US20100279239A1

US20100279239A1 - Boiler structure

Info

Publication number: US20100279239A1
Application number: US12/811,901
Authority: US
Inventors: Ryuhei Takashima; Takuichiro Daimaru; Shigehide Komada
Original assignee: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Current assignee: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority date: 2008-01-23
Filing date: 2008-06-19
Publication date: 2010-11-04
Also published as: TWI434011B; BRPI0822013A2; JP2009174751A; ES2706022T3; MX2010007776A; RU2010129771A; EP2233833B1; BRPI0822013B1; WO2009093347A1; MY152332A; EP2233833A4; CL2008002173A1; RU2461773C2; CN101925780B; TW200933091A; EP2233833A1; JP5022248B2; CN101925780A

Abstract

A boiler structure capable of efficiently alleviating or preventing corrosion and slagging on furnace walls in a furnace is provided. A circulating firing boiler structure is configured so that fuel and combustion air supplied into a furnace (11) from burners (12) disposed at a plurality of positions on furnace walls (11 a) forming a rectangular cross section are combusted so as to form a swirling flow. Air-supplying parts (20) are disposed near flame-affected portions of furnace wall surfaces, where flames formed by the respective burners (12) approach or contact, to form regions having a higher air concentration than the peripheries thereof.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a boiler structure compatible with coal and various fuels containing sulfur.

BACKGROUND ART

To reduce NO_xemissions, some recent boilers for use with fuels such as coal and oil are supplied with air in multiple stages to form a reducing-combustion zone where combustion proceeds in a reducing atmosphere between a main burner and an additional-air supplying portion.
In the reducing-combustion zone, however, furnace wall surfaces are exposed to a severe corrosive environment where hydrogen sulfide, which is a corrosive component, is produced in large amounts. This necessitates maintenance such as spray coating onto furnace walls or regular replacement of furnace wall panels. Another concern is slag deposition, since the reducing-combustion zone is a region with a reducing atmosphere where the thermal load in the furnace is higher.
To cope with such problems, some known techniques are aimed at increasing the oxygen concentration by supplying air toward the wall surfaces of the furnace. According to one such technique, for example, burners are disposed at the four corners in a furnace having a rectangular cross section to form a swirling flow, with each of the burners forming an air flow that is offset toward a furnace wall (for example, see Patent Document 1).
According to a technique disclosed for a pulverized-coal-fired boiler having burners disposed in the centers of furnace walls to produce a circulating firing flame, nozzles are provided to supply a curtain of air or a curtain of exhaust gas for deflecting the flames, thereby preventing slagging around the burners (for example, see Patent Document 2).
Patent Document 1: the Publication of U.S. Pat. No. 6,237,513
Patent Document 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, Publication No. HEI-7-119923

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The conventional technique of Patent Document 1 above, however, cannot effectively increase the oxygen concentration because oxygen contained in the air is consumed before it reaches a target wall surface. In addition, the flow rate at which the air is ejected must be increased to increase the oxygen concentration. This is undesirable because it leads to increased auxiliary power, including that of a compressor.
In the conventional technique of Patent Document 2, a curtain of air or a curtain of exhaust gas must be supplied at a flow rate high enough to deflect the flames. This is similarly undesirable because it leads to increased auxiliary power, including that of a compressor.
Against such a backdrop, efficient alleviation or prevention of corrosion and slagging on furnace walls in a furnace is demanded of a circulating firing boiler structure that is compatible with coal and various fuels containing sulfur and that is configured so that fuel and combustion air supplied into the furnace from burners disposed at a plurality of positions on furnace walls forming a rectangular cross section are combusted so as to form a swirling flow.
An object of the present invention, which has been made in light of the above circumstances, is to provide a boiler structure capable of efficiently alleviating or preventing corrosion and slagging on furnace walls in a furnace.
To solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following solutions.
A boiler structure according to the present invention is a circulating firing boiler structure configured so that fuel and combustion air supplied into a furnace from burners disposed at a plurality of positions on furnace walls forming a rectangular cross section are combusted so as to form a swirling flow. Air-supplying parts are disposed near flame-affected portions of furnace wall surfaces, where flames formed by the respective burners approach or contact, to form regions having a higher air concentration than the peripheries thereof.
With this boiler structure, in which the air-supplying parts are disposed near the flame-affected portions of the furnace wall surfaces, where the flames formed by the respective burners approach or contact, to form the regions having a higher air concentration than the peripheries thereof, the regions having a higher air concentration can be formed by supplying low-flow-rate air, which requires low auxiliary power, to regions where there is concern over corrosion or slagging on the furnace wall surfaces.
In the above invention, the regions having a higher air concentration are preferably formed so as to cover a reducing-combustion zone inside the furnace in a vertical direction. This allows the regions having a higher air concentration to be formed by supplying air at a low flow rate in upper and lower regions where there is concern over corrosion or slagging in the furnace.
In the above invention, the air-supplying parts preferably introduce low-pressure secondary burner air from the adjacent burners through bypass routes. This avoids a significant change in structure or an increase in the number of components, thus simplifying the structure.
In the above invention, the air-supplying parts are preferably disposed around deslagger nozzles. The air-supplying parts can then form the regions having a higher air concentration on the furnace wall surfaces in regions where slagging tends to occur and can also cool the peripheries of deslagger-nozzle insertion units, which are exposed to severe thermal conditions.
According to the invention described above, in the circulating firing boiler structure configured so that fuel and combustion air are combusted so as to form a swirling flow, the air-supplying parts supply air at a low flow rate to the vicinities of the flame-affected portions of the furnace walls, where there is concern over corrosion or slagging, in the furnace to form the regions having a higher air concentration than the peripheries thereof. This boiler structure can therefore maintain a high oxygen concentration on and around the flame-affected portions without the need for a high auxiliary power for increasing the flow rate of the supplied air.
Accordingly, an air layer having a higher oxygen concentration is formed on and around the flame-affected portions in the furnace, so that the reducing atmosphere is partially replaced by an oxidizing atmosphere. As a result, corrosion and slagging can efficiently be alleviated or prevented. The above invention is particularly effective in alleviating slagging of coal-fired boilers and is particularly effective in improving corrosion resistance against hydrogen sulfide of boilers compatible with various fuels containing sulfur.
In addition, if the air used by the air-supplying parts is low-pressure secondary burner air introduced from the adjacent burners through bypass routes, a significant change in boiler structure or an increase in the number of components can be minimized, thus simplifying the structure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a horizontal sectional view of an embodiment of a boiler structure according to the present invention, showing a reducing-combustion zone in a furnace.

FIG. 1B is a perspective view of the embodiment of the boiler structure according the present invention, showing its schematic outline.

FIG. 2A is a sectional view of the furnace, showing an exemplary structure of an air-supplying part disposed on a deslagger-nozzle insertion unit.

FIG. 2B is a diagram as viewed from arrow A of FIG. 2A, showing the exemplary structure of the air-supplying part disposed on the deslagger-nozzle insertion unit.

FIG. 3A is a horizontal sectional view of a first modification of the boiler structure according to the present invention, showing a reducing-combustion zone in a furnace.

FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the first modification of the boiler structure according to the present invention, showing its schematic outline.

FIG. 4A is a horizontal sectional view of a second modification of the boiler structure according to the present invention, showing a reducing-combustion zone in a furnace.

FIG. 4B is a perspective view of the second modification of the boiler structure according to the present invention, showing its schematic outline.

FIG. 5 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a boiler structure that combusts fuel with combustion air supplied in multiple stages.

EXPLANATION OF REFERENCE SIGNS

10: boiler
11: furnace
11 a: furnace wall
12: burner
20: air-supplying part (air-supplying nozzle)
30: deslagger-nozzle insertion unit

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

An embodiment of a boiler structure according to the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings.
Referring to FIG. 5, a boiler 10 combusts fuel by supplying combustion air into a furnace 11 in multiple stages to reduce NO_xemissions. In the multistage supply of this case, the combustion air is supplied into the furnace 11 in two stages, that is, from burner portions Ba that are regions where a plurality of burners 12 are disposed and additional-air supplying portions Aa that are regions where additional-air supplying nozzles 13 are disposed above the burner portions Ba. In the boiler 10, specifically, as a measure against NO_xemissions, the two-stage combustion is performed in a reducing-combustion zone and a complete-combustion zone by initially supplying about 70% of the required amount of combustion air from the burner portions Ba before supplying the rest, namely, about 30%, from the additional-air supplying portions Aa.
Referring to FIG. 1A, for example, the boiler 10 described above is a swirling-combustion boiler in which the furnace 11 has a rectangular cross section. The swirling-combustion boiler 10 is configured so that fuel and combustion air supplied from the plurality of burners 12, which are disposed on furnace walls 11 a, into the furnace 11 are combusted so as to form a swirling flame in the furnace 11.
In the exemplary structure of the 8-cornered furnace shown in FIG. 1A, the burners 12, which are disposed at eight positions in a horizontal cross section, supply fuel and combustion air so as to form two adjacent swirling flows in the furnace 11.
In this embodiment, the boiler 10 includes air-supplying parts 20 disposed near flame-affected portions of the furnace wall surfaces (furnace walls 11 a), where flames formed by the respective burners 12 approach or contact, to form regions having a higher air concentration than the peripheries thereof. Specifically, in the horizontal cross section of the 8-cornered furnace shown in FIG. 1A, one air-supplying part 20 is provided at an appropriate position on each of the furnace walls 11 a, which form, for example, a rectangle; that is, a total of four air-supplying parts 20 are provided.
The formation of the regions having a higher air concentration means formation of regions having a higher oxygen concentration. In these regions, therefore, the reducing atmosphere is replaced by an oxidizing atmosphere.
That is, the air-supplying parts 20 are provided on the furnace walls 11 a in the furnace 11 to supply air at a low flow rate from sites where there is concern over corrosion or slagging, thus forming the regions having a higher air concentration than the peripheries thereof substantially along the wall surfaces. In other words, the regions having a higher air concentration than the peripheries thereof are formed not by supplying air toward the furnace walls 11 a in the regions where there is concern over corrosion or slagging at a relatively high flow rate (for example, 40 m/sec or more), but by supplying air from the air-supplying parts 20 provided on the furnace walls 11 a in the regions where there is concern over corrosion or slagging at a low flow rate (for example, about 10 m/sec).
For example, the air-supplying parts 20 are nozzles for forming the regions having a higher air concentration by supplying low-pressure secondary burner air introduced from the adjacent burners 12 through bypass routes into the furnace 11 at a low flow rate. In a plan view of the furnace 11, the air supplied from the air-supplying parts 20 forms the regions having a higher air concentration along the furnace walls 11 a near the flame-affected portions. In addition, the air-supplying parts 20 are provided in a plurality of stages in the vertical direction of the furnace 11 to cover the reducing-combustion zone inside the furnace in the vertical direction.
In the reducing-combustion zone, not only are the wall surfaces 11 a exposed to a severe corrosive environment, but also there is concern over slag deposition, because this zone is a region where hydrogen sulfide, which is a corrosive component, is produced in large amounts and is also a reducing region where the thermal load in the furnace 11 is higher. In the reducing-combustion zone, therefore, the air-supplying parts 20 are provided in the peripheries of the portions on the furnace walls 11 a where the flames approach or contact, at substantially the same heights as the burners 12. This is because the flame-affected portions of the furnace walls 11 a are formed at substantially the same heights as the burners 12 since the flames are formed so as to extend from the burners 12 substantially in the horizontal direction.
In addition, the flame-affected portions of the furnace walls 11 a are formed at a plurality of positions in the vertical direction because the burners 12 in the reducing-combustion zone are usually provided in a plurality of stages in the vertical direction. Accordingly, the air-supplying parts 20 are provided in the vertical direction in the number of stages that is equal to the number of stages of the burners 12, in other words, the number of stages of the flames formed in the vertical direction. This allows the regions having a higher air concentration to be formed by supplying air at a low flow rate in upper and lower regions where there is concern over corrosion or slagging in the furnace 11.
In the reducing-combustion zone, as a result, the air supplied at a low flow rate from the air-supplying parts 20 provided near the flame-affected portions, which are formed by the burners 12, of the furnace walls 11 a forms the regions having a higher air concentration than the peripheries thereof, so that the air functions as an air layer in the peripheries of the flame-affected portions to insulate the furnace walls 11 a from the flames. This reduces the thermal effect and so on of the flames and also makes the atmosphere partially oxidizing, thus alleviating or preventing corrosion and slagging on the furnace walls 11 a in the regions where the flame-affected portions would otherwise be formed.
In addition, low-flow-rate air, which requires low auxiliary power, can be used because the air-supplying parts 20 supply the air from the vicinities of the flame-affected portions to the peripheries thereof. That is, high-pressure, high-flow-rate air does not have to be supplied using, for example, a compressor that operates with high power, unlike the case where the air is supplied toward a remote position. In particular, the use of low-pressure secondary air introduced from the burners 12 reduces the auxiliary power and also avoids a significant change in structure or an increase in the number of components, thus simplifying the structure.
Referring to FIG. 1B, for example, the air-supplying parts 20 are provided around deslagger nozzles 31 in deslagger-nozzle insertion units 30 between the burner portions Ba and the additional-air supplying portions Aa. The deslagger-nozzle insertion units 30 are devices for removing slag deposited on the furnace walls 11 a. Referring to FIG. 2A, for example, the deslagger-nozzle insertion units 30 clean the furnace walls 11 a with steam ejected from the deslagger nozzles 31, which are inserted in the furnace 11.
That is, it is effective to form the regions having a higher air concentration by supplying air because the deslagger-nozzle insertion units 30 are provided at sites where there is concern over slag deposition because of the high thermal load due to the reducing atmosphere in the furnace 11.
An exemplary structure of the air-supplying parts 20 provided around the deslagger-nozzle insertion units 30 will now be described with reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B.
In FIG. 2A, the deslagger nozzle 31 is attached to the deslagger-nozzle insertion unit 30 by inserting the deslagger nozzle 31 in a nozzle hole 32 extending through the furnace wall 11 a. The deslagger nozzle 31 is supplied with steam to be ejected for removing slag through a steam duct 33. Reference numeral 34 in the drawing denotes a seal member provided between a nozzle body 21 of the air-supplying nozzle (air-supplying part) 20, to be described below, and the deslagger nozzle 31.
The air-supplying nozzle 20, on the other hand, has an air flow channel 22 formed of an annular space between the deslagger nozzle 31 and the nozzle hole 32, and the nozzle body 21 has a circular flange 21 a at one end of its cylindrical shape and is attached to the furnace 11. The nozzle body 21 is fixed to, for example, the circumferential surface of the deslagger nozzle 31 with the seal member 34 disposed therebetween, and the flange 21 a in the furnace 11 faces the furnace wall 11 a so as to be substantially parallel thereto with a predetermined distance therebetween. Hence, air supplied from the nozzle body 21 into the furnace 11 collides with the flange 21 a, thus flowing outward along the furnace wall 11 a around the entire circumference in the circumferential direction.
The air-supplying nozzle 20 has a wind box 23 provided outside the furnace 11. The wind box 23 communicates with the nozzle body 21 in the furnace 11 through the air flow channel 22 to supply air from an air supply 24. In this case, the air supply 24 used is preferably, for example, the low-pressure secondary air introduced from the burners 12, although the primary air or compressed air may be used if necessary.
The air-supplying nozzle 20 can form a region having a higher air concentration along the furnace wall 11 a of the furnace 11 in a region where slagging tends to occur and can also cool the periphery of the deslagger-nozzle insertion unit 30, which is exposed to severe thermal conditions. Accordingly, an air layer having a higher air concentration than the periphery thereof is formed around the furnace wall 11 a in a region where slagging tends to occur, so that a partial oxidizing atmosphere can prevent or alleviate corrosion of the wall surface, thus extending the life of the furnace wall.
In addition, the air supplied into the nozzle body 21 of the air-supplying part 20 flows beside the circumferential surface of the deslagger nozzle 31. The air flow can therefore cool, for example, the seal member 34, which is exposed to severe thermal conditions.
Furthermore, as the air concentration is increased in the vicinity of the furnace wall 11 a, on which the air-supplying nozzle 20 is provided, the oxygen concentration is increased, thus creating an oxidizing atmosphere. The oxidizing atmosphere can alleviate slagging because the melting temperature of slag is increased thereby.
In this boiler structure, the air-supplying parts 20 are disposed near the flame-affected portions of the furnace walls 11 a, where the flames formed by the respective burners 12 approach or contact, to form the regions having a higher air concentration than the peripheries thereof. Because the oxygen concentration is increased around the flame-affected portions, the reducing atmosphere is partially replaced by an oxidizing atmosphere. As a result, corrosion and slagging can be alleviated or prevented, thus extending the life of the wall surfaces. This boiler structure is particularly effective in alleviating slagging of coal-fired boilers and is particularly effective in improving corrosion resistance of boilers compatible with various fuels containing sulfur.
The optimum positions of the air-supplying parts 20 in the horizontal cross section vary depending on the conditions, including the shape of the furnace 11, the positions and number of the burners 12, and the type of swirling flame formed. That is, the regions of the flame-affected portions of the furnace walls 11 a, where the flames formed by the respective burners 12 approach or contact, vary with, for example, the arrangement of the burners 12 and the type of swirling flame formed. Accordingly, the positional relationship between the burners 12 and the air-supplying parts 20 differs between different boiler structures, for example, the 8-cornered furnace shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B and 4-cornered furnaces shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B and FIGS. 4A and 4B.
In the exemplary structure shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the furnace 11 is rectangular, and four burners 12 are disposed on each of the two opposing long sides to form two swirling flows on the left and right. In this case, the burners 12 are tilted toward substantially the centers of the respective swirling flows, that is, toward substantially the centers of squares formed by dividing the rectangle in half, so that the two swirling flows each have a substantially oval shape.
In this case, therefore, the flame-affected portions, where the flames approach or contact, are formed near two corners and the centers of the long sides, and the air-supplying parts 20 are provided at four positions so as to cover these regions.
In an exemplary structure (first modification) shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the furnace 11 is square, and the burners 12 are disposed at four positions offset from the centers of the respective sides to form a single swirling flow. In this case, the swirling flow is formed by the offset of the burners 12 because the burners 12 are directed toward the opposite wall surfaces. In this arrangement of the burners 12, the flames flow toward the vicinities of the centers of the wall surfaces on the downstream side of the swirling flow under the effect of the flames formed on the upstream side.
In this case, therefore, the flame-affected portions are near the centers of the respective sides, and accordingly the air-supplying parts 20 are provided at four positions in the centers of the respective sides so as to cover these regions.
In an exemplary structure (second modification) shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the furnace 11 is square, and the burners 12 are disposed at the four corners to form a single swirling flow. In this case, the flame-affected portions are near the centers of the respective sides, and accordingly the air-supplying parts 20 are provided at four positions in the centers of the respective sides so as to cover these regions.
Thus, the optimum positions of the air-supplying parts 20 may be selected on the basis of, for example, the arrangement of the burners 12.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above; modifications are permitted so long as they do not depart from the spirit of the invention.

Claims

1: A circulating firing boiler structure configured so that fuel and combustion air supplied into a furnace from burners disposed at a plurality of positions on furnace walls forming a rectangular cross section are combusted so as to form a swirling flow,

wherein air-supplying parts are disposed near flame-affected portions of furnace wall surfaces, where flames formed by the respective burners approach or contact, to form regions having a higher air concentration than the peripheries thereof.

2: The boiler structure according to claim 1, wherein the regions having a higher air concentration are formed so as to cover a reducing-combustion zone inside the furnace in a vertical direction.

3: The boiler structure according to claim 1, wherein the air-supplying parts introduce low-pressure secondary burner air from the adjacent burners through bypass routes.

4: The boiler structure according to claim 1, wherein the air-supplying parts are disposed around deslagger nozzles.

5: The boiler structure according to claim 2, wherein the air-supplying parts introduce low-pressure secondary burner air from the adjacent burners through bypass routes.

6: The boiler structure according to claim 2, wherein the air-supplying parts are disposed around deslagger nozzles.

7: The boiler structure according to claim 3, wherein the air-supplying parts are disposed around deslagger nozzles.