US2015657A - Coking retort oven - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 1, 1935. J BECKER 2,015,657

COKING RETORT OVEN Filed Jan. 19, 1932 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 11v VENTOR. vbJ b 5e cker:

Oct. 1, 1935. J. BECKER GOKING RETORT OVEN s Shee ts-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 19, 1932 xxxxryxmw IN VEIVTOR. k/QSQOA zfiecker BY Q fl A RN Oct. 1, 193 5. J. BECKER GOKING RETORT OVEN Filed Jan. 19, 1952 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 IN VEN TOR. vbse ob Becks/7' Patented Oct. 1, 1935 UNITED STATES coxmG nn'ron'r ovnn Joseph Becker, om Township, Allegheny County, Pa... assignor to The Koppel-s Company of Delaware, a corporation of Delaware Application Januarydii, 1932, Serial No. 582,541

1 Claim. (c1. 202-142) My invention relates to coking retort ovens and particularly to heating systems therefor.

The subject-matter of thepresent application is closely related to that of my Patent 'No.

-5 1,374,546, upon which the present invention isan improvement.

In the structure of my prior patent, I provide crossover flues which extend over an oven cham-.

her for connecting the horizontal flues of the l heating walls adjacent to the oven chamber in order to connect the heating systems of these walls for operation in series with each other. All of the heating walls of the battery are similarly connected in pairs.

In each of the heating wallsof the structure covered by my prior patent, the gases of combustion pass upwardly from the flame flues in which combustion occurs, through ports or ducts into a horizontal flue within which they flow horizon- 20 tally to one of the crossover flues for distribution through a similar system in an adjacent wall.

The tops of the flame flues operate as baflles and the flames of combustion are extinguished as the gases pass through the ducts into the 25 horizontal flues. Accordingly, the temperature of the gases above the top of the flame flues is not sufliciently high to be useful in coking and the tops of the flame flues constitute the upper limit of the useful heating surface for the adjacent oven chamber.

" In accordance with the present invention, I am enabled to eliminate the horizontal flues above the flame flues in each of the heating walls. The flame flues are extended upwardly 35 to occupy the space formerly required by the horizontal flues and their connections to the lime flues.

The result is to materially increase the heating surface of the flame flues of each heating wall. The structure of the heating walls is greatly simplified since the relatively simple arrangement of the flame flues'is substituted for the arrangement of the horizontal flues and the ducts for connecting them to the flame flues.

45 Also, the elimination of these ducts and the resulting reduction in the number of changes in direction of the gases facilitates-their flow by reducing the resistance to such flow. The drop in pressure of the gases through these portions 59 of the heating system is reduced by the elimination of the resistance to their flow.

The coke-oven battery embodying my invention comprises other features of construction and arrangement which will be described in connec- 55 tion with the accompanying drawings, in which located in galleries or tunnels 24 beneath th Figure 1 is a view in transverse vertical section of a, coke-oven battery constructed in accord-. ance with my invention;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view in vertical longitudinal section of a portion of the battery of Fig. 1;

3 is an. enlarged vertical sectional view of a portion of the heating wall shown in Fig. 1;

and

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view of a portion of a coke-oven'battery in which horizontal dlsl0 -tributing ductsfor rich gas are employed.

Referring particularly to Figs. 1, 2 and 3', a coke-oven battery I comprises any suitable num-- ber of horizontal oven chambers 2 and heating walls 3 therefor that alternate therewith. The battery is provided with a; roof or top 4, through which extends the usual charging holes 5, three of which are shown by way of example.

Each oven chamber is also provided with a gas oiftake opening 6 at each end thereof. An

ascension pipe I connects each gas offtake opening 6 to a collecting main 8 one of which extends along each side of the battery.

Horizontal brickwork l0, which. extends be-' neath the oven chambers 2 and heating walls 3, separates the latter from the regenerator structure therebeneath. The regenerators consist of two rows of crosswise regenerators H, each of which extends half the width of the battery. The battery structure is supported upon a foundation comprising a pad I2, pillars l3 and a base H, which may be of concrete. This arrangement provides passageways for convenient access to the bottom portion of the battery structure.

Each regenerator H is provided with a sole flue l5, to which is connected a reversing box It. Producer gas is supplied to the battery from a main H on each side of the battery. The mains I! are connected through valves "to the revers ing boxes l6 that supply fuel gas when the cor- 40 responding regenerators operate as inflow regenerators When'rich gas, such as coke-oven gas, is used as fuel, it is supplied from a .main I! that is connected to a header 2!! for each of the heating walls 3. Each of the headers'is, in turn, connected by means of vertical ducts 2|, which extend throughthe walls of the regenerators H for supplying gas to the heating wall. This system of supplying rich gas is known as" the underburner system since the various headers and the controlling valves 22 therefor, as well as the adjustingvalves 23 for the vertical ducts, are all e battery structure.

extends through the bottle-bricks oi the wall to permit communication between adjacent flame flues 26.

As best shown in Fig. 3, the top edges of the short walls are rounded while the edges beneath the openings 28 are tapered in order to facilitate the changes in direction of the flow of gases. The row of openings 28 and the top portions of the flame flues constitute in eiiect a horizontal flue since horizontal flow oi gases may occur along the tops of the heating wall.

At intervals along the length of the oven and preferably so distributed as to divide the flame flues into groups of approximately four flame flues each, are a series of crossover flues 26 that extend from the horizontal space along the top oi one heating wall across the intervening oven chamber 2 to the similar horizontal space of the adjacent heating wall. It will be noted that the ends of the crossover flues 219 are substantially in alinement with the short partition walls 21 in order to equalize the flow of gases through the group of flues in series with the crossover flue.

While the space along the top of the heating wall that connects the several flame flues to each other and to the crossover flues 29 is substantially continuous, the omission of certain oi the openings 26 would serve to divide the flame flues into groups communicating with the crossover flues 29 connected to that group. However, the present arrangement provides that, in case of diflerences in pressure in adjacent groups, such dlfierences may be equalized by means of the transfer of gases along the horizontal space which also connects adjacent crossover flues.

In the operation of the battery, it may be assumed that producer gas is being supplied from the mains I! through the corresponding reversing boxes l6 and that air is being supplied to certain of the regenerators through similar boxes l6. Air and gas then flow through the inflow regenerators and through inclined ducts 36 and ports ii for combustion in one heating wall of each connected pair. The gases burn upwardly in the flame flues and the resulting gases of combustion, when they reach the top of the latter, flow either to the right or to the left, as the case may be, through the openings 28 to the most nearly adjacent crossover flue 29.

The gases of combustion flow through the several crossover flues and are then distributed through the several openings 28 into the flame flues 26 of the co-operating heating wall, in which they flow downwardly and out through inclined ducts 30 into outflow regenerators l I. They then pass through the corresponding reversing boxes l6 and vertical ducts 33 into waste gas mains 34 that are connected to the usual stack (not shown). 1

Each of the crossover flues 29 is provided with sliding bricks 35 for regulating the flow of waste gases therethrough. The distribution and relative flow of gases through the various parts of the system may be controlled by these regulating bricks. Each flame flue 26 is provided with an inspection opening 36 extending through the root 4 and each inspection opening is provided with a cover brick 31.

The arrangement 01' the regenerators for trans- 5 mitting air and gas and waste gases-when the direction oi. flow within the several heating walls is as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 2 is shown by the respective legends A, G and WG in full lines designating the respective regenerators. It 1 will be noted that the regenerators are divided into groups of three, the central regenerator of each group being larger than the other two.

When a group operates as inflow regenerators, the central or large regenerator supplies producer 15 gas to two heating walls while each of the smaller or outer members of the group supplies air to one of the two heating walls. When a group operates as outflow regenerators, all of the members of the group carry waste gas.

This arrangement provides that an air'regenerator is always between regenerators carrying fuel gas and waste gases. Counterflow between these gases is thus prevented. Also, this arrange ment of regenerators in groups provides that no 26 pillar wall is necessary under alternate oven chambers and additional regenerator space is thus provided..

The direction of flowoi' gasesthrough the battery is periodically reversed at the end oi'perlods 30 of substantially a half hour. When the direction of flow is opposite to that of the arrowsshown in Fig. 2, the regenerators operate to carry air, gas or waste gases in accordance with the arrangement shown by the legends in dotted lines in Fig. 35.

2; It will be noted that the same relation of air regenerators with respect to gas regenerators and waste-gas regenerators obtains that was described in connection with the operation of the gases in the other direction.

When rich gas or coke-oven gas is employed as fuel, the connections to the producer gas mains are closed and all of the inflow regenerators during any reversal period, operate as air regenerators and all of the outflow regenerators carry 5 waste gases, as in the previous operation. Cokeoven gas is supplied to all of the flame flues oi the walls in which combustion occurs by means of the headers i1 and the vertical ducts 2| that extend directly into the flame flues 26. It will be noted that no nozzles are required for regulating the flow oi. gas, such regulation being accomplished by the valves 23 beneath the battery.

Reference may now be had to Fig. 4, in which is illustrated modified apparatus for supplying rich gas for heating the oven. The additional structure comprises a rich gas main 6!, extending along the side of the battery, and that is connected by means of valves Mi and gas guns ll to horizontal ducts 42 that extend through the horizontal brickwork l6 beneath each of the heating walls. Short vertical ducts 43 comprising the usual nozzles (not shown) connect the horizontal duct 42 to each of the flame flues 26.

When rich gas is employed in the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 4, the arrangement of the regenerators and the operation of the heating system is otherwise as described in connection with the supplying of rich gas through the underburner system of Figs. 1, 2 and 3.

The construction 01' coke-oven batteries in accordance with my invention is materially more simple than that in which it has been necessary to provide separate horizontal flues for each heating wall and to provide ducts for connecting each 76 flame flue to a horizontal. The area of useful heating surface has been increased by extending the flame flues to include the space formerly occupied by such ducts and horizontal flues.

Since the path of travel for the gases of combustion offers considerably less resistance to the flow of gases through the battery, the drop in pressure has been correspondingly diminished and the efliciency of the operation of theheating system has thus been improved.

By means of the provision of sliding bricks in the several crossover flues, regulation or adjustment between the groups of flame flues of any pair of heating walls is readily effected. Since the crossover flues are connected at each end through the tops of the flame flues, differences in pressure may be equalized by the division of the gases between the crossover flues and the distribution of the gases in the adjacent heating wall.

The provision of means beneath the battery for supplying rich gas enables the latter to be regulated at points accessible to the operators and the use of nozzles or sliding bricks for the individual flues is unnecessary. Also, the elimination of one-half of the pillar walls has materially increased the amount of regenerator space that is available.

The foregoing and other advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art of construction and operation of coke-oven batteries.

I claim as my invention:

A horizontal coke oven comprising a horizontal coking chamber and combustion heating means therefor comprising two heating walls on opposite sides of the oven chamber, each of said heating walls having a series of vertical flame flues therein arranged in a row parallel with the oven chamber with partition walls between said flame flues and the tops oi the partition walls and the top of the heating wall providing between them a horizontal gas flow space along the top of the heating wall and communicably connecting the upper parts of the flame flues in the heating walls, a. plurality of crossover flues extending over said oven chamber and communicating with the horizontal gas flow space at the upper parts of the flame flues in each heating wall to communicably connect the flame flues of said heating walls in series, said crossover flues being spaced from each other so that each of them is cormnunicably connected at each end thereof with vertical flame flues on opposite sides thereof along the heating walls and so that each of the crossover flues may be required to accommodate gas flow to and from substantially only a part of the vertical flues that communicate with the horizontal gas flow space between each two crossover flues, the effective cross-sectional area. of the aforesaid horizontal gas flow space being substantially less than the eflective cross-sectional area of the vertical flame flues, for accelerating velocity of gas flow laterally over the flame flues to the crossover flues, and. the vertical flame flues being free from gas throttling constrictions, where they communicate with the horizontal gas flow space, that would cause an increase in pressure to enable the gas to flow through such constrictions out of the flues into the horizontal gas flow space and into the flues from the horizontal gas flow space, and said vertical flame flues communicating at their upper parts with the crossovers solely through the horizontal gas flow space and non-regulable connec-

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