about 1,000,000 g/mol.
    • 135. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component selected from the group of components consisting of
    • (1-3)-alpha-D-glucan;
    • (1-3)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-6)-beta branching;
    • (1-3)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-6)-alpha branching;
    • (1-3)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-4)-beta branching;
    • (1-3)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-4)-alpha branching;
    • (1-3)-beta-D-glucan;
    • (1-3)-beta-D-glucan with (1-6)-beta branching;
    • (1-3)-beta-D-glucan with (1-6)-alpha branching;
    • (1-3)-beta-D-glucan with (1-4)-beta branching;
    • (1-3)-beta-D-glucan with (1-4)-alpha branching;
    • (1-4)-alpha-D-glucan;
    • (1-4)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-6)-beta branching;
    • (1-4)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-6)-alpha branching;
    • (1-4)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-4)-beta branching;
    • (1-4)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-4)-alpha branching;
    • (1-4)-beta-D-glucan;
    • (1-4)-beta-D-glucan with (1-6)-beta branching;
    • (1-4)-beta-D-glucan with (1-6)-alpha branching;
    • (1-4)-beta-D-glucan with (1-4)-beta branching;
    • (1-4)-beta-D-glucan with (1-4)-alpha branching;
    • (1-6)-beta-D-glucan;
    • (1-6)-beta-D-glucan with (1-6)-beta branching;
    • (1-6)-beta-D-glucan with (1-6)-alpha branching;
    • (1-6)-beta-D-glucan with (1-4)-beta branching;
    • (1-6)-beta-D-glucan with (1-4)-alpha branching;
    • (1-6)-alpha-D-glucan;
    • (1-6)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-6)-beta branching;
    • (1-6)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-6)-alpha branching;
    • (1-6)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-4)-beta branching;
    • (1-6)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-4)-alpha branching;
    • 136. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-3)-alpha-D-glucan.
    • 137. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-3)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-6)-beta branching.
    • 138. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-3)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-6)-alpha branching.
    • 139. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-3)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-4)-beta branching.
    • 140. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-3)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-4)-alpha branching.
    • 141. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-3)-beta-D-glucan.
    • 142. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-3)-beta-D-glucan with (1-6)-beta branching.
    • 143. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-3)-beta-D-glucan with (1-6)-alpha branching.
    • 144. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-3)-beta-D-glucan with (1-4)-beta branching.
    • 145. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-3)-beta-D-glucan with (1-4)-alpha branching.
    • 146. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-4)-alpha-D-glucan.
    • 147. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-4)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-6)-beta branching.
    • 148. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-4)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-6)-alpha branching.
    • 149. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-4)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-4)-beta branching.
    • 150. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-4)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-4)-alpha branching.
    • 151. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-4)-beta-D-glucan.
    • 152. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-4)-beta-D-glucan with (1-6)-beta branching.
    • 153. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-4)-beta-D-glucan with (1-6)-alpha branching.
    • 154. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-4)-beta-D-glucan with (1-4)-beta branching.
    • 155. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-4)-beta-D-glucan with (1-4)-alpha branching.
    • 156. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-6)-beta-D-glucan.
    • 157. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-6)-beta-D-glucan with (1-6)-beta branching.
    • 158. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-6)-beta-D-glucan with (1-6)-alpha branching.
    • 159. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-6)-beta-D-glucan with (1-4)-beta branching.
    • 160. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-6)-beta-D-glucan with (1-4)-alpha branching.
    • 161. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-6)-alpha-D-glucan.
    • 162. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-6)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-6)-beta branching.
    • 163. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-6)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-6)-alpha branching.
    • 164. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-6)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-4)-beta branching.
    • 165. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component comprising (1-6)-alpha-D-glucan with (1-4)-alpha branching.
    • 166. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide backbone comprises a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by a chemical bond selected from the group consisting of (1-6)-beta bonds, (1-4)-beta bonds, (1-3)-beta bonds, (1-2)-beta bonds, (1-1)-beta bonds, 1-beta-1-alpha bonds, 1-alpha-1-alpha bonds, 1-alpha-1-beta bonds, (1-2)-alpha bonds, (1-3)-alpha bonds, (1-4)-alpha bonds and (1-6)-alpha bonds.
    • 167. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide backbone comprises a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by (1-6)-beta bonds.
    • 168. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide backbone comprises a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by (1-4)-beta bonds.
    • 169. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide backbone comprises a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by (1-3)-beta bonds.
    • 170. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide backbone comprises a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by (1-2)-beta bonds.
    • 171. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide backbone comprises a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by (1-1)-beta bonds.
    • 172. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide backbone comprises a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by 1-beta-1-alpha bonds.
    • 173. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide backbone comprises a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by 1-alpha-1-alpha bonds.
    • 174. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide backbone comprises a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by 1-alpha-1-beta bonds.
    • 175. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide backbone comprises a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by (1-2)-alpha bonds.
    • 176. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide backbone comprises a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by (1-3)-alpha bonds.
    • 177. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide backbone comprises a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by (1-4)-alpha bonds.
    • 178. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide backbone comprises a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by (1-6)-alpha bonds.
    • 179. The bioactive agent according to any of items 166 to 178, wherein the polysaccharide further comprises side chains comprising a plurality of monosaccharides selected from the group consisting of (1-6)-beta bonds, (1-4)-beta bonds, (1-3)-beta bonds, (1-2)-beta bonds, (1-1)-beta bonds, 1-beta-1-alpha bonds, 1-alpha-1-alpha bonds, 1-alpha-1-beta bonds, (1-2)-alpha bonds, (1-3)-alpha bonds, (1-4)-alpha bonds and (1-6)-alpha bonds.
    • 180. The bioactive agent according to any of items 166 to 178, wherein the polysaccharide side chains comprise a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by (1-6)-beta bonds.
    • 181. The bioactive agent according to any of items 166 to 178, wherein the polysaccharide side chains comprise a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by (1-4)-beta bonds.
    • 182. The bioactive agent according to any of items 166 to 178, wherein the polysaccharide side chains comprise a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by (1-3)-beta bonds.
    • 183. The bioactive agent according to any of items 166 to 178, wherein the polysaccharide side chains comprise a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by (1-2)-beta bonds.
    • 184. The bioactive agent according to any of items 166 to 178, wherein the polysaccharide side chains comprise a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by (1-1)-beta bonds.
    • 185. The bioactive agent according to any of items 166 to 178, wherein the polysaccharide side chains comprise a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by 1-beta-1-alpha bonds.
    • 186. The bioactive agent according to any of items 166 to 178, wherein the polysaccharide side chains comprise a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by 1-alpha-1-alpha bonds.
    • 187. The bioactive agent according to any of items 166 to 178, wherein the polysaccharide side chains comprise a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by 1-alpha-1-beta bonds.
    • 188. The bioactive agent according to any of items 166 to 178, wherein the polysaccharide side chains comprise a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by (1-2)-alpha bonds.
    • 189. The bioactive agent according to any of items 166 to 178, wherein the polysaccharide side chains comprise a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by (1-3)-alpha bonds.
    • 190. The bioactive agent according to any of items 166 to 178, wherein the polysaccharide side chains comprise a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by (1-4)-alpha bonds.
    • 191. The bioactive agent according to any of items 166 to 178, wherein the polysaccharide side chains comprise a plurality of monosaccharide units linked by (1-6)-alpha bonds.
    • 192. The bioactive agent according to any of items 2 to 191, wherein the polysaccharide is a heteropolymer comprising two or more different monosaccharides in the main chain, such as 3 different monosaccharides in the main chain, for example 4 different monosaccharides in the main chain, such as 5 different monosaccharides in the main chain, for example 6 different monosaccharides in the main chain.
    • 193. The bioactive agent according to item 192, wherein the polysaccharide further comprises two or more different monosaccharides in the side chains, such as 3 different monosaccharides in the side chains, for example 4 different monosaccharides in the side chains, such as 5 different monosaccharides in the side chains, for example 6 different monosaccharides in the side chains.
    • 194. The bioactive agent according to any of items 7, 38 and 69, wherein the ratio R=a/b between a) the number of glucose monosaccharides and b) the number of further monosaccharides is about 0,0001, for example about 0,0005, such as about 0,001, for example about 0,005, such as about 0,01, for example about 0,05, such as about 0,1, for example about 0,2, such as about 0,3, for example about 0,4, such as about 0,5, for example about 0,6, such as about 0,7, for example about 0,8, such as about 0,9, for example about 1; such as from 1:10000 to 1, such as from 2:10000 to 1; for example from 4:10000 to 1; such as from 10:10000 to 1; for example from 20:10000 to 1; such as from 40:10000 to 1; for example from 80:10000 to 1; such as from 100:10000 to 1; for example from 100:10000 to 1; such as from 200:10000 to 1; for example from 250:10000 to 1; such as from 400:10000 to 1; for example from 500:10000 to 1; such as from 1000:10000 to 1; for example from 2000:10000 to 1; such as from 2500:10000 to 1; for example from 3000:10000 to 1; such as from 4000:10000 to 1; for example from 5000:10000 to 1; such as from 6000:10000 to 1; for example from 7000:10000 to 1; such as from 7500:10000 to 1; for example from 8000:10000 to 1; such as from 9000:10000 to 1; for example from 9500:10000 to 1, such as from 1:10000 to 5:10000; for example from 5:10000 to 20:10000, such as from 20:10000 to 100:10000; for example from 100:10000 to 500:10000; such as from 500:10000 to 1000:10000; for example from 1000:10000 to 2000:10000; such as from 2000:10000 to 3000:10000; for example from 3000:10000 to 4000:10000; such as from 4000:10000 to 5000:10000; for example from 5000:10000 to 6000:10000; such as from 6000:10000 to 7000:10000; for example from 7000:10000 to 8000:10000; such as from 8000:10000 to 9000:10000.
    • 195. The bioactive agent according to any of items 7, 38 and 69, wherein the ratio R=b/a between a) the number of glucose monosaccharides and b) the number of further monosaccharides is about 0,0001, for example about 0,0005, such as about 0,001, for example about 0,005, such as about 0,01, for example about 0,05, such as about 0,1, for example about 0,2, such as about 0,3, for example about 0,4, such as about 0,5, for example about 0,6, such as about 0,7, for example about 0,8, such as about 0,9, for example about 1; for example from 1:10000 to 1, such as from 2:10000 to 1; for example from 4:10000 to 1; such as from 10:10000 to 1; for example from 20:10000 to 1; such as from 40:10000 to 1; for example from 80:10000 to 1; such as from 100:10000 to 1; for example from 100:10000 to 1; such as from 200:10000 to 1; for example from 250:10000 to 1; such as from 400:10000 to 1; for example from 500:10000 to 1; such as from 1000:10000 to 1; for example from 2000:10000 to 1; such as from 2500:10000 to 1; for example from 3000:10000 to 1; such as from 4000:10000 to 1; for example from 5000:10000 to 1; such as from 6000:10000 to 1; for example from 7000:10000 to 1; such as from 7500:10000 to 1; for example from 8000:10000 to 1; such as from 9000:10000 to 1; for example from 9500:10000 to 1; such as from 1:10000 to 5:10000; for example from 5:10000 to 20:10000, such as from 20:10000 to 100:10000; for example from 100:10000 to 500:10000; such as from 500:10000 to 1000:10000; for example from 1000:10000 to 2000:10000; such as from 2000:10000 to 3000:10000; for example from 3000:10000 to 4000:10000; such as from 4000:10000 to 5000:10000; for example from 5000:10000 to 6000:10000; such as from 6000:10000 to 7000:10000; for example from 7000:10000 to 8000:10000; such as from 8000:10000 to 9000:10000.
    • 196. The bioactive agent according to any of items 7, 38 and 69, wherein the ratio R=a/b between a) the number of glucose monosaccharides and b) the number of glucuronic acid monosaccharides is about 0,0001, for example about 0,0005, such as about 0,001, for example about 0,005, such as about 0,01, for example about 0,05, such as about 0,1, for example about 0,2, such as about 0,3, for example about 0,4, such as about 0,5, for example about 0,6, such as about 0,7, for example about 0,8, such as about 0,9, for example about 1; for example from 1:10000 to 1, such as from 2:10000 to 1; for example from 4:10000 to 1; such as from 10:10000 to 1; for example from 20:10000 to 1; such as from 40:10000 to 1; for example from 80:10000 to 1; such as from 100:10000 to 1; for example from 100:10000 to 1; such as from 200:10000 to 1; for example from 250:10000 to 1; such as from 400:10000 to 1; for example from 500:10000 to 1; such as from 1000:10000 to 1; for example from 2000:10000 to 1; such as from 2500:10000 to 1; for example from 3000:10000 to 1; such as from 4000:10000 to 1; for example from 5000:10000 to 1; such as from 6000:10000 to 1; for example from 7000:10000 to 1; such as from 7500:10000 to 1; for example from 8000:10000 to 1; such as from 9000:10000 to 1; for example from 9500:10000 to 1; such as from 1:10000 to 5:10000; for example from 5:10000 to 20:10000, such as from 20:10000 to 100:10000; for example from 100:10000 to 500:10000; such as from 500:10000 to 1000:10000; for example from 1000:10000 to 2000:10000; such as from 2000:10000 to 3000:10000; for example from 3000:10000 to 4000:10000; such as from 4000:10000 to 5000:10000; for example from 5000:10000 to 6000:10000; such as from 6000:10000 to 7000:10000; for example from 7000:10000 to 8000:10000; such as from 8000:10000 to 9000:10000.
    • 197. The bioactive agent according to any of items 7, 38 and 69, wherein the ratio R=b/a between a) the number of glucose monosaccharides and b) the number of glucuronic acid monosaccharides is about 0,0001, for example about 0,0005, such as about 0,001, for example about 0,005, such as about 0,01, for example about 0,05, such as about 0,1, for example about 0,2, such as about 0,3, for example about 0,4, such as about 0,5, for example about 0,6, such as about 0,7, for example about 0,8, such as about 0,9, for example about 1; for example from 1:10000 to 1, such as from 2:10000 to 1; for example from 4:10000 to 1; such as from 10:10000 to 1; for example from 20:10000 to 1; such as from 40:10000 to 1; for example from 80:10000 to 1; such as from 100:10000 to 1; for example from 100:10000 to 1; such as from 200:10000 to 1; for example from 250:10000 to 1; such as from 400:10000 to 1; for example from 500:10000 to 1; such as from 1000:10000 to 1; for example from 2000:10000 to 1; such as from 2500:10000 to 1; for example from 3000:10000 to 1; such as from 4000:10000 to 1; for example from 5000:10000 to 1; such as from 6000:10000 to 1; for example from 7000:10000 to 1; such as from 7500:10000 to 1; for example from 8000:10000 to 1; such as from 9000:10000 to 1; for example from 9500:10000 to 1; such as from 1:10000 to 5:10000; for example from 5:10000 to 20:10000, such as from 20:10000 to 100:10000; for example from 100:10000 to 500:10000; such as from 500:10000 to 1000:10000; for example from 1000:10000 to 2000:10000; such as from 2000:10000 to 3000:10000; for example from 3000:10000 to 4000:10000; such as from 4000:10000 to 5000:10000; for example from 5000:10000 to 6000:10000; such as from 6000:10000 to 7000:10000; for example from 7000:10000 to 8000:10000; such as from 8000:10000 to 9000:10000.
    • 198. The bioactive agent according to any of items 7, 38 and 69, wherein the ratio R=a/b between a) the number of glucose monosaccharides and b) the number of galactose monosaccharides is about 0,0001, for example about 0,0005, such as about 0,001, for example about 0,005, such as about 0,01, for example about 0,05, such as about 0,1, for example about 0,2, such as about 0,3, for example about 0,4, such as about 0,5, for example about 0,6, such as about 0,7, for example about 0,8, such as about 0,9, for example about 1; for example from 1:10000 to 1, such as from 2:10000 to 1; for example from 4:10000 to 1; such as from 10:10000 to 1; for example from 20:10000 to 1; such as from 40:10000 to 1; for example from 80:10000 to 1; such as from 100:10000 to 1; for example from 100:10000 to 1; such as from 200:10000 to 1; for example from 250:10000 to 1; such as from 400:10000 to 1; for example from 500:10000 to 1; such as from 1000:10000 to 1; for example from 2000:10000 to 1; such as from 2500:10000 to 1; for example from 3000:10000 to 1; such as from 4000:10000 to 1; for example from 5000:10000 to 1; such as from 6000:10000 to 1; for example from 7000:10000 to 1; such as from 7500:10000 to 1; for example from 8000:10000 to 1; such as from 9000:10000 to 1; for example from 9500:10000 to 1; such as from 1:10000 to 5:10000; for example from 5:10000 to 20:10000, such as from 20:10000 to 100:10000; for example from 100:10000 to 500:10000; such as from 500:10000 to 1000:10000; for example from 1000:10000 to 2000:10000; such as from 2000:10000 to 3000:10000; for example from 3000:10000 to 4000:10000; such as from 4000:10000 to 5000:10000; for example from 5000:10000 to 6000:10000; such as from 6000:10000 to 7000:10000; for example from 7000:10000 to 8000:10000; such as from 8000:10000 to 9000:10000.
    • 199. The bioactive agent according to any of items 7, 38 and 69, wherein the ratio R=b/a between a) the number of glucose monosaccharides and b) the number of galactose monosaccharides is about 0,0001, for example about 0,0005, such as about 0,001, for example about 0,005, such as about 0,01, for example about 0,05, such as about 0,1, for example about 0,2, such as about 0,3, for example about 0,4, such as about 0,5, for example about 0,6, such as about 0,7, for example about 0,8, such as about 0,9, for example about 1; for example from 1:10000 to 1, such as from 2:10000 to 1; for example from 4:10000 to 1; such as from 10:10000 to 1; for example from 20:10000 to 1; such as from 40:10000 to 1; for example from 80:10000 to 1; such as from 100:10000 to 1; for example from 100:10000 to 1; such as from 200:10000 to 1; for example from 250:10000 to 1; such as from 400:10000 to 1; for example from 500:10000 to 1; such as from 1000:10000 to 1; for example from 2000:10000 to 1; such as from 2500:10000 to 1; for example from 3000:10000 to 1; such as from 4000:10000 to 1; for example from 5000:10000 to 1; such as from 6000:10000 to 1; for example from 7000:10000 to 1; such as from 7500:10000 to 1; for example from 8000:10000 to 1; such as from 9000:10000 to 1; for example from 9500:10000 to 1; such as from 1:10000 to 5:10000; for example from 5:10000 to 20:10000, such as from 20:10000 to 100:10000; for example from 100:10000 to 500:10000; such as from 500:10000 to 1000:10000; for example from 1000:10000 to 2000:10000; such as from 2000:10000 to 3000:10000; for example from 3000:10000 to 4000:10000; such as from 4000:10000 to 5000:10000; for example from 5000:10000 to 6000:10000; such as from 6000:10000 to 7000:10000; for example from 7000:10000 to 8000:10000; such as from 8000:10000 to 9000:10000.
    • 200. The bioactive agent according to any of items 7, 38 and 69, wherein the ratio R=a/b between a) the number of glucose monosaccharides and b) the number of mannose monosaccharides is about 0,0001, for example about 0,0005, such as about 0,001, for example about 0,005, such as about 0,01, for example about 0,05, such as about 0,1, for example about 0,2, such as about 0,3, for example about 0,4, such as about 0,5, for example about 0,6, such as about 0,7, for example about 0,8, such as about 0,9, for example about 1; for example from 1:10000 to 1, such as from 2:10000 to 1; for example from 4:10000 to 1; such as from 10:10000 to 1; for example from 20:10000 to 1; such as from 40:10000 to 1; for example from 80:10000 to 1; such as from 100:10000 to 1; for example from 100:10000 to 1; such as from 200:10000 to 1; for example from 250:10000 to 1; such as from 400:10000 to 1; for example from 500:10000 to 1; such as from 1000:10000 to 1; for example from 2000:10000 to 1; such as from 2500:10000 to 1; for example from 3000:10000 to 1; such as from 4000:10000 to 1; for example from 5000:10000 to 1; such as from 6000:10000 to 1; for example from 7000:10000 to 1; such as from 7500:10000 to 1; for example from 8000:10000 to 1; such as from 9000:10000 to 1; for example from 9500:10000 to 1; such as from 1:10000 to 5:10000; for example from 5:10000 to 20:10000, such as from 20:10000 to 100:10000; for example from 100:10000 to 500:10000; such as from 500:10000 to 1000:10000; for example from 1000:10000 to 2000:10000; such as from 2000:10000 to 3000:10000; for example from 3000:10000 to 4000:10000; such as from 4000:10000 to 5000:10000; for example from 5000:10000 to 6000:10000; such as from 6000:10000 to 7000:10000; for example from 7000:10000 to 8000:10000; such as from 8000:10000 to 9000:10000.
    • 201. The bioactive agent according to any of items 7, 38 and 69, wherein the ratio R=b/a between a) the number of glucose monosaccharides and b) the number of mannose monosaccharides is about 0,0001, for example about 0,0005, such as about 0,001, for example about 0,005, such as about 0,01, for example about 0,05, such as about 0,1, for example about 0,2, such as about 0,3, for example about 0,4, such as about 0,5, for example about 0,6, such as about 0,7, for example about 0,8, such as about 0,9, for example about 1; for example from 1:10000 to 1, such as from 2:10000 to 1; for example from 4:10000 to 1; such as from 10:10000 to 1; for example from 20:10000 to 1; such as from 40:10000 to 1; for example from 80:10000 to 1; such as from 100:10000 to 1; for example from 100:10000 to 1; such as from 200:10000 to 1; for example from 250:10000 to 1; such as from 400:10000 to 1; for example from 500:10000 to 1; such as from 1000:10000 to 1; for example from 2000:10000 to 1; such as from 2500:10000 to 1; for example from 3000:10000 to 1; such as from 4000:10000 to 1; for example from 5000:10000 to 1; such as from 6000:10000 to 1; for example from 7000:10000 to 1; such as from 7500:10000 to 1; for example from 8000:10000 to 1; such as from 9000:10000 to 1; for example from 9500:10000 to 1; such as from 1:10000 to 5:10000; for example from 5:10000 to 20:10000, such as from 20:10000 to 100:10000; for example from 100:10000 to 500:10000; such as from 500:10000 to 1000:10000; for example from 1000:10000 to 2000:10000; such as from 2000:10000 to 3000:10000; for example from 3000:10000 to 4000:10000; such as from 4000:10000 to 5000:10000; for example from 5000:10000 to 6000:10000; such as from 6000:10000 to 7000:10000; for example from 7000:10000 to 8000:10000; such as from 8000:10000 to 9000:10000.
    • 202. The bioactive agent according to any of items 7, 38 and 69, wherein the ratio R=a/b between a) the number of glucose monosaccharides and b) the number of arabinose monosaccharides is about 0,0001, for example about 0,0005, such as about 0,001, for example about 0,005, such as about 0,01, for example about 0,05, such as about 0,1, for example about 0,2, such as about 0,3, for example about 0,4, such as about 0,5, for example about 0,6, such as about 0,7, for example about 0,8, such as about 0,9, for example about 1; for example from 1:10000 to 1, such as from 2:10000 to 1; for example from 4:10000 to 1; such as from 10:10000 to 1; for example from 20:10000 to 1; such as from 40:10000 to 1; for example from 80:10000 to 1; such as from 100:10000 to 1; for example from 100:10000 to 1; such as from 200:10000 to 1; for example from 250:10000 to 1; such as from 400:10000 to 1; for example from 500:10000 to 1; such as from 1000:10000 to 1; for example from 2000:10000 to 1; such as from 2500:10000 to 1; for example from 3000:10000 to 1; such as from 4000:10000 to 1; for example from 5000:10000 to 1; such as from 6000:10000 to 1; for example from 7000:10000 to 1; such as from 7500:10000 to 1; for example from 8000:10000 to 1; such as from 9000:10000 to 1; for example from 9500:10000 to 1; such as from 1:10000 to 5:10000; for example from 5:10000 to 20:10000, such as from 20:10000 to 100:10000; for example from 100:10000 to 500:10000; such as from 500:10000 to 1000:10000; for example from 1000:10000 to 2000:10000; such as from 2000:10000 to 3000:10000; for example from 3000:10000 to 4000:10000; such as from 4000:10000 to 5000:10000; for example from 5000:10000 to 6000:10000; such as from 6000:10000 to 7000:10000; for example from 7000:10000 to 8000:10000; such as from 8000:10000 to 9000:10000.
    • 203. The bioactive agent according to any of items 7, 38 and 69, wherein the ratio R=b/a between a) the number of glucose monosaccharides and b) the number of arabinose monosaccharides is about 0,0001, for example about 0,0005, such as about 0,001, for example about 0,005, such as about 0,01, for example about 0,05, such as about 0,1, for example about 0,2, such as about 0,3, for example about 0,4, such as about 0,5, for example about 0,6, such as about 0,7, for example about 0,8, such as about 0,9, for example about 1; for example from 1:10000 to 1, such as from 2:10000 to 1; for example from 4:10000 to 1; such as from 10:10000 to 1; for example from 20:10000 to 1; such as from 40:10000 to 1; for example from 80:10000 to 1; such as from 100:10000 to 1; for example from 100:10000 to 1; such as from 200:10000 to 1; for example from 250:10000 to 1; such as from 400:10000 to 1; for example from 500:10000 to 1; such as from 1000:10000 to 1; for example from 2000:10000 to 1; such as from 2500:10000 to 1; for example from 3000:10000 to 1; such as from 4000:10000 to 1; for example from 5000:10000 to 1; such as from 6000:10000 to 1; for example from 7000:10000 to 1; such as from 7500:10000 to 1; for example from 8000:10000 to 1; such as from 9000:10000 to 1; for example from 9500:10000 to 1; such as from 1:10000 to 5:10000; for example from 5:10000 to 20:10000, such as from 20:10000 to 100:10000; for example from 100:10000 to 500:10000; such as from 500:10000 to 1000:10000; for example from 1000:10000 to 2000:10000; such as from 2000:10000 to 3000:10000; for example from 3000:10000 to 4000:10000; such as from 4000:10000 to 5000:10000; for example from 5000:10000 to 6000:10000; such as from 6000:10000 to 7000:10000; for example from 7000:10000 to 8000:10000; such as from 8000:10000 to 9000:10000.
    • 204. The bioactive agent according to any of items 7, 38 and 69, wherein the ratio R=a/b between a) the number of glucose monosaccharides and b) the number of xylose monosaccharides is about 0,0001, for example about 0,0005, such as about 0,001, for example about 0,005, such as about 0,01, for example about 0,05, such as about 0,1, for example about 0,2, such as about 0,3, for example about 0,4, such as about 0,5, for example about 0,6, such as about 0,7, for example about 0,8, such as about 0,9, for example about 1; for example from 1:10000 to 1, such as from 2:10000 to 1; for example from 4:10000 to 1; such as from 10:10000 to 1; for example from 20:10000 to 1; such as from 40:10000 to 1; for example from 80:10000 to 1; such as from 100:10000 to 1; for example from 100:10000 to 1; such as from 200:10000 to 1; for example from 250:10000 to 1; such as from 400:10000 to 1; for example from 500:10000 to 1; such as from 1000:10000 to 1; for example from 2000:10000 to 1; such as from 2500:10000 to 1; for example from 3000:10000 to 1; such as from 4000:10000 to 1; for example from 5000:10000 to 1; such as from 6000:10000 to 1; for example from 7000:10000 to 1; such as from 7500:10000 to 1; for example from 8000:10000 to 1; such as from 9000:10000 to 1; for example from 9500:10000 to 1; such as from 1:10000 to 5:10000; for example from 5:10000 to 20:10000, such as from 20:10000 to 100:10000; for example from 100:10000 to 500:10000; such as from 500:10000 to 1000:10000; for example from 1000:10000 to 2000:10000; such as from 2000:10000 to 3000:10000; for example from 3000:10000 to 4000:10000; such as from 4000:10000 to 5000:10000; for example from 5000:10000 to 6000:10000; such as from 6000:10000 to 7000:10000; for example from 7000:10000 to 8000:10000; such as from 8000:10000 to 9000:10000.
    • 205. The bioactive agent according to any of items 7, 38 and 69, wherein the ratio R=b/a between a) the number of glucose monosaccharides and b) the number of xylose monosaccharides is about 0,0001, for example about 0,0005, such as about 0,001, for example about 0,005, such as about 0,01, for example about 0,05, such as about 0,1, for example about 0,2, such as about 0,3, for example about 0,4, such as about 0,5, for example about 0,6, such as about 0,7, for example about 0,8, such as about 0,9, for example about 1; for example from 1:10000 to 1, such as from 2:10000 to 1; for example from 4:10000 to 1; such as from 10:10000 to 1; for example from 20:10000 to 1; such as from 40:10000 to 1; for example from 80:10000 to 1; such as from 100:10000 to 1; for example from 100:10000 to 1; such as from 200:10000 to 1; for example from 250:10000 to 1; such as from 400:10000 to 1; for example from 500:10000 to 1; such as from 1000:10000 to 1; for example from 2000:10000 to 1; such as from 2500:10000 to 1; for example from 3000:10000 to 1; such as from 4000:10000 to 1; for example from 5000:10000 to 1; such as from 6000:10000 to 1; for example from 7000:10000 to 1; such as from 7500:10000 to 1; for example from 8000:10000 to 1; such as from 9000:10000 to 1; for example from 9500:10000 to 1; such as from 1:10000 to 5:10000; for example from 5:10000 to 20:10000, such as from 20:10000 to 100:10000; for example from 100:10000 to 500:10000; such as from 500:10000 to 1000:10000; for example from 1000:10000 to 2000:10000; such as from 2000:10000 to 3000:10000; for example from 3000:10000 to 4000:10000; such as from 4000:10000 to 5000:10000; for example from 5000:10000 to 6000:10000; such as from 6000:10000 to 7000:10000; for example from 7000:10000 to 8000:10000; such as from 8000:10000 to 9000:10000.
    • 206. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide comprises a structural component in the back bone comprising beta-1,2-linked D-mannopyranosyl residues and a structural component in the side chains comprising beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues.
    • 207. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide is a complex comprising a (1,4)-alpha-D-glucan and a (1,6)-beta glucan.
    • 208. The bioactive agent according to item 2, wherein the polysaccharide is a complex comprising a (1,4)-alpha-D-glucan and a (1,6)-alpha glucan.
    • 209. The bioactive agent according to any of the above items 1 to 208, wherein said bioactive agent is produced by liquid cultivation of a Basidiomycete cell selected from the group consisting of cells belonging to the subclasses of Agaricomycetidae, Exobasidiomycetidae, Tremellomycetidae and Ustilaginomycetidae.
    • 210. The bioactive agent according to item 209, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected form the subclass of Agaricomycetidae.
    • 211. The bioactive agent according to item 209, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected form the subclass of Exobasidiomycetidae.
    • 212. The bioactive agent according to item 209, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected form the subclass of Tremellomyceditae.
    • 213. The bioactive agent according to item 209, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected form the subclass of Ustilaginomycetidae.
    • 214. The bioactive agent according to item 1 to 208, wherein said bioactive agent is produced by liquid cultivation of a Basidiomycete cell selected from the group consisting of cells belonging to the orders of Agaricales, Boletales, Cantheralles, Ceratobasidiales, Dacrymycetales, Hymenochaetales, Phallales, Polyporales, Poriales, Russulales, Thelphorales, Auriculariales, Christianseniales, Cystofilobasidiales, Filobasidiales, Tremellaleles, Tulasenellales and Urocystales.
    • 215. The bioactive agent according to item 214, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected from the order of Agaricales.
    • 216. The bioactive agent according to item 215, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a family selected from the group consisting of Agaricaceae, Bolbitiaceae, Broomeiaceae, Clavariaceae, Coprinaceae, Cortinariaceae, Entolomataceae, Fistulinaceae, Gigaspermaceae, Hemigasteraceae, Hydnangiaceae, Lycoperdaceae, Marasmiaceae, Mesophelliaceae, Mycenastraceae, Niaceae, Nidulariaceae, Phelloriniaceae, Pleurotaceae, Pluteaceae, Pterulaceae, Schizophyllaceae, Stromatocyphaceae, Strophariaceae, Tricholomataceae, Tulostomataceae, Typhulaceae and Xerulaceae.
    • 217. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Agaricaceae.
    • 218. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Bolbitiaceae.
    • 219. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Broomeiaceae.
    • 220. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Clavariaceae.
    • 221. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Coprinaceae.
    • 222. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Cortinariaceae.
    • 223. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Entolomataceae.
    • 224. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Fistulinaceae.
    • 225. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Gigaspermaceae.
    • 226. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Hemigasteraceae.
    • 227. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Hydnangiaceae.
    • 228. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Lycoperdaceae.
    • 229. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Marasmiaceae.
    • 230. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Mesophelliaceae.
    • 231. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Mycenastraceae.
    • 232. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Niaceae.
    • 233. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Nidulariaceae.
    • 234. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Phelloriniaceae.
    • 235. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Pleurotaceae.
    • 236. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Pluteaceae.
    • 237. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Pterulaceae.
    • 238. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Schizophyllaceae.
    • 239. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Stromatocyphaceae.
    • 240. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Strophariaceae.
    • 241. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Tricholomataceae.
    • 242. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Tulostomataceae.
    • 243. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Typhulaceae.
    • 244. The bioactive agent according to item 216, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Xerulaceae.
    • 245. The bioactive agent according to item 214, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected from the order of Polyporales.
    • 246. The bioactive agent according to item 245, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a family selected from the group consisting of Albatrellaceae, Atheliaceae, Boreostereaceae, Corticiaceae, Cyphellaceae, Cystostereaceae, Epitheliaceae, Fomitopsidaceae, Ganodermataceae, Gloeophyllaceae, Grammotheleaceae, Hapalopilaceae, Hyphodermataceae, Meripilaceae, Meruliaceae, Phanerochaetaceae, Podoscyphaceae, Polyporaceae, Sistotremataceae, Sparassidaceae, Steccherinaceae, Tubulicrinaceae and Xenasmataceae.
    • 247. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Albatrellaceae.
    • 248. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Atheliaceae.
    • 249. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Boreostereaceae.
    • 250. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Corticiaceae.
    • 251. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Cyphellaceae.
    • 252. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Cystostereaceae.
    • 253. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Epitheliaceae.
    • 254. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Fomitopsidaceae.
    • 255. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Ganodermataceae.
    • 256. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Gloeophyllaceae.
    • 257. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Grammotheleaceae.
    • 258. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Hapalopilaceae.
    • 259. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Hyphodermataceae.
    • 260. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Meripilaceae.
    • 261. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Meruliaceae.
    • 262. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Phanerochaetaceae.
    • 263. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Podoscyphaceae.
    • 264. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Polyporaceae.
    • 265. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Sistotremataceae.
    • 266. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Sparassidaceae.
    • 267. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Steccherinaceae.
    • 268. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Tubulicrinaceae.
    • 269. The bioactive agent according to item 246, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Xenasmataceae.
    • 270. The bioactive agent according to item 214, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected from the order of Boletales.
    • 271. The bioactive agent according to item 270, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a family selected from the group consisting of Boletaceae, Boletinellaceae, Coniophoraceae, Diplocystaceae, Gasterellaceae, Gastrosporiaceae, Gomphidiaceae, Gyroporaceae, Hygrophoropsidaceae, Hymenogasteraceae, Leucogastraceae, Melanogastraceae, Octavianiaceae, Octavianinaceae, Paxillaceae, Protogastraceae, Rhizopogonaceae, Sclerodermataceae and Suillaceae.
    • 272. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Boletaceae.
    • 273. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Boletinellaceae.
    • 274. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Coniophoraceae.
    • 275. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Diplocystaceae.
    • 276. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Gasterellaceae.
    • 277. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Gastrosporiaceae.
    • 278. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Gomphidiaceae.
    • 279. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Gyroporaceae.
    • 280. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Hygrophoropsidaceae.
    • 281. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Hymenogasteraceae.
    • 282. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Leucogastraceae.
    • 283. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Melanogastraceae.
    • 284. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Octavianiaceae.
    • 285. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Octavianinaceae.
    • 286. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Paxillaceae.
    • 287. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Protogastraceae.
    • 288. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Rhizopogonaceae.
    • 289. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Sclerodermataceae.
    • 290. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Suillaceae.
    • 291. The bioactive agent according to item 214, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected from the order of Cantheralles.
    • 292. The bioactive agent according to item 291, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a family selected from the group consisting of Aphelariaceae, Botryobasidiaceae, Cantharellaceae, Clavulinaceae, and Hydnaceae.
    • 293. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Aphelariaceae.
    • 294. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Botryobasidiaceae.
    • 295. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Cantharellaceae.
    • 296. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Clavulinaceae.
    • 297. The bioactive agent according to item 271, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Hydnaceae.
    • 298. The bioactive agent according to item 214, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected from the order of Ceratobasidiales.
    • 299. The bioactive agent according to item 298, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a family selected from the group consisting of Ceratobasidiaceae and Oliveoniaceae.
    • 300. The bioactive agent according to item 299, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Ceratobasidiaceae.
    • 301. The bioactive agent according to item 299, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Oliveoniaceae.
    • 302. The bioactive agent according to item 214, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected from the order of Dacrymycetales.
    • 303. The bioactive agent according to item 302, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a family selected from the group consisting of Cerinomycetaceae and Dacrymycetaceae.
    • 304. The bioactive agent according to item 303, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Cerinomycetaceae.
    • 305. The bioactive agent according to item 303, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Dacrymycetaceae.
    • 306. The bioactive agent according to item 214, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected from the order of Hymenochaetales.
    • 307. The bioactive agent according to item 306, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a family selected from the group consisting of Asterostromataceae, Hymenochaetaceae and Schizoporaceae.
    • 308. The bioactive agent according to item 307, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Asterostromataceae.
    • 309. The bioactive agent according to item 307, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Hymenochaetaceae.
    • 310. The bioactive agent according to item 307, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Schizoporaceae.
    • 311. The bioactive agent according to item 214, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected from the order of Phallales.
    • 312. The bioactive agent according to item 311, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a family selected from the group consisting of Geastraceae, Gomphaceae, Hysterangiaceae, Phallaceae and Ramariaceae.
    • 313. The bioactive agent according to item 312, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Geastraceae.
    • 314. The bioactive agent according to item 312, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Gomphaceae.
    • 315. The bioactive agent according to item 312, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Hysterangiaceae.
    • 316. The bioactive agent according to item 312, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Phallaceae.
    • 317. The bioactive agent according to item 312, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Ramariaceae.
    • 318. The bioactive agent according to item 214, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected from the order of Poriales.
    • 319. The bioactive agent according to item 318, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a family of Polyporaceae.
    • 320. The bioactive agent according to item 214, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected from the order of Russulales.
    • 321. The bioactive agent according to item 320, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a family selected from the group consisting of Auriscalpiaceae, Bondarzewiaceae, Echinodontiaceae, Hericiaceae, Hybogasteraceae, Lachnocladiaceae, Peniophoraceae, Phanerochaetaceae, Russulaceae, Stephanosporaceae and Stereaceae.
    • 322. The bioactive agent according to item 321, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Auriscalpiaceae.
    • 323. The bioactive agent according to item 321, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Bondarzewiaceae.
    • 324. The bioactive agent according to item 321, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Echinodontiaceae.
    • 325. The bioactive agent according to item 321, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Hericiaceae.
    • 326. The bioactive agent according to item 321, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Hybogasteraceae.
    • 327. The bioactive agent according to item 321, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Lachnocladiaceae.
    • 328. The bioactive agent according to item 321, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Peniophoraceae.
    • 329. The bioactive agent according to item 321, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Phanerochaetaceae.
    • 330. The bioactive agent according to item 321, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Russulaceae.
    • 331. The bioactive agent according to item 321, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Stephanosporaceae.
    • 332. The bioactive agent according to item 321, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Stereaceae.
    • 333. The bioactive agent according to item 214, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected from the order of Thelophorales.
    • 334. The bioactive agent according to item 333, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a family selected from the group consisting of Bankeraceae and Thelephoraceae.
    • 335. The bioactive agent according to item 334, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Bankeraceae.
    • 336. The bioactive agent according to item 334, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Thelephoraceae.
    • 337. The bioactive agent according to item 214, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected from the order of Auriculariales.
    • 338. The bioactive agent according to item 337, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Auriculariaceae.
    • 339. The bioactive agent according to item 214, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected from the order of Christianseniales.
    • 340. The bioactive agent according to item 339, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Christianseniaceae.
    • 341. The bioactive agent according to item 214, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected from the order of Cystofilobasidiales.
    • 342. The bioactive agent according to item 341, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Cystofilobasidiaceae.
    • 343. The bioactive agent according to item 214, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected from the order of Filobasidiales.
    • 344. The bioactive agent according to item 343, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Filobasidiaceae.
    • 345. The bioactive agent according to item 214, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected from the order of Tremellales.
    • 346. The bioactive agent according to item 345, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a family selected from the group consisting of Aporpiaceae, Cuniculitremaceae, Exidiaceae, Hyaloriaceae, Phragmoxenidiaceae, Rhynchogastremataceae, Sirobasidiaceae, Syzygosporaceae, Tetragoniomycetaceae, Tremellaceae and Tremellodendropsidaceae.
    • 347. The bioactive agent according to item 346, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Aporpiaceae.
    • 348. The bioactive agent according to item 346, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Cuniculitremaceae.
    • 349. The bioactive agent according to item 346, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Exidiaceae.
    • 350. The bioactive agent according to item 346, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Hyaloriaceae.
    • 351. The bioactive agent according to item 346, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Phragmoxenidiaceae.
    • 352. The bioactive agent according to item 346, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Rhynchogastremataceae.
    • 353. The bioactive agent according to item 346, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Sirobasidiaceae.
    • 354. The bioactive agent according to item 346, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Syzygosporaceae.
    • 355. The bioactive agent according to item 346, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Tetragoniomycetaceae.
    • 356. The bioactive agent according to item 346, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Tremellaceae.
    • 357. The bioactive agent according to item 346, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Tremellodendropsidaceae.
    • 358. The bioactive agent according to item 214, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected from the order of Tulasenellales.
    • 359. The bioactive agent according to item 358, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Tulasnellaceae.
    • 360. The bioactive agent according to item 214, wherein the Basidiomycete cell is selected from the order of Urocystales.
    • 361. The bioactive agent according to item 360, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the family of Urocystaceae.
    • 362. The bioactive agent according to item 217, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Agaricus, Amanita, Amylolepiota, Araneosa, Artymenium, Attamyces, Barcheria, Cauloglossum, Chainoderma, Chamaemyces, Chitonia, Chitoniella, Chitonis, Chlorolepiota, Chlorophyllum, Chlorosperma, Chlorospora, Clarkeinda, Clavogaster, Coccobotrys, Crucispora, Cystoagaricus, Cystolepiota, Drosella, Endolepiotula, Fungus, Fusispora, Gasterellopsis, Glaucospora, Gymnogaster, Gyrophragmium, Heinemannomyces, Herculea, Hiatulopsis, Holocotylon, Horakia, Hymenagaricus, Hypogaea, Hypophyllum, Lepidotus, Lepiotella, Lepiotula, Leucoagaricus, Leucobolbitius, Leucocoprinus, Longia, Longula, Macrolepiota, Mastocephalus, Melanophyllum, Metraria, Metrodia, Micropsalliota, Montagnea, Montagnites, Morobia, Myces, Neosecotium, Notholepiota, Panaeolopsis, Phaeopholiota, Phlebonema, Phyllogaster, Podaxis, Polyplocium, Pseudoauricularia, Pulverolepiota, Rickella, Rugosospora, Schinzinia, Schulzeria, Schweinitzia, Secotium, Sericeomyces, Singerina, Smithiogaster, Smithiomyces, Stellifera, Termiticola, Verrucospora, Volvigerum, Volvolepiota and Xanthagaricus.
    • 363. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Agaricus.
    • 364. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amanita.
    • 365. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amylolepiota.
    • 366. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Araneosa.
    • 367. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Artymenium.
    • 368. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Attamyces.
    • 369. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Barcheria.
    • 370. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cauloglossum.
    • 371. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chainoderma.
    • 372. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chamaemyces.
    • 373. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chitonia.
    • 374. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chitoniella.
    • 375. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chitonis.
    • 376. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chlorolepiota.
    • 377. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chlorophyllum.
    • 378. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chlorosperma.
    • 379. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chlorospora.
    • 380. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Clarkeinda.
    • 381. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Clavogaster.
    • 382. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Coccobotrys.
    • 383. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Crucispora.
    • 384. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cystoagaricus.
    • 385. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cystolepiota.
    • 386. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Drosella.
    • 387. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Endolepiotula.
    • 388. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Fungus.
    • 389. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Fusispora.
    • 390. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gasterellopsis.
    • 391. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Glaucospora.
    • 392. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gymnogaster.
    • 393. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gyrophragmium.
    • 394. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Heinemannomyces.
    • 395. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Herculea.
    • 396. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hiatulopsis.
    • 397. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Holocotylon.
    • 398. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Horakia.
    • 399. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hymenagaricus.
    • 400. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hypogaea.
    • 401. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hypophyllum.
    • 402. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lepidotus.
    • 403. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lepiotella.
    • 404. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lepiotula.
    • 405. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leucoagaricus.
    • 406. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leucobolbitius.
    • 407. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leucocoprinus.
    • 408. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Longia.
    • 409. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Longula.
    • 410. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Macrolepiota.
    • 411. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mastocephalus.
    • 412. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Melanophyllum.
    • 413. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Metraria.
    • 414. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Metrodia.
    • 415. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Micropsalliota.
    • 416. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Montagnea.
    • 417. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Montagnites.
    • 418. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Morobia.
    • 419. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Myces.
    • 420. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Neosecotium.
    • 421. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Notholepiota.
    • 422. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Panaeolopsis.
    • 423. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeopholiota.
    • 424. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phlebonema.
    • 425. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phyllogaster.
    • 426. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Podaxis.
    • 427. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Polyplocium.
    • 428. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudoauricularia.
    • 429. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pulverolepiota.
    • 430. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rickella.
    • 431. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rugosospora.
    • 432. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Schinzinia.
    • 433. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Schulzeria.
    • 434. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Schweinitzia.
    • 435. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Secotium. 436. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sericeomyces.
    • 437. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Singerina.
    • 438. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Smithiogaster.
    • 439. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Smithiomyces.
    • 440. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Stellifera.
    • 441. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Termiticola.
    • 442. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Verrucospora.
    • 443. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Volvigerum.
    • 444. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Volvolepiota.
    • 445. The bioactive agent according to item 362, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Xanthagaricus.
    • 446. The bioactive agent according to item 218, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Acetabularia, Agrocybe, Agrogaster, Alnicola, Anellaria, Bolbitius, Bulla, Campanularius, Chalymmota, Conocybe, Copelandia, Coprinarius, Cyclocybe, Cyclopus, Cyphellopus, Cyttarophyllopsis, Cyttarophyllum, Galerella, Galeropsis, Gastrocybe, Gymnoglossum, Hebeloma, Hebelomatis, Hylophila, Myxocybe, Naucoria, Panaeolina, Panaeolus, Pholiotella, Pholiotina, Picromyces, Pluteolus, Psammomyces, Pseudoconocybe, Pseudodeconica, Ptychella, Raddetes, Roumeguerites, Sarcoloma, Setchelliogaster, Togaria, Tubariella, Tubariopsis, Tympanella and Wielandomyces.
    • 447. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Acetabularia.
    • 448. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Agrocybe.
    • 449. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Agrogaster.
    • 450. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Alnicola.
    • 451. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Anellaria.
    • 452. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Bolbitius.
    • 453. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Bulla.
    • 454. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Campanularius.
    • 455. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chalymmota.
    • 456. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Conocybe.
    • 457. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Copelandia.
    • 458. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Coprinarius.
    • 459. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cyclocybe.
    • 460. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cyclopus.
    • 461. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cyphellopus.
    • 462. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cyttarophyllopsis.
    • 463. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cyttarophyllum.
    • 464. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Galerella.
    • 465. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Galeropsis.
    • 466. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gastrocybe.
    • 467. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gymnoglossum.
    • 468. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hebeloma.
    • 469. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hebelomatis.
    • 470. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hylophila.
    • 471. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Myxocybe.
    • 472. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Naucoria.
    • 473. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Panaeolina.
    • 474. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Panaeolus.
    • 475. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pholiotella.
    • 476. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pholiotina.
    • 477. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Picromyces.
    • 478. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pluteolus.
    • 479. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Psammomyces.
    • 480. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudoconocybe.
    • 481. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudodeconica.
    • 482. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ptychella.
    • 483. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Raddetes.
    • 484. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Roumeguerites.
    • 485. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sarcoloma.
    • 486. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Setchelliogaster.
    • 487. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Togaria.
    • 488. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tubarieila.
    • 489. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tubariopsis.
    • 490. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tympanella. 491. The bioactive agent according to item 446, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Wielandomyces.
    • 492. The bioactive agent according to item 219, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Broomeia.
    • 493. The bioactive agent according to item 220, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Capitoclavaria, Clavaria, Clavulinopsis, Cornicularia, Donkella, Holocoryne, Macrotyphula, Manina, Multiclavula, Podostrombium, Ramaria, Ramariopsis, Scytinopogon, Setigeroclavula and Stichoclavaria.
    • 494. The bioactive agent according to item 493, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Capitoclavaria.
    • 495. The bioactive agent according to item 493, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Clavaria.
    • 496. The bioactive agent according to item 493, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Clavulinopsis.
    • 497. The bioactive agent according to item 493, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cornicularia.
    • 498. The bioactive agent according to item 493, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Donkella.
    • 499. The bioactive agent according to item 493, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Holocoryne.
    • 500. The bioactive agent according to item 493, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Macrotyphula.
    • 501. The bioactive agent according to item 493, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Manina.
    • 502. The bioactive agent according to item 493, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Multiclavula.
    • 503. The bioactive agent according to item 493, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Podostrombium.
    • 504. The bioactive agent according to item 493, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ramaria.
    • 505. The bioactive agent according to item 493, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ramariopsis.
    • 506. The bioactive agent according to item 493, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Scytinopogon.
    • 507. The bioactive agent according to item 493, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Setigeroclavula.
    • 508. The bioactive agent according to item 493, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Stichoclavaria.
    • 509. The bioactive agent according to item 221, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Annularius, Astylospora, Coprinellus, Coprinopsis, Coprinus, Coprinusella, Cortiniopsis, Drosophila, Ephemerocybe, Gasteroagaricoides, Glyptospora, Gymnochilus, Homophron, Hypholomopsis, Lacrymaria, Lentispora, Macrometrula, Onchopus, Palaeocybe, Pannucia, Parasola, Pluteopsis, Psalliotina, Psammocoparius, Psathyra, Psathyrella, Pselliophora, Pseudocoprinus, Psilocybe, Rhacophyllus, Xerocoprinus and Zerovaemyces.
    • 510. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Annularius.
    • 511. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Astylospora.
    • 512. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Coprinellus.
    • 513. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Coprinopsis.
    • 514. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Coprinus.
    • 515. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Coprinusella.
    • 516. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cortiniopsis.
    • 517. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Drosophila.
    • 518. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ephemerocybe.
    • 519. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gasteroagaricoides.
    • 520. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Glyptospora.
    • 521. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gymnochilus.
    • 522. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Homophron.
    • 523. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hypholomopsis.
    • 524. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lacrymaria.
    • 525. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lentispora.
    • 526. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Macrometrula.
    • 527. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Onchopus.
    • 528. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Palaeocybe.
    • 529. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pannucia.
    • 530. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Parasola.
    • 531. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pluteopsis.
    • 532. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Psalliotina.
    • 533. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Psammocoparius.
    • 534. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Psathyra.
    • 535. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Psathyrella.
    • 536. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pselliophora.
    • 537. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudocoprinus.
    • 538. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Psilocybe.
    • 539. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rhacophyllus.
    • 540. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Xerocoprinus.
    • 541. The bioactive agent according to item 509, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Zerovaemyces.
    • 542. The bioactive agent according to item 222, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Agmocybe, Anamika, Aroramyces, Astrosporina, Bulbopodium, Calathinus, Cereicium, Chromocyphella, Clypeus, Cortinarius, Crepidotus, Cribbea, Cuphocybe, Cyanicium, Cymbella, Cyphellathelia, Cystocybe, Dermocybe, Descolea, Dochmiopus, Epicorticium, Episphaeria, Flammulaster, Flocculina, Fulvidula, Galera, Galerina, Galerula, Gomphos, Gymnopilus, Hebelomina, Horakomyces, Hydrocybe, Hydrocybium, Hydrotelamonia, Hygramaricium, Hygromyxacium, Inocibium, Inocybe, Inocybella, Inoloma, Kjeldsenia, Leucocortinarius, Leucopus, Locellina, Mackintoshia, Marasmiopsis, Melanomphalia, Meliderma, Mycolevis, Myxacium, Myxopholis, Nanstelocephala, Octojuga, Pellidiscus, Phaeocarpus, Phaeocollybia, Phaeocyphella, Phaeogalera, Phaeoglabrotricha, Phaeomarasmius, Phaeosolenia, Phialocybe, Phlegmacium, Pholidotopsis, Pleurotellus, Pseudodescolea, Pseudogymnopilus, Pyrrhoglossum, Quercella, Ram icola, Rapacea, Raphanozon, Rozites, Sericeocybe, Simocybe, Sphaerotrachys, Squamaphlegma, Stagnicola, Stephanopus, Telamonia, Thaxterogaster, Tremellastrum, Tremellopsis, Tubaria, Velomycena and Weinzettlia.
    • 543. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Agmocybe.
    • 544. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Anamika.
    • 545. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Aroramyces.
    • 546. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Astrosporina.
    • 547. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Bulbopodium.
    • 548. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Calathinus.
    • 549. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cereicium.
    • 550. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chromocyphella.
    • 551. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Clypeus.
    • 552. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cortinarius.
    • 553. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Crepidotus.
    • 554. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cribbea.
    • 555. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cuphocybe.
    • 556. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cyanicium.
    • 557. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cymbella.
    • 558. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cyphellathelia.
    • 559. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cystocybe.
    • 560. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dermocybe.
    • 561. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Descolea.
    • 562. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dochmiopus.
    • 563. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Epicorticium.
    • 564. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Episphaeria.
    • 565. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Flammulaster.
    • 566. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Flocculina.
    • 567. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Fulvidula.
    • 568. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Galera.
    • 569. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Galerina.
    • 570. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Galerula.
    • 571. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gomphos.
    • 572. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gymnopilus.
    • 573. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hebelomina.
    • 574. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Horakomyces.
    • 575. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hydrocybe.
    • 576. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hydrocybium.
    • 577. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hydrotelamonia.
    • 578. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hygramaricium.
    • 579. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hygromyxacium.
    • 580. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Inocibium.
    • 581. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Inocybe.
    • 582. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Inocybella.
    • 583. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Inoloma.
    • 584. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Kjeldsenia.
    • 585. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leucocortinarius.
    • 586. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leucopus.
    • 587. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Locellina.
    • 588. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mackintoshia.
    • 589. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Marasmiopsis.
    • 590. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Melanomphalia.
    • 591. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Meliderma.
    • 592. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mycolevis.
    • 593. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Myxacium.
    • 594. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Myxopholis.
    • 595. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Nanstelocephala.
    • 596. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Octojuga.
    • 597. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pellidiscus.
    • 598. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeocarpus.
    • 599. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeocollybia.
    • 600. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeocyphella.
    • 601. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeogalera.
    • 602. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeoglabrotricha.
    • 603. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeomarasmius.
    • 604. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeosolenia.
    • 605. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phialocybe.
    • 606. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phlegmacium.
    • 607. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pholidotopsis.
    • 608. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pleurotellus.
    • 609. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudodescolea.
    • 610. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudogymnopilus.
    • 611. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pyrrhoglossum.
    • 612. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Quercella.
    • 613. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ramicola.
    • 614. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rapacea.
    • 615. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Raphanozon.
    • 616. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rozites.
    • 617. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sericeocybe.
    • 618. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Simocybe.
    • 619. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sphaerotrachys.
    • 620. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Squamaphlegma.
    • 621. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Stagnicola.
    • 622. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Stephanopus.
    • 623. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Telamonia.
    • 624. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Thaxterogaster.
    • 625. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tremellastrum.
    • 626. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tremellopsis.
    • 627. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tubaria.
    • 628. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Velomycena.
    • 629. The bioactive agent according to item 542, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Weinzettlia.
    • 630. The bioactive agent according to item 223, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Alboleptonia, Arenicola, Calliderma, Claudopus, Clitopiloidea, Clitopilopsis, Clitopilus, Eccilia, Entoloma, Fibropilus, Hexajuga, Hirneola, Inocephalus, Inopilus, Lanolea, Latzinaea, Leptonia, Leptoniella, Nigropogon, Nolanea, Omphaliopsis, Orcella, Paraeccilia, Paraleptonia, Paxillopsis, Pouzarella, Pouzaromyces, Rhodocybe, Rhodocybella, Rhodogaster, Rhodophana, Rhodophyllus, Richoniella and Trichopilus.
    • 631. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Alboleptonia.
    • 632. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Arenicola.
    • 633. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Calliderma.
    • 634. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Claudopus.
    • 635. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Clitopiloidea.
    • 636. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Clitopilopsis.
    • 637. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Clitopilus.
    • 638. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Eccilia.
    • 639. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Entoloma.
    • 640. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Fibropilus.
    • 641. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hexajuga.
    • 642. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hirneola.
    • 643. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Inocephalus.
    • 644. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Inopilus.
    • 645. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lanolea.
    • 646. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Latzinaea.
    • 647. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leptonia.
    • 648. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leptoniella.
    • 649. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Nigropogon.
    • 650. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Nolanea.
    • 651. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Omphaliopsis.
    • 652. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Orcella.
    • 653. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Paraeccilia.
    • 654. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Paraleptonia.
    • 655. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Paxillopsis.
    • 656. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pouzarella.
    • 657. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pouzaromyces.
    • 658. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rhodocybe.
    • 659. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rhodocybella.
    • 660. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rhodogaster.
    • 661. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rhodophana.
    • 662. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rhodophyllus.
    • 663. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Richoniella.
    • 664. The bioactive agent according to item 630, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Trichopilus.
    • 665. The bioactive agent according to item 224, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Agarico-carnis, Buglossus, Confistulina, Fistulina, Hypodrys and Pseudofistulina.
    • 666. The bioactive agent according to item 665, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Agarico-carnis.
    • 667. The bioactive agent according to item 665, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Buglossus.
    • 668. The bioactive agent according to item 665, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Confistulina.
    • 669. The bioactive agent according to item 665, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Fistulina.
    • 670. The bioactive agent according to item 665, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hypodrys.
    • 671. The bioactive agent according to item 665, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudofistulina.
    • 672. The bioactive agent according to item 225, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gigasperma.
    • 673. The bioactive agent according to item 226, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hemigaster.
    • 674. The bioactive agent according to item 227, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Hydnangium, Laccaria, Maccagnia, Podohydnangium and Russuliopsis.
    • 675. The bioactive agent according to item 674, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hydnangium.
    • 676. The bioactive agent according to item 674, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Laccaria.
    • 677. The bioactive agent according to item 674, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Maccagnia.
    • 678. The bioactive agent according to item 674, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Podohydnangium.
    • 679. The bioactive agent according to item 674, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Russuliopsis.
    • 680. The bioactive agent according to item 228, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Abstoma, Acutocapillitium, Arachnion, Arachniopsis, Bovista, Bovistaria, Bovistella, Bovistina, Calbovista, Calvatia, Calvatiella, Calvatiopsis, Capillaria, Catastoma, Cerophora, Disciseda, Enteromyxa, Eriosphaera, Gastropila, Globaria, Glyptoderma, Handkea, Hippoperdon, Hypoblema, Japonogaster, Langermannia, Lanopila, Lasiosphaera, Lycogalopsis, Lycoperdon, Lycoperdopsis, Morganella, Omalycus, Piemycus, Piesmycus, Pila, Priapus, Pseudolycoperdon, Sackea, Scoleciocarpus, Sufa, Utraria and Vascellum.
    • 681. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Abstoma.
    • 682. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Acutocapillitium.
    • 683. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Arachnion.
    • 684. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Arachniopsis.
    • 685. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Bovista.
    • 686. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Bovistaria.
    • 687. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Bovistella.
    • 688. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Bovistina.
    • 689. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Calbovista.
    • 690. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Calvatia,
    • 691. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Calvatiella.
    • 692. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Calvatiopsis.
    • 693. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Capillaria.
    • 694. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Catastoma.
    • 695. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cerophora.
    • 696. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Disciseda.
    • 697. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Enteromyxa.
    • 698. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Eriosphaera.
    • 699. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gastropila.
    • 700. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Globaria.
    • 701. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Glyptoderma.
    • 702. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Handkea.
    • 703. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hippoperdon.
    • 704. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hypoblema.
    • 705. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Japonogaster.
    • 706. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Langermannia.
    • 707. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lanopila.
    • 708. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lasiosphaera.
    • 709. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lycogalopsis.
    • 710. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lycoperdon.
    • 711. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lycoperdopsis.
    • 712. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Morganella.
    • 713. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Omalycus.
    • 714. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Piemycus.
    • 715. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Piesmycus.
    • 716. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pila.
    • 717. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Priapus.
    • 718. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudolycoperdon.
    • 719. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sackea.
    • 720. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Scoleciocarpus.
    • 721. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sufa.
    • 722. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Utraria.
    • 723. The bioactive agent according to item 680, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Vascellum.
    • 724. The bioactive agent according to item 229, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Amyloflagellula, Anastrophella, Androsaceus, Anthracophyllum, Aphotistus, Aphyllotus, Armillaria, Armillariella, Baeospora, Baumanniella, Calathella, Campanella, Cephaloscypha, Chaetocalathus, Chamaeceras, Collybidium, Collybiopsis, Coprinopsis, Cymatella, Cymatellopsis, Cyphellopsis, Cyptotrama, Dactylosporina, Deigloria, Discocyphella, Eoagaricus, Epicnaphus, Favolaschia, Fissolimbus, Flagelloscypha, Flammulina, Galeromycena, Gerronema, Glabrocyphella, Gloiocephala, Heliomyces, Hispidocalyptella, Hologloea, Hormomitaria, Hymenoconidium, Hymenogloea, Hymenomarasmius, Lachnella, Laschia, Lecanocybe, Lentinula, Libellus, Macrocystidia, Macrocystis, Manuripia, Marasmiellus, Marasmius, Merismodes, Micromphale, Monodelphus, Mucidula, Mycetinis, Mycomedusa, Myxocollybia, Nochascypha, Omphalotus, Oudemansia, Oudemansiella, Phaeocyphellopsis, Phaeodepas, Phaeolimacium, Physalacria, Plagiotus, Polymarasmius, Polymyces, Poroauricula, Porolaschia, Protomarasmius, Pseudodasyscypha, Pseudotyphula, Pterospora, Rhizomorpha, Rhodocollybia, Scorteus, Setulipes, Shitaker, Skepperiella, Stipitocyphella, Strobilurus, Stromatocyphella, Sympodia, Tephrophana, Tetrapyrgos, Vanromburghia, Xerula and Xerulina.
    • 725. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amyloflagellula.
    • 726. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Anastrophella.
    • 727. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Androsaceus.
    • 728. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Anthracophyllum.
    • 729. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Aphotistus.
    • 730. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Aphyllotus.
    • 731. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Armillaria.
    • 732. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Armillariella.
    • 733. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Baeospora.
    • 734. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Baumanniella.
    • 735. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Calathella.
    • 736. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Campanella.
    • 737. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cephaloscypha.
    • 738. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chaetocalathus.
    • 739. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chamaeceras.
    • 740. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Collybidium.
    • 741. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Collybiopsis.
    • 742. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Coprinopsis.
    • 743. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cymatella.
    • 744. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cymatellopsis.
    • 745. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cyphellopsis.
    • 746. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cyptotrama.
    • 747. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dactylosporina.
    • 748. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Deigloria.
    • 749. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Discocyphella.
    • 750. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Eoagaricus.
    • 751. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Epicnaphus.
    • 752. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Favolaschia.
    • 753. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Fissolimbus.
    • 754. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Flagelloscypha.
    • 755. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Flammulina.
    • 756. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Galeromycena.
    • 757. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gerronema.
    • 758. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Glabrocyphella.
    • 759. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gloiocephala.
    • 760. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Heliomyces.
    • 761. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hispidocalyptella.
    • 762. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hologloea.
    • 763. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hormomitaria.
    • 764. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hymenoconidium.
    • 765. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hymenogloea.
    • 766. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hymenomarasmius.
    • 767. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lachnella.
    • 768. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Laschia.
    • 769. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lecanocybe.
    • 770. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lentinula.
    • 771. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Libellus.
    • 772. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Macrocystidia.
    • 773. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Macrocystis.
    • 774. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Manuripia.
    • 775. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Marasmiellus.
    • 776. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Marasmius.
    • 777. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Merismodes.
    • 778. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Micromphale.
    • 779. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Monodelphus.
    • 780. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mucidula.
    • 781. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mycetinis.
    • 782. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mycomedusa.
    • 783. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Myxocollybia.
    • 784. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Nochascypha.
    • 785. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Omphalotus.
    • 786. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Oudemansia.
    • 787. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Oudemansiella.
    • 788. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeocyphellopsis.
    • 789. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeodepas.
    • 790. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeolimacium.
    • 791. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Physalacria.
    • 792. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Plagiotus.
    • 793. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Polymarasmius.
    • 794. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Polymyces.
    • 795. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Poroauricula.
    • 796. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Porolaschia.
    • 797. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Protomarasmius.
    • 798. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudodasyscypha.
    • 799. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudotyphula.
    • 800. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pterospora.
    • 801. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rhizomorpha.
    • 802. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rhodocollybia.
    • 803. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Scorteus.
    • 804. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Setulipes.
    • 805. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Shitaker.
    • 806. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Skepperiella.
    • 807. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Stipitocyphella.
    • 808. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Strobilurus.
    • 809. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Stromatocyphella.
    • 810. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sympodia.
    • 811. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tephrophana.
    • 812. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tetrapyrgos.
    • 813. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Vanromburghia.
    • 814. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Xerula.
    • 815. The bioactive agent according to item 724, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Xerulina.
    • 816. The bioactive agent according to item 230, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Andebbia, Castoreum, Gummiglobus, Gummivena, Inoderma, Malajczukia, Mesophellia, Nothocastoreum and Potoromyces.
    • 817. The bioactive agent according to item 816, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Andebbia.
    • 818. The bioactive agent according to item 816, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Castoreum.
    • 819. The bioactive agent according to item 816, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gummiglobus.
    • 820. The bioactive agent according to item 816, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gummivena.
    • 821. The bioactive agent according to item 816, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Inoderma.
    • 822. The bioactive agent according to item 816, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Malajczukia.
    • 823. The bioactive agent according to item 816, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mesophellia.
    • 824. The bioactive agent according to item 816, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Nothocastoreum.
    • 825. The bioactive agent according to item 816, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Potoromyces.
    • 826. The bioactive agent according to item 231, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Endonevrum, Mycenastrum and Pachyderma.
    • 827. The bioactive agent according to item 826, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Endonevrum.
    • 828. The bioactive agent according to item 826, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mycenastrum.
    • 829. The bioactive agent according to item 826, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pachyderma.
    • 830. The bioactive agent according to item 232, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Nia.
    • 831. The bioactive agent according to item 233, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Crucibulum, Cyathia, Cyathodes, Cyathus, Granularia, Mycocalia, Nidula, Nidularia and Peziza.
    • 832. The bioactive agent according to item 831, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Crucibulum.
    • 833. The bioactive agent according to item 831, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cyathia.
    • 834. The bioactive agent according to item 831, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cyathodes.
    • 835. The bioactive agent according to item 831, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cyathus.
    • 836. The bioactive agent according to item 831, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Granularia.
    • 837. The bioactive agent according to item 831, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mycocalia.
    • 838. The bioactive agent according to item 831, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Nidula.
    • 839. The bioactive agent according to item 831, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Nidularia.
    • 840. The bioactive agent according to item 831, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Peziza.
    • 841. The bioactive agent according to item 234, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Areolaria, Battarreopsis, Cyphellomyces, Dictyocephalos, Phellorinia, Whetstonia and Xylopodium.
    • 842. The bioactive agent according to item 841, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Areolaria.
    • 843. The bioactive agent according to item 841, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Battarreopsis.
    • 844. The bioactive agent according to item 841, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cyphellomyces.
    • 845. The bioactive agent according to item 841, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dictyocephalos.
    • 846. The bioactive agent according to item 841, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phellorinia.
    • 847. The bioactive agent according to item 841, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Whetstonia.
    • 848. The bioactive agent according to item 841, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Xylopodium.
    • 849. The bioactive agent according to item 235, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Acanthocystis, Agaricochaete, Crepidopus, Cyclopleurotus, Gelona, Geopetalum, Hohenbuehelia, Lentodiopsis, Pleurotus, Pterophyllus and Scleroma.
    • 850. The bioactive agent according to item 849, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Acanthocystis.
    • 851. The bioactive agent according to item 849, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Agaricochaete.
    • 852. The bioactive agent according to item 849, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Crepidopus.
    • 853. The bioactive agent according to item 849, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cyclopleurotus.
    • 854. The bioactive agent according to item 849, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gelona.
    • 855. The bioactive agent according to item 849, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Geopetalum.
    • 856. The bioactive agent according to item 849, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hohenbuehelia.
    • 857. The bioactive agent according to item 849, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lentodiopsis.
    • 858. The bioactive agent according to item 849, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pleurotus.
    • 859. The bioactive agent according to item 849, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pterophyllus.
    • 860. The bioactive agent according to item 849, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Scleroma.
    • 861. The bioactive agent according to item 236, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Agaricus, Amanita, Amanitaria, Amanitella, Amanitina, Amanitopsis, Amarrendia, Amidella, Amplariella, Annularia, Ariella, Aspidella, Boletium, Chamaeota, Gilbertia, Hyporrhodius, Lepidella, Leucomyces, Limacella, Myxoderma, Pluteus, Pseudofarinaceus, Rhodosporus, Termitosphaera, Torrendia, Vaginaria, Vaginarius, Vaginata, Venenarius, Volva, Volvaria, Volvariella, Volvariopsis, Volvarius, Volvella, Volvoamanita and Volvoboletus.
    • 862. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Agaricus.
    • 863. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amanita.
    • 864. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amanitaria.
    • 865. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amanitella.
    • 866. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amanitina.
    • 867. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amanitopsis.
    • 868. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amarrendia.
    • 869. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amidella.
    • 870. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amplariella.
    • 871. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Annularia.
    • 872. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ariella.
    • 873. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Aspidella.
    • 874. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Boletium.
    • 875. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chamaeota.
    • 876. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gilbertia.
    • 877. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hyporrhodius.
    • 878. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lepidella.
    • 879. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leucomyces.
    • 880. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Limacella.
    • 881. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Myxoderma.
    • 882. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pluteus.
    • 883. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudofarinaceus.
    • 884. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rhodosporus.
    • 885. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Termitosphaera.
    • 886. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Torrendia.
    • 887. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Vaginaria.
    • 888. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Vaginarius.
    • 889. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Vaginata.
    • 890. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Venenarius.
    • 891. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Volva.
    • 892. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Volvaria.
    • 893. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Volvariella.
    • 894. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Volvariopsis.
    • 895. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Volvarius.
    • 896. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Volvella.
    • 897. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Volvoamanita.
    • 898. The bioactive agent according to item 861, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Volvoboletus.
    • 899. The bioactive agent according to item 237, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Actiniceps, Allantula, Ceratella, Deflexula, Dimorphocystis, Parapterulicium, Penicillaria, Phaeopterula, Pterula and Pterulicium.
    • 900. The bioactive agent according to item 899, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Actiniceps.
    • 901. The bioactive agent according to item 899, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Allantula.
    • 902. The bioactive agent according to item 899, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ceratella.
    • 903. The bioactive agent according to item 899, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Deflexula.
    • 904. The bioactive agent according to item 899, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dimorphocystis.
    • 905. The bioactive agent according to item 899, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Parapterulicium.
    • 906. The bioactive agent according to item 899, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Penicillaria.
    • 907. The bioactive agent according to item 899, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeopterula.
    • 908. The bioactive agent according to item 899, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pterula.
    • 909. The bioactive agent according to item 899, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pterulicium.
    • 910. The bioactive agent according to item 238, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Apus, Auriculariopsis, Cytidiella, Ditiola, Flabellaria, Henningsomyces, Hyponevris, Petrona, Phaeoschizophyllum, Porotheleum, Rectipilus, Rhipidium, Scaphophoeum, Schizonia, Schizophyllum and Solenia.
    • 911. The bioactive agent according to item 910, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Apus.
    • 912. The bioactive agent according to item 910, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Auriculariopsis.
    • 913. The bioactive agent according to item 910, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cytidiella.
    • 914. The bioactive agent according to item 910, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ditiola.
    • 915. The bioactive agent according to item 910, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Flabellaria.
    • 916. The bioactive agent according to item 910, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Henningsomyces.
    • 917. The bioactive agent according to item 910, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hyponevris.
    • 918. The bioactive agent according to item 910, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Petrona.
    • 919. The bioactive agent according to item 910, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeoschizophyllum.
    • 920. The bioactive agent according to item 910, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Porotheleum.
    • 921. The bioactive agent according to item 910, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rectipilus.
    • 922. The bioactive agent according to item 910, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rhipidium.
    • 923. The bioactive agent according to item 910, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Scaphophoeum.
    • 924. The bioactive agent according to item 910, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Schizonia.
    • 925. The bioactive agent according to item 910, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Schizophyllum.
    • 926. The bioactive agent according to item 910, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Solenia.
    • 927. The bioactive agent according to item 239, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Stromatoscypha.
    • 928. The bioactive agent according to item 240, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Cytophyllopsis, Deconica, Delitescor, Derminus, Dryophila, Flammopsis, Flammula, Galeropsina, Geophila, Gymnocybe, Hemipholiota, Hypholoma, Hypodendrum, Kuehneromyces, Le-Ratia, Leratiomyces, Melanotus, Mythicomyces, Nematoloma, Nemecomyces, Nivatogastrium, Pachylepyrium, Phaeonematoloma, Pholiota, Pleuroflammula, Psilocybe, Ryssospora, Stropharia, Stropholoma, Visculus and Weraroa.
    • 929. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cytophyllopsis.
    • 930. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Deconica.
    • 931. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Delitescor.
    • 932. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Derminus.
    • 933. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dryophila.
    • 934. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Flammopsis.
    • 935. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Flammula.
    • 936. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Galeropsina.
    • 937. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Geophila.
    • 938. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gymnocybe.
    • 939. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hemipholiota.
    • 940. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hypholoma.
    • 941. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hypodendrum.
    • 942. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Kuehneromyces.
    • 943. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Le-Ratia.
    • 944. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leratiomyces.
    • 945. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Melanotus.
    • 946. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mythicomyces.
    • 947. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Nematoloma.
    • 948. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Nemecomyces.
    • 949. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Nivatogastrium.
    • 950. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pachylepyrium.
    • 951. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeonematoloma.
    • 952. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pholiota.
    • 953. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pleuroflammula.
    • 954. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Psilocybe.
    • 955. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ryssospora.
    • 956. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Stropharia.
    • 957. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Stropholoma.
    • 958. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Visculus.
    • 959. The bioactive agent according to item 928, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Weraroa.
    • 960. The bioactive agent according to item 241, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Aeruginospora, Amparoina, Ampulloclitocybe, Arrhenia, Arthrosporella, Asproinocybe, Aspropaxillus, Asterophora, Asterotrichum, Asterotus, Austroclitocybe, Austroomphaliaster, Bactroboletus, Basidopus, Bertrandia, Bertrandiella, Biannularia, Boehmia, Botrydina, Caesposus, Callistodermatium, Callistosporium, Calocybe, Calyptella, Camarophyllopsis, Camarophyllus, Campanophyllum, Cantharellopsis, Cantharellula, Cantharocybe, Catathelasma, Catatrama, Caulorhiza, Cellypha, Cheimonophyllum, Chromosera, Chrysobostrychodes, Chrysomphalina, Clavicybe, Clavomphalia, Clitocybe, Clitocybula, Collopus, Collybia, Conchomyces, Coolia, Coriscium, Corniola, Corrugaria, Cortinellus, Crinipellis, Cuphophyllus, Cynema, Cyphellocalathus, Cystoderma, Cystodermella, Decapitatus, Delicatula, Dendrocollybia, Dennisiomyces, Dermoloma, Dictyolus, Dictyopanus, Dictyoploca, Dissoderma, Echinosporella, Eomycenella, Fayodia, Filoboletus, Flabellimycena, Floccularia, Galactopus, Gamundia, Geotus, Gerhardtia, Gliophorus, Glutinaster, Godfrinia, Gymnopus, Gyroflexus, Gyrophila, Haasiella, Heimiomyces, Helotium, Hemimycena, Heterosporula, Hiatula, Hodophilus, Humidicutis, Hydrophorus, Hydropus, Hygroaster, Hygrocybe, Hygrophorus, Hygrotrama, Hypsizygus, Infundibulicybe, Insiticia, Jacobia, Lactocollybia, Lampteromyces, Leiopoda, Lepista, Leptoglossum, Leptomyces, Leptotus, Leucoinocybe, Leucopaxillus, Leucopholiota, Lichenomphalia, Limacinus, Limacium, Linopodium, Lulesia, Lyophyllopsis, Lyophyllum, Macrocybe, Maireina, Mastoleucomyces, Megacollybia, Megatricholoma, Melaleuca, Melanoleuca, Metulocyphella, Microcollybia, Microcollybia, Mniopetalum, Moniliophthora, Monomyces, Mycena, Mycenella, Mycenoporella, Mycenopsis, Mycenula, Mycoalvimia, Myxomphalia, Nematoctonus, Neoclitocybe, Neohygrocybe, Neohygrophorus, Neonothopanus, Nothoclavulina, Nothopanus, Nyctalis, Omphalia, Omphalia, Omphaliaster, Omphalina, Omphalius, Omphalopsis, Ossicaulis, Palaeocephala, Panellus, Paralepista, Peglerochaete, Peg leromyces, Perona, Phaeolepiota, Phaeomycena, Phaeotellus, Phalomia, Phlebomarasmius, Phlebomycena, Phlebophora, Phyllotopsis, Phyllotremella, Phyllotus, Physocystidium, Phytoconis, Pleuralia, Pleurocollybia, Pleurocybella, Pleuromycenula, Pleurotopsis, Podabrella, Poromycena, Porpoloma, Prunulus, Psammospora, Pseudoarmillariella, Pseudobaeospora, Pseudoclitocybe, Pseudohiatula, Pseudohygrocybe, Pseudohygrophorus, Pseudolyophyllum, Pseudomycena, Pseudoomphalina, Rajapa, Resinomycena, Resupinatus, Retocybe, Rhodocyphella, Rhodopaxillus, Rhodotus, Rickenella, Rimbachia, Ripartitella, Ripartites, Roridomyces, Rubeolarius, Rugosomyces, Sarcomyxa, Sclerostilbum, Scytinotopsis, Scytinotus, Semiomphalina, Singerella, Singerocybe, Sinotermitomyces, Sphaerocephalus, Squamanita, Stachyomphalina, Stanglomyces, Stereopodium, Stigmatolemma, Tectella, Tephrocybe, Termitomyces, Tilachlidiopsis, Tilotus, Tomentifolium, Tricholoma, Tricholomella, Tricholomopsis, Tricholosporum, Trigonipes, Trogia, Ugola, Urceolus, Urospora, Urosporellina, Valentinia, Xeromphalina and Zephirea.
    • 961. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Aeruginospora.
    • 962. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amparoina.
    • 963. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ampulloclitocybe.
    • 964. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ampulloclitocybe.
    • 965. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Arrhenia.
    • 966. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Arthrosporella.
    • 967. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Asproinocybe.
    • 968. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Aspropaxillus.
    • 969. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Asterophora.
    • 970. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Asterotrichum.
    • 971. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Asterotus.
    • 972. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Austroclitocybe.
    • 973. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Austroomphaliaster.
    • 974. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Bactroboletus.
    • 975. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Basidopus.
    • 976. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Bertrandia.
    • 977. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Bertrandiella.
    • 978. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus Biannularia.
    • 979. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Boehmia.
    • 980. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Botrydina.
    • 981. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Caesposus.
    • 982. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Callistodermatium.
    • 983. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Callistosporium.
    • 984. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Calocybe.
    • 985. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Calyptella.
    • 986. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Camarophyllopsis.
    • 987. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Camarophyllus.
    • 988. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Campanophyllum.
    • 989. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cantharellopsis.
    • 990. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cantharellula.
    • 991. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cantharocybe.
    • 992. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Catathelasma.
    • 993. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Catatrama.
    • 994. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Caulorhiza.
    • 995. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cellypha.
    • 996. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cheimonophyllum.
    • 997. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chromosera.
    • 998. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chrysobostrychodes.
    • 999. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chrysomphalina.
    • 1000. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Clavicybe.
    • 1001. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Clavomphalia.
    • 1002. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Clitocybe.
    • 1003. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Clitocybula.
    • 1004. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Collopus.
    • 1005. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Collybia.
    • 1006. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Conchomyces.
    • 1007. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Coolia.
    • 1008. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Coriscium.
    • 1009. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Corniola.
    • 1010. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Corrugaria.
    • 1011. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cortinellus.
    • 1012. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Crinipellis.
    • 1013. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cuphophyllus.
    • 1014. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cynema.
    • 1015. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cyphellocalathus.
    • 1016. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cystoderma.
    • 1017. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cystodermella.
    • 1018. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Decapitatus.
    • 1019. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Delicatula.
    • 1020. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dendrocollybia.
    • 1021. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dennisiomyces.
    • 1022. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dermoloma.
    • 1023. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dictyolus.
    • 1024. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dictyopanus.
    • 1025. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dictyoploca.
    • 1026. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dissoderma.
    • 1027. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Echinosporella.
    • 1028. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Eomycenella.
    • 1029. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Fayodia.
    • 1030. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Filoboletus.
    • 1031. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Flabellimycena.
    • 1032. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Floccularia.
    • 1033. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Galactopus.
    • 1034. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gamundia.
    • 1035. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Geotus.
    • 1036. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gerhardtia.
    • 1037. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gliophorus.
    • 1038. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Glutinaster.
    • 1039. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Godfrinia.
    • 1040. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gymnopus.
    • 1041. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gyroflexus.
    • 1042. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gyrophila.
    • 1043. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Haasiella.
    • 1044. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Heinniomyces.
    • 1045. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Helotium.
    • 1046. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hemimycena.
    • 1047. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Heterosporula.
    • 1048. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hiatula.
    • 1049. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hodophilus.
    • 1050. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Humidicutis.
    • 1051. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hydrophorus.
    • 1052. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hydropus.
    • 1053. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hygroaster.
    • 1054. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hygrocybe.
    • 1055. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hygrophorus.
    • 1056. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hygrotrama.
    • 1057. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hypsizygus.
    • 1058. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Infundibulicybe.
    • 1059. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Insiticia.
    • 1060. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Jacobia.
    • 1061. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lactocollybia.
    • 1062. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lampteromyces.
    • 1063. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leiopoda.
    • 1064. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lepista.
    • 1065. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leptoglossum.
    • 1066. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leptotus.
    • 1067. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leucoinocybe.
    • 1068. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leucopaxillus.
    • 1069. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leucopholiota.
    • 1070. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lichenomphalia.
    • 1071. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Limacinus.
    • 1072. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Limacium.
    • 1073. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Linopodium.
    • 1074. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lulesia.
    • 1075. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lyophyllopsis.
    • 1076. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lyophyllum.
    • 1077. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Macrocybe.
    • 1078. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Maireina.
    • 1079. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mastoleucomyces.
    • 1080. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Megacollybia.
    • 1081. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Megatricholoma.
    • 1082. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Melaleuca.
    • 1083. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Melanoleuca.
    • 1084. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Metulocyphella.
    • 1085. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Microcollybia.
    • 1086. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mniopetalum.
    • 1087. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Moniliophthora.
    • 1088. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Monomyces.
    • 1089. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mycena.
    • 1090. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mycenella.
    • 1091. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mycenoporella.
    • 1092. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mycenopsis.
    • 1093. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mycenula.
    • 1094. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mycoalvimia.
    • 1095. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Myxomphalia.
    • 1096. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Nematoctonus.
    • 1097. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Neoclitocybe.
    • 1098. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Neohygrocybe.
    • 1099. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Neohygrophorus.
    • 1100. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Neonothopanus.
    • 1101. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Nothoclavulina.
    • 1102. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Nothopanus.
    • 1103. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Nyctalis.
    • 1104. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Omphalia.
    • 1105. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Omphaliaster.
    • 1106. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Omphalina.
    • 1107. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Omphalius.
    • 1108. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Omphalopsis.
    • 1109. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ossicaulis.
    • 1110. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Palaeocephala.
    • 1111. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Panellus.
    • 1112. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Paralepista.
    • 1113. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Peglerochaete.
    • 1114. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pegleromyces.
    • 1115. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Perona.
    • 1116. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeolepiota.
    • 1117. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeomycena.
    • 1118. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeotellus.
    • 1119. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phalomia.
    • 1120. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phlebomarasmius.
    • 1121. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phlebomycena.
    • 1122. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phlebophora.
    • 1123. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phyllotopsis.
    • 1124. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phyllotremella.
    • 1125. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phyllotus.
    • 1126. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Physocystidium.
    • 1127. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phytoconis.
    • 1128. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pleurella.
    • 1129. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pleurocollybia.
    • 1130. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pleurocybella.
    • 1131. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pleuromycenula.
    • 1132. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pleurotopsis.
    • 1133. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Podabrella.
    • 1134. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Poromycena.
    • 1135. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Porpoloma.
    • 1136. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Prunulus.
    • 1137. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Psammospora.
    • 1138. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudoarmillariella.
    • 1139. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudobaeospora.
    • 1140. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudoclitocybe.
    • 1141. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudohiatula.
    • 1142. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudohygrocybe.
    • 1143. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudohygrophorus.
    • 1144. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudolyophyllum.
    • 1145. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudomycena.
    • 1146. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudoomphalina.
    • 1147. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rajapa.
    • 1148. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Resinomycena.
    • 1149. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Resupinatus.
    • 1150. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Retocybe.
    • 1151. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rhodocyphella.
    • 1152. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rhodopaxillus.
    • 1153. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rhodotus.
    • 1154. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rickenella.
    • 1155. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rimbachia.
    • 1156. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ripartitella.
    • 1157. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ripartites.
    • 1158. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Roridomyces.
    • 1159. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rubeolarius.
    • 1160. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rugosomyces.
    • 1161. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sarcomyxa.
    • 1162. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sclerostilbum.
    • 1163. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Scytinotopsis.
    • 1164. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Scytinotus.
    • 1165. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Semiomphalina.
    • 1166. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Singerella.
    • 1167. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Singerocybe.
    • 1168. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sinotermitomyces.
    • 1169. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sphaerocephalus.
    • 1170. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Squamanita.
    • 1171. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Stachyomphalina.
    • 1172. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Stanglomyces.
    • 1173. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Stereopodium.
    • 1174. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Stigmatolemma.
    • 1175. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tectella.
    • 1176. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tephrocybe.
    • 1177. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Termitomyces.
    • 1178. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tilachlidiopsis.
    • 1179. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tilotus.
    • 1180. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tomentifolium.
    • 1181. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tricholoma.
    • 1182. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tricholomella.
    • 1183. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tricholomopsis.
    • 1184. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tricholosporum.
    • 1185. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Trigonipes.
    • 1186. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Trogia.
    • 1187. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ugola.
    • 1188. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Urceolus.
    • 1189. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Urospora.
    • 1190. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Urosporellina.
    • 1191. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Valentinia.
    • 1192. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Xeromphalina.
    • 1193. The bioactive agent according to item 960, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Zephirea.
    • 1194. The bioactive agent according to item 242, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Battarraeastrum, Battarrea, Battarreoides, Chlamydopus, Dendromyces, Queletia, Schizostoma, Sphaericeps, Tulasnodea and Tulostoma.
    • 1195. The bioactive agent according to item 1195, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Battarraeastrum.
    • 1196. The bioactive agent according to item 1195, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Battarrea.
    • 1197. The bioactive agent according to item 1195, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Battarreoides.
    • 1198. The bioactive agent according to item 1195, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chlamydopus.
    • 1199. The bioactive agent according to item 1195, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dendromyces.
    • 1200. The bioactive agent according to item 1195, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Queletia.
    • 1201. The bioactive agent according to item 1195, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Schizostoma.
    • 1202. The bioactive agent according to item 1195, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sphaericeps.
    • 1203. The bioactive agent according to item 1195, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tulasnodea.
    • 1204. The bioactive agent according to item 1195, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tulostoma.
    • 1205. The bioactive agent according to item 243, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Apiosporium, Astoma, Bromicolla, Cnazonaria, Coccopleum, Dacryopsella, Gliocoryne, Lutypha, Phacorhiza, Pistillaria, Pistillina, Scleromitra, Sclerotiomyces, Sclerotium, Sphaerula, Typhula and Xylochoeras.
    • 1206. The bioactive agent according to item 1205, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Apiosporium.
    • 1207. The bioactive agent according to item 1205, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Astoma.
    • 1208. The bioactive agent according to item 1205, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Bromicolla.
    • 1209. The bioactive agent according to item 1205, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cnazonaria.
    • 1210. The bioactive agent according to item 1205, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Coccopleum.
    • 1211. The bioactive agent according to item 1205, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dacryopsella.
    • 1212. The bioactive agent according to item 1205, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gliocoryne.
    • 1213. The bioactive agent according to item 1205, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lutypha.
    • 1214. The bioactive agent according to item 1205, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phacorhiza.
    • 1215. The bioactive agent according to item 1205, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pistillaria.
    • 1216. The bioactive agent according to item 1205, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pistillina.
    • 1217. The bioactive agent according to item 1205, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Scleromitra.
    • 1218. The bioactive agent according to item 1205, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sclerotiomyces.
    • 1219. The bioactive agent according to item 1205, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sclerotium.
    • 1220. The bioactive agent according to item 1205, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sphaerula.
    • 1221. The bioactive agent according to item 1205, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Typhula.
    • 1222. The bioactive agent according to item 1205, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Xylochoeras.
    • 1223. The bioactive agent according to item 244, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rhizomarasmius.
    • 1224. The bioactive agent according to item 247, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Albatrellopsis, Albatrellus, Jahnoporus, Ovinus, Polyporoletus and Scutiger.
    • 1225. The bioactive agent according to item 1225, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Albatrellopsis.
    • 1226. The bioactive agent according to item 1225, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Albatrellus.
    • 1227. The bioactive agent according to item 1225, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Jahnoporus.
    • 1228. The bioactive agent according to item 1225, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ovinus.
    • 1229. The bioactive agent according to item 1225, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Polyporoletus.
    • 1230. The bioactive agent according to item 1225, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Scutiger.
    • 1231. The bioactive agent according to item 248, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Amphinema, Amyloathelia, Amylocorticium, Athelia, Athelicium, Athelidium, Athelopsis, Butlerelfia, Byssocorticium, Byssocristella, Byssoporia, Caerulicium, Cora, Coraemyces, Corella, Cristinia, Dacryobasidium, Dichonema, Dictyonema, Dictyonematomyces, Digitatispora, Diplonema, Fibulomyces, Fibulorhizoctonia, Gyrolophium, Hypochnella, Hypochniciellum, Irpicodon, Laudatea, Leptosporomyces, Lobulicium, Luellia, Melzericium, Mycostigma, Piloderma, Plicatura, Plicaturopsis, Rhipidonema, Rhipidonematomyces, Rhizonema, Taeniospora, Tomentellopsis, Tylosperma, Tylospora and Wainiocora.
    • 1232. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amphinema.
    • 1233. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amyloathelia.
    • 1234. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amylocorticium.
    • 1235. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Athelia.
    • 1236. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Athelicium.
    • 1237. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Athelidium.
    • 1238. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Athelopsis.
    • 1239. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Butlerelfia.
    • 1240. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Byssocorticium.
    • 1241. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Byssocristella.
    • 1242. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Byssoporia.
    • 1243. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Caerulicium.
    • 1244. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cora.
    • 1245. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Coraemyces.
    • 1246. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Corella.
    • 1247. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cristinia.
    • 1248. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dacryobasidium.
    • 1249. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dichonema.
    • 1250. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dictyonema.
    • 1251. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dictyonematomyces.
    • 1252. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Digitatispora.
    • 1253. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Diplonema.
    • 1254. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Fibulomyces.
    • 1255. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Fibulorhizoctonia.
    • 1256. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gyrolophium.
    • 1257. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hypochnella.
    • 1258. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hypochniciellum.
    • 1259. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Irpicodon.
    • 1260. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Laudatea.
    • 1261. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amphinema, Amyloathelia, Amylocorticium, Athelia, Leptosporomyces.
    • 1262. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lobulicium.
    • 1263. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Luellia.
    • 1264. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Melzericium.
    • 1265. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mycostigma.
    • 1266. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Piloderma.
    • 1267. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Plicatura.
    • 1268. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Plicaturopsis.
    • 1269. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rhipidonema.
    • 1270. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rhipidonematomyces.
    • 1271. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rhizonema.
    • 1272. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Taeniospora.
    • 1273. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tomentellopsis.
    • 1274. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tylosperma.
    • 1275. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tylospora.
    • 1276. The bioactive agent according to item 1231, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Wainiocora.
    • 1277. The bioactive agent according to item 249, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting Boreostereum, Chaetocarpus, Chaetodermella, Columnocystis, Grandinioides, Hirneola, Mycobonia, Mycothele and Veluticeps.
    • 1278. The bioactive agent according to item 1277, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Boreostereum.
    • 1279. The bioactive agent according to item 1277, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chaetocarpus.
    • 1280. The bioactive agent according to item 1277, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chaetodermella.
    • 1281. The bioactive agent according to item 1277, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Columnocystis.
    • 1282. The bioactive agent according to item 1277, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Grandinioides.
    • 1283. The bioactive agent according to item 1277, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hirneola.
    • 1284. The bioactive agent according to item 1277, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mycobonia.
    • 1285. The bioactive agent according to item 1277, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus Mycothele.
    • 1286. The bioactive agent according to item 1277, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Veluticeps.
    • 1287. The bioactive agent according to item 250, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting Acantholichen, Aleurocorticium, Allosphaerium, Ambivina, Amylobasidium, Auricula, Bryochysium, Corticirama, Corticium, Cyanobasidium, Cytidia, Dendrocorticium, Dendrodontia, Dendrophysellum, Dendrothele, Dextrinodontia, Hemmesomyces, Laeticorticium, Laetisaria, Leptocorticium, Licrostroma, Limonomyces, Lindtneria, Lomatia, Lomatina, Lyomyces, Matula, Melzerodontia, Merulicium, Moniliopsis, Mutatoderma, Mycinema, Mycolindtneria, Necator, Nothocorticium, Papyrodiscus, Phaeophlebia, Pulcherricium, Punctularia, Rhizoctonia, Ripexicium, Thanatophytum and Vuilleminia.
    • 1288. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Acantholichen.
    • 1289. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Aleurocorticium.
    • 1290. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Allosphaerium.
    • 1291. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete
    • 1292. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amylobasidium.
    • 1293. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Auricula.
    • 1294. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Bryochysium.
    • 1295. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Corticirama.
    • 1296. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Corticium.
    • 1297. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cyanobasidium.
    • 1298. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cytidia.
    • 1299. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dendrocorticium.
    • 1300. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dendrodontia.
    • 1301. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dendrophysellum.
    • 1302. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dendrothele.
    • 1303. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dextrinodontia.
    • 1304. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hemmesomyces.
    • 1305. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Laeticorticium.
    • 1306. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Laetisaria.
    • 1307. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leptocorticium.
    • 1308. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Licrostroma.
    • 1309. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Limonomyces.
    • 1310. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lindtneria.
    • 1311. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lomatia.
    • 1312. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lomatina.
    • 1313. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lyomyces.
    • 1314. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Matula.
    • 1315. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Melzerodontia.
    • 1316. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Merulicium.
    • 1317. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Moniliopsis.
    • 1318. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mutatoderma.
    • 1319. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mycinema.
    • 1320. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mycolindtneria.
    • 1321. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Necator.
    • 1322. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Nothocorticium.
    • 1323. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Papyrodiscus.
    • 1324. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeophlebia.
    • 1325. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pulcherricium.
    • 1326. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Punctularia.
    • 1327. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rhizoctonia.
    • 1328. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ripexicium.
    • 1329. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Thanatophytum.
    • 1330. The bioactive agent according to item 1287, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Vuilleminia.
    • 1331. The bioactive agent according to item 251, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Adustomyces, Asterocyphella, Catilla, Cyphella, Dendrocyphella, Flavophlebia, Globulicium, Gloeocorticium, Halocyphina, Hyphoradulum, Incrustocalyptella, Limnoperdon, Oxydontia, Phaeoporotheleum, Pseudolagarobasidium, Radulodon, Radulomyces, Rhodoarrhenia, Sarcodontia, Seticyphella, Sphaerobasidioscypha, Thujacorticium, Wiesnerina, and Woldmaria.
    • 1332. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Adustomyces.
    • 1333. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Asterocyphella.
    • 1334. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Catilla.
    • 1335. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cyphella.
    • 1336. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dendrocyphella.
    • 1337. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Flavophlebia.
    • 1338. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Globulicium.
    • 1339. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gloeocorticium.
    • 1340. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Halocyphina.
    • 1341. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hyphoradulum.
    • 1342. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Incrustocalyptella.
    • 1343. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Limnoperdon.
    • 1344. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Oxydontia.
    • 1345. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeoporotheleum.
    • 1346. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudolagarobasidium.
    • 1347. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Radulodon.
    • 1348. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Radulomyces.
    • 1349. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rhodoarrhenia.
    • 1350. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sarcodontia.
    • 1351. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Seticyphella.
    • 1352. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sphaerobasidioscypha.
    • 1353. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Thujacorticium.
    • 1354. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Wiesnerina.
    • 1355. The bioactive agent according to item 1331, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Woldmaria.
    • 1356. The bioactive agent according to item 252, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Cericium, Crustomyces, Cystidiodontia, Cystostereum, Dentocorticium, Parvobasidium, Physodontia and Pteridomyces.
    • 1357. The bioactive agent according to item 1356, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cericium.
    • 1358. The bioactive agent according to item 1356, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Crustomyces.
    • 1359. The bioactive agent according to item 1356, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cystidiodontia.
    • 1360. The bioactive agent according to item 1356, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cystostereum.
    • 1361. The bioactive agent according to item 1356, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dentocorticium.
    • 1362. The bioactive agent according to item 1356, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Parvobasidium.
    • 1363. The bioactive agent according to item 1356, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Physodontia.
    • 1364. The bioactive agent according to item 1356, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pteridomyces.
    • 1365. The bioactive agent according to item 253, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Epithele, Epithelopsis and Skeletohydnum.
    • 1366. The bioactive agent according to item 1365, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Epithele.
    • 1367. The bioactive agent according to item 1365, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Epithelopsis.
    • 1368. The bioactive agent according to item 1365, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Skeletohydnum.
    • 1369. The bioactive agent according to item 254, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Agaricon, Agarico-pulpa, Agarico-suber, Agaricum, Agaricus, Amylocystis, Anomoporia, Auriporia, Buglossoporus, Daedalea, Donkioporia, Fomitopsis, Gilbertsonia, Hemidiscia, Laricifomes, Osteina, Parmastomyces, Phaeodaedalea, Pilatoporus, Piptoporus, Placoderma, Podoporia, Postia, Rhodofomes, Spelaeomyces, Spongiporus, Strangulidium, Striglia, Ungularia, Wolfiporia and Xylostroma.
    • 1370. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Agaricon.
    • 1371. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Agarico-pulpa.
    • 1372. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Agarico-suber.
    • 1373. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Agaricum.
    • 1374. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Agaricus.
    • 1375. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amylocystis.
    • 1376. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Anomoporia.
    • 1377. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Auriporia.
    • 1378. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Buglossoporus.
    • 1379. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Daedalea.
    • 1380. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Donkioporia.
    • 1381. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Fomitopsis.
    • 1382. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gilbertsonia.
    • 1383. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hemidiscia.
    • 1384. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Laricifomes.
    • 1385. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Osteina.
    • 1386. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Parmastomyces.
    • 1387. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeodaedalea.
    • 1388. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pilatoporus.
    • 1389. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Piptoporus.
    • 1390. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Placoderma.
    • 1391. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Podoporia.
    • 1392. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Postia.
    • 1393. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rhodofomes.
    • 1394. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Spelaeomyces.
    • 1395. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Spongiporus.
    • 1396. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Strangulidium.
    • 1397. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Striglia.
    • 1398. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ungularia.
    • 1399. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Wolfiporia.
    • 1400. The bioactive agent according to item 1369, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Xylostroma.
    • 1401. The bioactive agent according to item 255, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Amauroderma, Dendrophagus, Elfvingia, Friesia, Ganoderma, Haddowia, Humphreya, Lazulinospora, Magoderna, Thermophymatospora, Tomophagus, Trachyderma and Whitfordia.
    • 1402. The bioactive agent according to item 1401, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amauroderma.
    • 1403. The bioactive agent according to item 1401, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dendrophagus.
    • 1404. The bioactive agent according to item 1401, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Elfvingia.
    • 1405. The bioactive agent according to item 1401, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Friesia.
    • 1406. The bioactive agent according to item 1401, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ganoderma.
    • 1407. The bioactive agent according to item 1401, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Haddowia.
    • 1408. The bioactive agent according to item 1401, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Humphreya.
    • 1409. The bioactive agent according to item 1401, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lazulinospora.
    • 1410. The bioactive agent according to item 1401, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Magoderna.
    • 1411. The bioactive agent according to item 1401, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Thermophymatospora.
    • 1412. The bioactive agent according to item 1401, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tomophagus.
    • 1413. The bioactive agent according to item 1401, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Trachyderma.
    • 1414. The bioactive agent according to item 1401, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Whitfordia.
    • 1415. The bioactive agent according to item 256, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Anisomyces, Ceratophora, Gloeophyllum, Griseoporia, Lenzitina, Phaeocoriolellus, Reisneria, Serda and Sesia.
    • 1416. The bioactive agent according to item 1415, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Anisomyces.
    • 1417. The bioactive agent according to item 1415, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ceratophora.
    • 1418. The bioactive agent according to item 1415, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gloeophyllum.
    • 1419. The bioactive agent according to item 1415, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Griseoporia.
    • 1420. The bioactive agent according to item 1415, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lenzitina.
    • 1421. The bioactive agent according to item 1415, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeocoriolellus.
    • 1422. The bioactive agent according to item 1415, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Reisneria.
    • 1423. The bioactive agent according to item 1415, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Serda.
    • 1424. The bioactive agent according to item 1415, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sesia.
    • 1425. The bioactive agent according to item 257, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Grammothele, Hymenogramme, Porogramme, Theleporus and Tinctoporia.
    • 1426. The bioactive agent according to item 1425, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Grammothele.
    • 1427. The bioactive agent according to item 1425, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hymenogramme.
    • 1428. The bioactive agent according to item 1425, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Porogramme.
    • 1429. The bioactive agent according to item 1425, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Theleporus.
    • 1430. The bioactive agent according to item 1425, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tinctoporia.
    • 1431. The bioactive agent according to item 258, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Aurantiporus, Bjerkandera, Ceraporus, Ceriporia, Ceriporiopsis, Climacocystis, Gelatoporia, Hapalopilus, Irpiciporus, Ischnoderma, Leptoporus, Myriadoporus, Porpomyces, Pouzaroporia, Sarcoporia, Somion and Spongipellis.
    • 1432. The bioactive agent according to item 1431, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Aurantiporus.
    • 1433. The bioactive agent according to item 1431, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Bjerkandera.
    • 1434. The bioactive agent according to item 1431, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ceraporus.
    • 1435. The bioactive agent according to item 1431, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ceriporia.
    • 1436. The bioactive agent according to item 1431, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus Ceriporiopsis.
    • 1437. The bioactive agent according to item 1431, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Climacocystis.
    • 1438. The bioactive agent according to item 1431, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gelatoporia.
    • 1439. The bioactive agent according to item 1431, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hapalopilus.
    • 1440. The bioactive agent according to item 1431, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Irpiciporus.
    • 1441. The bioactive agent according to item 1431, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ischnoderma.
    • 1442. The bioactive agent according to item 1431, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leptoporus.
    • 1443. The bioactive agent according to item 1431, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Myriadoporus.
    • 1444. The bioactive agent according to item 1431, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Porpomyces.
    • 1445. The bioactive agent according to item 1431, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pouzaroporia.
    • 1446. The bioactive agent according to item 1431, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sarcoporia.
    • 1447. The bioactive agent according to item 1431, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Somion.
    • 1448. The bioactive agent according to item 1431, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Spongipellis.
    • 1449. The bioactive agent according to item 259, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Aegerita, Aegeritina, Aegeritopsis, Amaurohydnum, Amauromyces, Atheloderma, Brevicellicium, Bulbillomyces, Cerocorticium, Chrysoderma, Conohypha, Coronicium, Crocysporium, Cyanodontia, Dermosporium, Elaphocephala, Galzinia, Gloeohypochnicium, Hydnellum, Hyphoderma, Hyphodontiastra, Hyphodontiella, Hypochnicium, Intextomyces, Kneiffia, Kneiffiella, Lyomyces, Metulodontia, Neokneiffia, Nodotia, Odontiopsis, Pirex, Pycnodon, Subulicium, Subulicystidium, Uncobasidium and Xylodon.
    • 1450. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Aegerita.
    • 1451. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Aegeritina.
    • 1452. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Aegeritopsis.
    • 1453. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amaurohydnum.
    • 1454. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amauromyces.
    • 1455. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Atheloderma.
    • 1456. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Brevicellicium.
    • 1457. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Bulbillomyces.
    • 1458. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cerocorticium.
    • 1459. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chrysoderma.
    • 1460. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Conohypha.
    • 1461. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Coronicium.
    • 1462. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Crocysporium.
    • 1463. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cyanodontia.
    • 1464. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dermosporium.
    • 1465. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Elaphocephala.
    • 1466. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Galzinia.
    • 1467. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gloeohypochnicium.
    • 1468. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hydnellum.
    • 1469. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hyphoderma.
    • 1470. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hyphodontiastra.
    • 1471. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hyphodontiella.
    • 1472. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hypochnicium.
    • 1473. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Intextomyces.
    • 1474. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Kneiffia.
    • 1475. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Kneiffiella.
    • 1476. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lyomyces.
    • 1477. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Metulodontia.
    • 1478. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Neokneiffia.
    • 1479. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Nodotia.
    • 1480. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Odontiopsis.
    • 1481. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pirex.
    • 1482. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pycnodon.
    • 1483. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Subulicium.
    • 1484. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Subulicystidium.
    • 1485. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Uncobasidium.
    • 1486. The bioactive agent according to item 1449, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Xylodon.
    • 1487. The bioactive agent according to item 260, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Abortiporus, Antrodia, Bornetina, Cartilosoma, Cautinia, Cladodendron, Cladomeris, Coriolellus, Diacanthodes, Flabellopilus, Grifola, Henningsia, Heteroporus, Hydnopolyporus, Irpicium, Leucofomes, Loweomyces, Meripilus, Merisma, Physisporinus, Polypilus and Rigidoporus.
    • 1488. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Abortiporus.
    • 1489. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Antrodia.
    • 1490. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Bornetina.
    • 1491. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cartilosoma.
    • 1492. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cautinia.
    • 1493. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cladodendron.
    • 1494. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cladomeris.
    • 1495. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Coriolellus.
    • 1496. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Diacanthodes.
    • 1497. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Flabellopilus.
    • 1498. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Grifola.
    • 1499. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Henningsia.
    • 1500. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Heteroporus.
    • 1501. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hydnopolyporus.
    • 1502. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Irpicium.
    • 1503. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leucofomes.
    • 1504. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Loweomyces.
    • 1505. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Meripilus.
    • 1506. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Merisma.
    • 1507. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Physisporinus.
    • 1508. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Polypilus.
    • 1509. The bioactive agent according to item 1487, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rigidoporus.
    • 1510. The bioactive agent according to item 261, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Ada, Byssomerulius, Caloporia, Caloporus, Castanoporus, Ceraceohydnum, Ceraceomerulius, Chondrostereum, Climacodon, Columnodontia, Crustoderma, Cylindrobasidium, Dacryobolus, Donkia, Gloeocystidium, Gloeoporus, Gloeostereum, Himantia, Jacksonomyces, Meruliopsis, Merulius, Mycoacia, Mycoaciella, Phlebia, Resinicium, Ricnophora, Scopuloides, Skvortzovia and Trabecularia.
    • 1511. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Acia.
    • 1512. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Byssomerulius.
    • 1513. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Caloporia.
    • 1514. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Caloporus.
    • 1515. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Castanoporus.
    • 1516. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ceraceohydnum.
    • 1517. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ceraceomerulius.
    • 1518. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chondrostereum.
    • 1519. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Climacodon.
    • 1520. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Columnodontia.
    • 1521. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Crustoderma.
    • 1522. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cylindrobasidium.
    • 1523. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dacryobolus.
    • 1524. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Donkia.
    • 1525. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gloeocystidium.
    • 1526. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gloeoporus.
    • 1527. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gloeostereum.
    • 1528. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Himantia.
    • 1529. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Jacksonomyces.
    • 1530. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Meruliopsis.
    • 1531. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Merulius.
    • 1532. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mycoacia.
    • 1533. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mycoaciella.
    • 1534. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phlebia.
    • 1535. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Resinicium.
    • 1536. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ricnophora.
    • 1537. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Scopuloides.
    • 1538. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Skvortzovia.
    • 1539. The bioactive agent according to item 1510, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Trabecularia.
    • 1540. The bioactive agent according to item 262, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Australicium, Botryodontia, Candelabrochaete, Ceraceomyces, Corticium, Efibula, Erythricium, Grandiniella, Gyrophanopsis, Hjortstamia, Hydnophlebia, Hyphodermella, Hyphodermopsis, Licentia, Lloydella, Lopharia, Membranicium, Odonticium, Phanerochaete, Phlebiopsis, Porostereum, Terana, Thwaitesiella and Xerocarpus.
    • 1541. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Australicium.
    • 1542. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Botryodontia.
    • 1543. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Candelabrochaete.
    • 1544. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ceraceomyces.
    • 1545. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Corticium.
    • 1546. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Efibula.
    • 1547. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Erythricium.
    • 1548. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Grandiniella.
    • 1549. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gyrophanopsis.
    • 1550. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hjortstamia.
    • 1551. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hydnophlebia.
    • 1552. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hyphodermella.
    • 1553. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hyphodermopsis.
    • 1554. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Licentia.
    • 1555. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lloydella.
    • 1556. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lopharia.
    • 1557. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Membranicium.
    • 1558. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Odonticium.
    • 1559. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phanerochaete.
    • 1560. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phlebiopsis.
    • 1561. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Porostereum.
    • 1562. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Terana.
    • 1563. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Thwaitesiella.
    • 1564. The bioactive agent according to item 1540, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Xerocarpus.
    • 1565. The bioactive agent according to item 263, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Actinostroma, Aquascypha, Beccaria, Beccariella, Bresadolina, Caripia, Cladoderris, Coralloderma, Cotylidia, Craterella, Cymatoderma, Cyphellostereum, Granulobasidium, Inflatostereum, Podoscypha, Pseudolasiobolus, Stereogloeocystidium, Stereophyllum and Stereopsis.
    • 1566. The bioactive agent according to item 1565, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Actinostroma.
    • 1567. The bioactive agent according to item 1565, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Aquascypha.
    • 1568. The bioactive agent according to item 1565, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Beccaria.
    • 1569. The bioactive agent according to item 1565, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Beccariella.
    • 1570. The bioactive agent according to item 1565, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Bresadolina.
    • 1571. The bioactive agent according to item 1565, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Caripia.
    • 1572. The bioactive agent according to item 1565, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cladoderris.
    • 1573. The bioactive agent according to item 1565, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Coralloderma.
    • 1574. The bioactive agent according to item 1565, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cotylidia.
    • 1575. The bioactive agent according to item 1565, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Craterella.
    • 1576. The bioactive agent according to item 1565, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cymatoderma.
    • 1577. The bioactive agent according to item 1565, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cyphellostereum.
    • 1578. The bioactive agent according to item 1565, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Granulobasidium.
    • 1579. The bioactive agent according to item 1565, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Inflatostereum.
    • 1580. The bioactive agent according to item 1565, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus Podoscypha.
    • 1581. The bioactive agent according to item 1565, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudolasiobolus.
    • 1582. The bioactive agent according to item 1565, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Stereogloeocystidium.
    • 1583. The bioactive agent according to item 1565, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Stereophyllum.
    • 1584. The bioactive agent according to item 1565, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Stereopsis.
    • 1585. The bioactive agent according to item 264, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Abundisporus, Agarico-igniarium, Agaricum, Amyloporia, Amyloporiella, Antromycopsis, Apoxona, Artolenzites, Asterochaete, Atroporus, Aurantiporellus, Australoporus, Austrolentinus, Bresadolia, Bridgeoporus, Bulliardia, Burgoa, Caloporus, Cellularia, Ceriomyces, Cerioporus, Cerrena, Choriphyllum, Cladoporus, Coriolopsis, Coriolus, Cryptomphalina, Cryptoporus, Cubamyces, Cyanosporus, Cystidiophorus, Cystostiptoporus, Daedaleopsis, Datronia, Dendrochaete, Dendropolyporus, Dextrinosporium, Dichomitus, Digitellus, Earliella, Echinochaete, Elfvingiella, Enslinia, Fabisporus, Faerberia, Favolus, Fibroporia, Flabellophora, Fomes, Fomitella, Funalia, Fuscocerrena, Gemmularia, Geopetalum, Globifomes, Grammothelopsis, Hansenia, Haploporus, Heliocybe, Hexagonia, Hirschioporus, Hornodermoporus, Incrustoporia, Laccocephalum, Laetifomes, Laetiporus, Lasiochlaena, Lentinopanus, Lentinus, Lentodiellum, Lentodium, Lentus, Lenzites, Leptopora, Leptoporellus, Leptotrimitus, Leucolenzites, Leucoporus, Lignosus, Lithopolyporales, Loweporus, Macrohyporia, Macroporia, Megasporoporia, Melanoporella, Melanoporia, Melanopus, Merulioporia, Microporellus, Microporus, Mollicarpus, Mycelithe, Navisporus, Neolentinus, Neolentiporus, Nigrofomes, Nigroporus, Oligoporus, Osmoporus, Pachykytospora, Pachyma, Panus, Paramyces, Perenniporia, Perenniporiella, Persooniana, Petaloides, Phaeolus, Phaeotrametes, Pherima, Phorima, Phyllodontia, Physisporus, Piloporia, Placodes, Pleuropus, Pocillaria, Podofomes, Pogonomyces, Polyporellus, Polyporus, Polyporus, Polyporus, Poria, Porodisculus, Porodiscus, Poronidulus, Poroptyche, Pseudofavolus, Pseudophaeolus, Pseudopiptoporus, Pseudotrametes, Ptychogaster, Pycnoporellus, Pycnoporus, Pyrofomes, Riopa, Romellia, Royoporus, Rubroporus, Ryvardenia, Scenidium, Scierodepsis, Sistotrema, Skeletocutis, Sparsitubus, Spongiosus, Stiptophyllum, Tinctoporellus, Tomentoporus, Trametella, Trametes, Trichaptum, Truncospora, Tuberaster, Tyromyces, Ungulina, Vanderbylia, Velolentinus, Xerotinus, Xerotus, Xylometron and Xylopilus.
    • 1586. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Abundisporus.
    • 1587. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Agarico-igniarium.
    • 1588. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Agaricum.
    • 1589. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amyloporia.
    • 1590. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amyloporiella.
    • 1591. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Antromycopsis.
    • 1592. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Apoxona.
    • 1593. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Artolenzites.
    • 1594. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Asterochaete.
    • 1595. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Atroporus.
    • 1596. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Aurantiporellus.
    • 1597. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Australoporus.
    • 1598. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Austrolentinus.
    • 1599. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Bresadolia.
    • 1600. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Bridgeoporus.
    • 1601. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Bulliardia.
    • 1602. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Burgoa.
    • 1603. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Caloporus.
    • 1604. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cellularia.
    • 1605. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ceriomyces.
    • 1606. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cerioporus.
    • 1607. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cerrena.
    • 1608. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Choriphyllum.
    • 1609. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cladoporus.
    • 1610. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Coriolopsis.
    • 1611. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Coriolus.
    • 1612. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cryptomphalina.
    • 1613. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cryptoporus.
    • 1614. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cubamyces.
    • 1615. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cyanosporus.
    • 1616. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cystidiophorus.
    • 1617. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cystostiptoporus.
    • 1618. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Daedaleopsis.
    • 1619. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Datronia.
    • 1620. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dendrochaete.
    • 1621. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dendropolyporus.
    • 1622. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dextrinosporium.
    • 1623. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Dichomitus.
    • 1624. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Digitellus.
    • 1625. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Earliella.
    • 1626. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus Echinochaete.
    • 1627. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus Elfvingiella.
    • 1628. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Enslinia.
    • 1629. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Fabisporus.
    • 1630. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Faerberia.
    • 1631. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Favolus.
    • 1632. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Fibroporia.
    • 1633. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus Flabellophora.
    • 1634. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Fomes.
    • 1635. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Fomitella.
    • 1636. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Funalia.
    • 1637. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Fuscocerrena.
    • 1638. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Gemmularia.
    • 1639. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Geopetalum.
    • 1640. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus Globifomes.
    • 1641. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Grammothelopsis.
    • 1642. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hansenia.
    • 1643. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Haploporus.
    • 1644. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Heliocybe.
    • 1645. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus Hexagonia.
    • 1646. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hirschioporus.
    • 1647. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hornodermoporus.
    • 1648. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Incrustoporia.
    • 1649. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Laccocephalum.
    • 1650. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Laetifomes.
    • 1651. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Laetiporus.
    • 1652. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lasiochlaena.
    • 1653. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus Lentinopanus.
    • 1654. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus Lentinus.
    • 1655. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lentodiellum.
    • 1656. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lentodium.
    • 1657. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lentus.
    • 1658. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lenzites.
    • 1659. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leptopora.
    • 1660. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leptoporellus.
    • 1661. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leptotrimitus.
    • 1662. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leucolenzites.
    • 1663. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leucoporus.
    • 1664. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus Lignosus.
    • 1665. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lithopolyporales.
    • 1666. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Loweporus.
    • 1667. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Macrohyporia.
    • 1668. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Macroporia.
    • 1669. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Megasporoporia.
    • 1670. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Melanoporella.
    • 1671. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Melanoporia.
    • 1672. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Melanopus.
    • 1673. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Merulioporia.
    • 1674. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Meruliporia.
    • 1675. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Microporellus.
    • 1676. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Microporus.
    • 1677. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mollicarpus.
    • 1678. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mycelithe.
    • 1679. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Navisporus.
    • 1680. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Neolentinus.
    • 1681. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Neolentiporus.
    • 1682. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Nigrofomes.
    • 1683. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Nigroporus.
    • 1684. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus Oligoporus.
    • 1685. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Osmoporus.
    • 1686. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pachykytospora.
    • 1687. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pachyma.
    • 1688. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Panus.
    • 1689. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Paramyces.
    • 1690. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Perenniporia.
    • 1691. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Perenniporiella.
    • 1692. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Persooniana.
    • 1693. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Petaloides.
    • 1694. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeolus.
    • 1695. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phaeotrametes.
    • 1696. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pherima.
    • 1697. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phorima.
    • 1698. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phyllodontia.
    • 1699. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Physisporus.
    • 1700. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Piloporia.
    • 1701. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Piloporia.
    • 1702. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Placodes.
    • 1703. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pleuropus.
    • 1704. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pocillaria.
    • 1705. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Podofomes.
    • 1706. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus Pogonomyces.
    • 1707. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Polyporellus.
    • 1708. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Polyporus.
    • 1709. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Poria.
    • 1710. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus Porodisculus.
    • 1711. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Porodiscus.
    • 1712. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Poronidulus.
    • 1713. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Poroptyche.
    • 1714. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudofavolus.
    • 1715. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudophaeolus.
    • 1716. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pseudopiptoporus.
    • 1717. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus Pseudotrametes.
    • 1718. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ptychogaster.
    • 1719. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pycnoporellus.
    • 1720. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pycnoporus.
    • 1721. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Pyrofomes.
    • 1722. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus Riopa.
    • 1723. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Romellia.
    • 1724. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Royoporus.
    • 1725. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Rubroporus.
    • 1726. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ryvardenia.
    • 1727. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Scenidium.
    • 1728. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sclerodepsis.
    • 1729. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sistotrema.
    • 1730. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Skeletocutis.
    • 1731. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sparsitubus.
    • 1732. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Spongiosus.
    • 1733. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Stiptophyllum.
    • 1734. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tinctoporellus.
    • 1735. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus Tomentoporus.
    • 1736. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Trametella.
    • 1737. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Trametes.
    • 1738. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Trichaptum.
    • 1739. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Truncospora.
    • 1740. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tuberaster.
    • 1741. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tyromyces.
    • 1742. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Ungulina.
    • 1743. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Vanderbylia.
    • 1744. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Velolentinus.
    • 1745. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Xerotinus.
    • 1746. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Xerotus.
    • 1747. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Xylometron.
    • 1748. The bioactive agent according to item 1585, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Xylopilus.
    • 1749. The bioactive agent according to item 265, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Cristelloporia, Echinotrema, Fibriciellum, Fibuloporia, Galziniella, Heptasporium, Hydnotrema, Ingoldiella, Minimedusa, Osteomorpha, Paullicorticium, Repetobasidiellum, Repetobasidium, Sistotrema, Sistotremastrum, Sistotremella, Sphaerobasidium, Tomentella, Trechispora and Urnobasidium.
    • 1750. The bioactive agent according to item 1749, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cristelloporia.
    • 1751. The bioactive agent according to item 1749, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Echinotrema.
    • 1752. The bioactive agent according to item 1749, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Fibriciellum.
    • 1753. The bioactive agent according to item 1749, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Fibuloporia.
    • 1754. The bioactive agent according to item 1749, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Galziniella.
    • 1755. The bioactive agent according to item 1749, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Heptasporium.
    • 1756. The bioactive agent according to item 1749, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Hydnotrema.
    • 1757. The bioactive agent according to item 1749, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus Ingoldiella.
    • 1758. The bioactive agent according to item 1749, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Minimedusa.
    • 1759. The bioactive agent according to item 1749, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Osteomorpha.
    • 1760. The bioactive agent according to item 1749, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Paullicorticium.
    • 1761. The bioactive agent according to item 1749, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Repetobasidiellum.
    • 1762. The bioactive agent according to item 1749, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Repetobasidium.
    • 1763. The bioactive agent according to item 1749, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sistotrema.
    • 1764. The bioactive agent according to item 1749, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sistotremastrum.
    • 1765. The bioactive agent according to item 1749, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sistotremella.
    • 1766. The bioactive agent according to item 1749, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sphaerobasidium.
    • 1767. The bioactive agent according to item 1749, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tomentella.
    • 1768. The bioactive agent according to item 1749, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Trechispora.
    • 1769. The bioactive agent according to item 1749, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Urnobasidium.
    • 1770. The bioactive agent according to item 266, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Bondarcevomyces, Masseeola, Sparassiella and Sparassis.
    • 1771. The bioactive agent according to item 1770, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Bondarcevomyces.
    • 1772. The bioactive agent according to item 1770, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Masseeola.
    • 1773. The bioactive agent according to item 1770, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sparassiella.
    • 1774. The bioactive agent according to item 1770, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Sparassis.
    • 1775. The bioactive agent according to item 267, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Amethicium, Antrodiella, Aschersonia, Australohydnum, Baeostratoporus, Chaetoporus, Cinereomyces, Diplomitoporus, Etheirodon, Fibricium, Flaviporus, Flavodon, Irpex, Junghuhnia, Lamelloporus, Laschia, Leptodon, Metuloidea, Mycoleptodon, Mycoleptodonoides, Mycorrhaphium, Odontia, Odontina, Spathulina, Steccherinum and Stegiacantha.
    • 1776. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Amethicium.
    • 1777. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Antrodiella.
    • 1778. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Aschersonia.
    • 1779. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Australohydnum.
    • 1780. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Baeostratoporus.
    • 1781. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Chaetoporus.
    • 1782. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cinereomyces.
    • 1783. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Diplomitoporus.
    • 1784. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Etheirodon.
    • 1785. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Fibricium.
    • 1786. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Flaviporus.
    • 1787. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Flavodon.
    • 1788. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Irpex.
    • 1789. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Junghuhnia.
    • 1790. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lamelloporus.
    • 1791. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Laschia.
    • 1792. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leptodon.
    • 1793. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Metuloidea.
    • 1794. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mycoleptodon. 1795. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mycoleptodonoides.
    • 1796. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Mycorrhaphium.
    • 1797. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Odontia.
    • 1798. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Odontina.
    • 1799. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Spathulina.
    • 1800. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus Steccherinum.
    • 1801. The bioactive agent according to item 1775, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Stegiacantha.
    • 1802. The bioactive agent according to item 268, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Granulocystis, Leifia, Litschauerella, Tubulicium, Tubulicrinis and Tubulixenasma.
    • 1803. The bioactive agent according to item 1802, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Granulocystis.
    • 1804. The bioactive agent according to item 1802, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Leifia.
    • 1805. The bioactive agent according to item 1802, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Litschauerella.
    • 1806. The bioactive agent according to item 1802, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tubulicium.
    • 1807. The bioactive agent according to item 1802, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tubulicrinis.
    • 1808. The bioactive agent according to item 1802, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Tubulixenasma.
    • 1809. The bioactive agent according to item 268, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a genus selected from the group consisting of Aphanobasidium, Clitopilina, Cunninghammyces, Lepidomyces, Phlebiella, Xenasma, Xenasmatella and Xenosperma.
    • 1810. The bioactive agent according to item 1809, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Aphanobasidium.
    • 1811. The bioactive agent according to item 1809, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Clitopilina.
    • 1812. The bioactive agent according to item 1809, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Cunninghammyces.
    • 1813. The bioactive agent according to item 1809, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Lepidomyces.
    • 1814. The bioactive agent according to item 1809, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Phlebiella.
    • 1815. The bioactive agent according to item 1809, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Xenasma.
    • 1816. The bioactive agent according to item 1809, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Xenasmatella.
    • 1817. The bioactive agent according to item 1809, wherein Basidiomycete cell is selected from the genus of Xenosperma.
    • 1818. The bioactive agent according to item 363, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a species selected from the group consisting of Agaricus arorae, Agaricus arvensis, Agaricus augustus, Agaricus benesi, Agaricus bernardii, Agaricus bitorquis, Agaricus californicus, Agaricus campestris, Agaricus comptulus, Agaricus cupreo-brunneus, Agaricus diminutivus, Agaricus fusco-fibrillosus, Agaricus fuscovelatus, Agaricus hondensis, Agaricus lilaceps, Agaricus micromegathus, Agaricus praeclaresquamosus, Agaricus pattersonae, Agaricus perobscurus, Agaricus semotus, Agaricus silvicola, Agaricus subrutilescens and Agaricus xanthodermus.
    • 1819. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus arorae.
    • 1820. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus arvensis.
    • 1821. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus augustus.
    • 1822. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus benesi.
    • 1823. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus bernardii.
    • 1824. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus bitorquis.
    • 1825. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus californicus.
    • 1826. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus campestris.
    • 1827. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus comptulus.
    • 1828. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus cupreo-brunneus.
    • 1829. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus diminutivus.
    • 1830. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus fusco-fibrillosus.
    • 1831. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus fuscovelatus.
    • 1832. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus hondensis.
    • 1833. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus lilaceps.
    • 1834. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus micromegathus.
    • 1835. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus praeclaresquamosus.
    • 1836. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus pattersonae.
    • 1837. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus perobscurus.
    • 1838. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus semotus.
    • 1839. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus silvicola.
    • 1840. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus subrutilescens.
    • 1841. The bioactive agent according to item 1819, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Agaricus xanthodermus.
    • 1842. The bioactive agent according to item 925, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a species selected from the group consisting of Schizophyllum album, Schizophyllum alneum, Schizophyllum alneum, Schizophyllum amplum, Schizophyllum brasiliense, Schizophyllum brevilamellatum, Schizophyllum commune, Schizophyllum egelingianum, Schizophyllum exiguum, Schizophyllum fasciatum, Schizophyllum flabellare, Schizophyllum leprieurii, Schizophyllum lobatum, Schizophyllum mexicanum, Schizophyllum multifidum, Schizophyllum murrayi, Schizophyllum mya, Schizophyllum palmatum, Schizophyllum radiatum, Schizophyllum umbrinum and Schizophyllum variabile.
    • 1843. The bioactive agent according to item 1842, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Schizophyllum album.
    • 1844. The bioactive agent according to item 1842, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Schizophyllum alneum.
    • 1845. The bioactive agent according to item 1842, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Schizophyllum alneum.
    • 1846. The bioactive agent according to item 1842, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Schizophyllum amplum.
    • 1847. The bioactive agent according to item 1842, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Schizophyllum brasiliense.
    • 1848. The bioactive agent according to item 1842, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Schizophyllum brevilamellatum.
    • 1849. The bioactive agent according to item 1842, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Schizophyllum commune.
    • 1850. The bioactive agent according to item 1842, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Schizophyllum egelingianum.
    • 1851. The bioactive agent according to item 1842, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Schizophyllum exiguum.
    • 1852. The bioactive agent according to item 1842, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Schizophyllum fasciatum.
    • 1853. The bioactive agent according to item 1842, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Schizophyllum flabellare.
    • 1854. The bioactive agent according to item 1842, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Schizophyllum leprieurii.
    • 1855. The bioactive agent according to item 1842, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Schizophyllum lobatum.
    • 1856. The bioactive agent according to item 1842, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Schizophyllum mexicanum.
    • 1857. The bioactive agent according to item 1842, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Schizophyllum multifidum.
    • 1858. The bioactive agent according to item 1842, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Schizophyllum murrayi. 1859. The bioactive agent according to item 1842, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Schizophyllum mya.
    • 1860. The bioactive agent according to item 1842, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Schizophyllum palmatum.
    • 1861. The bioactive agent according to item 1842, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Schizophyllum radiatum.
    • 1862. The bioactive agent according to item 1842, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Schizophyllum umbrinum.
    • 1863. The bioactive agent according to item 1842, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Schizophyllum variabile.
    • 1864. The bioactive agent according to item 1406, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a species selected from the group consisting of Ganoderma adspersum, Ganoderma africanum, Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma arcuatum, Ganoderma areolatum, Ganoderma bakeri, Ganoderma balabacense, Ganoderma cacainum, Ganoderma calcigenum, Ganoderma calidophilum, Ganoderma camphoratum, Ganoderma cantharelloideum, Ganoderma capense, Ganoderma carnosum, Ganoderma cehengense, Ganoderma cervinum, Ganoderma chaffangeonii, Ganoderma chalceum, Ganoderma chaperi, Ganoderma chenhaiense, Ganoderma chilense, Ganoderma chiungchungense, Ganoderma chonoides, Ganoderma cochlear, Ganoderma coffeatum, Ganoderma colossus, Ganoderma comorense, Ganoderma comphoratum, Ganoderma concinnum, Ganoderma conicus, Ganoderma corrugatum, Ganoderma costatus, Ganoderma crebrostriatum, Ganoderma cupreolaccatum, Ganoderma cupreum, Ganoderma cupulatiprocerum, Ganoderma curranii, Ganoderma curtisii, Ganoderma dahlii, Ganoderma daiqingshanense, Ganoderma dejongii, Ganoderma densizonatum, Ganoderma diaoluoshanense, Ganoderma donkii, Ganoderma dorsale, Ganoderma dubio-cochlear, Ganoderma dussii, Ganoderma elmeri, Ganoderma elmerianum, Ganoderma eminii, Ganoderma endochrum, Ganoderma europaeum, Ganoderma exile, Ganoderma expallens, Ganoderma fasciatum, Ganoderma fasciculatum, Ganoderma fassii, Ganoderma fassioides, Ganoderma fici, Ganoderma flabelliforme, Ganoderma flaviporum, Ganoderma flexipes, Ganoderma formosanum, Ganoderma formosissimum, Ganoderma fornicatum, Ganoderma frondosum, Ganoderma fulvellum, Ganoderma fuscum, Ganoderma galegense, Ganoderma gelsicola, Ganoderma ghesquierei, Ganoderma gibbosum, Ganoderma gilletii, Ganoderma guadelupense, Ganoderma guinanense, Ganoderma guizhouense, Ganoderma hainanense, Ganoderma henningsii, Ganoderma hildebrandii, Ganoderma hinnuleum, Ganoderma hoehnelianum, Ganoderma hollidayi, Ganoderma hoploides, Ganoderma hypoxanthum, Ganoderma impolitum, Ganoderma incrassatum, Ganoderma incrustatum, Ganoderma infulgens, Ganoderma infundibuliforme, Ganoderma insulare, Ganoderma intermedium, Ganoderma japonicum, Ganoderma jianfenglingense, Ganoderma koningsbergii, Ganoderma kosteri, Ganoderma kunmingense, Ganoderma laccatum, Ganoderma lamaoense, Ganoderma leptopum, Ganoderma leucocreas, Ganoderma leucophaeum, Ganoderma leytense, Ganoderma lignosum, Ganoderma limushanense, Ganoderma lingua, Ganoderma linhartii, Ganoderma lionnetii, Ganoderma lipsiense, Ganoderma loydii, Ganoderma lobatoideum, Ganoderma lobatum, Ganoderma longipes, Ganoderma longistipatum, Ganoderma longistipitatum, Ganoderma lorenzianum, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lusambilaense, Ganoderma luteicinctum, Ganoderma luteomarginatum, Ganoderma luteum, Ganoderma macer, Ganoderma magniporum, Ganoderma maitlandii, Ganoderma malayanum, Ganoderma malosporum, Ganoderma mangiferae, Ganoderma manoutchehrii, Ganoderma mastoporum, Ganoderma mediosinense, Ganoderma megaloma, Ganoderma megalosporum, Ganoderma meijangense, Ganoderma melanophaeum, Ganoderma meredithiae, Ganoderma microsporum, Ganoderma miniatocinctum, Ganoderma mirabile, Ganoderma mirivelutinum, Ganoderma mongolicum, Ganoderma multicornum, Ganoderma multipileum, Ganoderma multiplicatum, Ganoderma namutambalaense, Ganoderma neglectus, Ganoderma neojaponicum, Ganoderma neurosporum, Ganoderma nevadense, Ganoderma nigrolucidum, Ganoderma nitens, Ganoderma nitidum, Ganoderma noukahivense, Ganoderma nutans, Ganoderma obockense, Ganoderma obokensis, Ganoderma ochrolaccatum, Ganoderma oerstedii, Ganoderma omphalodes, Ganoderma opacum, Ganoderma orbiforme, Ganoderma oregonense, Ganoderma oroflavum, Ganoderma oroleucum, Ganoderma ostracodes, Ganoderma ostreatum, Ganoderma papillatum, Ganoderma parviungulatum, Ganoderma parvulum, Ganoderma pernanum, Ganoderma personatum, Ganoderma perturbatum, Ganoderma petchii, Ganoderma pfeifferi, Ganoderma philippli, Ganoderma platense, Ganoderma plicatum, Ganoderma polychromum, Ganoderma polymorphum, Ganoderma praelongum Murrill, Ganoderma praetervisum, Ganoderma preussii, Ganoderma pseudoboletus, Ganoderma pseudoferreum, Ganoderma puberulum, Ganoderma puglisii, Ganoderma pulchella, Ganoderma pullatum, Ganoderma pulverulentum, Ganoderma pygmoideum, Ganoderma ramosissimum, Ganoderma ravenelii, Ganoderma renidens, Ganoderma renii, Ganoderma resinaceum, Ganoderma reticulatosporum, Ganoderma rhacodes, Ganoderma rivulosum, Ganoderma rothwellii, Ganoderma rotundatum, Ganoderma rubeolum, Ganoderma rude, Ganoderma rufoalbum, Ganoderma rufobadium, Ganoderma rugosissimus, Ganoderma rugosum, Ganoderma sanmingense, Ganoderma sarasinii, Ganoderma schomburgkii, Ganoderma sculpturatum, Ganoderma septatum, Ganoderma sequoiae, Ganoderma sessile, Ganoderma sessiliforme, Ganoderma shandongense, Ganoderma shangsiens, Ganoderma sichuanense, Ganoderma sikorae, Ganoderma silveirae, Ganoderma simaoense, Ganoderma simulans, Ganoderma sinense, Ganoderma soniense, Ganoderma soyeri, Ganoderma sprucei, Ganoderma staneri, Ganoderma steyaertanum, Ganoderma stipitatum, Ganoderma stratoideum, Ganoderma subamboinense, Ganoderma subfornicatum, Ganoderma subfulvum, Ganoderma subincrustatum, Ganoderma sublucidum, Ganoderma subperforatum, Ganoderma subrenatum, Ganoderma subresinosum, Ganoderma subrugosus, Ganoderma substipitata, Ganoderma subtornatum, Ganoderma subtuberculosum, Ganoderma subumbraculum, Ganoderma sulcatum, Ganoderma tenue, Ganoderma testaceum, Ganoderma theaecolum, Ganoderma tibetanum, Ganoderma tornatum, Ganoderma torosum, Ganoderma torrendii, Ganoderma trengganuense, Ganoderma triangulum, Ganoderma triviale, Ganoderma tropicum, Ganoderma trulla, Ganoderma trulliforme, Ganoderma tsugae, Ganoderma tsunodae, Ganoderma tuberculosum, Ganoderma tumidum, Ganoderma umbraculum, Ganoderma umbrinum, Ganoderma ungulatum, Ganoderma valesiacum, Ganoderma vanheurnii, Ganoderma vanmeelii, Ganoderma variabile, Ganoderma weberianum, Ganoderma williamsianum, Ganoderma wuhuense, Ganoderma wynaadense, Ganoderma xanthocreas, Ganoderma xingyiense, Ganoderma xylodes, Ganoderma xylonoides, Ganoderma zhenningense and Ganoderma zonatum.
    • 1865. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma adspersum.
    • 1866. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma africanum.
    • 1867. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma applanatum.
    • 1868. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma arcuatum.
    • 1869. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma areolatum.
    • 1870. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma bakeri.
    • 1871. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma balabacense.
    • 1872. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma cacainum.
    • 1873. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma cacainum.
    • 1874. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma calcigenum.
    • 1875. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma calidophilum.
    • 1876. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma camphoratum.
    • 1877. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma cantharelloideum.
    • 1878. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma capense.
    • 1879. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma carnosum.
    • 1880. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma cehengense.
    • 1881. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma cervinum.
    • 1882. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma chaffangeonii.
    • 1883. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma chalceum.
    • 1884. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma chaperi.
    • 1885. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma chenhaiense.
    • 1886. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma chilense.
    • 1887. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma chiungchungense.
    • 1888. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma chonoides.
    • 1889. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma cochlear.
    • 1890. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma coffeatum.
    • 1891. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma colossus.
    • 1892. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma comorense.
    • 1893. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma comphoratum.
    • 1894. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma concinnum.
    • 1895. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma conicus.
    • 1896. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma corrugatum.
    • 1897. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma costatus.
    • 1898. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma crebrostriatum.
    • 1899. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma cupreolaccatum.
    • 1900. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma curranii.
    • 1901. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma curtisii.
    • 1902. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma dahlii.
    • 1903. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma daiqingshanense.
    • 1904. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma dejongii.
    • 1905. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma densizonatum.
    • 1906. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma diaoluoshanense.
    • 1907. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma donkii.
    • 1908. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma dorsale.
    • 1909. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma dubio-cochlear.
    • 1910. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma dussii.
    • 1911. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma elmeri.
    • 1912. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma elmerianum.
    • 1913. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma eminii.
    • 1914. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma endochrum.
    • 1915. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma europaeum.
    • 1916. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma exile.
    • 1917. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma expallens.
    • 1918. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma fasciatum.
    • 1919. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma fassii.
    • 1920. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma fassioides.
    • 1921. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma fici.
    • 1922. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma flabelliforme.
    • 1923. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma flaviporum.
    • 1924. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma flexipes.
    • 1925. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma formosanum.
    • 1926. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma formosissimum.
    • 1927. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma fornicatum.
    • 1928. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma frondosum.
    • 1929. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma fulvellum.
    • 1930. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma fuscum.
    • 1931. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma galegense.
    • 1932. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma gelsicola.
    • 1933. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma ghesquierei.
    • 1934. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma gibbosum.
    • 1935. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma gilletii.
    • 1936. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma guadelupense.
    • 1937. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma guinanense.
    • 1938. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma guizhouense.
    • 1939. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma hainanense.
    • 1940. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma henningsii.
    • 1941. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma hildebrandii.
    • 1942. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma hinnuleum.
    • 1943. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma hoehnelianum.
    • 1944. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma hollidayi.
    • 1945. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma hoploides.
    • 1946. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma hypoxanthum.
    • 1947. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma impolitum.
    • 1948. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma incrassatum.
    • 1949. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma incrustatum.
    • 1950. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma infulgens.
    • 1951. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma infundibuliforme.
    • 1952. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma insulare.
    • 1953. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma intermedium.
    • 1954. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma japonicum.
    • 1955. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma jianfenglingense.
    • 1956. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma koningsbergii.
    • 1957. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma kosteri.
    • 1958. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma kunmingense.
    • 1959. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma laccatum.
    • 1960. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma lamaoense.
    • 1961. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma leptopum.
    • 1962. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma leucocreas.
    • 1963. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma leucophaeum.
    • 1964. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma leytense.
    • 1965. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma lignosum.
    • 1966. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma limushanense.
    • 1967. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma lingua.
    • 1968. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma linhartii.
    • 1969. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma lionnetii.
    • 1970. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma lipsiense.
    • 1971. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma lloydii.
    • 1972. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma lobatoideum.
    • 1973. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma lobatum.
    • 1974. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma longipes.
    • 1975. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma longistipatum.
    • 1976. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma lorenzianum.
    • 1977. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma lucidum.
    • 1978. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma lusambilaense.
    • 1979. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma luteicinctum.
    • 1980. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma luteomarginatum.
    • 1981. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma luteum.
    • 1982. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma macer.
    • 1983. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma magniporum.
    • 1984. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma maitlandii.
    • 1985. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma malayanum.
    • 1986. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma malosporum.
    • 1987. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma mangiferae.
    • 1988. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma manoutchehrii.
    • 1989. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma mastoporum.
    • 1990. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma mediosinense.
    • 1991. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma megaloma.
    • 1992. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma megalosporum.
    • 1993. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma meijangense.
    • 1994. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma melanophaeum.
    • 1995. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma meredithiae.
    • 1996. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma microsporum.
    • 1997. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma miniatocinctum.
    • 1998. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma mirabile.
    • 1999. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma mirivelutinum.
    • 2000. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma mongolicum.
    • 2001. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma multicornum.
    • 2002. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma multipileum.
    • 2003. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma multiplicatum.
    • 2004. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma namutambalaense.
    • 2005. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma neglectus.
    • 2006. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma neojaponicum.
    • 2007. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma neurosporum.
    • 2008. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma nevadense.
    • 2009. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma nigrolucidum.
    • 2010. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma nitens.
    • 2011. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma nitidum.
    • 2012. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell Ganoderma noukahivense.
    • 2013. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma nutans.
    • 2014. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma obockense.
    • 2015. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma obokensis.
    • 2016. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma ochrolaccatum.
    • 2017. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma oerstedii.
    • 2018. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma omphalodes.
    • 2019. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma opacum.
    • 2020. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma orbiforme.
    • 2021. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma oregonense.
    • 2022. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma oroflavum.
    • 2023. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma oroleucum.
    • 2024. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma ostracodes.
    • 2025. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is ostreatum.
    • 2026. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma papillatum.
    • 2027. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma parviungulatum.
    • 2028. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma parvulum.
    • 2029. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma pernanum.
    • 2030. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma personatum.
    • 2031. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma perturbatum.
    • 2032. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma petchii.
    • 2033. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma pfeifferi.
    • 2034. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma philippii.
    • 2035. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma platense.
    • 2036. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma plicatum.
    • 2037. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma polychromum.
    • 2038. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma polymorphum.
    • 2039. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma praelongum.
    • 2040. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma praetervisum.
    • 2041. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma preussii.
    • 2042. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma pseudoboletus.
    • 2043. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma pseudoferreum.
    • 2044. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma puberulum.
    • 2045. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma puglisii.
    • 2046. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma puichella.
    • 2047. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma pullatum.
    • 2048. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma pulverulentum.
    • 2049. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma pygmoideum.
    • 2050. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma ramosissimum.
    • 2051. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma ravenelii.
    • 2052. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma renidens.
    • 2053. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma renii.
    • 2054. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma resinaceum.
    • 2055. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma reticulatosporum.
    • 2056. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma rhacode.
    • 2057. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma rivulosum.
    • 2058. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma rothwellii.
    • 2059. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma rotundatum.
    • 2060. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma rubeolum.
    • 2061. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma rude.
    • 2062. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma rufoalbum.
    • 2063. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma rufobadium.
    • 2064. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma rugosissimus.
    • 2065. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma rugosum.
    • 2066. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma sanmingense.
    • 2067. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma sarasinii.
    • 2068. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma schomburgkii.
    • 2069. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma sculpturatum.
    • 2070. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma septatum.
    • 2071. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma sequoiae.
    • 2072. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma sessile.
    • 2073. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma sessiliforme.
    • 2074. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma shandongense.
    • 2075. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma shangsiens.
    • 2076. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma sichuanense.
    • 2077. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma sikorae.
    • 2078. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma silveirae.
    • 2079. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma simaoense.
    • 2080. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma simulans.
    • 2081. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma sinense.
    • 2082. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma soniense.
    • 2083. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma soyeri.
    • 2084. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma sprucei.
    • 2085. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma staneri.
    • 2086. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma steyaertanum.
    • 2087. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma stipitatum.
    • 2088. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma stratoideum.
    • 2089. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma subamboinense.
    • 2090. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma subfornicatum.
    • 2091. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma subfulvum.
    • 2092. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma subincrustatum.
    • 2093. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma sublucidum.
    • 2094. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma subperForatum.
    • 2095. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma subrenatum.
    • 2096. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma subresinosum.
    • 2097. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma subrugosus.
    • 2098. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma substipitata.
    • 2099. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma subtornatum.
    • 2100. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma subtuberculosum.
    • 2101. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma subumbraculum.
    • 2102. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma sulcatum.
    • 2103. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma tenue.
    • 2104. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma testaceum.
    • 2105. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma theaecolum.
    • 2106. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma tibetanum.
    • 2107. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma tornatum.
    • 2108. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma torosum.
    • 2109. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma torrendii.
    • 2110. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma trengganuense.
    • 2111. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma triangulum.
    • 2112. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma triviale.
    • 2113. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma tropicum.
    • 2114. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma trulla.
    • 2115. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma trulliforme.
    • 2116. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma tsugae.
    • 2117. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma tsunodae.
    • 2118. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma tuberculosum.
    • 2119. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma tumidum.
    • 2120. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma umbraculum.
    • 2121. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma umbrinum.
    • 2122. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma ungulatum.
    • 2123. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma valesiacum.
    • 2124. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma vanheurnii.
    • 2125. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma vanmeelii.
    • 2126. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma variabile.
    • 2127. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma weberianum.
    • 2128. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma williamsianum.
    • 2129. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma wuhuense.
    • 2130. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma wynaadense.
    • 2131. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma xanthocreas.
    • 2132. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma xingyiense.
    • 2133. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma xylodes.
    • 2134. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma xylonoides.
    • 2135. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma zhenningense.
    • 2136. The bioactive agent according to item 1864, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Ganoderma zonatum.
    • 2137. The bioactive agent according to item 1498, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a species selected from the group consisting of Grifola acanthoides, Grifola albicans, Grifola armeniaca, Grifola badia, Grifola colensoi, Grifola eos, Grifola fractipes, Grifola frondosa, Grifola gargal, Grifola gigantea, Grifola intybacea, Grifola lentifrondosa, Grifola obducta, Grifola platypora, Grifola rosularis, Grifola sordulenta, Grifola sulphurea, Grifola sumstinei and Grifola tuckahoe.
    • 2138. The bioactive agent according to item 2137, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Grifola acanthoides.
    • 2139. The bioactive agent according to item 2137, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Grifola albicans.
    • 2140. The bioactive agent according to item 2137, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Grifola armeniaca.
    • 2141. The bioactive agent according to item 2137, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Grifola badia.
    • 2142. The bioactive agent according to item 2137, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Grifola colensoi.
    • 2143. The bioactive agent according to item 2137, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Grifola eos.
    • 2144. The bioactive agent according to item 2137, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Grifola fractipes.
    • 2145. The bioactive agent according to item 2137, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Grifola frondosa.
    • 2146. The bioactive agent according to item 2137, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Grifola gargal.
    • 2147. The bioactive agent according to item 2137, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Grifola gigantea.
    • 2148. The bioactive agent according to item 2137, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Grifola intybacea.
    • 2149. The bioactive agent according to item 2137, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Grifola lentifrondosa.
    • 2150. The bioactive agent according to item 2137, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Grifola obducta.
    • 2151. The bioactive agent according to item 2137, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Grifola platypora.
    • 2152. The bioactive agent according to item 2137, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Grifola rosularis.
    • 2153. The bioactive agent according to item 2137, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Grifola sordulenta.
    • 2154. The bioactive agent according to item 2137, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Grifola sulphurea.
    • 2155. The bioactive agent according to item 2137, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Grifola sumstinei.
    • 2156. The bioactive agent according to item 2137, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Grifola tuckahoe.
    • 2157. The bioactive agent according to item 1654, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a species selected from the group consisting of Lentinus albovelutinus, Lentinus anthocephalus, Lentinus badius, Lentinus castoreus, Lentinus chrysopeplus, Lentinus cochleatus, Lentinus concinnus, Lentinus delicatus, Lentinus edodes, Lentinus fasciatus, Lentinus hyracinus, Lentinus lepideus sensu, Lentinus lepideus, Lentinus novaezelandiae, Lentinus pulvinulus, Lentinus punctaticeps, Lentinus punctaticeps, Lentinus pygmaeus, Lentinus sajor-caju, Lentinus squarrulosus, Lentinus strigosus, Lentinus suffrutescens, Lentinus tuber-regium and Lentinus zelandicus.
    • 2158. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus albovelutinus.
    • 2159. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus albovelutinus.
    • 2160. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus anthocephalus.
    • 2161. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus badius.
    • 2162. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus castoreus.
    • 2163. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus chrysopeplus.
    • 2164. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus cochleatus.
    • 2165. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus concinnus.
    • 2166. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus delicatus.
    • 2167. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus edodes.
    • 2168. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus fasciatus.
    • 2169. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus hyracinus.
    • 2170. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus lepideus sensu.
    • 2171. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus lepideus.
    • 2172. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus novaezelandiae.
    • 2173. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus pulvinulus.
    • 2174. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus punctaticeps.
    • 2175. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus pygmaeus.
    • 2176. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus sajor-caju.
    • 2177. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus squarrulosus.
    • 2178. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus strigosus.
    • 2179. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus suffrutescens.
    • 2180. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus tuber-regium.
    • 2181. The bioactive agent according to item 2157, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Lentinus zelandicus.
    • 2182. The bioactive agent according to item 1737, wherein said Basidiomycete cell belongs to a species selected from the group consisting of Trametes cervina, Trametes cingulata, Trametes cotonea, Trametes gibbosa, Trametes hirsuta, Trametes incerta, Trametes lactine, Trametes maxima, Trametes meyenii, Trametes morganii, Trametes ochracea, Trametes pubescens, Trametes robiniophila, Trametes suaveolens, Trametes subsinuosa, Trametes tegularis, Trametes tenuis, Trametes trabea, Trametes umbrina, Trametes unicolor, Trametes versicolor, Trametes villosa and Trametes zonata.
    • 2183. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes cervina.
    • 2184. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes cingulata.
    • 2185. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes cotonea.
    • 2186. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes gibbosa.
    • 2187. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes hirsuta.
    • 2188. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes incerta.
    • 2189. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes lactine.
    • 2190. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes maxima.
    • 2191. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes meyenii.
    • 2192. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes morganii.
    • 2193. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes ochracea.
    • 2194. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes pubescens.
    • 2195. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes robiniophila.
    • 2196. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes suaveolens.
    • 2197. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes subsinuosa.
    • 2198. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes tegularis.
    • 2199. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes tenuis.
    • 2200. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes trabea.
    • 2201. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes umbrina.
    • 2202. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes unicolor.
    • 2203. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes versicolor.
    • 2204. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes villosa.
    • 2205. The bioactive agent according to item 2182, wherein Basidiomycete cell is Trametes zonata.
    • 2206. A composition comprising the bioactive agent according to any of the items above and a physiologically acceptable carrier.
    • 2207. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the bioactive agent according to any of the items above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
    • 2208. Use of the pharmaceutical composition according to item 2207 in the manufacture of a medicament.
  • In one embodiment, the bioactive agent is an Agaricus bioactive agent. A bioactive agent from any of the below Agaricus species may be used in the present invention, such as any bioactive agents from the group consisting of: Agaricus arorae, Agaricus arvensis, Agaricus augustus, Agaricus benesi, Agaricus bernardii, Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus bitorquis, Agaricus blazei Murill yh (has reclassified as Agaricus brasiliensis), Agaricus californicus, Agaricus campestris, Agaricus comptulus, Agaricus cupreo-brunneus, Agaricus diminutives, Agaricus fusco-fibrillosus, Agaricus fuscovelatus, Agaricus hondensis, Agaricus lilaceps, Agaricus micromegathus, Agaricus praeclaresquamosus, Agaricus pattersonae, Agaricus perobscurus, Agaricus semotus, Agaricus silvicola, Agaricus subrutilescens, Agaricus xanthodermus.
  • It is preferred that the Agaricus bioactive agent is from any of the following: A. blazei, A. blazei Murill, A. bisporus, A. hortensis, A. campestris.
  • In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent is from A. blazei, preferably A. blazei Murill.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent is from A. bisporus. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent is from A. hortensis. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent is from A. campestris
  • Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention the compositions disclosed herein have been produced by an Agaricus fungus. Preferably, the compositions have been purified from the extracellular environment of an Agaricus fungus. Even more preferably the fungus, preferably a fungal mycelium, has been cultivated in a liquid growth medium and said composition has been purified from said liquid growth medium.
  • It is thus preferred that the composition of the invention has been produced by a method comprising the steps of
      • i) cultivating an Agaricus fungus, such as an Agaricus fungal mycelium, in a liquid growth medium, and
      • ii) isolating the composition from said liquid growth medium
  • By fungal mycelium is intended any fungal biomass, which can be grown in a submerged culture. The fungal biomass may be in the form of single hyphae, spores, aggregates of mycelium, and partly differentiated mycelium.
  • The liquid growth medium may be any of the liquid growth media described herein below.
  • The Agaricus bioactive agent comprised in the kit of parts according to the present invention may be in solid or liquid form.
  • In one preferred embodiment, the Agaricus bioactive agent is selected from the group consisting of:
      • agents comprising or consisting of an oligosaccharide,
      • agents comprising or consisting of a polysaccharide,
      • agents comprising or consisting of an optionally glycosylated peptide,
      • agents comprising or consisting of an optionally glycosylated polypeptide,
      • agents comprising or consisting of an oligonucleotide,
      • agents comprising or consisting of a polynucleotide,
      • agents comprising or consisting of a lipid,
      • agents comprising or consisting of a fatty acid,
      • agents comprising or consisting of a fatty acid ester and
      • agents comprising or consisting of secondary metabolites.
  • Thus, in one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent is selected from the group consisting of: an agent selected from an oligosaccharide, a polysaccharide and an optionally glycosylated polypeptide.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent is a polysaccharide.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent is an oligosaccharide.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent is an optionally glycosylated polypeptide.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent is a homopolymer
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent is a heteropolymer
    • Further Characterisation of the Agaricus Bioactive Species:
  • In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of an optionally glycosylated peptide.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of a polypeptide
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of an oligonucleotide
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of a polynucleotide.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of a lipid.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of a fatty acid.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of fatty acid esters.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of secondary metabolite(s), such as steroids, shikimic acids, alkaloids and benzodiazepins.
  • In one embodiment, the Agaricus bioactive agent is a polysaccharide, such as a polysaccharide having a molar ratio of galactose:mannose:glucose of 1:10 to 20:30 to 50, such as 1:12 to 18:35 to 45; for example 1:14 to 16:38 to 42, such as 1:about 15:about 40, for example 1:15:40.
  • Accordingly, the Agaricus bioactive agent may in one embodiment comprise one or more polypeptides and/or a mixture of polysaccharides, wherein the majority of the polysaccharides of the composition has a molecular weight of at least 10,000 Da and wherein said one or more polypeptides and/or said mixture of polysaccharides comprises the monosaccharides galactose, mannose and glucose in the ratio (galactose:mannose:glucose) of 1:0 to 25:1 to 50, such as 1:10 to 20:30 to 50, such as 1:12 to 18:35 to 45; for example 1:14 to 16:38 to 42, such as 1: about 15:about 40, for example 1:15:40.
  • In another one embodiment, the Agaricus bioactive agent according to the present invention has a molar ratio of galactose:mannose:glucose of 1:0.5 to 5:6 to 12, such as 1:1 to 4:7 to 11; for example 1:1.5 to 3.5:7.5 to 10, such as 1:2.0 to 3.0:7.5 to 9.5, for example 1:2.2 to 2.8:8.0 to 9.0, such as 1:about 2.5:8.0 to 9.0, for example 1:2.5:8.0 to 9.0, such as 1:2.5:8.6.
  • Accordingly, the Agaricus bioactive agent according to the present invention can comprise one or more polypeptides and/or a mixture of polysaccharides, wherein the majority of the polysaccharides of the composition has a molecular weight of at least 10,000 Da and wherein said one or more polysaccharides and/or said mixture of polysaccharides comprises the monosaccharides galactose, mannose and glucose in the ratio (galactose:mannose:glucose) of 1:0 to 25:1 to 50, for example 1:0.5 to 5:6 to 12, such as 1:1 to 4:7 to 11; for example 1:1.5 to 3.5:7.5 to 10, such as 1:2.0 to 3.0:7.5 to 9.5, for example 1:2.2 to 2.8:8.0 to 9.0, such as 1:about 2.5:8.0 to 9.0, for example 1:2.5:8.0 to 9.0, such as 1:2.5:8.6.
  • Particularly Preferred Embodiments of the Agaricus Bioactive Agent
  • Particularly preferred embodiments of the Agaricus bioactive agent for use in the present invention are described below:
  • (1) In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the (1-4)-alpha D glucan and/or (1-6)-beta-D-glucan described by Fujimiya et al., (“Selective Tumoricial effect of soluble proteoglucan extracted from the basidiomycete, Agaricus blazei Murill, mediated via natural killer cell activation and apoptosis, Cancer Immunol Immunother (1998) 46: 147-159)
    (2) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the soluble beta-(1-6)-glucans described by Fujimiya et al., (“Peroral effect on tumour progression of soluble beta-(1,6)-glucans prepared by acid treatment from Agaricus blazei. Murr (Agaricaceae, Higher basidiomycetes). International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 2, 43-49).
    (3) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of any of the following compounds described by Smith et al., (“Medicinal mushrooms: their therapeutic properties and current medical usage with special emphasis on cancer treatments.”, downloadable from http://sci.cancerresearchuk.orq/labs/med_mush/med_mush.html): FI1-a-beta (beta-glucan from the fruiting body), FIII2-beta (beta glucan-protein from the fruiting body), FA-1a-beta (hetero-beta glucan from the fruiting body), FA-2b-beta (RNA from the fruiting body), FV-1 (insoluble beta-glucan from the fruiting body), ATOM (glucomannan-protein, isolated from submerged cultured mycelial biomass), AB-FP (mannan protein, isolated from the liquid cultured broth), Beta (1-6)-D-glucan.
    (4) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the beta-(1-6)-D: -glucan described by Kobayashi et al., (“Suppressing effects of daily oral supplementation of beta-glucan extracted from Agaricus blazei Murill on spontaneous and peritoneal disseminated metastasis in mouse model”, J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2005 May 10)
    (5) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the HM3-G (molecular mass 380 kDa), mainly (1-4)-alpha D glucan with (1-6)-beta branching, described by Fujimiya et al., (“Selective Tumoricial effect of soluble proteoglucan extracted from the basidiomycete, Agaricus blazei Murill, mediated via natural killer cell activation and apoptosis, Cancer Immunol Immunother (1998) 46: 147-159).
    (6) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of Glucomannan with a main chain of beta-1,2-linked D-mannopyranosyl residues and beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues as a side chain described by Mizuno et al. (“Anti-tumor polysaccharide from the mycelium of liquid-cultured Agaricus blazei mill“, Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1999 April; 47(4):707-14)
    (7) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the polysaccharide fraction prepared using cold or hot NaOH extraction described by Ohno et al., (Antitumor beta glucan from the cultured fruit body of Agaricus blazei. Biol Pharm Bull. 2001 July; 24(7):820-8).
    (8) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Glucomannan with a main chain of beta-1,2-linked D-mannopyranosyl residues and beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues as a side chain described by Mizuno et al. (“Anti-tumor polysaccharide from the mycelium of liquid-cultured Agaricus blazei mill”, Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1999 April; 47(4):707-14)
    (9) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the alpha-1,4-glucan-beta-1,6-glucan complex with an average molecular weight of 20 kDa described by Fujimiya et al., (Tumor-specific cytocidal and immunopotentiating effects of relatively low molecular weight products derived from the basidiomycete, Agaricus blazei Murill. Anticancer Res. 1999 January-February; 19(1A):113-8)
    (10) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the complex of alpha-1,6- and alpha-1,4-glucan described by Mizuno et al., (Polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei stimulate lymphocyte T-cell subsets in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1998 March; 62(3):434-7)
    (11) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the ergosterol described by Takaku et al., (Isolation of an antitumor compound from Agaricus blazei Murill and its mechanism of action. J Nutr. 2001 May; 131(5):1409-13)
    (12) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of ATOM (glucomannan-protein, isolated from submerged cultured mycelial biomass) described by Ito et al., “Antitumour effects of a new polysaccharide-protein complex (ATOM) prepared from Agaricus blazei(Iwade strain 101) “Himematsutake” and its mechanisms in tumor-bearing mice”, Anticancer research 17:277-284 (1997)
  • (13) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the FIII-2-b ((1-6)-beta-D-glucan complex) described by Kawagishi et al. (“Formolysis of a potent antitumor (1-6)-beta-D-glucan-protein complex from Agaricus blazei fruiting bodies and antitumor activity of the resulting products. Carbohydr polymers 12:393-403, 1990)
  • (14) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Isoflavone-beta-D-glucan, produced by culturing Agaricus blazei mycelia in isoflavone-containing liquid medium described in US2005069989.
    (15) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Glucomannan having a mannose chain of −1, −2 bonds as its primary chain described in JP 11080206.
    (16) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the polysaccharide described by Fan et al., “Production of polysaccharide by culinary-medicinal mushroom Agaricus brasiliensis S Wasser et al. LPB 03 (Agaricomycetideae) in submerged fermentation and its antitumor effect”, International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 2003), 5(1), 17-23.
    (17) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Linoleic acid; and/or 13-hydroxy cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic acid (13ZE-LOH) described in “Fruit body of a basidiomycete Agaricus-Blazei”, Yakugaku Zasshi-Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 1994
    (18) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Ab-FP described by Liu et al., (“Fractionation of extracellular polysaccharide from Agaricus blazei murill and its antitumor activity”, Shipin Yu Fajiao Gongye (2001), 27(11), 27-29;)
    (19) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Glucan-protein complex described by Gonzaga et al., (“Isolation and characterisation of polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei Murill”, Carbohydrate polymers 2005, Vol. 60, Iss 1, p 43-49)
    (20) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Ap-MP (water-soluble mycelia polysaccharide) described by Liu et al., “Study on antitumor activity of Agaricus blazei”.
    (21) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the 1SY16 described by Lee et al. (“1SY16 isolated from Agaricus blazei Murill K as a potent multipotential chemopreventative agent”, Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 2004, Vol 13, Iss 11, p 1861S).
    (22) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Sodium pyroglutamate described by Kimura et al. (“Isolation of an anti-angiogenic substance from Agaricus blazei Murill: Its antitumor and antimetastatic actions”, Cancer Science 2004, Vol 95, Iss 9, p758-764).
    (23) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Blazeispirane derivatives described by Hirotani et al., (“Blazeispirane and protoblazeispirane derivatives from the cultured mycelia of the fungus Agaricus blazei”, Phytochemistry 2002, Vol. 61, Iss 5, p 589-595).
    (24) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of any of the basidiolipids BI-1, BI-2, BI-3 or BI-4 as described by Jennemann et al., “Novel glycoinositolphosphosphingolipds, basidiolipds, from Agaricus”, Eur. J. Biochem. 259, 331-338 (1999).
    (25) In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent is a composition comprising one or more polypeptides and a mixture of polysaccharides, wherein the majority of the polysaccharides of the composition has a molecular weight of at least 10,000 Da and wherein said mixture of polysaccharides comprises the monosaccharides galactose, mannose and glucose in the ratio 1:0 to 25:1 to 50.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compound may be Beta-(1-3)-D-glucan, Beta-(1-4)-a-D-glucan or Beta—(1-6)-D-glucan.
  • The bioactive agent can be obtained from the extracellular medium after having been subjected to at least one further method step selected from a purification step or a precipitation step, such as precipitation by mixing the extracellular medium with an alcohol. The mycelium is removed from the liquid growth medium prior to the isolation of the bioactive agent. The fungal mycelium can be removed e.g. by filtration or centrifugation.
  • The bioactive agent can also be precipitated by ultracentrifugation. The bioactive agent can be size fractionated prior to precipitation or centrifugation and the bioactive agent can be further purified by one or more steps involving washing, desalting, size fractionation, and affinity chromatography, such as ion-exchange chromatography. In one embodiment, the bioactive agent is further purified by washing and ion-exchange chromatography.
  • The precipitated immune stimulating agent can also be further purified by size exclusion chromatography or gel filtration.
  • In one embodiment, the bioactive agent isolatable from the liquid growth medium is also produced intracellularly in said Basidiomycete sp. The bioactive agent isolatable from the liquid growth medium can be immunologically distinct from an intracellularly produced bioactive variant of the agent having essentially the same activity.
  • The liquid growth medium can comprise one or more of malt extract, yeast extract, peptone, glucose, sucrose, salts providing phosphate, magnesium and potassium, corn-steep liquor and vitamins, such as thiamine. In one embodiment, the liquid growth medium comprises malt extract, yeast extract, peptone, and glucose. The liquid growth medium is agitated and supplied with an oxygen source and the growth temperature is preferably in the range of from 23° C. to 32° C.
    • Modulation of the Immune System
  • The compositions according to the invention may be immune modulating, preferably, the compositions are immune stimulating. The stimulation of the immune system can be demonstrated by e.g. increased antibody production, by activation of helper T-cells, or by increased production of interleukins such as Interleukin 1 and Interleukin 2.
  • Any assay known to the skilled person, which is suitable for testing whether a composition is immune modulating may be employed to test whether a composition of the present invention is immune modulating. Such an assay may be an in vitro or an in vivo assay.
  • One preferred assay is to test whether the composition is capable of inducing IL-1 production, such as IL1-α and/or IL1-β production. Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composition according to the present invention is capable of inducing IL-1 production from at least one kind of 1L-1 producing cells in an in-vitro assay. The cells may be any IL-1 producing cells, such as P388 mouse macrophage cells. IL-1 production may be determined using any suitable assay. In general, assays involving the use of specific IL-1 antibodies, such as specific IL1-α and/or IL1-1β antibodies, are useful. Such assays may for example be Western blotting, ELISA or similar assays. The assay may be performed as described in example 4.
  • Because it is difficult to calibrate an IL1 assay, the assay is preferably performed using a specific composition as reference. Thus in one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composition is capable of inducing production of at least 1.5, preferably at least 2, such as at least 4, for example at least 6, such as at least 8, for example at least 10, such as at least 15, for example at least 20, such as at least 30, for example at least 40 times more IL1-α, than the amount of IL1-α induced using the commercially available Lentinan for injection (Eureka Bio-Chemicals Pty, Little Collins Street. Melbourne 3000, Australia) in a reference experiment performed in parallel. In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composition is capable of inducing production of at least 1.5, preferably at least 2, such as at least 4, for example at least 6, such as at least 8, for example at least 10, such as at least 15, for example at least 20 times more IL1-11, than the amount of IL1-11 induced using Lentinan for injection from Eureka Biochemicals Pty. in a reference experiment performed in parallel. Preferably, the aforementioned assays are performed as described in example 4. It is most preferred that the composition induced production of both IL1α and IL1β as described above.
  • In another embodiment of the invention, the composition is capable of enhancing antibody production in a mammal, when administered to said mammal. The mammal may for example be a mouse, rat, rabbit or even a human being. Preferably such an assay is performed by administering the composition to a mammal prior to and simultaneously with administration of an antigen, optionally in the presence of an adjuvant. Preferably, the composition is administered in the range of 1 to 30 days, preferably in the range of 1 to 10 days, more preferably in the range of 1 to 3 days prior to administration of the antigen. Subsequently, antibody production in the mammal may be determined. The composition is preferably capable of inducing production of at least 1.5, more preferably at least 2, even more preferably at least 2.5, such as at least 3, for example at least 4, such as 6 times more antibody compared to the amount of antibody produced without administration of the composition. An example of such an assay is outlined in example 6.
  • It is preferred that the composition is immune modulating in more than one assay system, such as in a combination of any of the assay systems described herein above.
    • Manufacture of an Agaricus Bioactive Agent
  • Methods of manufacture of the bioactive agent for use in the present invention are well-known to those skilled in the art, such as disclosed in any of the following references, incorporated herein by reference: Fujimiya et al., (“Selective Tumoricial effect of soluble proteoglucan extracted from the basidiomycete, Agaricus blazei Murill, mediated via natural killer cell activation and apoptosis, Cancer Immunol Immunother (1998) 46: 147-159); Fujimiya et al., (“Peroral effect on tumour progression of soluble beta-(1,6)-glucans prepared by acid treatment from Agaricus blazei. Murr (Agaricaceae, Higher basidiomycetes). International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 2, 43-49); Smith et al., (“Medicinal mushrooms: their therapeutic properties and current medical usage with special emphasis on cancer treatments.”, downloadable from http://sci.cancerresearchuk.orq/labs/med_mush/med_mush.html); Kobayashi et al., (“Suppressing effects of daily oral supplementation of beta-glucan extracted from Agaricus blazei Murill on spontaneous and peritoneal disseminated metastasis in mouse model”, J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2005 May 10); Fujimiya et al., (“Selective Tumoricial effect of soluble proteoglucan extracted from the basidiomycete, Agaricus blazei Murill, mediated via natural killer cell activation and apoptosis, Cancer Immunol Immunother (1998) 46: 147-159); Mizuno et al. (“Anti-tumor polysaccharide from the mycelium of liquid-cultured Agaricus blazei mill”, Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1999 April; 47(4):707-14); Ohno et al., (Antitumor beta glucan from the cultured fruit body of Agaricus blazei. Biol Pharm Bull. 2001 July; 24(7):820-8); Mizuno et al. (“Anti-tumor polysaccharide from the mycelium of liquid-cultured Agaricus blazei mill”, Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1999 April; 47(4):707-14); Fujimiya et al., (Tumor-specific cytocidal and immunopotentiating effects of relatively low molecular weight products derived from the basidiomycete, Agaricus blazei Murill. Anticancer Res. 1999 January-February; 19(1A):113-8); Mizuno et al., (Polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei stimulate lymphocyte T-cell subsets in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1998 March; 62(3):434-7); Takaku et al., (Isolation of an antitumor compound from Agaricus blazei Murill and its mechanism of action. J Nutr. 2001 May; 131(5):1409-13); Ito et al., “Antitumour effects of a new polysaccharide-protein complex (ATOM) prepared from Agaricus blazei (Iwade strain 101) “Himematsutake” and its mechanisms in tumor-bearing mice”, Anticancer research 17:277-284 (1997); Kawagishi et al. (“Formolysis of a potent antitumor (1-6)-beta-D-glucan-protein complex from Agaricus blazei fruiting bodies and antitumor activity of the resulting products. Carbohydr polymers 12:393-403, 1990); US2005069989; JP 11080206; Fan et al., “Production of polysaccharide by culinary-medicinal mushroom Agaricus brasiliensis S Wasser et al. LPB 03 (Agaricomycetideae) in submerged fermentation and its antitumor effect”, International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 2003), 5(1), 17-23; “Fruit body of a basidiomycete Agaricus-Blazei”, Yakugaku Zasshi-Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 1994; Liu et al., (“Fractionation of extracellular polysaccharide from Agaricus blazei murill and its antitumor activity”, Shipin Yu Fajiao Gongye (2001), 27(11), 27-29;); Gonzaga et al., (“Isolation and characterisation of polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei Murill”, Carbohydrate polymers 2005, Vol. 60, Iss 1, p 43-49); Liu et al., “Study on antitumor activity of Agaricus blazei”; Lee et al. (“1SY16 isolated from Agaricus blazei Murill K as a potent multipotential chemopreventative agent”, Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 2004, Vol 13, Iss 11, p 1861S); Kimura et al. (“Isolation of an anti-angiogenic substance from Agaricus blazei Murill: Its antitumor and antimetastatic actions”, Cancer Science 2004, Vol 95, Iss 9, p758-764); Hirotani et al., (“Blazeispirane and protoblazeispirane derivatives from the cultured mycelia of the fungus Agaricus blazei”, Phytochemistry 2002, Vol. 61, Iss 5, p 589-595); Jennemann et al., “Novel glycoinositolphosphosphingolipds, basidiolipds, from Agaricus”, Eur. J. Biochem. 259, 331-338 (1999).
  • It is preferred that the Agaricus species is produced in a liquid medium using submerged fermentation techniques. The liquid growth medium may in one embodiment comprise one or more of malt extract, yeast extract, peptone, glucose, sucrose, salts providing phosphate, magnesium and potassium, corn-steep liquor and vitamins, such as thiamine. Agaricus may also be grown in a liquid growth medium comprising malt extract, yeast extract, peptone, and glucose.
  • For use in the present invention, the Agaricus may be grown in a liquid growth medium which is agitated and supplied with an oxygen source.
  • For use in the present invention, the Agaricus may be grown at a temperature in the range of from 23° C. to 32° C.
  • For use in the present invention, the Agaricus mycelium may be removed from the liquid growth medium prior to the isolation of the Agaricus bioactive agent.
  • For use in the present invention, the Agaricus fungal mycelium may be removed from the initial Agaricus culture by filtration or centrifugation.
    • Individual Treated Using the Compositions of the Present Invention
  • Any individual may be treated using the kit-of-parts according to the invention, for example in any of the uses or methods described herein. Preferably, said individual is a mammal, such as a human being. In one embodiment of the present invention, the individual is immunocompromised.
  • In one embodiment of the present invention, said individual is elderly, such as 60-120 years old, for example 70-120 years old, such as 80-120 years old, for instance 90-120 years old. In another embodiment of the present invention, said individual is 20-60 years old, such as 30-50 years old. In another embodiment of the present invention, said individual is a child, such as from 0-20 years old, for example 0-15 years old, such as 0-10 years old, for example 0-5 years old, such as 0-1 years old, such as a newborn child less than 2 months old.
    • Pharmaceutical Composition
  • While it is possible for the compounds or salts thereof useful in the present invention to be administered as the raw chemical, it is preferred to present them in the form of a pharmaceutical composition. The anti-cancer compound and Agaricus bioactive agent may be co-formulated as two separate pharmaceutical compositions.
  • In one particular embodiment the invention relates to the use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a mixture of at least two different Agaricus bioactive compounds and/or at least one or two anti-cancer medicaments.
  • The pharmaceutical composition may comprise any anti-cancer agent and/or Agaricus bioactive agent or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, vehicles and/or excipients. Said composition may further optionally comprise transport molecules. The transport molecules are primarily added in order to increase the half-life of the compound(s). Transport molecules act by having incorporated into or anchored to it the compound according to the invention.
  • Any suitable transport molecules known to the skilled person may be used, such as liposomes, micelles, and/or microspheres.
  • Conventional liposomes are typically composed of phospholipids (neutral or negatively charged) and/or cholesterol. The liposomes are vesicular structures based on lipid bilayers surrounding aqueous compartments. They can vary in their physiochemical properties such as size, lipid composition, surface charge and number and fluidity of the phospholipids bilayers. The most frequently used lipid for liposome formation are: 1,2-Dilauroyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DLPC), 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DMPC), 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DSPC), 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DOPC), 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine (DMPE), 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine (DPPE), 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphate (Monosodium Salt) (DMPA), 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphate (Monosodium Salt) (DPPA), 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphate (Monosodium Salt) (DOPA), 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (Sodium Salt) (DMPG), 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (Sodium Salt) (DPPG), 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (Sodium Salt) (DOPG), 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-L-Serine] (Sodium Salt) (DMPS), 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-L-Serine] (Sodium Salt) (DPPS), 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-L-Serine] (Sodium Salt) (DOPS), 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine-N-(glutaryl) (Sodium Salt) and 1,1′,2,2′-Tetramyristoyl Cardiolipin (Ammonium Salt). Formulations composed of DPPC in combination with other lipid or modifiers of liposomes are preferred e.g. in combination with cholesterol and/or phosphatidylcholine.
  • Long-circulating liposomes are characterized by their ability to extravasate at body sites where the permeability of the vascular wall is increased. The most popular way to produce long circulating liposomes is to attach hydrophilic polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) covalently to the outer surface of the liposome. Some of the preferred lipids are: 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine-N-[Methoxy(Polyethylene glycol)-2000] (Ammonium Salt), 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine-N-[Methoxy(Polyethylene glycol)-5000] (Ammonium Salt), 1,2-Dioleoyl-3-Trimethylammonium-Propane (Chloride Salt) (DOTAP).
  • A variety of methods are available for preparing liposomes, as described in, e.g., Szoka et al., Ann. Rev. Biophys. Bioeng. 9:467 (1980), U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,235,871, 4,501,728 and 4,837,028, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. One method is described in example 9. Another method produces multilamellar vesicles of heterogeneous sizes. In this method, the vesicle-forming lipids are dissolved in a suitable organic solvent or solvent system and dried under vacuum or an inert gas to form a thin lipid film. If desired, the film may be redissolved in a suitable solvent, such as tertiary butanol, and then lyophilized to form a more homogeneous lipid mixture which is in a more easily hydrated powder like form. This film is covered with an aqueous solution of the targeted drug and the targeting component and allowed to hydrate, typically over a 15-60 minute period with agitation. The size distribution of the resulting multilamellar vesicles can be shifted toward smaller sizes by hydrating the lipids under more vigorous agitation conditions or by adding solubilizing detergents such as deoxycholate. Additionally, the liposome suspension may include lipid-protective agents which protect lipids against free-radical and lipid-peroxidative damages on storage. Lipophilic free-radical quenchers, such as alpha-tocopherol and water-soluble iron-specific chelators, such as ferrioxianine, are preferred.
  • Micelles are formed by surfactants (molecules that contain a hydrophobic portion and one or more ionic or otherwise strongly hydrophilic groups) in aqueous solution. As the concentration of a solid surfactant increases, its monolayers adsorbed at the air/water or glass/water interfaces become so tightly packed that further occupancy requires excessive compression of the surfactant molecules already in the two monolayers. Further increments in the amount of dissolved surfactant beyond that concentration cause amounts equivalent to the new molecules to aggregate into micelles. This process begins at a characteristic concentration called “critical micelle concentration”.
  • The shape of micelles formed in dilute surfactant solutions is approximately spherical. The polar head groups of the surfactant molecules are arranged in an outer spherical shell whereas their hydrocarbon chains are oriented toward the center, forming a spherical core for the micelle. The hydrocarbon chains are randomly coiled and entangled and the micellar interior has a nonpolar, liquid-like character. In the micelles of polyoxyethylated non-ionic detergents, the polyoxyethlene moieties are oriented outward and permeated by water. This arrangement is energetically favourable since the hydrophilic head groups are in contact with water and the hydrocarbon moieties are removed from the aqueous medium and partly shielded from contact with water by the polar head groups. The hydrocarbon tails of the surfactant molecules, located in the interior of the micelle, interact with one another by weak van der Waals forces.
  • The size of a micelle or its aggregation number is governed largely by geometric factors. The radius of the hydrocarbon core cannot exceed the length of the extended hydrocarbon chain of the surfactant molecule. Therefore, increasing the chain length or ascending homologous series increases the aggregation number of spherical micelles. If the surfactant concentration is increased beyond a few percent and if electrolytes are added (in the case of ionic surfactants) or the temperature is raised (in the case of non-ionic surfactants), the micelles increase in size. Under these conditions, the micelles are too large to remain spherical and become ellipsoidal, cylindrical or finally lamellar in shape.
  • Common surfactants well known to one of skill in the art can be used in the micelles of the present invention. Suitable surfactants include sodium laureate, sodium oleate, sodium lauryl sulfate, octaoxyethylene glycol monododecyl ether, octoxynol 9 and PLURONIC F-127 (Wyandotte Chemicals Corp.). Preferred surfactants are nonionic polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene detergents compatible with IV injection such as, TWEEN-80., PLURONIC F-68., n-octyl-.beta.-D-glucopyranoside, and the like. In addition, phospholipids, such as those described for use in the production of liposomes, may also be used for micelle formation.
  • In another preferred embodiment, the compounds of the present invention are formulated as described in the literature for an administration route selected from: buccal delivery, sublingual delivery, transdermal delivery, inhalation and needle-free injection, such as using the methods developed by Powderjet.
  • For inhalation, the compounds of the present invention can be formulated as using methods known to those skilled in the art, for example an aerosol, dry powder or solubilized such as in micro droplets, preferably in a device intended for such delivery (such as commercially available from Aradigm, Alkerme or Nektar).
  • Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may contain a physiologically tolerable carrier together with at least one compound according to the present invention, dissolved or dispersed therein as an active ingredient.
  • As used herein, the terms “pharmaceutically acceptable”, “physiologically tolerable” and grammatical variations thereof, as they refer to compositions, carriers, diluents and reagents, are used interchangeably and represent that the materials are capable of administration to or upon a human without the production of undesirable physiological effects such as nausea, dizziness, gastric upset and the like.
  • The preparation of a pharmacological composition that contains active ingredients dissolved or dispersed therein is well understood in the art. Typically such compositions are prepared as sterile injectables either as liquid solutions or suspensions, aqueous or non-aqueous, however, solid forms suitable for solution, or suspensions, in liquid prior to use can also be prepared. The preparation can also be emulsified.
  • The active ingredient can be mixed with excipients which are pharmaceutically acceptable and compatible with the active ingredient and in amounts suitable for use in the therapeutic methods described herein. Suitable excipients are, for example, water, saline, dextrose, glycerol, ethanol or the like and combinations thereof. In addition, if desired, the composition can contain minor amounts of auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents and the like which enhance the effectiveness of the active ingredient. It is preferred that the formulation has a pH within the range of 3.5-8, such as in the range 4.5-7.5, such as in the range 5.5-7, such as in the range 6-7.5, most preferably around 7.3. However, as is understood by one skilled in the art, the pH range may be adjusted according to the individual treated and the administration procedure. For example, in another preferred embodiment of the invention the formulation has a pH within the range 3.5-7, such as 4-6, such as 5-6, such as 5.3-5.7, such as 5.5.
  • The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can include pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds therein. These salts will be ones which are acceptable in their application to a pharmaceutical use. By that it is meant that the salt will retain the biological activity of the parent compound and the salt will not have untoward or deleterious effects in its application and use in treating diseases.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are prepared in a standard manner. If the parent compound is a base it is treated with an excess of an organic or inorganic acid in a suitable solvent. If the parent compound is an acid, it is treated with an inorganic or organic base in a suitable solvent.
  • The compounds of the invention may be administered in the form of an alkali metal or earth alkali metal salt thereof, concurrently, simultaneously, or together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, especially and preferably in the form of a pharmaceutical composition thereof, whether by e.g. oral, rectal, or parenteral (including subcutaneous) route, in an effective amount.
  • Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts for use in the present inventive pharmaceutical composition include those derived from mineral acids, such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, phosphoric, metaphosphoric, nitric and sulfuric acids, and organic acids, such as tartaric, acetic, citric, malic, lactic, fumaric, benzoic, glycolic, gluconic, succinic, p-toluenesulphonic acids, and arylsulphonic, for example.
  • Other suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the acid addition salts (formed with the free amino groups of the polypeptide). Other examples of salts include pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts, pharmaceutically acceptable metal salts, ammonium salts and alkylated ammonium salts. Acid addition salts include salts of inorganic acids as well as organic acids. Representative examples of suitable inorganic acids include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydriodic, phosphoric, sulpfuric and nitric acids and the like. Representative examples of suitable organic acids include formic, acetic, trichloroacetic, trifluoroacetic, propionic, benzoic, cinnamic, citric, fumaric, glycolic, lactic, maleic, malic, malonic, mandelic, oxalic, picric, pyruvic, salicylic, succinic, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, tartaric, ascorbic, pamoic, bismethylene salicylic, ethanedisulfonic, gluconic, citraconic, aspartic, stearic, palmitic, ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA), p-aminobenzoic, glutamic, benzenesulfonic and ptoluenesulfonic acids and the like. Further examples of pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid addition salts include the pharmaceutical acceptable salts listed in J. Pharm. Sci. 1977,66,2, which is incorporated herein by reference. Examples of metal salts include lithium, sodium, potassium and magnesium salts and the like.
  • Examples of ammonium and alkylated ammonium salts include ammonium, methylammonium, dimethylammonium, trimethylammonium, ethylammonium, hydroxyethylammonium, diethylammonium, butylammonium and tetramethylammonium salts and the like.
  • Salts formed with the free carboxyl groups can also be derived from inorganic bases such as, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium or ferric hydroxides, and such organic bases as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, 2-ethylamino ethanol, histidine, procaine and the like.
  • Also included within the scope of compounds or pharmaceutical acceptable acid addition salts thereof in the context of the present invention are any hydrates (hydrated forms) thereof.
  • For parenteral administration, solutions of the present compounds in sterile aqueous solution, aqueous propylene glycol or sesame or peanut oil may be employed. Such aqueous solutions should be suitably buffered if necessary, and the liquid diluent first rendered isotonic with sufficient saline or glucose. The aqueous solutions are particularly suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration. The sterile aqueous media employed are all readily available by standard techniques known to those skilled in the art.
  • Liquid compositions can also contain liquid phases in addition to and to the exclusion of water. Exemplary of such additional liquid phases are glycerin, vegetable oils such as cottonseed oil, organic esters such as ethyl oleate, and water-oil emulsions.
  • Suitable pharmaceutical carriers include inert solid diluents or fillers, sterile aqueous solution and various organic solvents. Examples of solid carriers are lactose, terra alba, sucrose, cyclodextrin, talc, gelatine, agar, pectin, acacia, magnesium stearate, stearic acid or lower alkyl ethers of cellulose. Examples of liquid carriers are syrup, peanut oil, olive oil, phospholipids, fatty acids, fatty acid amines, polyoxyethylene or water. Administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation formulations may be prepared, for example, as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, employing fluorocarbons, and/or employing other solubilizing or dispersing agents.
  • The pharmaceutical compositions formed by combining the compounds of the invention and the pharmaceutical acceptable carriers are then readily administered in a variety, of dosage forms suitable for the disclosed routes of administration. The formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form by methods known in the art of pharmacy.
  • In a preferred embodiment of the invention the formulation comprises the compound or salt(s) thereof as a lyophilisate and the formulation further comprises a solvent, said lyophilisate and said solvent being in separate compartments until administration.
  • Administration
  • The components of the kit-of-parts according to the present invention do not have to be administered concurrently, however in one preferred embodiment the anti-cancer medicament is administered simultaneously with the administration of the Agaricus bioactive agent, such as in a co-formulation. In another preferred embodiment, the anti-cancer medicament and the bioactive agent are administered sequentially, in any order, such as first the Agaricus bioactive agent and then the anti-cancer medicament.
  • In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medicament and/or agent are administered subcutaneously.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medicament and/or agent are administered nasally.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medicament and/or agent are administered via the pulmonary route, such as via aerosol administration.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medicament and/or agent are administered via parenteral administration.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said medicament and/or agent are administered orally.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said medicament and/or agent are administered topically.
  • In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, said medicament and/or agent are co-formulated in a composition.
  • The kit-of-parts according to the present invention may comprise two or more administration types, but co-formulation or at least the same administration route is preferred for all the elements in the kit-of-parts.
  • In another aspect the Agaricus agent and/or anti-cancer medicament is administered as a bolus, wherein the administration form may be any suitable parenteral form.
  • In a preferred embodiment the Agaricus agent and/or anti-cancer medicament is administered subcutaneously in a bolus.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous and non-aqueous injectable solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions, as well as sterile powders to be reconstituted in sterile injectable solutions or dispersions prior to use.
  • Other suitable administration forms include suppositories, sprays, ointments, cremes, gels, inhalants, dermal patches, implants, pills, tablets, lozenges and capsules.
  • The compounds of the present invention may be formulated for nasal administration.
  • The solutions or suspensions are applied directly to the nasal cavity by conventional means, for example with a dropper, pipette or spray. The compositions may be provided in a single or multidose form. In the latter case of a dropper or pipette this may be achieved by the patient administering an appropriate, predetermined volume of the solution or suspension. In the case of a spray this may be achieved for example by means of a metering atomizing spray pump.
  • The compounds of the present invention may be formulated for aerosol administration, particularly to the respiratory tract and including intranasal administration. The compound will generally have a small particle size for example of the order of 5 microns or less. Such a particle size may be obtained by means known in the art, for example by micronization. The active ingredient is provided in a pressurized pack with a suitable propellant such as a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) for example dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, or dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas. The aerosol may conveniently also contain a surfactant such as lecithin. The dose of drug may be controlled by a metered valve. Alternatively the active ingredients may be provided in a form of a dry powder, for example a powder mix of the compound in a suitable powder base such as lactose, starch, starch derivatives such as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP). The powder carrier will form a gel in the nasal cavity. The powder composition may be presented in unit dose form for example in capsules or cartridges of e.g., gelatin or blister packs from which the powder may be administered by means of an inhaler.
  • Compositions administered by aerosols may be prepared, for example, as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, employing fluorocarbons, and/or employing other solubilizing or dispersing agents.
    • Compositions for Oral Administration
  • Those compound types capable of remaining biologically active in an individual after oral administration (such as e.g. small molecules and short peptides) can be formulated in a wide range of oral administration dosage forms. The pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms may comprise the compounds of the invention or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a crystal form thereof as the active component. The pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be either solid or liquid. Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, pills, capsules, cachets, suppositories, and dispersible granules. A solid carrier can be one or more substances which may also act as diluents, flavouring agents, solubilizers, lubricants, suspending agents, binders, preservatives, wetting agents, tablet disintegrating agents, or an encapsulating material.
  • Preferably, the composition will be about 0.5% to 75% by weight of a compound or compounds of the invention, with the remainder consisting of suitable pharmaceutical excipients. For oral administration, such excipients include pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharine, talcum, cellulose, glucose, gelatin, sucrose, magnesium carbonate, and the like.
  • In powders, the carrier is a finely divided solid which is a mixture with the finely divided active component. In tablets, the active component is mixed with the carrier having the necessary binding capacity in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired. The powders and tablets preferably containing from one to about seventy percent of the active compound. Suitable carriers are magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, a low melting wax, cocoa butter, and the like. The term “preparation” is intended to include the composition of the active compound with encapsulating material as carrier providing a capsule in which the active component, with or without carriers, is surrounded by a carrier, which is in association with it. Similarly, cachets and lozenges are included. Tablets, powders, capsules, pills, cachets, and lozenges can be as solid forms suitable for oral administration.
  • Drops according to the present invention may comprise sterile or non-sterile aqueous or oil solutions or suspensions, and may be prepared by dissolving the active ingredient in a suitable aqueous solution, optionally including a bactericidal and/or fungicidal agent and/or any other suitable preservative, and optionally including a surface active agent. The resulting solution may then be clarified by filtration, transferred to a suitable container which is then sealed and sterilized by autoclaving or maintaining at 98-100° C. for half an hour. Alternatively, the solution may be sterilized by filtration and transferred to the container aseptically. Examples of bactericidal and fungicidal agents suitable for inclusion in the drops are phenylmercuric nitrate or acetate (0.002%), benzalkonium chloride (0.01%) and chlorhexidine acetate (0.01%). Suitable solvents for the preparation of an oily solution include glycerol, diluted alcohol and propylene glycol.
  • Also included are solid form preparations which are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for oral administration. Such liquid forms include solutions, suspensions, and emulsions. These preparations may contain, in addition to the active component, colorants, flavours, stabilizers, buffers, artificial and natural sweeteners, dispersants, thickeners, solubilizing agents, and the like.
  • Other forms suitable for oral administration include liquid form preparations including emulsions, syrups, elixirs, aqueous solutions, aqueous suspensions, toothpaste, gel dentifrice, chewing gum, or solid form preparations which are intended to be converted shortly before use to liquid form preparations. Emulsions may be prepared in solutions in aqueous propylene glycol solutions or may contain emulsifying agents such as lecithin, sorbitan monooleate, or acacia. Aqueous solutions can be prepared by dissolving the active component in water and adding suitable colorants, flavours, stabilizing and thickening agents. Aqueous suspensions can be prepared by dispersing the finely divided active component in water with viscous material, such as natural or synthetic gums, resins, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and other well known suspending agents. Solid form preparations include solutions, suspensions, and emulsions, and may contain, in addition to the active component, colorants, flavours, stabilizers, buffers, artificial and natural sweeteners, dispersants, thickeners, solubilizing agents, and the like.
    • Compositions for Parenteral Administration
  • The compounds of the present invention may be formulated for parenteral administration (e.g., by injection, for example bolus injection or continuous infusion) and may be presented in unit dose form in ampoules, pre-filled syringes, small volume infusion or in multi-dose containers with an added preservative. The compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions, or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, for example solutions in aqueous polyethylene glycol. Examples of oily or nonaqueous carriers, diluents, solvents or vehicles include propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils (e.g., olive oil), and injectable organic esters (e.g., ethyl oleate), and may contain formulatory agents such as preserving, wetting, emulsifying or suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents. Alternatively, the active ingredient may be in powder form, obtained by aseptic isolation of sterile solid or by lyophilisation from solution for constitution before use with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile, pyrogen-free water. Aqueous solutions should be suitably buffered if necessary, and the liquid diluent first rendered isotonic with sufficient saline or glucose. The aqueous solutions are particularly suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration. The sterile aqueous media employed are all readily available by standard techniques known to those skilled in the art.
  • Solutions of the compound(s) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt(s) thereof, (and for example antigenic epitopes and protease inhibitors) can be prepared in water or saline, and optionally mixed with a nontoxic surfactant. Compositions for intravenous or intra-arterial administration may include sterile aqueous solutions that may also contain buffers, liposomes, diluents and other suitable additives.
  • Oils useful in parenteral compositions include petroleum, animal, vegetable, or synthetic oils. Specific examples of oils useful in such compositions include peanut, soybean, sesame, cottonseed, corn, olive, petrolatum, and mineral. Suitable fatty acids for use in parenteral compositions include oleic acid, stearic acid, and isostearic acid. Ethyl oleate and isopropyl myristate are examples of suitable fatty acid esters.
  • Suitable soaps for use in parenteral compositions include fatty alkali metal, ammonium, and triethanolamine salts, and suitable detergents include (a) cationic detergents such as, for example, dimethyl dialkyl ammonium halides, and alkyl pyridinium halides; (b) anionic detergents such as, for example, alkyl, aryl, and olefin sulfonates, alkyl, olefin, ether, and monoglyceride sulfates, and sulfosuccinates, (c) nonionic detergents such as, for example, fatty amine oxides, fatty acid alkanolamides, and polyoxyethylenepolypropylene copolymers, (d) amphoteric detergents such as, for example, alkyl-.beta.-aminopropionates, and 2-alkyl-imidazoline quaternary ammonium salts, and (e) mixtures thereof.
  • The parenteral compositions typically will contain from about 0.5 to about 25% by weight of the active ingredient in solution. Preservatives and buffers may be used. In order to minimize or eliminate irritation at the site of injection, such compositions may contain one or more nonionic surfactants having a hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) of from about 12 to about 17. The quantity of surfactant in such compositions will typically range from about 5 to about 15% by weight. Suitable surfactants include polyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, such as sorbitan monooleate and the high molecular weight adducts of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base, formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol. The parenteral compositions can be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose sealed containers, such as ampules and vials, and can be stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid excipient, for example, water, for injections, immediately prior to use. Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions can be prepared from sterile powders, granules, and tablets of the kind previously described.
  • The pharmaceutical dosage forms suitable for injection or infusion can include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions comprising the active ingredient that are adapted for administration by encapsulation in liposomes. In all cases, the ultimate dosage form must be sterile, fluid and stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage.
  • Sterile injectable solutions are prepared by incorporating the compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the required amount in the appropriate solvent with various of the other ingredients enumerated above, as required, followed by filter sterilization.
    • Compositions for Topical Administration
  • The compounds of the invention can also be delivered topically. Regions for topical administration include the skin surface and also mucous membrane tissues of the rectum, nose, mouth, and throat. Compositions for topical administration via the skin and mucous membranes should not give rise to signs of irritation, such as swelling or redness.
  • The topical composition may include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier adapted for topical administration. Thus, the composition may take the form of a suspension, solution, ointment, lotion, cream, foam, aerosol, spray, suppository, implant, inhalant, tablet, capsule, dry powder, syrup, balm or lozenge, for example. Methods for preparing such compositions are well known in the pharmaceutical industry.
  • The compounds of the present invention may be formulated for topical administration to the epidermis as ointments, creams or lotions, or as a transdermal patch. Ointments and creams may, for example, be formulated with an aqueous or oily base with the addition of suitable thickening and/or gelling agents. Lotions may be formulated with an aqueous or oily base and will in general also containing one or more emulsifying agents, stabilizing agents, dispersing agents, suspending agents, thickening agents, or coloring agents. Compositions suitable for topical administration in the mouth include lozenges comprising active agents in a flavoured base, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth; pastilles comprising the active ingredient in an inert base such as gelatin and glycerin or sucrose and acacia; and mouthwashes comprising the active ingredient in a suitable liquid carrier.
  • Creams, ointments or pastes according to the present invention are semi-solid compositions of the active ingredient for external application. They may be made by mixing the active ingredient in finely-divided or powdered form, alone or in solution or suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous fluid, with the aid of suitable machinery, with a greasy or non-greasy base. The base may comprise hydrocarbons such as hard, soft or liquid paraffin, glycerol, beeswax, a metallic soap; a mucilage; an oil of natural origin such as almond, corn, arachis, castor or olive oil; wool fat or its derivatives or a fatty acid such as steric or oleic acid together with an alcohol such as propylene glycol or a macrogel. The composition may incorporate any suitable surface active agent such as an anionic, cationic or non-ionic surfactant such as a sorbitan ester or a polyoxyethylene derivative thereof. Suspending agents such as natural gums, cellulose derivatives or inorganic materials such as silicaceous silicas, and other ingredients such as lanolin, may also be included.
  • Lotions according to the present invention include those suitable for application to the skin or eye. An eye lotion may comprise a sterile aqueous solution optionally containing a bactericide and may be prepared by methods similar to those for the preparation of drops. Lotions or liniments for application to the skin may also include an agent to hasten drying and to cool the skin, such as an alcohol or acetone, and/or a moisturizer such as glycerol or an oil such as castor oil or arachis oil.
  • The compounds described herein can be administered transdermally. Transdermal administration typically involves the delivery of a pharmaceutical agent for percutaneous passage of the drug into the systemic circulation of the patient. The skin sites include anatomic regions for transdermally administering the drug and include the forearm, abdomen, chest, back, buttock, mastoidal area, and the like.
  • Transdermal delivery is accomplished by exposing a source of the complex to a patient's skin for an extended period of time. Transdermal patches have the added advantage of providing controlled delivery of a pharmaceutical agent-chemical modifier complex to the body. See Transdermal Drug Delivery: Developmental Issues and Research Initiatives, Hadgraft and Guy (eds.), Marcel Dekker, Inc., (1989); Controlled Drug Delivery: Fundamentals and Applications, Robinson and Lee (eds.), Marcel Dekker Inc., (1987); and Transdermal Delivery of Drugs, Vols. 1-3, Kydonieus and Berner (eds.), CRC Press, (1987). Such dosage forms can be made by dissolving, dispersing, or otherwise incorporating the pharmaceutical agent-chemical modifier complex in a proper medium, such as an elastomeric matrix material. Absorption enhancers can also be used to increase the flux of the compound across the skin. The rate of such flux can be controlled by either providing a rate-controlling membrane or dispersing the compound in a polymer matrix or gel.
  • A variety of types of transdermal patches will find use in the methods described herein. For example, a simple adhesive patch can be prepared from a backing material and an acrylate adhesive. The compound(s) are formulated into the adhesive casting solution and allowed to mix thoroughly. The solution is cast directly onto the backing material and the casting solvent is evaporated in an oven, leaving an adhesive film. The release liner can be attached to complete the system.
  • Alternatively, a polyurethane matrix patch can be employed to deliver the compound(s). The layers of this patch comprise a backing, a polyurethane drug/enhancer matrix, a membrane, an adhesive, and a release liner. The polyurethane matrix is prepared using a room temperature curing polyurethane prepolymer. Addition of water, alcohol, and complex to the prepolymer results in the formation of a tacky firm elastomer that can be directly cast only the backing material.
  • A further embodiment of this invention will utilize a hydrogel matrix patch. Typically, the hydrogel matrix will comprise alcohol, water, drug, and several hydrophilic polymers. This hydrogel matrix can be incorporated into a transdermal patch between the backing and the adhesive layer.
  • The liquid reservoir patch will also find use in the methods described herein. This patch comprises an impermeable or semipermeable, heat sealable backing material, a heat sealable membrane, an acrylate based pressure sensitive skin adhesive, and a siliconized release liner. The backing is heat sealed to the membrane to form a reservoir which can then be filled with a solution of the complex, enhancers, gelling agent, and other excipients.
  • Foam matrix patches are similar in design and components to the liquid reservoir system, except that the gelled compound solution is constrained in a thin foam layer, typically a polyurethane. This foam layer is situated between the backing and the membrane which have been heat sealed at the periphery of the patch.
  • For passive delivery systems, the rate of release is typically controlled by a membrane placed between the reservoir and the skin, by diffusion from a monolithic device, or by the skin itself serving as a rate-controlling barrier in the delivery system. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,816,258; 4,927,408; 4,904,475; 4,588,580, 4,788,062; and the like. The rate of drug delivery will be dependent, in part, upon the nature of the membrane. For example, the rate of drug delivery across membranes within the body is generally higher than across dermal barriers. The rate at which the compound(s) is delivered from the device to the membrane is most advantageously controlled by the use of rate-limiting membranes which are placed between the reservoir and the skin. Assuming that the skin is sufficiently permeable to the compound (i.e., absorption through the skin is greater than the rate of passage through the membrane), the membrane will serve to control the dosage rate experienced by the patient.
  • Suitable permeable membrane materials may be selected based on the desired degree of permeability, the nature of the complex, and the mechanical considerations related to constructing the device. Exemplary permeable membrane materials include a wide variety of natural and synthetic polymers, such as polydimethylsiloxanes (silicone rubbers), ethylenevinylacetate copolymer (EVA), polyurethanes, polyurethane-polyether copolymers, polyethylenes, polyamides, polyvinylchlorides (PVC), polypropylenes, polycarbonates, polytetrafluoroethylenes (PTFE), cellulosic materials, e.g., cellulose triacetate and cellulose nitrate/acetate, and hydrogels, e.g., 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA).
  • Other items may be contained in the device, such as other conventional components of therapeutic products, depending upon the desired device characteristics. For example, the compositions according to this invention may also include one or more preservatives or bacteriostatic agents, e.g., methyl hydroxybenzoate, propyl hydroxybenzoate, chlorocresol, benzalkonium chlorides, and the like. These pharmaceutical compositions also can contain other active ingredients such as antimicrobial agents, particularly antibiotics, anesthetics, analgesics, and antipruritic agents.
    • Compositions for Administration as Suppositories
  • The compounds of the present invention may be formulated for administration as suppositories. A low melting wax, such as a mixture of fatty acid glycerides or cocoa butter is first melted and the active component is dispersed homogeneously, for example, by stirring. The molten homogeneous mixture is then poured into convenient sized molds, allowed to cool, and to solidify.
  • The active compound may be formulated into a suppository comprising, for example, about 0.5% to about 50% of a compound of the invention, disposed in a polyethylene glycol (PEG) carrier (e.g., PEG 1000 [96%] and PEG 4000 [4%].
    • Dosage
  • Suitable dosing regimens for the various compounds and methods of the present invention are preferably determined taking into account factors well known in the art including type of subject being dosed; age, weight, sex and medical condition of the subject; the route of administration; the renal and hepatic function of the subject; the desired effect; and the particular compound employed.
  • Optimal precision in achieving concentrations of drug within the range that yields efficacy without toxicity requires a regimen based on the kinetics of the drug's availability to target sites. This involves a consideration of the distribution, equilibrium, and elimination of a drug.
  • The compositions of the invention may be administered using any suitable administration form; usually however, administration will be oral or parenteral. Oral administration in the form of a syrup comprising the composition and/or a capsule containing a syrup comprising the composition or in a powder form of the composition is preferred.
  • The dosage requirements will vary with the particular composition employed, the route of administration and the particular individual being treated. Ideally, an individual to be treated by the present method will receive a pharmaceutically effective amount of the compound in the maximum tolerated dose.
  • In general the daily (preferably oral) dosage regimen may be about 0.001 to about 100 mg/kg, preferably in the range of 0.01 to 50 mg/kg, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10, even more preferably in the range of 1 to 2 mg/kg of total body weight. It will also be recognised by one skilled in the art that the optimal quantity and spacing of individual dosages of the composition will be determined by the nature and extent of the condition being treated, the form, route and site of administration, and the particular patient being treated, and that such optimums can be determined by conventional techniques. It will also be appreciated by one skilled in the art that the optimal course of treatment, i.e., the number of doses of the composition given per day for a defined number of days, can be ascertained by those skilled in the art using conventional course of treatment determination tests.
  • It is preferred that the kit according to the present invention comprises dosage regime instructions with guidelines for dose and time administration.
    • Medical Methods and Use
  • One aspect of the present invention relates to use of any of the anti-cancer medicaments described herein and any of the Agaricus bioactive agents described herein for the manufacture of a kit of parts suitable for administration to an individual in need thereof, preferably for treatment or prophylaxis of a neoplastic disease, such as any of the diseases described herein.
  • In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Agaricus bioactive agent stimulates the immune system of an animal or a human when administered to said animal or human in a pharmaceutically active amount. Preferably, said agent is capable of stimulating in an individual in need of such stimulation, the production of one or more of antibodies, such as IgG, IgA, and IgE, T helper cells, interleukins, such as IL-1 and IL-2, interferon, such as IFN-gamma, natural killer cells, and macrophages.
  • It is further envisaged that any of the uses and products described herein may be used in a method for the treatment of a neoplastic disease in an individual, said method comprising the steps of
      • a. providing any of the kit of parts as described herein, and
      • b. administering any of the anti-cancer medicaments and Agaricus bioactive agents described herein to said individual.
    Examples
  • The following examples describe illustrative embodiments of the invention and should not be regarded as limiting for the invention.
    • Example 1
  • Protocol for cultivation of Basidiomycete cells according to the present invention.
  • The protocol is used in the further examples unless otherwise stated.
    • Cultivation Conditions: Temperature: 25° C.±1° C. pH: Medium pH
  • Water: Tap water
    Medium: Glucose 30 g/l;
  • Mycological peptone 10 g/l;
  • Yeast extract 6 g/l
  • Malt extract 6 g/l
    • Plate Cultivation of Basidiomycete Cells
  • 15 cm Petri dishes containing about 60 ml of the medium+agar at a concentration corresponding to 15 g/l. Inoculate the plates by scraping off the top layer of mycelium on a Petri dish using a sterile scalpel and spread it onto the new plate. One Petri dish will yield enough mycelium to inoculate three new plates. Cultivate the plates at 25° C. for at least three weeks prior to use. They can be kept at this temperature for a total of 7 more weeks before they should be discarded.
    • Shake Flask Cultivation of Basidiomycete Cells
  • 500 ml Ehrlenmeyer flasks containing 200 ml of medium. Scrape off the top layer of mycelium on two plates using a sterile scalpel and place in a 300 ml Ehrlenmeyer flask containing 100 ml of medium. Homogenise the resulting mixture. Inoculate the 500 ml flasks with 50 ml of the homogenised material per flask. Put on orbital shaker at 25° C. and 140 rpm and leave for 7-10 days. If required, longer fermentation periods can also be used, such as e.g. 15-30 days.
    • Fermenter (3 Litres) Cultivation of Basidiomycete Cells
  • Place 1.7 litres of the medium in the fermenter and sterilise at 121° C. for 20 mins. Set the fermentation conditions: 25° C., 200-300 rpm and air at 0.2-0.5 vvm. Decant as much liquid as possible from two shake flasks and inoculate the fermenter with the remaining broth (this will normally amount to 300-500 ml). Add a suitable antifoam agent when required (normally throughout the run). Harvests after 6-8 days. If required, longer fermentation periods can also be used, such as e.g. 15-30 days.
    • Harvesting of Basidiomycete Cells
  • Biomass:
  • Remove the biomass from the broth using a nylon cloth with pore size 45 as a filter medium. Wash the biomass thoroughly with water and dry in a microwave oven set at defrost until dry (normal sample size will require about 15 mins). Store in a desiccator until cool and weigh.
  • Fermentation Liquor:
  • The concentration of bioactive agent in the fermentation liquor is determined by precipitation with abs ethanol. Sterile, distilled water is added if necessary to adjust the concentration to the desired level. The resulting liquid is autoclave and stored.
  • Medical Grade:
  • Pass the biomass-free fermentation liquor through a UF filter having a suitable cut-off value, such as e.g. a cut-off value of 300 kD. When 70-80% of the liquid has been removed add water to the retentate to wash the solution. Repeat until the solution has lost much (at least most of) its colour and appears clean.
    • Example 2
  • Protocol for cultivation of Trametes sp.—and polysaccharides obtained from such a cultivation.
  • Trametes versicolour
  • A Trametes sp. fermentation, in the cultivation medium used in Example 1, takes about 7 days. The initial pH is 4.7, final pH is 3. The final biomass concentration is about 7 g/l and precipitated compound is about 0.3 g/l, the monosaccharide composition of which is about 1:0.15:1:4 (glucose:galactose:mannose). The fermentation liquid contains, after removal of biomass, no detectable free glucose,
    • Example 3
  • Protocol for cultivation of Schizophyllum sp.—and polysaccharides obtained from such a cultivation.
  • Schizophyllum commune
  • This fermentation, using the same medium as in example 1, takes about 3 days. pH falls from 4.7 to 3.3 and the biomass concentration at the end of the fermentation is about 8 g/l. The fermentation broth, after removal of biomass, contains no detectable free glucose. The precipitated product concentration is about 0.6 g/l. The monosaccharide composition is about 1:0.1:0.65.
    • Example 4. Bacteriostatic Effect
  • In this example it is demonstrated that the bioactive agent obtained by the method as described in example 1 (precipited from the Fermentation liquor) has a bacteriostatic effect on E. coli K12.
  • Method:
  • The bacteriostatic effect of the bioactive agent was determined by measuring the cell-density of E. coli K12 cultures grown in Antibiotic assay medium 3 with different dilutions of the bioactive agent. A culture without the bioactive agent in the medium was used as control.
  • Cells were grown in a 50 ml conical flask at 34° C. for 26 h. The dilutions of the bioactive agent in the growth medium were 1:10, 1:20 and 1:40. The optical density was measured robotically every 2 h at 660 nm.
  • Results:
  • Results are shown in FIG. 1. The optical density significantly decreased in the cultures with a 1:10 and 1:20 dilution of the bioactive agent in the stationary phase (between 15 and 26 h). The incubation with a 1:40 dilution of the bioactive agent does not lead to a significant decrease in optical density in comparison with the control.
  • Conclusion:
  • The bioactive agent is shown to have a bacteriostatic effect on E. coli K12.
    • Example 5. Anti-Tumor Effect
  • In this example it is demonstrated that human and mouse cancer cell lines are sensitive to treatment with bioactive agent obtained by the method as described in example 1 (precipited from the Fermentation liquor).
  • Method:
  • The anti-tumor effect of the bioactive agent was determined by measuring the cell-viability of different human and mouse cell lines after exposure to different concentrations of Lentinex. The MRC-5 cell line from normal human fetal lung fibroblasts was used as control.
  • Cells were grown in a 96 well dish to a sub confluent cell layer. The medium was removed and the cells washed with PBS. Fresh medium without the bioactive agent (negative control) or containing 0,1; 0,2; 0,3 or 0.4 mg/ml bioactive agent was added and cells were incubated for 24 h at 37° C.
  • A MTT-Assay, which measures the activity of the mitochondrial succinate-dehydrogenase, was used to determine the cytotoxic effect of the bioactive agent. In living cells this enzyme converts the yellow water-soluble 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium-bromide (MTT) to blue water-insoluble formazan, whereas there is no conversion in dead cells. Thus the amount of formazan directly correlates to the number of living cells.
  • 10 μl MTT solution was added to each well and the plates were incubated for additional 2 h. 70 μl of supernatant were removed from each well and 100 μl acidic isopropanol was added to extract the formazan. After 1 h the absorption was measured at 590 nm.
  • Results:
  • Results are shown in FIG. 2. The number of viable cells was significantly decreased in all cancer cell lines after incubation with the bioactive agent for 24 h. This effect increased with the concentration of the bioactive agent in the medium. In all cancer cell lines, fewer than 50% of the cells were viable after incubation with 0.4 mg/ml bioactive agent for 24 h. The most severe effect of the bioactive agent was observed in the mouse colon cancer cell line C-26, where there were almost no viable cells after the incubation with 0.4 mg/ml bioactive agent for 24 h.
  • Conclusion:
  • The bioactive agent is shown to have a cytotoxic effect specifically directed against cancer cells, and not normal cells.
    • Example 7
  • For a determination of immunostimulating characteristics, the following method may be used: 12 weeks old Sprague Dawley rats receives 1 mg of the composition according to the invention in 0.5 ml 0.09 saline (i.p.) 2 days before the immunisation. Control animals receives 1 mg casein. The animals are immunised with BSA (0.5 mg) in 0.25 “Freunds Complete Adjuvant” and blood samples are obtained after 11 days for measurement of the antibody response. The specific anti-BSA antibody concentration is determined against an absolute standard of antibody BSA by means of “sandwich” ELISA.

Claims (195)

1. A pharmaceutical kit of parts comprising
a) an anti-cancer medicament,
b) a Basidiomycete bioactive agent in solid or liquid form, and, optionally
c) instructions for a dosing regime.
2. The kit according to claim 1, wherein the anti-cancer medicament is selected from the group consisting of:
Aldesleukin/Proleukin (Chiron Corp)
Alemtuzumab/Campath (Millennium and ILEX Partners, LP)
alitretinoin/Panretin (Ligand Pharmaceuticals)
allopurinol/Zyloprim (GlaxoSmithKline)
altretamine/Hexalen (US Bioscience)
amifostine/Ethyol (US Bioscience)
anastrozole/Arimidex (AstraZeneca)
arsenic trioxide/Trisenox (Cell Therapeutic)
Asparaginase/Elspar (Merck & Co, Inc)
BCG Live/TICE BCG (Organon Teknika Corp)
bexarotene capsules/Targretin (Ligand Pharmaceuticals)
bleomycin/Blenoxane (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
busulfan/Busulfex (GlaxoSmithKline)
calusterone/Methosarb (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company)
capecitabine/Xeloda (Roche)
carboplatin/Paraplatin (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
carmustine/BCNU, BiCNU (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
carmustine with Polifeprosan 20 Implant/Gliadel Wafer (Guilford Pharmaceuticals Inc.)
celecoxib/Celebrex (Searle)
chlorambucil/Leukeran (GlaxoSmithKline)
cisplatin/Platinol (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
cladribine/Leustatin, 2-CdA (R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute)
cyclophosphamide Cytoxan/Neosar (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
cytarabine/Cytosar-U (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company)
dacarbazine/DTIC-Dome (Bayer)
dactinomycin/actinomycin D Cosmegen (Merck)
Darbepoetin alfa/Aranesp (Amgen, Inc)
daunorubicin/daunomycin/Daunorubicin (Bedford Labs)
daunorubicin/daunomycin/Cerubidine (Wyeth Ayerst)
Denileukin/diftitox/Ontak (Seragen, Inc)
dexrazoxane/Zinecard (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company)
docetaxel/Taxotere (Aventis Pharmaceutical)
doxorubicin Adriamycin/Rubex (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company)
Dromostanolone propionate/Masterone Injection (Syntex)
Elliott's B Solution (Orphan Medical, Inc)
epirubicin/Ellence (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company)
etoposide phosphate (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
etoposide/VP-16/Vepesid (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
exemestane/Aromasin (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company)
Filgrastim/Neupogen (Amgen, Inc)
floxuridine/FUDR (Roche)
fludarabine/Fludara (Berlex Laboratories Inc.)
fluorouracil/5-FU/Adrucil (ICN Puerto Rico)
fulvestrant/Faslodex (IPR)
gemcitabine/Gemzar (Eli Lilly)
gemtuzumab/ozogamicin/Mylotarg (Wyeth Ayerst)
goserelin acetate/Zoladex Implant (AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals)
hydroxyurea/Hydrea (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
Ibritumomab Tiuxetan/Zevalin (IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corp)
idarubicin/Idamycin (Adria Laboratories)
ifosfamide/IFEX (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
imatinib mesylate/Gleevec (Novartis)
Interferon alfa-2a/Roferon-A (Hoffmann-La Roche Inc)
Interferon alfa-2b/Intron A (Schering Corp)
irinotecan/Camptosar (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company)
letrozole/Femara (Novartis)
leucovorin Wellcovorin/Leucovorin (Immunex Corporation)
levamisole/Ergamisol (Janssen Research Foundation)
lomustine/CCNU/CeeBU (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
meclorethamine/nitrogen mustard/Mustargen (Merck)
megestrol acetate/Megace (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
melphalan/L-PAM/Alkeran (GlaxoSmithKline)
mercaptopurine/6-MP Purinethol (GlaxoSmithKline)
mesna/Mesnex (Asta Medica)
methotrexate (Lederle Laboratories)
methoxsalen/Uvadex (Therakos)
mitomycin C/Mutamycin (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
mitomycin C/Mitozytrex (Supergen)
mitotane/Lysodren (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
mitoxantrone/Novantrone (Lederle Laboratories)
nandrolone phenpropionate/Durabolin-50 (Organon)
Nofetumomab/Verluma (Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG (formerly Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH))
Oprelvekin/Neumega (Genetics Institute)
oxaliplatin/Eloxatin (Sanofi Synthelabo)
paclitaxel/Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
pamidronate/Aredia (Novartis)
pegademase/Adagen (Pegademase Bovine) (Enzon)
Pegaspargase/Oncaspar (Enzon, Inc)
Pegfilgrastim/Neulasta (Amgen, Inc)
pentostatin/Nipent (Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Co.)
pipobroman/Vercyte (Abbott Labs)
plicamycin/mithramycin/Mithracin (Pfizer Labs)
porfimer sodium/Photofrin (QLT Phototherapeutics Inc.)
procarbazine/Matulane (Sigma Tau Pharms)
quinacrine/Atabrine (Abbott Labs)
Rasburicase/Elitek (Sanofi-Synthelabo, Inc)
Rituximab/Rituxan (Genentech, Inc)
Sargramostim/Prokine (Immunex Corp)
streptozocin/Zanosar (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company)
talc/Sclerosol (Bryan)
tamoxifen/Nolvadex (AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals)
temozolomide/Temodar (Schering)
teniposide/VM-26/Vumon (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
testolactone/Teslac (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
thioguanine/6-TG/Thioguanine (GlaxoSmithKline)
thiotepa/Thioplex (Lederle Laboratories)
topotecan/Hycamtin (GlaxoSmithKline)
topotecan/Hycamtin (GlaxoSmithKline)
toremifene/Fareston (Orion Corp)
Tositumomab/Bexxar (Corixa Corporation)
Trastuzumab/Herceptin (Genentech, Inc)
tretinoin/ATRA/Vesanoid (Roche)
Uracil Mustard (Roberts Labs)
valrubicin/Valstar (Medeva)
vinblastine/Velban (Eli Lilly)
vincristine/Oncovin (Eli Lilly)
vinorelbine/Navelbine (GlaxoSmithKline), and
zoledronate/Zometa (Novartis)
3. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Aldesleukin/Proleukin (Chiron Corp)
4. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Alemtuzumab/Campath (Millennium and ILEX Partners, LP), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL)
5. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is alitretinoin/Panretin (Ligand Pharmaceuticals), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of cutaneous lesions in sarcoma patients, such as in patients suffering from AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
6. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is allopurinol/Zyloprim (GlaxoSmithKline), such as for the treatment of patients with leukaemia and/or lymphoma and/or one or more solid tumor malignancies who are receiving cancer therapy which causes elevations of serum and urinary uric acid levels.
7. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is altretamine/Hexalen (US Bioscience), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of ovarian cancer.
8. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is amifostine/Ethyol (US Bioscience), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of post-radiation xerostomia for e.g. head and neck cancer and/or ovarian cancer (preferably advanced) and/or non-small cell lung cancer.
9. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is anastrozole/Arimidex (AstraZeneca), such as for the treatment of breast cancer, for example hormone receptor positive early breast cancer, advanced breast cancer, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
10. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is arsenic trioxide/Trisenox (Cell Therapeutic).
11. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Asparaginase/Elspar (Merck & Co, Inc), such as for the treatment of pediatric patients.
12. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is BCG Live/TICE BCG (Organon Teknika Corp).
13. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is bexarotene capsules/Targretin (Ligand Pharmaceuticals), such as for treatment of cutaneous manifestations of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, preferably via oral administration.
14. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is bleomycin/Blenoxane (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for treatment of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and prevention of recurrent pleural effusions.
15. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is busulfan/Busulfex (GlaxoSmithKline), such as prior to hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia, preferably via oral administration.
16. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is calusterone/Methosarb (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company).
17. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is capecitabine/Xeloda (Roche), such as for treatment of breast cancer, preferably metastatic breast cancer, or colorectal carcinoma, preferably metastatic colorectal carcinoma.
18. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Carboplatin/Paraplatin (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for treatment of ovarian carcinoma.
19. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is carmustine/BCNU, BiCNU (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
20. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is carmustine with Polifeprosan 20 Implant/Gliadel Wafer (Guilford Pharmaceuticals Inc.), such as to prolong survival in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme who qualify for surgery.
21. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is celecoxib/Celebrex (Searle), such as for treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis.
22. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is chlorambucil/Leukeran (GlaxoSmithKline), such as for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
23. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is cisplatin/Platinol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for treatment of ovarian tumour preferably metastatic ovarian tumour, testicular tumour, preferably testicular tumour, transitional cell bladder cancer.
24. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is cladribine/Leustatin, 2-CdA (R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute), such as for treatment of active hairy cell leukaemia.
25. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is cyclophosphamide Cytoxan/Neosar (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
26. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is cytarabine/Cytosar-U (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company)
27. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is dacarbazine/DTIC-Dome (Bayer).
28. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is dactinomycin/actinomycin D Cosmegen (Merck)
29. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Darbepoetin alfa/Aranesp (Amgen, Inc), such as for treatment of anemia associated with chemotherapeutic regimes.
30. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is daunorubicin/daunomycin/Daunorubicin (Bedford Labs), such as in liposomal form, for example for the treatment of HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
31. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is daunorubicin/daunomycin/Cerubidine (Wyeth Ayerst), such as for treatment of leukaemia.
32. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Denileukin/diftitox/Ontak (Seragen, Inc), such as for treatment of T-cell lymphoma, preferably of individuals whose malignant cells express the CDC25 component of the IL-2 receptor.
33. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is dexrazoxane/Zinecard (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company), such as to aid in reducing the severity of cardiomyopathy associated with doxorubicin administration in women with metastatic breast cancer.
34. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is docetaxel/Taxotere (Aventis Pharmaceutical), such as for treatment of breast cancer, preferably locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, or non-small cell lung cancer, preferably locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.
35. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is doxorubicin/Adriamycin Rubex (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company), such as for treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma or metastatic carcinoma of the ovary.
36. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Dromostanolone propionate/Masterone injection (SYNTEX).
37. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Elliott's B Solution (Orphan Medical, Inc), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of miningeal leukaemia or lymphocytic lymphoma.
38. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Epirubicin/Ellence (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of breast cancer.
39. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is etoposide phosphate (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of refractory testicular tumours, or small cell lung cancer.
40. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is etoposide/VP-16/Vepesid (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of refractory testicular tumours, small cell lung cancer.
41. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is exemestane/Aromasin (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of breast cancer, preferably for treatment of advanced breast cancer.
42. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Filgrastim/Neupogen (Amgen, Inc), such as for treatment of non-myeloid malignancies undergoing myeloablative chemotherapy followed by marrow transplantation.
43. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is floxuridine/FUDR (Roche)
44. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is fludarabine/Fludara (Berlex Laboratories Inc.), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of B-cell lymphocytic leukaemia.
45. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is fluorouracil/5-FU/Adrucil (ICN Puerto Rico), such as to prolong survival.
46. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is fulvestrant/Faslodex (IPR), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of breast cancer, preferably in post-menopausal women.
47. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is gemcitabine/Gemzar (Eli Lilly), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas or non-small cell lung cancer, preferably locally advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas or non-small cell lung cancer.
48. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is gemtuzumab/ozogamicin/Mylotarg (Wyeth Ayerst), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of CD33 positive acute myeloid leukaemia in patients who are preferably 60 years of age or older.
49. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is goserelin acetate/Zoladex Implant (AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of breast cancer, preferably advanced stage breast cancer.
50. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is hydroxyurea/Hydrea (Bristol-Myers Squibb).
51. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Ibritumomab Tiuxetan/Zevalin (IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corp), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, for example patients with Rituximab refractory follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
52. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is idarubicin/Idamycin (Adria Laboratories), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of acute myeloid leukaemia, for example in adults.
53. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is ifosfamide/IFEX (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for treatment of germ cell testicular cancer.
54. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is imatinib mesylate/Gleevec (Novartis), such as for treatment of chronic myelogeneous leukaemia or gastrointestinal stromal tumours.
55. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Interferon alfa-2a/Roferon-A (Hoffmann-La Roche Inc), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of malignant melanoma, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, condylomata acuminate, hairy cell leukaemia or AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
56. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Interferon alfa-2b/Intron A (Schering Corp).
57. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is irinotecan/Camptosar (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of carcinoma of the colon or rectum, preferably metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum.
58. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is letrozole/Femara (Novartis), carcinoma of the colon or rectum, such as for treatment or prophylaxis of breast cancer, preferably in post-menopausal women.
59. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Leucovorin/Wellcovorin (Immunex Corporation), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of colorectal cancer, preferably advanced colorectal cancer.
60. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is levamisole/Ergamisol (Janssen Research Foundation), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of colon cancer, preferably after surgical resection.
61. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is lomustine/CCNU/CeeBU (Bristol-Myers Squibb).
62. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is meclorethamine/nitrogen mustard/Mustargen (Merck)
63. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is megestrol acetate/Megace (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
64. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is melphalan/L-PAM/Alkeran (GlaxoSmithKline), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of multiple myeloma.
65. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is mercaptopurine/6-MP Purinethol (GlaxoSmithKline)
66. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is mesna/Mesnex (Asta Medica) such as for treatment or prophylaxis of ifosfamide-indeuced hemorrhagic cystitis.
67. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is methotrexate (Lederle Laboratories), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of osteosarcoma.
68. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is methoxsalen/Uvadex (Therakos), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of skin manifestations of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).
69. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is mitomycin C/Mutamycin (Bristol-Myers Squibb).
70. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is mitomycin C/Mitozytrex (Supergen), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of disseminated adenocarcinoma of the stomach or pancreas.
71. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is mitotane/Lysodren (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
72. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is mitoxantrone/Novantrone (Lederle Laboratories), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of prostrate cancer or acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL) in adults.
73. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is nandrolone phenpropionate/Durabolin-50 (Organon).
74. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Nofetumomab/Verluma (Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG (formerly Dr. Karl Tomae GmbH).
75. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is doxorubicin/Adriamycin PFS.
76. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Oprelvekin/Neumega (Genetics Institute), preferably administered after myelosuppressive chemotherapy in patients with nonmyeloid malignancies
77. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is oxaliplatin/Eloxatin (Sanofi Synthelabo), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of carcinoma of the colon, preferably metastatic carcinoma of the colon.
78. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is paclitaxel/Taxol/Paxene (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of advanced AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, breast cancer, metastatic breast cancer, carcinoma of the ovary, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, metastatic carcinoma of the ovary, non-small cell lung cancer or node-positive breast cancer.
79. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is pamidronate/Aredia (Novartis), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of osteolytic bone metastases of breast cancer.
80. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is pegademase/Adagen (Pegademase Bovine) (Enzon).
81. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Pegaspargase/Oncaspar (Enzon, Inc).
82. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Pegfilgrastim/Neulasta (Amgen, Inc), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of non-myeloid malignancies.
83. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is pentostatin/Nipent (Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Co.), such as for treatment or prophylaxis of hairy cell leukaemia, for example alpha interferon refractory hairy cell leukaemia.
84. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is pipobroman/Vercyte (Abbott Labs)
85. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is plicamycin/mithramycin/Mithracin (Pfizer Labs)
86. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is porfimer sodium/Photofrin (QLT Phototherapeutics Inc.), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of partially obstructing or completely obstructing esophogeal cancer.
87. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is procarbazine/Matulane (Sigma Tau Pharms).
88. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is quinacrine/Atabrine (Abbott Labs)
89. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Rasburicase/Elitek (Sanofi-Synthelabo, Inc), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of patients suffering from leukaemia, lymphoma or solid tumor malignancies.
90. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Rituximab/Rituxan (Genentech, Inc)
91. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Sargramostim/Prokine (Immunex Corp)
92. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is streptozocin/Zanosar (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company).
93. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is talc/Sclerosol (Bryan), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of malignant pleural effusion in symptomatic patients.
94. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is tamoxifen/Nolvadex (AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of breast cancer, for example following mastectomy and axillary dissection in postmenopausal women, or for metastatic breast cancer, for example in men.
95. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is temozolomide/Temodar (Schering), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of refractory anaplastic astrocytma.
96. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is teniposide/VM-26/Vumon (Bristol-Myers Squibb), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of refractory childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
97. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is testolactone/Teslac (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
98. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is thioguanine/6-TG/Thioguanine (GlaxoSmithKline)
99. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is thiotepa/Thioplex (Lederle Laboratories)
100. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is topotecan/Hycamtin (GlaxoSmithKline), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of metastatic carcinoma of the ovary, or small cell lung cancer.
101. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is toremifene/Fareston (Orion Corp), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
102. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Tositumomab/Bexxar (Corixa Corporation), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
103. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Trastuzumab/Herceptin (Genentech, Inc), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of metastatic breast cancer.
104. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is tretinoin/ATRA/Vesanoid (Roche), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of acute promyeocytic leukaemia.
105. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is Uracil Mustard (Roberts Labs)
106. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is valrubicin/Valstar (Medeva), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of BCG-refractory carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the urinary bladder.
107. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is vinblastine/Velban (Eli Lilly)
108. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is vincristine/Oncovin (Eli Lilly)
109. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is vinorelbine/Navelbine (GlaxoSmithKline), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of non-small cell lung cancer, such as unresectable, advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
110. The kit according to any of claims 1 and 2, wherein the anti-cancer drug is zoledronate/Zometa (Novartis), such as for the treatment or prophylaxis of multiple myeloma or patients with documented bone metastases from solid tumours.
111. The kit according to any of claims 1 to 110, wherein the Basidiomycete bioactive agent is selected from the group consisting of:
agents comprising or consisting of an oligosaccharide,
agents comprising or consisting of a polysaccharide,
agents comprising or consisting of an optionally glycosylated peptide,
agents comprising or consisting of an optionally glycosylated polypeptide,
agents comprising or consisting of an oligonucleotide,
agents comprising or consisting of a polynucleotide,
agents comprising or consisting of a lipid,
agents comprising or consisting of a fatty acid,
agents comprising or consisting of a fatty acid ester and
agents comprising or consisting of secondary metabolites.
112. The kit according to any of claims 1 to 111, wherein the bioactive agent is selected from the group consisting of: an oligosaccharide, a polysaccharide and an optionally glycosylated polypeptide.
113. The kit according to any of claims 1 to 111, wherein the bioactive agent is a polysaccharide.
114. The kit according to any of claims 1 to 111, wherein the bioactive agent is an oligosaccharide.
115. The kit according to any of claims 1 to 111, wherein the bioactive agent is an optionally glycosylated polypeptide.
116. The kit according any of claims 1 to 111, wherein the polysaccharide is a homopolymer.
117. The kit according any of claims 1 to 111, wherein the polysaccharide is a heteropolymer.
118. The kit according any of claims 1 to 117, wherein the Basidiomycete bioactive agent is an Agaricus bioactive agent is from any of the following: A. blazei, A. blazei Murill, A. bisporus, A. hortensis, A. campestris.
119. The kit according to any of claims 1 to 117, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent is from A. blazei, preferably blazei Murill.
120. The kit according to any of claims 1 to 117, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent is from A. bisporus.
121. The kit according to any of claims 1 to 117, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent is from A. hortensis.
122. The kit according to any of claims 1 to 117, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent is from A. campestris.
123. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of an optionally glycosylated peptide.
124. The kit according to any of claims 1 to 122, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of a polypeptide.
125. The kit according to any of claims 1 to 122, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of an oligonucleotide.
126. The kit according to any of claims 1 to 122, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of a polynucleotide.
127. The kit according to any of claims 1 to 122, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of a lipid.
128. The kit according to any of claims 1 to 122, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of a fatty acid.
129. The kit according to any of claims 1 to 122, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of fatty acid esters.
130. The kit according to any of claims 1 to 122, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of secondary metabolite(s), such as steroids, shikimic acids, alkaloids and benzodiazepins.
131. The kit according to any of claims 1 to 122, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of at least one steroid.
132. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the (1-4)-alpha D glucan and/or (1-6)-beta-D-glucan described by Fujimiya et al., (“Selective Tumoricial effect of soluble proteoglucan extracted from the basidiomycete, Agaricus blazei Murill, mediated via natural killer cell activation and apoptosis, Cancer Immunol Immunother (1998) 46: 147-159)
133. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the soluble beta-(1-6)-glucans described by Fujimiya et al., (“Peroral effect on tumour progression of soluble beta-(1,6)-glucans prepared by acid treatment from Agaricus blazei. Murr (Agaricaceae, Higher basidiomycetes), International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 2, 43-49).
134. The kit according to any of claims 1 to 117, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of any of the following compounds described by Smith et al., (“Medicinal mushrooms: their therapeutic properties and current medical usage with special emphasis on cancer treatments.”, downloadable from http://sci.cancerresearchuk.org/labs/med_mush/med_mush.html): FI1-a-beta (beta-glucan from the fruiting body), FIII2-beta (beta glucan-protein from the fruiting body), FA-1a-beta (hetero-beta glucan from the fruiting body), FA-2b-beta (RNA from the fruiting body), FV-1 (insoluble beta-glucan from the fruiting body), ATOM (glucomannan-protein, isolated from submerged cultured mycelial biomass), AB-FP (mannan protein, isolated from the liquid cultured broth), Beta (1-6)-D-glucan.
135. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the beta-(1-6)-D: -glucan described by Kobayashi et al., (“Suppressing effects of daily oral supplementation of beta-glucan extracted from Agaricus blazei Murill on spontaneous and peritoneal disseminated metastasis in mouse model”, J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2005 May 10).
136. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the HM3-G (molecular mass 380 kDa), mainly (1-4)-alpha D glucan with (1-6)-beta branching, described by Fujimiya et al., (“Selective Tumoricial effect of soluble proteoglucan extracted from the basidiomycete, Agaricus blazei Murill, mediated via natural killer cell activation and apoptosis, Cancer Immunol Immunother (1998) 46: 147-159).
137. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of Glucomannan with a main chain of beta-1,2-linked D-mannopyranosyl residues and beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues as a side chain described by Mizuno et al. (“Anti-tumor polysaccharide from the mycelium of liquid-cultured Agaricus blazei mill”, Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1999 April; 47(4):707-14).
138. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the polysaccharide fraction prepared using cold or hot NaOH extraction described by Ohno et al., (Antitumor beta glucan from the cultured fruit body of Agaricus blazei. Biol Pharm Bull. 2001 July; 24(7):820-8).
139. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Glucomannan with a main chain of beta-1,2-linked D-mannopyranosyl residues and beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues as a side chain described by Mizuno et al. (“Anti-tumor polysaccharide from the mycelium of liquid-cultured Agaricus blazei mill”, Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1999 April; 47(4):707-14).
140. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the alpha-1,4-glucan-beta-1,6-glucan complex with an average molecular weight of 20 kDa described by Fujimiya et al., (Tumor-specific cytocidal and immunopotentiating effects of relatively low molecular weight products derived from the basidiomycete, Agaricus blazei Murill. Anticancer Res. 1999 January-February; 19(1A):113-8)
141. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the complex of alpha-1,6- and alpha-1,4-glucan described by Mizuno et al., (Polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei stimulate lymphocyte T-cell subsets in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1998 March; 62(3):434-7).
142. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the ergosterol described by Takaku et al., (Isolation of an antitumor compound from Agaricus blazei Murill and its mechanism of action. J Nutr. 2001 May; 131(5):1409-13).
143. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of ATOM (glucomannan-protein, isolated from submerged cultured mycelial biomass) described by Ito et al., “Antitumour effects of a new polysaccharide-protein complex (ATOM) prepared from Agaricus blazei (Iwade strain 101) “Himematsutake” and its mechanisms in tumor-bearing mice”, Anticancer research 17:277-284 (1997).
144. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the FIII-2-b ((1-6)-beta-D-glucan complex) described by Kawagishi et al. (“Formolysis of a potent antitumor (1-6)-beta-D-glucan-protein complex from Agaricus blazei fruiting bodies and antitumor activity of the resulting products. Carbohydr polymers 12:393-403, 1990).
145. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Isoflavone-beta-D-glucan, produced by culturing Agaricus blazei mycelia in isoflavone-containing liquid medium described in US2005069989.
146. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Glucomannan having a mannose chain of −1, −2 bonds as its primary chain described in JP 11080206.
147. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the polysaccharide described by Fan et al., “Production of polysaccharide by culinary-medicinal mushroom Agaricus brasiliensis S Wasser et al. LPB 03 (Agaricomycetideae) in submerged fermentation and its antitumor effect”, International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 2003), 5(1), 17-23.
148. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Linoleic acid; and/or 13-hydroxy cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic acid (13ZE-LOH) described in “Fruit body of a basidiomycete Agaricus-Blazei”, Yakugaku Zasshi-Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 1994.
149. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Ab-FP described by Liu et al., (“Fractionation of extracellular polysaccharide from Agaricus blazei murill and its antitumor activity”, Shipin Yu Fajiao Gongye (2001), 27(11), 27-29).
150. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Glucan-protein complex described by Gonzaga et al., (“Isolation and characterisation of polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei Murill”, Carbohydrate polymers 2005, Vol. 60, Iss 1, p 43-49).
151. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Ap-MP (water-soluble mycelia polysaccharide) described by Liu et al., “Study on antitumor activity of Agaricus blazei”.
152. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the 1SY16 described by Lee et al. (“1SY16 isolated from Agaricus blazei Murill K as a potent multipotential chemopreventative agent”, Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 2004, Vol 13, Iss 11, p 1861S).
153. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Sodium pyroglutamate described by Kimura et al. (“Isolation of an anti-angiogenic substance from Agaricus blazei Murill: Its antitumor and antimetastatic actions”, Cancer Science 2004, Vol 95, Iss 9, p758-764)
154. The kit according to claim 119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of the Blazeispirane derivatives described by Hirotani et al., (“Blazeispirane and protoblazeispirane derivatives from the cultured mycelia of the fungus Agaricus blazei”, Phytochemistry 2002, Vol. 61, Iss 5, p 589-595).
155. The kit according to any of claims 1-119, wherein the Agaricus bioactive agent comprises or consists of any of the basidiolipids BI-1, BI-2, BI-3 or BI-4 as described by Jennemann et al., “Novel glycoinositolphosphosphingolipds, basidiolipds, from Agaricus”, Eur. J. Biochem. 259, 331-338 (1999).
156. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the bioactive agent stimulates the immune system of an animal or a human when administered to said animal or human in a pharmaceutically active amount.
157. The kit according to claim 156, wherein the immune stimulating agent is capable of stimulating in an individual in need of such stimulation, the production of one or more of antibodies, such as IgG, IgA, and IgE, T helper cells, interleukins, such as IL-1 and IL-2, interferon, such as IFN-gamma, natural killer cells, and macrophages.
158. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the bioactive agent is precipitated by alcohol precipitation.
159. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the bioactive agent is precipitated by ultracentrifugation.
160. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the bioactive agent is size fractionated prior to precipitation or centrifugation.
161. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the bioactive agent is further purified by one or more steps involving washing, desalting, size fractionation, and affinity chromatography, such as ion-exchange chromatography.
162. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the bioactive agent is further purified by washing and ion-exchange chromatography.
163. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the precipitated immune stimulating agent is further purified by size exclusion chromatography or gel filtration.
164. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the bioactive agent is extracellularly located and can be isolated from the liquid growth medium and optionally is also produced intracellularly in said Basidiomycete sp.
165. The kit according to ally of the preceding claims, wherein the bioactive agent is extracellularly located and immunologically distinct from an intracellularly produced bioactive variant of the agent having the same activity.
166. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the liquid growth medium comprises one or more of malt extract, yeast extract, peptone, glucose, sucrose, salts providing phosphate, magnesium and potassium, corn-steep liquor and vitamins, such as thiamine.
167. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the Basidiomycete sp. is grown in a liquid growth medium comprising malt extract, yeast extract, peptone, and glucose.
168. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the Basidiomycete sp. is grown in a liquid growth medium which is agitated and supplied with an oxygen source.
169. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the Basidiomycete sp. is grown at a temperature in the range of from 23° C. to 32° C.
170. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein Basidiomycete sp. mycelium is removed from the liquid growth medium prior to the isolation of the immune stimulating agent.
171. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the fungal mycelium is removed from the initial culture by filtration or centrifugation.
172. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said anti-cancer medicament is suitable for administration simultaneously with the administration of the bioactive agent, such as in a co-formulation.
173. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said anti-cancer medicament and the bioactive agent are suitable for sequential administration, in any order, such as first the bioactive agent and then the anti-cancer medicament.
174. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said medicament and/or agent are suitable for subcutaneous administrationn.
175. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said medicament and/or agent are administered nasally.
176. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said medicament and/or agent are suitable for administration via the pulmonary route, such as via aerosol administration.
177. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said medicament and/or agent are suitable for administration via the parenteral route.
178. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said medicament and/or agent are suitable for oral administration.
179. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said medicament and/or agent are suitable for topical administration.
180. The kit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said medicament and/or agent are co-formulated in a composition.
181. Use of an anti-cancer medicament and an Basidiomycete sp. bioactive agent for the manufacture of a kit of parts suitable for administration to an individual in need thereof.
182. The use according to claim 181, wherein the individual is a mammal, such as a human being.
183. The use according to any of claims 181-182, wherein said individual is immunocompromised.
184. The use according to any of claims 181-183, wherein said individual is elderly, such as 60-120 years old, for example 70-120 years old, such as 80-120 years old, for instance 90-120 years old
185. The use according to any of claims 181-183, wherein said individual is 20-60 years old, such as 30-50 years old.
186. The use according to any of claims 156-183, wherein said individual is a child, such as from 0-20 years old, for example 0-15 years old, such as 0-10 years old, for example 0-5 years old, such as 0-1 years old, such as a newborn child less than 2 months old.
187. The use according to any of claims 181-186, wherein said neoplastic disease is benign.
188. The use according to any of claims 181-187, wherein said neoplastic disease is metastatic.
189. The use according to any of claims 181-188, wherein said neoplastic disease is stage 3-4 metastatic disease.
190. The use according to any of claims 81-189, wherein said neoplastic disease is selected from the group consisting of: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Adrenocortical Carcinoma, AIDS-Related Cancers, AIDS-Related Lymphoma, Anal Cancer, Astrocytoma (e.g. Childhood Cerebellar or Childhood Cerebral), Basal Cell Carcinoma, Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer, Bladder Cancer, Bone Cancer, Osteosarcoma/Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma, Brain Stem Glioma, Brain Tumor, Breast Cancer, Male Breast Cancer, Bronchial Adenomas/Carcinoids, Burkitt's Lymphoma, Carcinoid Tumor, Carcinoma of Unknown Primary, Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma, Cerebral Astrocytoma/Malignant Glioma, Cervical Cancer, Childhood Cancers, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders, Colon Cancer, Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, Endometrial Cancer, Ependymoma (such as Childhood Epdndymoma), Esophageal Cancer, Ewing's Family of Tumors, Extracranial Germ Cell Tumor (such as Childhood Extracranial Germ Cell Tumor), Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor, Eye Cancer (Intraocular Melanoma or Retinoblastoma), Gallbladder Cancer, Gastric (Stomach) Cancer, Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor, Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor, Glioma, Hairy Cell Leukemia, Head and Neck Cancer, Hepatocellular (Liver) Cancer, Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Hypopharyngeal Cancer, Hypothalamic and Visual Pathway Glioma (such as Childhood Hypothalamic and Visual Pathway Glioma), Intraocular Melanoma, Islet Cell Carcinoma (Endocrine Pancreas), Kaposi's Sarcoma, Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer, Laryngeal Cancer, Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer, Lung Cancer (Non-Small Cell or Small Cell), Lymphoma (such as AIDS-Related Lymphoma, Burkitt's Lymphoma, Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma), Macroglobulinemia (such as Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia), Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone/Osteosarcoma, Medulloblastoma (such as Childhood Medulloblastoma), Melanoma, Merkel Cell Carcinoma, Mesothelioma (such as Adult Malignant Mesothelioma or childhood Mesothelioma), Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer with Occult Primary, Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome (such as occurring in childhood), Multiple Myeloma/Plasma Cell Neoplasm, Mycosis Fungoides, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Diseases, Myeloma (such as Multiple Myeloma), Chronic myeloproliferative disorders, Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancer, Nasopharyngeal Cancer, Nasopharyngeal Cancer (such as Childhood Nasopharyngeal Cancer), Neuroblastoma, Oropharyngeal Cancer, Osteosarcoma/Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone, Ovarian Cancer (such as Childhood Ovarian Cancer), Ovarian Epithelial Cancer, Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor, Ovarian Low Malignant Potential Tumor, Pancreatic Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer, Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer, Parathyroid Cancer, Penile Cancer, Pheochromocytoma, Pineoblastoma and Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors, Pituitary Tumor, Pleuropulmonary Blastoma, Prostate Cancer, Renal Pelvis and Ureter Transitional Cell Cancer, Retinoblastoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma (such as Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma), Salivary Gland Cancer, Adult-onset soft tissue Sarcoma, Soft Tissue Sarcoma (such as Childhood Soft Tissue Sarcoma), uterine Sarcoma, Sezary Syndrome, Skin Cancer (such as non-Melanoma skin cancer), Merkel Cell Skin Carcinoma, Small Intestine Cancer, Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors (such as occurring in Childhood), Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, Testicular Cancer, Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma, Thyroid Cancer, Transitional Cell Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter, Trophoblastic Tumor (such as Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor), Urethral Cancer, Endometrial uterine cancer, Uterine Sarcoma, Vaginal Cancer, Visual Pathway and Hypothalamic Glioma (such as Childhood Visual Pathway and Hypothalamic Glioma), Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia or Wilms' Tumor.
191. The use according to any of claims 181-190, wherein said Basidiomycete sp. bioactive agent is administered in a dosage from about 0.001 to about 100 mg/kg.
192. A method for the treatment of a neoplastic disease in an individual, said method comprising the steps of
a. providing the kit of parts according to any of claims 1 to 180, and
b. administering the anti-cancer medicament and a Basidiomycete sp. bioactive agent to said individual.
193. The method according to claim 192, comprising any of the aspects specified in claims 1-191.
194. A method for enhancing the therapeutic effect of an anti-cancer drug, comprising co-administering with said anti-cancer drug a Basidiomycete sp. bioactive agent.
195. The method according to claim 194, comprising any of the aspects specified in claims 1-191.
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