US1212866A - Coke-oven and method of operating the same. - Google Patents

Description

L. WILPUTTE. COKE OVEN AND METHOD-0F OPERATING THE SAME.

WITNESSES V x L. WILPUTTE.

COKE OVEN AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME.

APPLICATION FILED APR-26, 1913.

Fi Z- WITNESSES Patented. Jan. 16, 1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

unlll N VE N TOR ATTORNEY L. WILPUTTE. COKE OVEN AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME.

I 1 I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I i l I I I l I I I I I' I l I 'lh- 3a II --r Ir I i 2' A M a" o o D 0 0 o o 0 Do 0 n B :0 n :a O 0 n 9 a 0 o c 0 r l B 9' A B 1 5? L. WILPUTTE. COKE OVEN AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 26, I913.

Patented Jan.16,1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

EA PAL M P 1.

WQGLM WWW H: MM MAM M U r w A TTORNE Y L. WILPUTTE.

COKE OVEN AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME.

APPLICATION FILED APR-Z6. i9l 3- Patented Jan. 16,1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

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LOUIS WILPUTTE, OF NEW ZQEK, N. if. v

CQKE OVEhT AND METHOD OF OPERATING- THE SAME.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan, to, limit,

, Application filed April 26, 1913. Serial No. 763,?14,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, Louis ,WILPUTI'E, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing in the city, county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Coke-Uvens and-Methods of Operating the Same, of which the following is a true and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part thereof:

My present invention relates to regenerati ve coke ovens, and comprises novel features of oven construction, and a novel method of oven operation, devised primarily for the purpose of obtaining the distribution of the heating gases flowing through the various oven heating fiues necessary for the proper heating of the coking mass.

My present invention. is primarily adapted for use-in, and in connection with a regenerative coke oven structure of the type in which a considerable number of, the parallel heating fiues foreach coking chamber, ordinarily all the heating fines along one side of the chamber, are connected, usually at the upper ends of the fines, to a common horizontal collecting and distributing fiuc,

which receives heating gases through approximately half of the fines and discharges heating gases into each of the remaining flues, the direction of flow through the tines being reversed from time to time.

The primary object of the invention is to provide simple and effective means for, and a simple and effective method of properly distributing the flow into and also the flow out of the common horizontal flue among the heating fiues discharging into and the heating fiues conveying the heating gases away from the common horizontal fine with either direction of flow.

in a preferred mode of carrying out my invention, 1 provide paths of fiow for the air and gas passing into and for the off gases passing out of the regenerator ends of the heating fines, which are arranged to separate the fiow into orout of each heating fine or small group of adjacent fines from the flow into or out of the other heating fines connected to the same common collecting and distributing fine, and which comprise portions exclusively for fiow into the. fines and portions exclusively for fiow out of the fines. I For instance, the various heating fines connected at their upper ends to a common collecting and distributing fine may each be connected at its lower end to a. regenerative space separate from the regen erative spaces to which the lower ends of the other flues are connected. In this case the separate air admission and the separate ofi gas outlet connections to the difierent regenerative spaces provide channels exclusively for flow toward and exclusively for fiow away from the heating fines; or where the lines in one group are connected to a common regenerative space, and the fines in the other group are connected to a second regenerative space, I may connect each heat ing fiue'tothe corresponding regenerative space by two channels one exclusively for flow into the heating fine from the regeneia tor and the other exclusively for fiow. from the line to the generator.

By providing flow paths separating the flow throughthe heating fines in the man.- ner described, I am enabled to employ flow restricting or other flow regulating devices for distributing the flow among-the fines discharging into the common horizontal'fiue which need not interfere with the operation of the flow operating devices employed to proportion the flow in the opposite direction through the same fiues when the direction of fiow through the fines is reversed. This regulated distribution of flow may obviously be secured, for instance, byregulating the size of the various air admisswn connections and r of the various ofi' take connections to the separate regenerative spaces in the first ex for the heating gases passing in the opposite direction through the same fines when the direction of flow is reversed, the regulating device for the flow in said opposite direction through each of these heating fines may be located at any convenient point at which the heating gas passing through the fine is separated from the heating gas ample of the coke oven construction em- I lllttl simultaneously passing in the same direction through other fines.

Where each of the flues or each small group of adjacent flues in a heating wall is connected to a regenerative space separate from the regenerative spaces to which the other fines in the heating wall are connected, these regenerative spaces may be individual to the heating fines in the one heating wall or advantageously they may extend transvers'ely to the heating chambers and be connected each to a correspondingly located flue or small group of adjacent fiues in the heating walls at the sides of all or a large number of the coking-chambers in the coke oven structure.

My invention also comprises novel and advantageous features of coke oven construction and arrangement.

The various ,features of novelty which characterize my invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification. For a better understanding of the invention however, and of the advantages possessed by it, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter, in which I have illustrated and described various forms of apparatus embodying the invention and by which each may be carried out.

Of the drawings Figure l is an end elevation of a portion of a coke oven, partly in section on the line 1--l of Fig. 2; Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation, mainly in section on the line 22 of Fig. l, but partly in section at the upper left hand corner on the line 22 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a sectional 'plan taken on the broken line 33 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a plan view of a portion of "one of the air supply pipes; Fig. 5 is a A view taken similarly to Fig. 3, illustrating a modification; Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic sectional plan of a portion of a coke oven; Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating the temper- 'ature changes occurring at different points in a coking charge shown in Fig. 6, as the coking operation proceeds; Fig. 8 is a section taken similarly to Fig. 1; and Fig. 9 a section'taken similarly to Fig. 2, showing afportion of a coke oven of modified con struction; Fig. 10 is a view taken similarly to Fig. 1 of a portion of another modified construction; Fig. 11 is a view taken similarly to Fig. 2, and showing a portion of another modified construction; Fig. 12 is a' section taken similarly to Fig. 1, illustrating a form, of valve arrangement which may be employed to control the waste gas outflow from the regenerative chambers;

'13 is a section taken on the line 13-43 of Fig. 12; Fig. llkis a coke oven with regenerator arranged generally as in the Otto- Hofiman type, but modified in accordance with the present invention; and Fig.

15 is a section on the line 1919 of Fig. 14, but taken on a larger scale than Fig.- 14.

In the drawings, and referring first to the construction shown in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, A represent parallel, horizontal, elongated coking chambers formed in the coke oven structure. The walls separating the chambers A are made hollow, as usual, to provide heating chambers which are divided up into a series of vertical heating fines B by the partitions C and CC, and open at their upper endsv into the usual common horizontal flue D. E represent slide dampers mounted on the tops of the partition C employed to regulate the port area by which each flue B is connected at its upper end to the common horizontal .fiue D. Advantageously, as shown, the partitions C are enlarged in cross section at their upper ends to initially restrict the communication between the flues B and the flue D and to provide a better support for the slides E. Channels F running from the fines D to the top of the oven structure are provided as usual to permit the adjustment of the slides E, as well as of the gas burner nozzles hereinafter referred to. The passages F are normally closed at their upper ends. In the lower portion of the coke oven structure are located regenerator chambers G which run transversely to the length of the heating chambers and are separated from one another by the transverse partition walls H. In order to obtain the desired structural strength, wall portions I extend across the regenerative spaces be- .tween the division walls H and beneath the heating wall between the chambers A. Large ports or passages I are formed in the wall portions I, however, so that the latter do not interfere with the practical continuity of the transversely running regenerative chambers. Each fine B is connected at the bottom in the particular form shown in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, with two regenerative chambers, and each regenerative chamber is connected by two passages g to two different fines for a reason hereinafter explained. Gas burner pipes J are located in passages formed in the oven structure beneath the fines B and supply gas through the ported nipples J and burner nozzles is into burner chambers K opening one into the bottom of each line B. With the arrangement of air passages g and burner chambers K shown, the air enters the fiues at an inclination which insures 'an active combustion in the bottom of the flues thus tending to avoid an overheating of the upper part of the oven and the consequent destruction of thebyproducts and deposits of carbon in the roof of the oven which are experienced when insufiicient combustion occurs at'the bottoms of the flues. Air supply pipes M are increase L. In the cylindrical body portion of each.

passage is located the air supply pipe M and the slots L receive the lateral extending nozzles or nipples m carried by the pipe. The passages L open to the regenerative chambers G .at one or both sides of each passage L through ports L in line with the nozzles p The air supply pipes M as well as the burner pipes J are arranged in alined pairs extending into the oven structure or battery from its opposite sides and are preferably 'removably mounted in place so that they may be withdrawn for cleaning and to permit the thereto to be adjusted or replaced.

As shown in Fig. 3, the nozzles m of'each air supply pipe M are arranged to supply air to alternate regenerative chambers G, and the nozzles m on adjacent pipes M are staggered so that each pipe M discharges air into the regenerative spaces alternating with the regenerative spaces supplied with air from the immediate adjacent pipe M. The regenerative chambers communicate at their lower ends through ports P formed in the bottom wall of the regenerative chamber with waste gas sole channels N which are arranged in alined pairs, one pair beneath each coking chamber,- the alined channels being separated by a central transverse division wall NA. Preferably, as shown, each sole channel N is connected to the similar channels along side of it by ports at large in aggregate cross section so that the sole channels at each side of the wall NA unite to form one large chamber practically underlying the one half of the oven structure. Each of the chambers thusformed' by the sole channels N at one side of the wall NA is connected'as by the short elbow pipe sections Q at the side of the battery to a corresponding main off heat flue Q. llhe two oil heat Hues Q are shown as connected at the end of the battery to a common stack flue by a reversing valve RQ of the usual type. Similarly each pipe M is connected as shown in Fig. 2 at the corresponding side of the coke oven structure through an valved connection M to a corresponding air supply pipe M and" the two air supply pipes M are connected at the end of the'battery to the'main air supply pipe M through the usual reversing valve RM. Th

e burner pipes J are each connected at the correspond structure through an individual valved connection to the coring side of the coke oven responding gas supply pipe read the supply pipes J at the opposite sides of the coke nozzles or nipples connected to one regenerative chamber individual amount of oven structure are connected at the ends of the battery to the main gas supply pipe J through the reversing valve lR-J.

-l Vith the apparatus described, in one condition of operation the reversing valves RM,

RJ and RQ, are so setthat air and gas will be supplied to the lower ends of each group of dues in any one heating wall at one side, say the left hand side of the partitions CC,

while the heating gases collected from these groups of fines by the horizontal fines D and passing from the fines D through the groups of flues B at the right of the partition CC down tothe regenerative spaces at the right hand side of the battery will, afterpassing through these regenerative spaces and the chamber formed by the corresponding sole channels N, escape from the oven structure through the elbow pipes vQ; and the pipe Q, at the right hand side of the battery. In this condition of operation there will be no flow through the conduit Q, pipes Q and collecting chamber formed by the sole channel N at the left hand side of the battery. After operating in this manner for the usual period, the reversing valves are shifted and combustion then occurs at the bottoms of the fines in the groups in which the heating gases previously descended and the heating gases then descend in the groups of dues in which the heating gases previously ascended.

With the apparatus described it will be apparent that each tlue B in each heating wall receives air from and discharges'waste heating gas into a pair of regenerative chainbers G different from the pairs of regenerative chambers G supplying air to and receiving waste heating gas from the other dues in the same wall and that all the corsupplied to any one regenerative chamber without changing the amount of air simuL taneously supplied to the other regenerative chambers at the same side of the wall NA changes the volume of air supporting combustion supplied to two adjacent heating ilues B in each heating wall without disturbing the air supplied to any other of the dues B. It .will of course be understood that when the amount of air thus supplied is altered the gas supplied to the corresponding dues B through the burner pipes J should be correspondingly varied. The arrange ment described thus makes it possible to independently regulate the heating effect of the different lines B in each heating wall tween each adjacent pair of regenerative spaces G "formed one by the two channels 9 among the difi'erent flues B in which these gases descend from the horizontal flues D is effected and may be solely regulated 'by the sizes of the various ports P regulating the escape of the waste gases from the regenerative spaces 'G. I find it convenient, however, to obtain the desired distribution of the descending .gases in part by the proper proportioning of the ports P and in part by the readily-adjustable slides or dampers E at the tops of the flues B. \Vith the regu- 1 .lating provisions described it is thus pos sible to insure that each flue B receives the desired portion of the total volume of heating gas passing through each heating wall with either direction of How. The great value of this accurate regulation of the distribution'of the heating gases through the different flues will be apparent from the following considerations: To properly coke the charge in each coking chamber requires a considerable period of time, usually about eighteen or twenty hours in the type of oven shown, and during this coking operation it 4 is desirable that the heating up of each charge should proceed in a uniform manner; that no portion of the charge should be raised to an excessive temperature; and

1 that at the end of the coking operation the entire mass of coke should be atsubstantially the same temperature, and that, the maximum temperatureattained by the charge or any portion of it during'the coking oper- 'ation. The problem of properly heating the charge is complicated also by the fact that the coking chambers are ordinarily not parallel sided prisms, but are thicker at one end than at the other. The difierence in thickness of the ends of the coking chamber results in a corresponding, though reverse, tapering in the thickness of the walls between the coking chambers in which the heating flues B are located. In view of this fact the proper heating of the charge being coked does not involve uniform heating along the sides of the coking chambers as is ordinarily stated, but rather such a transfer of heat to the charge that the coking at all points along the plane midway between the sides of the charge will be completed at the same time. The coking operation, as is well known, is a progressive operation, and proceeds from the outside of the charge in- Thethe retorts and heating walls it is'common in this type of oven to make the group of heating flues in each heating wall through which the heating gases ascend different in number or in size or in both respects from the group of heating flues in the wall in whichthe heating gases simultaneously descend, so that more heat per unit of area will be transferred to each unit of surface area of the sides of. the charge at its wide end than at its narrow end. For instance, as shown in Figs. 1 to 4, there are more flues B at the right hand side of the division wall CA between the two groups of flues than there are on the left hand side of the wall. In the diagrammatic sectional plan shown in Fig. 6, this tapering in width of the coking chamber AA and the reverse tapering of the wall separating adjacent coking chambers and containing the heatwhile 3- represents a point at the center of the charge and 4 a point adjacent the heating wall at the narrow end of the coking chamber.

In the diagram shown in Fig. 7 the abscissa: represent the periods of time during which the coking operation is carried out, and the ordinates represent the temperature to which the coking charge is subjected. 10, 40 and 2030 are curves illustrating the approximate manner in which the temperatures at the points 1, 4;, and 2 and 3 should vary during the coking operation in order to avoid over-heating at any point in the charge, on the one hand, and on the other hand to complete the coking of all portions of the charge, and to bring all portions of the charge to the fina-l maximum temperature at the end of the coking operation.

Heretofore where each group of flues have been connected to a single regenerative space or to a single collecting and distributing channel extending longitudinally of the coking chamber and communicating directly with the lower ends of the group of fines, it.

naiaaae reference to their regulating effect on the descending flow of the heating gases through the flues below them. Since with this form of apparatus and mode of use the dampers E serve as a supplemental means,

and not as the sole means for regulatingthe distribution of the descending currents of heating gases, the parts may be so relatively proportioned that under the conditions of pressure and velocity at which the air and combustible gas are supplied, the dampers E will have but a comparatively small effect on the distribution of the ascending heating gases, and this modifying efiect of the dampers E onthe distribution of the as cending heating gases may be compensated for, moreover, by suitable adjustments of the air supply nozzle m, the gas supply nipples j and the burner nozzles 70. With the apparatus disclosed it is also possible, and may sometimes be desirable in practice, to

adjust these dampers with sole reference to their effect on the ascending streams of heating 'gases disregarding, in this case, the effect of the dampers E on the descending streams of the heating gases.

With the apparatus shown in Figs. 1 to 4 operating as hereinbefore described all of the regenerative spaces Gr "are employed for preheating air, and the combustible gas supplied through the burner pipes J' is not preheated. This is preferable and indeed neces- ,p sary when the burnercombustible gas is a rich gas such as' coke oven gas which would be injured by preheating, andmoreover, s

small in volume in comparison with the airwith which, it unites in combustion. When a less rich combustible gas, such as producer gas, is employed, the character and greater relative volume of the gas makes it desirable to preheat the gas. It is one of the advantages of the apparatus illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4 that it may be used without change, except perhaps in the adjustment of the readily adjustablefiow distribution reg ulating devices, and *in the conduit connections external to the oven structure proper, to preheat and burn producer gas.

When producer gas is to be'preheated. and burned in such an oven structure as is shown in Figs. l. to 4, the externalair and gas supply connections may be modified so that alternate pipesM and consequently alternate regenerative spaces G are supplied with air while the intermediate pipes M and regenerative spaces G are supplied with producer gas first at one side and then at the other side of the battery. The heating gases pass downgfrom the "heating lines into allof the regenerative chambersiat the corre-' sponding side of the battery. Combustion ative spaces.

In Fig, 5 I. have illustrated apparatus adapted for alternative operation either with a cool rich combustible gas or with a poorer and preheated gas, and requiring but the manipulation of a few valves to change from the one kind of fuel gas to the other.

The apparatus shown in Fig. 5 is identical with that shown in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, except that the burner pipes M at each sideof the battery instead of'all being connected to a common supply pipe M are connected alternately to supply pipes MA and supply-pipes MB. The two supplypipes A are each connected t0 the main supplypipe M by the reversing'valve RM, and the I the ends of the burner supply pipes J are connected. Withthis apparatus when the pipe J supplies a poor gas as producer gas,

the valved connections J and M are closed and the connection M is open, and when the pipe J supplies a rich gas as coke oven gas or natural gas, the valved connections J and M are open and the conriection M is closed. I

lfn Figs. 8 and 9 Ihave shown a coking oven structure in which the walls lA and HH are arranged to provide a regenerative chamber GA; beneath and individual to each heating flue B, the construction in this respect being identical with that disclosed in my prior application, Serial No.1 712,377, filed July 31, 1912. In this formpf the invention the air supply pipes M may be arranged in the alternate wall portions llA separating the rows of regenerative chamhers or cells GA and formed each with nozzlesm one for each of the regenerative chamhers GA at. each side of the wall IA. receiving the air supply pipe M. As shown in' Figs. 8 and 9 the channels ga connect the regenerative spaces GA to the fines B gennot part of the present invention, and is fully disclosed in said prior application.

With this arrangement the distribution of burning gases may be controlled by the air nozzles m and burner nozzles y'a. With the construction shown in Figs. 8 and 9 there must be at least as many air nozzles m as there are lines B. This, while preferable and shown in the constructions of Figs. 1 to 5, is not essential, for with the transversely running regenerators of Figs. 1 to 5 the air may be supplied to each through regulated supply ports substantially less in number than the number of coking chambers heated in part by the air passing through each regenerator.

The modification shown in Fig. 10 differs from the dorm oi apparatus shown in Figs. 1 to at, inclusive, only in that the slide dampers EA are provided for regulably throttling the channel 9. The dampers EA may serve as the sole means for regulating the distribution or the hot gases descending through the fines B or they may operate in conjunction with dampers E as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 or 'with the restricted and graduated arrangement of outlet ports P from the bottoms of the regenerators.

In the modification shown in Fig. 11, the structure differs from that shown in Figs. 1 to 4., inclusive only in that each flue BA is sub-divided'into two flues by a partition 0 and the walls HB dividing the transversely running regenerative chambers GB are located beneath and extend into contact with the main partition wall CA separating the flues BA.

Instead of employing suitably proportioned passages in the brick work itself to regulate the discharge of the waste gases from the regenerative spaces, 1 may employ the construction illustrated in Figs. 12 and 13, wherein a metallic conduit box S is arranged in the sole channel NB beneath each groupmf heating fines. This conduit box S is formed with apertures S at its top opening one into each of the superimposed regenerative chambers GC, which may be transversely running regenerators as shown" in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, or cell regenerators as shown in Figs. 8 and 9. The flow through the ports S is controlled by bricks or plates 8 of suitable material arranged one beneath each port S and formed with a registering aperture 8' substantially smaller than the aperture S. The bricks or perforated plates 3 are mounted on flanges or shelves se cured to the sides of the conduit box S. It

or substitution of the perforated plates to secure the desired flow regulation. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the use of metallic conduit boxes for this purpose is permitted by the fact that the waste gases do not enter the boxes until after their final discharge from the regenerative chambers in which they give up the greater portion of the-heat contained in them when they leave the heating flues.

In Figs. 14 and 15 I have illustrated an arrangement for obtaining the desired regulation of the flow of the heating gases through the different fines in a coke oven structure having a single pair of transversely running regenerators GD. The coke oven structure shown in Figs. 14: and 15 differs from the ordinary. Otto-Hoffman type of oven in, having two channels U and UA beneath each set of heating fines B, and in having ports leading to the bottom of each heating flue, one W from the channel U and the other W from the channel UA, each of these ports being regulable by a corresponding slide damper EB located at the bottom of the corresponding flue B. Valves X and XA are located in the connections between the channels U and UA and the corresponding regenerative chamber GD. Combustible gas is supplied to the flues B by pipes JB the supply ports KA being regulated by slides EC. In operation the various valves X and XA are so set that of the two channels U and the two channels UA beneath each heating wall one of the channels U and the channel UA on the other side of the division wall CC therefrom are in communication each with the regenerator beneath it, while the other channel U and the other channel UA are each disconnected from the regenerator beneath it. When the direction of flow through the regenerators and heating lines is to be reversed, the previously open valves X and XA are closed, and the previously closed valves X and XA are opened. In operation'air passes into the channel U which is in open communication with the regenerator GD beneath it, and passes from the channel U up through the passage W into the lines B wherein combustion occurs. The burning gases after passing over the division wall CC and descending through the fines B at the far side of the latter then pass through the channels'W' into the cornarrates responding channel UA, which is in open communication with the regenerator GD beneath it,

With each of the forms of apparatus disclosed it is possible to obtain. a regulation of the distribution of flow of the heating gases through the difierent heating flues not heretofore obtained in the type of regenerative coke oven having its fines artill ranged as shown herein. With all of the forms of apparatus disclosed herein this regulated distribution is obtained without the need for any adjustment of the flow regulating devices when the reversal in flow occurs other than the operation of simple reversing valves.

While in accordance with the provisions of the statutes 1 have illustrated the best forms of my invention now known to me, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many changes may be made in the form of the apparatus disclosed without departing from. the spirit of my invention, and that certain features of invention disclosed herein may sometimes be used with advantage without a corresponding use of other features, Having now described my invention, what l claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. The method of regulating the distribution of the heating gases among the heating fines of a regenerative coke oven of the type in which the heating fines are arranged in sets, each consisting of two groups with the dues in' each group connected at one end to the corresponding ends of all the dues in the other group of the same set, which consists-in causing the air entering and the-off gases leaving each group of heating dues to. flow externally of the dues in divided streamsalong flow paths such that the stream of air entering any one due" flows to the flue along a path separate not only from the paths followed by streams of air simultaneously entering other fines in the same group, but alsoseparate from. the path of How followed by the off gases leaving the due when the direction of flow therethrough is reversed, and regulating the distribution of flow in one direction through each group oi? fines by regulating the capacity of. the separate paths traversed by the last mentioned :tlow and not traversed by. the flow in the opposite direction through said 'grou'p ef'flues.

2. In a regenerative coke oven, having coking chambers, heatin walls at the sides oi said chambers, two groups of heating fines in each heating wall, a passage to which one end of each ofsaid does is connected and regenerators to which the opposite ends of the flues are connected, the two groups of heating i fiues ineac'h wall being connected to difierent regenerators, the improvement which consists in means for regulating the distribution among the lines of the heating gases passing into them from said passage combined with other means regulating the distribution among the flues of the fluid passing into them from the regenerators.

3. In a regenerative coke oven, having coking chambers, heating walls at the sides of said chambers, two groups of heating dues in each heating wall, a passage to which one end of each of said flues isconnected and regenerators to which the oppopaths of fiow of the fluid withone of the.

two directions of flow of the latter through said groups of lines.

4:. In a regenerative coke oven, having a coking chamber, a heating wall at the side of said chamber, two groups of heatingl flues in said heating wall, and a passage to which one end of each of the tines in both groups is connected, a set of regenerat'ors to which the, opposite ends of the lines in one group are connected, and another set of regeneras tors to which the opposite ends of the lines in the other group are connected, each regenerator being connectedto a part only of the fiues in the group to which the corresponding set of regenerators is connected.

5. In a regenerative coke oven, having coking chambers, heating walls at the sides of said chambers, two groups of heating fines in each heating wall, and a passage to which one end of each of the lines in both I groups is connected, a set of regenerators to which the opposite ends of the fines in one group in each heating wall are connected, and another set otregenerators to which the opposite ends of the dues in the other groups are connected, each regenerator being connected to apart only of the dues in each group to which the corresponding set of re generators is connected and being connected to the correspondingly located flue or fines, in the diflerent heating walls. I

6; in a regenerative coke oven, having a coking chamber, a heating wall at the side of said chamber, two groups of heating lines in said heating wall, and a passage to which one end of each of the fines in both groups is connected, a'set or regenerators to which the opposite ends'ot' the tines in one group are connected, another set of regenerators to which the opposite ends of the flues in the other group are connected, each regenerator being connected to a part only of the fines in the group to which the corresponding set of regenerators is connected, and air supply and gas outlet connections to each regenerator, one at least 9f said connections being regulable.

7. In a, regenerative coke oven, having a coking chamber, a heating wall at the side of said chamber, two groups of heating flues .plyconnections to the regenerators.

'8. In a regenerative coke oven, having coking chambers, lines for heating said chambers, two sets, each comprising a plurality of regenerators to which said fiues are connected, the regenerators in each set beingarranged side by side, and conduits for establishing communication with the regenerators removably inserted in the oven structure and formed each with a series of regulable outlets communicating with 'difi'erent regenerators.

9.]A coke oven structure having incombination a plurality of regenerative spaces and a wall along side of said spaces and formed with channels comprising a tubular body'portion and a radial extension with ports opening from the latter into said spaces and apipe establishing communication with said spaces removably inserted in the body portion of said channel and having ported nipples or nozzles project-ing into said radial extension in register with said ports.

10. In a regenerative coke oven, having a coking chamber, a heating wall at the side of said chamber, two groups of heating flues in said heating wall, and a passage to which one end of each of the fines in both groups is connected, a set of regenerators to which the opposite ends of the flues in one group are connected, and another set of regenerators to which the opposite ends of the fines in the other group are connected, each regenerator being connected to a part only of the fiues in thegroup to which the corresponding set of regenerators is connected, and each regenerator having separate admission and ofitake ports.

11. In a regenerative coke oven, having a plurality of coking'chambers, heating walls at the sides of the chambers, heating fines in eachheating wall, and two sets of regenerators the regenerators of each set being arranged side by side and connected in adjacent pairs to the flues in a corresponding one of said groups, a pairof supply conduits in conjunction with each set of. re-

generators one provided with outlets opening into alternately disposed regenerators and the other with outlets opening into intermediate regenerators.

12. In a regenerative coke oven, having a coking chamber, a heating wall at the side of said chamber, two groups of heating fines in said heating wall, and a passage to which 'one end of the flues in both groups is connected, and two sets of regenerators one for and connected to each of said groups of heating flues and each comprisin a plurality of regenerators arranged si e by side, each of said fiues being connected to an adjacent pair of regenerators and each of said regenerators being connected to a part only of the lines in the corresponding group, means for supplying air to all of the regenerators in one set alternately with the regenerators in the other set, and alternate means for supplying combustible gas to every other regenerator and air to the intermediate regenerators in the one set alternately witha similar supply of air and gas to the renegerators of the other set.

13. Ina regenerative coke oven, having a coking chamber, a heating wall at the side of said chamber, two groups of heating lines in said heating wall, and a passage to which one end of each of the flues in both groups is connected, and two sets of regenerators one for and connected to each of said groups of heating fiues and each comprising a plurality of regenerators arranged side by side, each of said flues being connected to an adjacent pair of regenerators and each of said regenerators being'connected to a part only of the flues in the correspondin group, alternate means for supplying combustible gas to every other regenerator and air to the intermediate regenerators in the one set alternately with a similar supply of air and gas to the re enerators of the other set when both the air and gas are to be preheated, and alternately operative means for supplying air to all of the regenerators in one set alternately with the regenerators of the other set and for supplying combustible gas directly to the regenerator ends of each group of 1lues when only the air is to be preheated.

14. In a coke oven structure, having a coking chamber, a heating wall at the side of said chamber, two groups of heating fiues in said heating wall, and a passage to which one end of each of the dues of both groups is connected, two sets of regenerators one for and connected to each of said groups of heating fines and each

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