US1870354A - Photographic gelatine layer - Google Patents
Photographic gelatine layer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1870354A US1870354A US549331A US54933131A US1870354A US 1870354 A US1870354 A US 1870354A US 549331 A US549331 A US 549331A US 54933131 A US54933131 A US 54933131A US 1870354 A US1870354 A US 1870354A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- gelatine
- photographic
- layer
- emulsion
- hardening
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 title description 29
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 title description 29
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 title description 29
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 16
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- ZNZYKNKBJPZETN-WELNAUFTSA-N Dialdehyde 11678 Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1[C@H](C[C@H](/C(=C/O)C(=O)OC)[C@@H](C=C)C=O)NCC2 ZNZYKNKBJPZETN-WELNAUFTSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- ICQNCHSXWNQIHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-oxopropanedial Chemical compound O=CC(=O)C=O ICQNCHSXWNQIHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 102000007469 Actins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000011781 Karyopherins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010062228 Karyopherins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003287 bathing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007775 late Effects 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/30—Hardeners
- G03C1/301—Aldehydes or derivatives thereof, e.g. bisulfite addition products
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improvement in the manufacture of photographic materials and more particularly to a process of hardening the gelatinous emulsion layers on photographic films, plates or papers.
- Another object of the invention are the new photographic materials provided with a gelatine layer prepared according to the in- 1 vention.
- the afterhardenin can considerably be reduced by using dial ehydes as hardening agents for photographic gelatine emulsions.
- the reaction of dialdehydes with the gelatine obviously occurs at aconsiderably higher speed.
- dialdehydes have, as compared with formaline andacrolein, the further advantage of exerting a stronger hardening ⁇ action, when comparing equivalent quantiti'es.
- dialdehydes when compared with the metal salts, for instance of aluminium or chromium, known to be hardening agents for albuminous substances the dialdehydes involve an advantage inasmuch as the hardness obtained by their action remains constant in the alkaline developer and is not reduced, as it is the case with the said metal salts, by the action of the alkali.
- Dialdehydes suitable according to this invention are for instance, glyoxal and mesoxaldialdehy e. Both the monomeric and the polymeric forms are suited, with the difierence that the latter have a somewhat smaller hardening action.
- the hardening process may be carried out in the same way as with formaldehyde, either by adding the hardening agent to a solution of the gelatine or by subsequently bathing the shaped and dried albuminous bodies in a solution of the hardening agent. 1
- step which 1 comprises acting, upon the said gelatine emulsion with a ute solution of glyoxal.
- Photographic materials provided with a gelatine silver halide emulsion layer, said gelatine layer containing the condensation. product of gelatine with an aliphatic dialdehyde.
- Photographic materials provided with a gelatine silver halideemulsion'layer, said gelatine layer containing the condensation product of gelatine with glyoxal.
- Photographic materials provided with a gelatine silver halide emulsion layer said gelatine la er containing the condensation pfoduclt 0g gelatine with a polymerized g yoxa 8.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Heat Sensitive Colour Forming Recording (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Description
i atenteefi UNITED STATES PATENT orrica JGHANNES IBBUNKEN, OF DESSAU .IN ANHALT, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO A G'FA ANSCO CORPORATION, OF BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK PHO'1OGRAIE'IHIG GELATINE LAYEE No Drawing. Application filed July 7, 1931, Serial No. 549,331,- and in Germany July 11, 1930.
The present invention relates to an improvement in the manufacture of photographic materials and more particularly to a process of hardening the gelatinous emulsion layers on photographic films, plates or papers.
Another object of the invention are the new photographic materials provided with a gelatine layer prepared according to the in- 1 vention.
It is known to harden gelatinous emulsion layers by means of formaline or acrolein. The layers t ,us hardened, however, show a very annoying afterhardening. The melting point of a silver halide gelatine emulsion hardened by means of formaline raises, for instance, from 35 C. to 72 C. after a two days storage at 50 C.
According to this invention the afterhardenin can considerably be reduced by using dial ehydes as hardening agents for photographic gelatine emulsions. The reaction of dialdehydes with the gelatine obviously occurs at aconsiderably higher speed. Thus,
2 'for instance,the melting point of a gelatine layer hardened by means of a dialdehyde' raises, after a two days storage at 50 C., only from 37 C. to 42 (3., and even after a ten days storage at this temperature it onlyv 80 raises to 49 C. Consequently, it is possible,
when making use of the dialdehydes, to impart to the said gelatine layer a hardness that remains rather constant. 7
Moreover, the dialdehydes have, as compared with formaline andacrolein, the further advantage of exerting a stronger hardening\ action, when comparing equivalent quantiti'es.
Also when compared with the metal salts, for instance of aluminium or chromium, known to be hardening agents for albuminous substances the dialdehydes involve an advantage inasmuch as the hardness obtained by their action remains constant in the alkaline developer and is not reduced, as it is the case with the said metal salts, by the action of the alkali.
Dialdehydes suitable according to this invention are for instance, glyoxal and mesoxaldialdehy e. Both the monomeric and the polymeric forms are suited, with the difierence that the latter have a somewhat smaller hardening action. The hardening process may be carried out in the same way as with formaldehyde, either by adding the hardening agent to a solution of the gelatine or by subsequently bathing the shaped and dried albuminous bodies in a solution of the hardening agent. 1
The following examples illustrate the invention:
(1) 500 grams of a photographic gelatine emulsion containing 8-10 per cent. of gelatine, comprising a'silver halide, and melting when dry at 32 0., are mixed at 35 C. with 4 cc. of a 1 per cent. aqueous solution of monomeric glyoxal or 5 cc. of a 1 per cent. solution of p-glyoxal and poured in the usual manner on glass lates or films. After drying the layer s ows a melting point of "'periments should be made to determine the best kind of dialdehyde and the most suitable amount to employ with a particular gelatine which is to be hardened to a desired degree.
As well known a peculiar hardening of gelatinous layers is necessary when exportin hotographic materials into the tropics.
hat I claim is:
1. In the manufacture of photographic articles provided with a gelatine emulsion layer of constant hardness the step which comprises acting upon the said gelatine emulsion with a dilute solution of an aliphatic dialdehyde.
2. In the manufacture of photographic articles provided with a gelatine emulsion layer of constant hardness the step which 1 comprises acting, upon the said gelatine emulsion with a ute solution of glyoxal.
3. In the manufacture of articles provided with a gelatme emulsion layer of constant hardness the step which comprises acting upon the said gelatine emulsion with-a dilute solutionof polymerized glyoxal.
4. In the manufacture of photographic articles provided with a gelatlne emulsion layer of constant hardness the step which comprises actin upon the said gelatine emulsion with a ilute solution of mesoxaldialdehyde.
5. Photographic materials provided with a gelatine silver halide emulsion layer, said gelatine layer containing the condensation. product of gelatine with an aliphatic dialdehyde.
6. Photographic materials provided with a gelatine silver halideemulsion'layer, said gelatine layer containing the condensation product of gelatine with glyoxal.
7. Photographic materials provided with a gelatine silver halide emulsion layer, said gelatine la er containing the condensation pfoduclt 0g gelatine with a polymerized g yoxa 8. Photographic materials provided with a gelatine silver halide emulsion layer, said gelatine layer containing the condensation product ofgelatine with mesoxaldialdehyde.
In testimony whereof, I afiix my signature.
JOHANNES BRUNKEN.
photographic
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE538713T | 1930-07-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1870354A true US1870354A (en) | 1932-08-09 |
Family
ID=34122365
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US549331A Expired - Lifetime US1870354A (en) | 1930-07-12 | 1931-07-07 | Photographic gelatine layer |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1870354A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE381162A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE538713C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR719891A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB373829A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2553506A (en) * | 1946-12-10 | 1951-05-15 | Hardened gelatino-silver halede | |
| US2593912A (en) * | 1948-11-19 | 1952-04-22 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Photographic film containing hardened gelatin |
| US2642362A (en) * | 1949-03-18 | 1953-06-16 | Eastman Kodak Co | Light-sensitive baryta-coated photographic paper |
| US2663639A (en) * | 1950-01-28 | 1953-12-22 | Harris Seybold Co | Printing plate preparation |
| US2671024A (en) * | 1950-12-06 | 1954-03-02 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Stabilization of photographic glyoxal hardening solutions with water soluble boron compounds |
| US3058827A (en) * | 1960-02-09 | 1962-10-16 | Eastman Kodak Co | Dialdehyde starch as gelatin hardener |
| EP0228084A2 (en) | 1985-12-25 | 1987-07-08 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Image forming process |
| US6071688A (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2000-06-06 | Eastman Kodak Company | Providing additives to a coating composition by vaporization |
| EP1215532A3 (en) * | 2000-12-06 | 2003-10-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Emulsion composition to control film core-set |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1047350B (en) * | 1956-02-02 | 1958-12-24 | Josef Baranyi | Glue containing sulphite waste liquor |
-
0
- BE BE381162D patent/BE381162A/xx unknown
-
1930
- 1930-07-12 DE DE1930538713D patent/DE538713C/en not_active Expired
-
1931
- 1931-07-07 US US549331A patent/US1870354A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1931-07-09 FR FR719891D patent/FR719891A/en not_active Expired
- 1931-07-10 GB GB19900/31A patent/GB373829A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2553506A (en) * | 1946-12-10 | 1951-05-15 | Hardened gelatino-silver halede | |
| US2593912A (en) * | 1948-11-19 | 1952-04-22 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Photographic film containing hardened gelatin |
| US2642362A (en) * | 1949-03-18 | 1953-06-16 | Eastman Kodak Co | Light-sensitive baryta-coated photographic paper |
| US2663639A (en) * | 1950-01-28 | 1953-12-22 | Harris Seybold Co | Printing plate preparation |
| US2671024A (en) * | 1950-12-06 | 1954-03-02 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Stabilization of photographic glyoxal hardening solutions with water soluble boron compounds |
| US3058827A (en) * | 1960-02-09 | 1962-10-16 | Eastman Kodak Co | Dialdehyde starch as gelatin hardener |
| EP0228084A2 (en) | 1985-12-25 | 1987-07-08 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Image forming process |
| US6071688A (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2000-06-06 | Eastman Kodak Company | Providing additives to a coating composition by vaporization |
| EP1215532A3 (en) * | 2000-12-06 | 2003-10-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Emulsion composition to control film core-set |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE381162A (en) | |
| FR719891A (en) | 1932-02-12 |
| GB373829A (en) | 1932-06-02 |
| DE538713C (en) | 1931-11-16 |
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