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US20120181844A1 - Continuous mining - Google Patents

Continuous mining Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120181844A1
US20120181844A1 US13/132,180 US200913132180A US2012181844A1 US 20120181844 A1 US20120181844 A1 US 20120181844A1 US 200913132180 A US200913132180 A US 200913132180A US 2012181844 A1 US2012181844 A1 US 2012181844A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
extraction
drifts
method useful
continuous
haulage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/132,180
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Fernando Geiter
Fidel Baez
Ernesto Arancibia
Alejandro Moyano
Carlo Cerrutti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
INSTITUTO DE INNOVACION EN MINERIA Y METALURGIA
Corporacion Nacional del Cobre de Chile CODELCO
Original Assignee
INSTITUTO DE INNOVACION EN MINERIA Y METALURGIA
Corporacion Nacional del Cobre de Chile CODELCO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by INSTITUTO DE INNOVACION EN MINERIA Y METALURGIA, Corporacion Nacional del Cobre de Chile CODELCO filed Critical INSTITUTO DE INNOVACION EN MINERIA Y METALURGIA
Publication of US20120181844A1 publication Critical patent/US20120181844A1/en
Assigned to CORPORACION NACIONAL DEL COBRE DE CHILE, INSTITUTO DE INNOVACION EN MINERIA Y METALURGIA reassignment CORPORACION NACIONAL DEL COBRE DE CHILE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BAEZ, FIDEL, GEISTER, FERNANDO, ARANCIBIA, ERNESTO, CERRUTTI, CARLO, MOYANO, ALEJANDRO
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
    • E21F13/04—Transport of mined material in gravity inclines; in staple or inclined shafts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
    • E21F13/06—Transport of mined material at or adjacent to the working face
    • E21F13/066—Scraper chain conveyors

Definitions

  • the present application for invention patent relates to a method of underground mining exploitation which allows for continuous ore extraction. Specifically, it relates to a mining method comprising rock pre-conditioning, as a way to prepare the rock to facilitate its response to caveability and fragmentation and then it relates to an ore material handling system whose main features are: simultaneous extraction from several draw points and haulage with stationary equipment towards main haulage systems. All theses processes are carried out continuously.
  • ground breaking itself is a continuous process of fracturing and fragmentation that makes use of natural forces of gravity and tectonism to achieve its goal. This process occurs naturally as a consequence of the unbalance caused by the extraction of the produced fragments, i.e., each time an amount of fragmented material is drawn, a condition of instability is originated which produces more fracturing and fragmentation, thereby, more ground breaking.
  • material handling which comprises extraction (loading) of ore available at points and its haulage to destination, occurs discreetly and intermittently; discreetly because the extraction is not simultaneously made from every point where ore is available, but rather from just a fraction of them; and intermittently because the extraction is made by wheel loaders working within a cycle which comprises: loading, traveling to dump, unloading and traveling back to load another bucketful.
  • a cycle which comprises: loading, traveling to dump, unloading and traveling back to load another bucketful.
  • such bucketful of ore extracted discreetly and intermittently is dumped into shafts which serve as silos—where it will be loaded again at intervals into rail wagons or trucks to be hauled to the surface.
  • Continuous Mining comprises a stage of modifying the features of the rock mass where the ore deposit is located, the stage being called Pre-conditioning. At this stage, the extent of the rock mass fracturing is increased in situ, in order to obtain, in the following stage of caving, fragmented material in sizes which are compatible with continuous and automated material handling systems.
  • Another main aspect of the pre-conditioning application is to guarantee that the rock breaking will occur at a constant rate and at the same rate as the extraction process.
  • Continuous Mining is conceived as a highly mechanized and automated process which permits to make the most of the resources invested in equipment and infrastructure.
  • the idea is that the mine operates 18 to 22 hours a day, 360 days a year, at full capacity and within an environment complying with high safety and hygiene standards.
  • the Continuous Mining method is rather a mining process of continuous and permanent ore flow from the deposit to the treatment plant, which could be similar to a “rock factory” where at one end, in situ reserves are fed and at the other end “treated rocks” are obtained.
  • the method relates mainly to the continuity of the ore flow from its natural location to its final destination, which can be described as a “flow” of ore which goes through a pipe-network or means of transport without interruptions.
  • Continuous Mining also means of temporal continuity in the use of mine infrastructure.
  • the equipment comprises rotary drills to weaken and fragment the rock mass but later loading equipment is used to carry the ore to the treatment plant.
  • Patent RU2186980 describes a method comprising the exploitation of front faces as ore continuous fragmentation without pillars by driving drills on the work levels.
  • Patent RU2182663 and RU 2148712 which generally describes that caving itself is a continuous process, but if no continuous extraction or loading process is added, this caving processes will became intermittent and discontinuous, which is precisely the solution proposed by the present invention.
  • the method of the present invention comprises the design and construction of exploitation drifts or draw points arranged in such a way that the ore material extracted therefrom is driven to the ore haulage drifts.
  • the construction of exploitation drifts takes into account that haulage drifts cross the center of two groups of exploitation drifts and subsequently through every group of exploitation drifts defined for the exploitation.
  • service drifts should be constructed whose function is to allow personnel to reach the drift zone and service drifts when maintenance jobs and eventual failures are needed.
  • trenches or draw points are arranged where, due the effect of ore fragmentation described below, rock mass detaches and continuous ore caving is induced.
  • Draw point should be constructed in such a way to arrange a regular layout [m1] with determined distances compatible with interactive gravitational flow.
  • necessary equipment is installed for extracting the ore.
  • necessary means are arranged in haulage drifts so that the material extracted from trenches flow permanently through haulage drifts.
  • haulage drifts have for example, belt or chain conveyors, endless and stationary, commonly called “Panzer” for its high resistance to hard works (movement of large, hard and abrasive rocks). The use of this kind of conveyors replaces typical mobile low height loaders or LHD used in conventional mining.
  • An optional way of constructing drifts comprises the construction of a material transferring level located one level downward regarding to the level of exploitation drifts, and consequently, with regard to the level of trenches.
  • This layout allows receiving simultaneously ore material from more than one trench or draw point and accumulating in the duct material falling from the trench; this duct is formed between the trench and transferring levels.
  • by accumulating material in the aforementioned duct allows performing maintenance services in haulage drifts without stopping the exploitation process since the accumulated material can be unloaded afterwards.
  • the method comprises the following stages:
  • this stage is fundamental for the method's success and comprises modifying in situ rock quality, increasing the extent of fracturing until levels which confer rocks features similar to secondary rock mass.
  • Pre-conditioning stage can be achieved by i) hydraulic fracturing, which is a technology known in applications of oil wells exploitation, where it is used to cause fractures which facilitate oil flow from wells, and in the case of metal mining, it generates fractures which facilitate the action of the natural stresses, both for generating caving and for improving granulometry; or by ii) confined blasting which is the combined action of several firings to fracture the rock mass.
  • Primary rock is a highly competent rock mass and massive pre-conditioning or pre-treatment converts it on a material which is easy to cave and fragment by caving exploitation, which could be also called process of “secondarization” for primary ore.
  • Another alternative is carrying out drilling pre-stimulation induced by propellant (solid fuel-based explosive) and then applying the hydraulic fracturing technology in order to propagate the fractures, the latter is a methodology used usually in oil wells.
  • propellant solid fuel-based explosive
  • this stage is the rock mass caving operation by undercutting the base of rock mass by means of known procedures of caving method in well-fragmented rock environment; and its application does not present any innovation for this purpose.
  • induced fracturing in the previous stage (a) it is expected that most of fragments can be processed by the continuous extraction and haulage system.
  • the layout of draw point that should be used will be defined by the rock fragmentation features. For instance, in sectors with fine fragmentation carried out by caving methods, a layout with close points with distances ranging from 8 to 11 meters is required. This point closeness condition, makes it necessary the drifts must be small, in order to maintain the stability of the sector.
  • the known and extensively applied solutions in the world are the extraction with grizzlies and shafts or scrapers, which allow extracting from multiple points and collect the extracted product in haulage drifts.
  • larger layouts with spacing ranging from 13 to 17 meters are used for primary rock sectors, with thick fragmentation. In the conventional system these layouts require using very large LHD equipment and it is not possible to make parallel extraction from those points.
  • this stage is conceived as a simultaneous operation from multiple draw points arranged on a regular layouts at certain distances which are compatible with the interactive gravitational flow.
  • each draw point is equipped with a stationary extraction unit which feeds a collecting system that conveys the ore to the haulage drift by continuous means that leads it to its destination.
  • the extraction and haulage equipments have an automatic command—assisted by a remote driver operated from a control room as in any modern industry.
  • crushers could be installed at the end of the collecting systems to produce in the mine the final feeding size for the plant.
  • wheel loaders are not used because they are replaced by continuous loading systems.
  • stationary “feeders” that unload continuous conveyors can be considered.
  • the main haulage alternative used is a metal belt conveyor (panzer) in which the preliminary assessments show lower operation costs compared to the traditional raildrift haulage system.
  • each loading system extracts ore from a set of draw points (generally 16 draw points per equipment) at the rate of 200 t/hour.
  • draw points generally 16 draw points per equipment
  • Approximately 250 m 2 influence area is associated to each extraction point so a 16 point module comprises approximately 4,000 m 2 , thus in a maximum operation of 15 hours a day an extraction of 3,000 t equivalent to 0.75 tpd/m 2 can be achieved.
  • the extraction is made regularly, less than 200 t a day is drawn from each point which is equivalent to using less than one hour daily (let us remember that LHD can draw 200 t/hour).
  • Continuous Mining aims to improve these figures by increasing the use of extraction points to an average of 16 hours daily (two operation shifts and one maintenance shift) with a 40 t/hour production per stationary extractor.
  • the achievable extraction rate in the caving propagation stage can reach 300 mm/day which is equivalent to approximately 0.8 tpd/m 2 and theoretically there are no limitations for the gravitational extraction stage post propagation except the extraction capacity, that in the invented system could reach rates above 3 tpd/m 2 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US13/132,180 2008-11-28 2009-11-25 Continuous mining Abandoned US20120181844A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CL3560-2008 2008-11-28
CL2008003560A CL2008003560A1 (es) 2008-11-28 2008-11-28 Metodo para la extraccion continua de mineral en faenas subterraneas, destinado a la produccion permanente de extraccion desde los puntos de explotacion, comprende construir galerias de explotacion, en que por el centro definido por un grupo de galerias atraviesa una calle para transportar mineral, y preacondicionamiento de roca.
PCT/IB2009/007556 WO2010061274A1 (fr) 2008-11-28 2009-11-25 Exploitation minière continue

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20120181844A1 true US20120181844A1 (en) 2012-07-19

Family

ID=42077378

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/132,180 Abandoned US20120181844A1 (en) 2008-11-28 2009-11-25 Continuous mining

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US20120181844A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2370673B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102264998A (fr)
AP (1) AP3679A (fr)
AU (3) AU2009321259A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2745066C (fr)
CL (1) CL2008003560A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2011005722A (fr)
PE (1) PE20120378A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL2370673T3 (fr)
RU (2) RU2702494C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010061274A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014172799A1 (fr) * 2014-02-26 2014-10-30 Basualto Lira Guillermo Chargeur-transporteur réciproque pour les points d'extraction dans les mines par effondrement
US20180080320A1 (en) * 2015-12-11 2018-03-22 Datong Coal Mine Group Co., Ltd Method for over-pit and under-pit cooperative control of roofs of far and near fields of an extra-large stoping space
CN112031771A (zh) * 2020-09-18 2020-12-04 玉溪矿业有限公司 一种施工安全的切割槽拉槽方法
CN112253111A (zh) * 2020-09-18 2021-01-22 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 自然崩落采矿法
CN114233258A (zh) * 2021-12-08 2022-03-25 核工业二三O研究所 一种难地浸砂岩铀矿储层改造的压裂方法
CN118220741A (zh) * 2024-05-22 2024-06-21 鄂尔多斯市神传矿用设备制造有限公司 一种煤矿开采用煤炭输送设备

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102278114B (zh) * 2011-09-01 2013-01-23 长沙矿山研究院 立体分区大量崩矿采矿方法
EP3090968A1 (fr) 2015-05-07 2016-11-09 Caterpillar Global Mining Europe GmbH Système de manipulation de matériau et son procédé de fonctionnement
CN109458180B (zh) * 2018-09-17 2020-07-14 东北大学秦皇岛分校 一种与地下仓库建设相结合的采矿方法及通风降温系统
RU2712848C1 (ru) * 2019-05-08 2020-01-31 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Российский Федеральный ядерный центр - Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной физики" (ФГУП "РФЯЦ-ВНИИЭФ") Способ подземной разработки месторождений полезных ископаемых
CN112414237B (zh) * 2020-10-28 2022-09-16 云南迪庆有色金属有限责任公司 一种自然崩落法拉底过坚硬围岩处理方法
CN113431581B (zh) * 2021-07-26 2022-02-22 中南大学 一种深部硬岩矿体非爆破机械化智能开采方法
CN115680761B (zh) * 2023-01-05 2023-04-07 山西冶金岩土工程勘察有限公司 多层采空区分段注浆治理施工工艺

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US2536869A (en) * 1946-06-22 1951-01-02 Philip B Bucky Mining method
US3707307A (en) * 1970-12-11 1972-12-26 Harry Kristoffersson Methods in mining by sublevel caving
US3897107A (en) * 1972-06-28 1975-07-29 Luossavaara Kiirunavaara Ab Method of mining
US4072352A (en) * 1974-08-20 1978-02-07 Erik Ingvar Janelid Method for mining of rock or ore according to the block caving principle in massive formations
US4377310A (en) * 1980-05-06 1983-03-22 Gubin Ivan P Method of underground working of ore deposits and handling ore
US4938536A (en) * 1989-11-22 1990-07-03 Lee Raymond C Conic mass caving structure and method
US7350874B2 (en) * 2003-06-23 2008-04-01 Dbt Gmbh Method and device for extracting extraction products in underground mining
US7779984B2 (en) * 2005-09-09 2010-08-24 Bucyrus Dbt Europe Gmbh Arrangement for extracting extraction products in underground extraction operations in caving

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RU2247607C2 (ru) * 2003-05-12 2005-03-10 Акционерная компания "АЛРОСА" (ЗАО) Комплекс сухой концентрации алмазосодержащей кимберлитовой руды
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RU2283430C1 (ru) * 2005-05-05 2006-09-10 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный горный институт им. Г.В. Плеханова (технический университет)" Способ разработки мощных крутых пластов полезных ископаемых
CN100497886C (zh) * 2006-05-31 2009-06-10 段连权 柱式开采回收煤柱的采煤工艺

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1967115A (en) * 1932-06-13 1934-07-17 Louis F Gerdetz Method of mining coal
US2536869A (en) * 1946-06-22 1951-01-02 Philip B Bucky Mining method
US3707307A (en) * 1970-12-11 1972-12-26 Harry Kristoffersson Methods in mining by sublevel caving
US3897107A (en) * 1972-06-28 1975-07-29 Luossavaara Kiirunavaara Ab Method of mining
US4072352A (en) * 1974-08-20 1978-02-07 Erik Ingvar Janelid Method for mining of rock or ore according to the block caving principle in massive formations
US4377310A (en) * 1980-05-06 1983-03-22 Gubin Ivan P Method of underground working of ore deposits and handling ore
US4938536A (en) * 1989-11-22 1990-07-03 Lee Raymond C Conic mass caving structure and method
US7350874B2 (en) * 2003-06-23 2008-04-01 Dbt Gmbh Method and device for extracting extraction products in underground mining
US7779984B2 (en) * 2005-09-09 2010-08-24 Bucyrus Dbt Europe Gmbh Arrangement for extracting extraction products in underground extraction operations in caving

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014172799A1 (fr) * 2014-02-26 2014-10-30 Basualto Lira Guillermo Chargeur-transporteur réciproque pour les points d'extraction dans les mines par effondrement
US20180080320A1 (en) * 2015-12-11 2018-03-22 Datong Coal Mine Group Co., Ltd Method for over-pit and under-pit cooperative control of roofs of far and near fields of an extra-large stoping space
CN112031771A (zh) * 2020-09-18 2020-12-04 玉溪矿业有限公司 一种施工安全的切割槽拉槽方法
CN112253111A (zh) * 2020-09-18 2021-01-22 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 自然崩落采矿法
CN114233258A (zh) * 2021-12-08 2022-03-25 核工业二三O研究所 一种难地浸砂岩铀矿储层改造的压裂方法
CN118220741A (zh) * 2024-05-22 2024-06-21 鄂尔多斯市神传矿用设备制造有限公司 一种煤矿开采用煤炭输送设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AP3679A (en) 2016-04-17
MX2011005722A (es) 2012-06-01
CL2008003560A1 (es) 2009-05-04
CA2745066C (fr) 2018-10-23
EP2370673B1 (fr) 2019-02-27
AU2018202700A1 (en) 2018-05-10
RU2015126488A (ru) 2018-12-24
WO2010061274A1 (fr) 2010-06-03
AU2016222451A1 (en) 2016-09-29
PL2370673T3 (pl) 2019-12-31
RU2702494C2 (ru) 2019-10-08
AU2009321259A1 (en) 2011-06-30
RU2011124898A (ru) 2013-01-10
PE20120378A1 (es) 2012-04-26
RU2015126488A3 (fr) 2019-02-12
EP2370673A1 (fr) 2011-10-05
AP2011005750A0 (en) 2011-06-30
CA2745066A1 (fr) 2010-06-03
CN102264998A (zh) 2011-11-30

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