Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
  • C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
  • C01B32/30—Active carbon
  • C01B32/312—Preparation
  • C01B32/336—Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
  • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
  • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
  • C10G1/06—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
  • F23G2201/40—Gasification
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
  • F23G2209/26—Biowaste
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

• the present invention relates generally to thermal pyrolysis; more specifically it concerns a method for thermal biomass processing.
• the method in question suffers from too high a power consumption rate due to heat transfer through the wall, a long-time pyrolysis reaction, and a low charcoal adsorption activity (40-50 ml/100 g).
• Another method for thermal processing of vegetable-origin materials is known to comprise loading the material, its pyrolysis, and discharging the solid residue (i.e., charcoal) (cf. USSR Patent No 1,808,003 A).
• the method also suffers from too high a power consumption rate of the process (steam-to-bone-dry wood ratio being (0.6-1.6):1 at 400 to 800° C.), and a low absorbing activity of the resultant charcoal (40 to 50 ml/100 g).
• a method for thermal processing of a biomass is also known, said method being conducting at 650 to 950° C. in the medium of a reducing gas resulting from combusting a hydrocarbon fuel at an air consumption factor ⁇ of from 0.4 to 0.85) (cf. RF Pat. No 2,124,547 A).
• the method also suffers from a high power consumption rate and inadequately high activity of the resultant charcoal (not over 250 ml/100 g).
• Said object is accomplished due to the fact that in a method for thermal processing of a biomass, comprising loading the material in a converter, pyrolyzing said material at a temperature ranging between 650 and 950° C. in the medium of a reducing gas, feeding of steam after the pyrolysis reaction has been completed, and isolating the solid residue, said reducing gas being prepared by combusting a hydrocarbon fuel at an air consumption factor ⁇ ranging from 0.85 to 1.1, and mixing the resultant combustion products together with the biomass pyrolysis gases, the ratio between said gases and said combustion products being (1-3):1.
• Said object is accomplished also due to the fact that once the pyrolysis reaction has been completed, saturated steam is fed at a temperature ranging from 105 and 140° C. and a weight percentage ratio between said saturated steam and the material under processing equal to (0.1-0.25):1.
• the principal reagents of the reducing gas are H 2 , CO, CO 2 , H 2 O, CH 4 , C 2 H 4 , C n H m and hence the rate of the pyrolysis reaction depends (at the same temperature) on the volume concentration of said gas components.
• the composition of the reducing gas may be changed depending on the air consumption factor involved in combusting a hydrocarbon fuel, the higher said factor the higher heat evolution and the content of H 2 O and CO 2 in the fuel combustion products. It has been established by the inventors, the biomass pyrolysis gases emerging from the converter at 220-350° C., contain the same components as the combustion gases (with the factor a of from 0.85 to 1.1) fed from the generator for the biomass pyrolysis.
• the limit weight ratio of the pyrolysis gases and the fuel combustion products viz, (1-3):1 has been found experimentally upon processing the various vegetable-origin materials, the lower limit being conditioned by providing the highest pyrolysis temperatures, and the upper limit, by providing the lowest temperatures.
• the appended Drawing represents a flowsheet diagram of the method for thermal processing of a biomass. Shown in the diagram are: converter 1 , generator 2 , mixer 3 , cooled bin 4 , air blower 5 , and gas blower 6 .
• Arrow A indicates the direction of charging the biomass
• arrow B the direction of steam feeding
• arrow C the direction of discharge of the solid residue
• arrow D the direction of feed of pyrolysis gases to the boiler.
• the method is carried into effect as follows.
• the pre-dried biomass is continuously charged from a feed hopper (not shown) through an air-tight feeder into the converter 1 appearing as a metal housing lined from inside with a refractory material resistant to a reducing medium.
• a reducing gas is fed in a counterflow to the material through a branchpipe and a system of openings (not shown).
• the reducing gas is prepared b mixing the combustion products arriving from the generator 2 , and the biomass pyrolysis gases picked off by the gas blower 6 from the converter 1 at a temperature of 230-350° C., and fed to the mixer 3 .
• the remainder pyrolysis gases are fed for combustion in heat-generating apparatus (e.g., such as boilers).
• Saturated steam is fed at 105-140° C. to the converter 1 downstream along the direction of feed of the material to withdraw a majority of the heat from activated charcoal and at the same time cleans its surface from the remainder hydrocarbons.
• the cooled activated charcoal is from the lower portion of the converter 1 to the bin 4 cooled by the air blower 5 , wherefrom the heated air is fed to the generator 2 for fuel combustion.
• the resultant activated charcoal has a specific surface area (with respect to iodine) ranging from 280 to 500 ml/100 g and a density of from 140 to 180 kg/m 3 .
• Waste products of the wood-working industry first are divided to a particle size of from 15 to 35 mm, then dried and heated by a reducing gas prepared by intermixing the products of combusting a hydrocarbon fuel in the generator at a factor a equal to 0.8, and the pyrolysis gases, the ratio between said gases and the combustion products being 2.8:1.
• the time of the pyrolysis reaction is 25 min.
• Saturated steam having a temperature of 110° C. is fed to the lower portion of the converter 1 , the ratio between the steam and the material being processed being 0.1:1.
• the yield of activated charcoal is 24.8%, a specific surface area (with respect to iodine) equals 286 ml/100 g, optical transmission of the toluene extract, 99.7%, and charcoal density, 173 kg/m 3 .
• the remainder of the pyrolysis gases are fed by the gas blower to the boiler furnace to be combusted there together with an additional amount of fuel fed thereto.
• the smoke fumes are free from 3-4-benzopyrene and carbon monoxide, the content of nitrogen oxides thereof being 34 mg/m 3 .
• the herein-proposed method for biomass processing makes possible using a biomass as a pollution-free fuel, as well as for simultaneous production of activated charcoal having high specific surface area.
• the present invention can find application in the forestry engineering industry for salvage of wood waste products, as well as in farming practice for salvage, in particular, straw, stalks and cops of maize and helianthus, and also husks of millet, rice, cotton, and the like,

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
• Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
• Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (6)

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• 2000
  • 2000-01-12 RU RU2000100568/04A patent/RU2177977C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2000-12-29 AU AU2001227175A patent/AU2001227175A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-12-29 CA CA002395432A patent/CA2395432A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-12-29 WO PCT/RU2000/000548 patent/WO2001051586A2/ru not_active Ceased
  • 2000-12-29 DE DE10085394T patent/DE10085394T1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2000-12-29 ES ES200250050A patent/ES2216695B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-12-29 US US10/181,594 patent/US20030000822A1/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (1)

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