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EP2370673B1 - Exploitation miniere continue - Google Patents

Exploitation miniere continue Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2370673B1
EP2370673B1 EP09806186.4A EP09806186A EP2370673B1 EP 2370673 B1 EP2370673 B1 EP 2370673B1 EP 09806186 A EP09806186 A EP 09806186A EP 2370673 B1 EP2370673 B1 EP 2370673B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
extraction
drifts
haulage
ore
level
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP09806186.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2370673A1 (fr
Inventor
Fernando Geister
Fidel Baez
Ernesto Arancibia
Alejandro Moyano
Carlo Cerrutti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
INSTITUTO DE INNOVACION EN MINERIA Y METALURGIA
Corporacion Nacional del Cobre de Chile CODELCO
Original Assignee
INSTITUTO DE INNOVACION EN MINERIA Y METALURGIA
Corporacion Nacional del Cobre de Chile CODELCO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by INSTITUTO DE INNOVACION EN MINERIA Y METALURGIA, Corporacion Nacional del Cobre de Chile CODELCO filed Critical INSTITUTO DE INNOVACION EN MINERIA Y METALURGIA
Priority to PL09806186T priority Critical patent/PL2370673T3/pl
Publication of EP2370673A1 publication Critical patent/EP2370673A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2370673B1 publication Critical patent/EP2370673B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
    • E21F13/04—Transport of mined material in gravity inclines; in staple or inclined shafts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
    • E21F13/06—Transport of mined material at or adjacent to the working face
    • E21F13/066—Scraper chain conveyors

Definitions

  • the present application for invention patent relates to a method of underground mining exploitation which allows for continuous ore extraction. Specifically, it relates to a mining method comprising rock pre-conditioning, as a way to prepare the rock to facilitate its response to caveability and fragmentation and then it relates to an ore material handling system whose main features are: simultaneous extraction from several draw points and haulage with stationary equipment towards main haulage systems. All theses processes are carried out continuously.
  • Overall mining process comprises two major stages: rock fracturing and its subsequent haulage.
  • the aim of the first stage is to transform the solid material - which is the natural state of ore deposit - into fragmented material, and the aim of the second stage is to haul such fragments to their final destination.
  • ground breaking itself is a continuous process of fracturing and fragmentation that makes use of natural forces of gravity and tectonism to achieve its goal. This process occurs naturally as a consequence of the unbalance caused by the extraction of the produced fragments, i.e., each time an amount of fragmented material is drawn, a condition of instability is originated which produces more fracturing and fragmentation, thereby, more ground breaking.
  • material handling which comprises extraction (loading) of ore available at points and its haulage to destination, occurs discreetly and intermittently; discreetly because the extraction is not simultaneously made from every point where ore is available, but rather from just a fraction of them; and intermittently because the extraction is made by wheel loaders working within a cycle which comprises: loading, traveling to dump, unloading and traveling back to load another bucketful.
  • a cycle which comprises: loading, traveling to dump, unloading and traveling back to load another bucketful.
  • such bucketful of ore extracted discreetly and intermittently is dumped into shafts which serve as silos - where it will be loaded again at intervals into rail wagons or trucks to be hauled to the surface.
  • Continuous Mining comprises a stage of modifying the features of the rock mass where the ore deposit is located, the stage being called Pre-conditioning. At this stage, the extent of the rock mass fracturing is increased in situ, in order to obtain, in the following stage of caving, fragmented material in sizes which are compatible with continuous and automated material handling systems.
  • Another main aspect of the pre-conditioning application is to guarantee that the rock breaking will occur at a constant rate and at the same rate as the extraction process.
  • Continuous Mining is conceived as a highly mechanized and automated process which permits to make the most of the resources invested in equipment and infrastructure.
  • the idea is that the mine operates 18 to 22 hours a day, 360 days a year, at full capacity and within an environment complying with high safety and hygiene standards.
  • the Continuous Mining method is rather a mining process of continuous and permanent ore flow from the deposit to the treatment plant, which could be similar to a "rock factory" where at one end, in situ reserves are fed and at the other end "treated rocks" are obtained.
  • the method relates mainly to the continuity of the ore flow from its natural location to its final destination, which can be described as a "flow" of ore which goes through a pipe-network or means of transport without interruptions.
  • Continuous Mining also means of temporal continuity in the use of mine infrastructure.
  • the equipment comprises rotary drills to weaken and fragment the rock mass but later loading equipment is used to carry the ore to the treatment plant.
  • Patent RU21 86980 describes a method comprising the exploitation of front faces as ore continuous fragmentation without pillars by driving drills on the work levels.
  • Patent RU2 182663 and RU 21487 12 which generally describes that caving itself is a continuous process, but if no continuous extraction or loading process is added, this caving processes will became intermittent and discontinuous, which is precisely the solution proposed by the present invention.
  • the method comprises fracturing an ore body hydraulically by introducing fluid rapidly into a bore or fissure in the ore body such that pressure in the bore or fissure builds up rapidly and it fractures the surrounding ore body.
  • the method of the present invention comprises the design and construction of exploitation drifts or draw points arranged in such a way that the ore material extracted therefrom is driven to the ore haulage drifts.
  • the construction of exploitation drifts takes into account that haulage drifts Cross the Center of two groups of exploitation drifts and subsequently through every group of exploitation drifts defined for the exploitation.
  • service drifts should be constructed whose function is to allow personnel to reach the drift Zone and service drifts when maintenance jobs and eventual failures are needed.
  • trenches or draw points are arranged where, due the effect of ore fragmentation described below, rock mass detaches and continuous ore caving is induced.
  • Draw point should be constructed in such a way to mange a regular layout with determined distances compatible with interactive gravitational flow.
  • necessary equipment is installed for extracting the ore.
  • necessary means are arranged in haulage drifts so that the material extracted from trenches flow permanently through haulage drifts.
  • haulage drifts have for example, belt or chain conveyors, endless and stationary, commonly called “Panzer” for its high resistance to hard works (movement of large, hard and abrasive rocks).
  • Panzer endless and stationary, commonly called “Panzer” for its high resistance to hard works (movement of large, hard and abrasive rocks).
  • the use of this kind of conveyors replaces typical mobile low height loaders or LHD used in conventional mining.
  • An optional way of constructing drifts comprises the construction of a material transferring level located one level downward regarding to the level of exploitation drifts, and consequently, with regard to the level of trenches.
  • This layout allows receiving simultaneously ore material from more than one trench or draw point and accumulating in the duct material falling from the trench; this duct is formed between the trench and transferring levels.
  • by accumulating material in the aforementioned duct allows performing maintenance services in haulage drifts without stopping the exploitation process since the accumulated material can be unloaded afterwards.
  • the method comprises the following stages:
  • the layout of draw point that should be used will be defined by the rock fragmentation features. For instance, in sectors with fine fragmentation carried out by caving methods, a layout with close points with distances ranging from 8 to 11 meters is required. This point closeness condition, makes it necessary the drifts must be small, in order to maintain the stability of the sector.
  • the known and extensively applied solutions in the world are the extraction with grizzlies and shafts or scrapers, which allow extracting from multiple points and collect the extracted product in haulage drifts.
  • larger layouts with spacing ranging from 13 to 17 meters are used for primary rock sectors, with thick fragmentation. In the conventional system these layouts require using very large LHD equipment and it is not possible to make parallel extraction from those points.
  • the main haulage alternative used is a metal belt conveyor (panzer) in which the preliminary assessments show lower operation costs compared to the traditional raildrift haulage system.
  • each loading system extracts ore from a set of draw points (generally 16 draw points per equipment) at the rate of 200 t/hour.
  • draw points generally 16 draw points per equipment
  • Approximately 250 m 2 influence area is associated to each extraction point so a 16 point module comprises approximately 4,000 m 2 , thus in a maximum operation of 15 hours a day an extraction of 3,000 t equivalent to 0.75 tpd/m 2 can be achieved.
  • the extraction is made regularly, less than 200 t a day is drawn from each point which is equivalent to using less than one hour daily (let us remember that LHD can draw 200t/hour).
  • Continuous Mining aims to improve these figures by increasing the use of extraction points to an average of 16 hours daily (two operation shifts and one maintenance shift) with a 40 t/hour production per stationary extractor.
  • the achievable extraction rate in the caving propagation stage can reach 300 mm/day which is equivalent to approximately 0.8 tpd/m 2 and theoretically there are no limitations for the gravitational extraction stage post propagation except the extraction capacity, that in the invented system could reach rates above 3 tpd/m 2 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé pour l'extraction continue de minerai dans le cadre de travaux souterrains destinés à la production permanente par extraction à partir de points ou de tranchées de prélèvement, comprenant la construction de galeries de taille réduite, une galerie destinée au transport de minerai passant par le centre défini par un groupe de galeries, la galerie de transport croisant successivement tous les groupes de galeries définis sur une face d'exploitation, des points d'extraction étant conçus de manière à présenter une configuration régulière à certaines distances compatibles avec un flux gravitationnel interactif ; les étapes suivantes étant exécutées une fois que les galeries, tranchées et galeries de transport sont construites :
    a. préconditionnement consistant à modifier sur place la roche en augmentant son degré de fracture jusqu'à atteindre les niveaux permettant de transformer sur place la roche en une roche présentant des caractéristiques de masse rocheuse secondaires, la modification comprenant une combinaison de fracturation hydraulique et d'affaiblissement dynamique par explosifs,
    b. Excavation consistant à excaver la masse rocheuse en exploitant sa base par des processus bien connus dans un environnement rocheux fragmenté, et
    c. Extraction consistant dans le fonctionnement simultané à partir de plusieurs points de prélèvement définis pendant l'étape de construction d'une galerie d'exploitation.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel, une fois que les tranchées ont été construites, des équipements stationnaires sont installés sur les tranchées afin de procéder à l'extraction de minerai.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel, dans les galeries de transport, des moyens de transport permanents sont prévus pour le transport du matériau extrait à partir des tranchées à travers les galeries.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel les moyens prévus dans les galeries de transport sont des bandes transporteuses ou des convoyeurs à courroie à chaîne sans fin, habituellement connus sous le nom de « Panzer » dans le jargon minier.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre la construction d'un niveau pour le transfert de matériau, situé à un niveau inférieur par rapport au niveau défini par les galeries d'exploitation et par conséquent à un niveau inférieur par rapport à un niveau de tranchée.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel une construction d'un conduit est réalisée entre le niveau des galeries d'exploitation et le niveau de transfert, le matériau tombant dans le conduit à partir de la tranchée vers le niveau de transfert, ce qui permet également l'accumulation de matériau.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la configuration régulière est assurée par les points d'extraction à des distances comprises entre 8 et 15 mètres.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'étape de préconditionnement devrait produire une taille de fragments apte à être prélevée et transportée par le système.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel chaque point de prélèvement est pourvu d'une unité d'extraction stationnaire extrayant le minerai à partir de la tranchée et alimentant un système de collecte installé à une sortie de tranchée de manière à transporter le minerai vers la galerie de transport par des moyens continus celui-ci menant à sa destination.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les moyens d'extraction, de collecte et de transport comportent un système de pilotage à distance assisté à commande automatique, actionné depuis une salle de commande.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel des broyeurs sont installés à chaque extrémité d'un système de collecte afin de produire la taille d'alimentation finale d'usine dans la mine.
EP09806186.4A 2008-11-28 2009-11-25 Exploitation miniere continue Active EP2370673B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL09806186T PL2370673T3 (pl) 2008-11-28 2009-11-25 Kondycjonowanie wstępne do urabiania kopalin przez szczelinowanie

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CL2008003560A CL2008003560A1 (es) 2008-11-28 2008-11-28 Metodo para la extraccion continua de mineral en faenas subterraneas, destinado a la produccion permanente de extraccion desde los puntos de explotacion, comprende construir galerias de explotacion, en que por el centro definido por un grupo de galerias atraviesa una calle para transportar mineral, y preacondicionamiento de roca.
PCT/IB2009/007556 WO2010061274A1 (fr) 2008-11-28 2009-11-25 Exploitation minière continue

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2370673A1 EP2370673A1 (fr) 2011-10-05
EP2370673B1 true EP2370673B1 (fr) 2019-02-27

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09806186.4A Active EP2370673B1 (fr) 2008-11-28 2009-11-25 Exploitation miniere continue

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US20120181844A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2370673B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102264998A (fr)
AP (1) AP3679A (fr)
AU (3) AU2009321259A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2745066C (fr)
CL (1) CL2008003560A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2011005722A (fr)
PE (1) PE20120378A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL2370673T3 (fr)
RU (2) RU2011124898A (fr)
WO (1) WO2010061274A1 (fr)

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CN102278114B (zh) * 2011-09-01 2013-01-23 长沙矿山研究院 立体分区大量崩矿采矿方法
WO2014172799A1 (fr) * 2014-02-26 2014-10-30 Basualto Lira Guillermo Chargeur-transporteur réciproque pour les points d'extraction dans les mines par effondrement
EP3090968A1 (fr) 2015-05-07 2016-11-09 Caterpillar Global Mining Europe GmbH Système de manipulation de matériau et son procédé de fonctionnement
CN105545307A (zh) * 2015-12-11 2016-05-04 大同煤矿集团有限责任公司 特大采场空间远近场井上下协同顶板控制方法
CN109458180B (zh) * 2018-09-17 2020-07-14 东北大学秦皇岛分校 一种与地下仓库建设相结合的采矿方法及通风降温系统
RU2712848C1 (ru) * 2019-05-08 2020-01-31 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Российский Федеральный ядерный центр - Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной физики" (ФГУП "РФЯЦ-ВНИИЭФ") Способ подземной разработки месторождений полезных ископаемых
CN112253111B (zh) * 2020-09-18 2025-04-15 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 自然崩落采矿法
CN112031771B (zh) * 2020-09-18 2023-06-06 玉溪矿业有限公司 一种施工安全的切割槽拉槽方法
CN112414237B (zh) * 2020-10-28 2022-09-16 云南迪庆有色金属有限责任公司 一种自然崩落法拉底过坚硬围岩处理方法
CN113431581B (zh) * 2021-07-26 2022-02-22 中南大学 一种深部硬岩矿体非爆破机械化智能开采方法
CN114233258A (zh) * 2021-12-08 2022-03-25 核工业二三O研究所 一种难地浸砂岩铀矿储层改造的压裂方法
CN115680761B (zh) * 2023-01-05 2023-04-07 山西冶金岩土工程勘察有限公司 多层采空区分段注浆治理施工工艺
CN118220741B (zh) * 2024-05-22 2024-07-19 鄂尔多斯市神传矿用设备制造有限公司 一种煤矿开采用煤炭输送设备

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2009321259A1 (en) 2011-06-30
MX2011005722A (es) 2012-06-01
AU2018202700A1 (en) 2018-05-10
CA2745066C (fr) 2018-10-23
US20120181844A1 (en) 2012-07-19
CN102264998A (zh) 2011-11-30
AP2011005750A0 (en) 2011-06-30
CL2008003560A1 (es) 2009-05-04
CA2745066A1 (fr) 2010-06-03
RU2011124898A (ru) 2013-01-10
EP2370673A1 (fr) 2011-10-05
AP3679A (en) 2016-04-17
AU2016222451A1 (en) 2016-09-29
PE20120378A1 (es) 2012-04-26
WO2010061274A1 (fr) 2010-06-03
RU2015126488A (ru) 2018-12-24
RU2015126488A3 (fr) 2019-02-12
PL2370673T3 (pl) 2019-12-31
RU2702494C2 (ru) 2019-10-08

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