US1833900A - Process of making soap - Google Patents

Description

with the fatty acids.

' since I have found that Patented Dec; 1, 1931 UNITED STATES,

PATENT OFFICE LEs'mar. norm; or mar armour, new roux, assrenon r L'anxm co., me, or

- nurruo, NEW 20m:

PROCESS OF MAKING SOAP No Drawing.

The objects of this invention are to pro;

vide a process of makmg soap, in accordance with which the saponification resulting from the reaction of fats or oils with acaustic alkali' is greatly accelerated by the addition of an amine soap to the materials to be saponified, also to provide a process of this kind in which a hydroxyalkylamine is used to react ,with a fatty acid to form a soap which, in turn reacts with a mixture of cans tic alkali and fats or oils to accelerate the saponification of the fats or oils; also to improve processes of makin soap in other res ects hereinafter specifie t is well known that soaps can be made by the reaction on.fatty acids of certain organic amines of sufficient basicity to combine While soaps can be made with various organic amines, I have found that good results can be obtained by the use of commercial tri-ethanolamine,.

which is a mixture of about 7 per cent triethanolamine, per cent di-ethanolamine and 5 per cent mono-ethanolamine. It will be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit this invention to use in con nection with commercial tri-ethanolamine,

anyof the ethanolammes can be used to accelerate saponification, as well as other hydroxyalkylamines.

The organic amine soap may be made in any suitable or desired manner by reacting upon a fatty acid with any suitable organic to this mixture,

amine, particularly an ethanolamine. The resultin soap in most cases is of semi-liquid or jellyike form. The ingredients for use in making the ordinary soap can be mixed in the same manner as has heretofore been customary, and the ethanolamine soap'is added which is stirred until the amine soap is thoroughly dispersed throughout the mixture. Upon heating the mixture either by the a plication of external heat or by the heat evoli ed by the reaction of the materials, it will be found that the time required to complete the saponification of the mixture thus produced is greatly reduced.

'certain quantity of fatty acid is mixed with Application filed February 7, 1930. Serial No. 426,773.

- I have, for example, found that by the presence of various percentages of ethanolamine cocoanut oil fatty acid soap in a mixture of edible cocoanut 011 and caustic alkali, the rate of saponification is more rapid, if larger! uantities of ethanolamine soa are present.

or example, the time required for the complete saponification of a certain quantity of soda-cocoanut oil soap without the presence of any amine soap required 50 minutes. The time required for complete saponification of the same quantit of ingredients in which 2% per cent of et 'anolamine soap was present, was 27 minutes. By increasing the amount of ethanolamine soap to 10 per cent, the time for complete sa omfication was reduced to 20 minutes, and by using 34 per cent of ethanolamine soap, the time for complete saponification was reduced to 4 minutes. Similar results have been experienced when organic amine soaps of other fatty acids were used in connection with fats or oils of other kinds and caustic alkali. For example, similar results were produced when tri-ethanolamine soap of oleic acid was added to a mixture of edible cocoanut oil and caustic soda, and when ethanolamine soap ofpalmkernelfattyacids is added to palm kernel oil and caustic soda.

I have also found'that it is immaterial whether the ethanolamine soap is first completely made and then added to a mixture of fats or oils and caustic alkali, orwhether a the fats or oils and the ethanolamine then added to this mixture. 'Theseethanolammes form soaps only with fatty. acids, so that a certain-quantity of'ethanolamine soap wil thus be formed by the reaction of the ethanolamine on the'fatty acid in the mixture.

By'then addin the usual caustic alkali to .react-with the ats or oils, similar results are obtained as heretofore described, namely, that the time forcomplete sapomficatlon this process are superior to ordinary soaps as heretofore made from fats or oils of the -mixture is materially reduced, de- 05 caustic alkali, and particularly if larger quantities of ethanolamine soaps are embodied in the soap. Such a soap mixture has been found to have very greatly improved latherin roperties, and is also much more readily so u le in sea water or in other very hard waters than soaps heretoforemade. The. ethanolamine soap contained in the soap thus formed appears to materiall decrease the tendency of the caustic alkai soap, contained in the mixture, to form insoluble soaps with the calcium, magnesium and other hardness constituents of the sea or hard water, and such calcium and ma nesium soaps as are formed are of entirely ifierent texture than those produced by hard water soaps heretofore made and can be readily removed from the skin or from washed articles by rinsing.

While soa s containing larger uantities' of ethanolamine soa (approximate y 20 per cent or '-more of et anolamine soap calculated on the total quantity of themixed soap) have been found particularly desirable for use with hard water or sea water, it will be understood that this process is not limited to the production of hard water soap, since smaller quantities of ethanolamine soap may be used merely to accelerate the manufacture of soaps not intended specifically for use with hard water.

While ethanolamines are the onlyamines I at present commercially available which have and butanolamines, are equlva tion of a mixture of caustic alkali and fats or oils, by carrying on the saponification in the presence of a hydroxyalkylamine-fatty acid soap.

l 3. A process tmcensisting of adding an hydroxyalkyla soap to the materialsto be saponified.-

4. A process of makin soap, which consists of adding a hydroxy lkylamine soap to a saponifiable mixture.

5. A process of accelerating saponification,

which includes adding a tri-ethanolamine soap to the materials to be saponified;

6.'A process of making soap, which includes forming a soap by reacting, upon a .fa'tty acid-with ti'i-ethanolamine, and using the,soap thus formed in a mixture of caustic of accelerating saponificasoda and fats or oils to accelerate saponification.

7. A recess of accelerating saponifidltion, whichv includes the carrying on of the saponification in the presence of a fatty acid and a hydroxyal lamine.

8. A process 0 making soa which consists of adding a hydroxyalky amine tothe materials to be saponified includin fatty acid and then completingthe saponi cation with a caustic alkali.

9. A process of making soap, which includes formin a soap by reacting upon a fatty acid with an ethanolamine, and using the soap thus formed in a mixture of caustic soda and fats or oils to accelerate saponification.

' LESTER F. HOYT.