US1776020A - Condenser - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 16, 1930. w. s. ELLIOTT GONDENS ER Filed April 15, 1925 aaoaonooaooooooooo oo oionoooo nwo@ m oo una o no o oo no oo o @a uwe o w o coucou o on aaaooo Mo Q o oo s o o o u a o cocon oowoooo o o oo o o a o m. o o o .w 0 o oo oo %o ooooo non o no o anno@ aooo oucoooooooooo Patented Sept. 16, 1930 TENr- OFFICE WILLIAMS. ELLIOTT, or PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA i coNnnNsnR Application filed April 15, 1925, Serial N o. 23,278.

The present'inventio-n relatesy broadly to heat interchange and lliquid treatment, and more particularly as applied to condensers of the type adaptable for use in power plants.

and the like.

In power plant work, it isV desirable to deliver condensate from condensers at temperatures as high as possible, in order to thereby conserve heat-and reduce the amount of heat subsequently required for bringing the condensate to a temperature at which =it may be eiiiciently re-used. A

It is well recognized at the present time that the air dissolved in water is responsible, -t0 alarge extent, for the corrosion which takes .place in power plant equipment, and Vmany eiorts have been made to effect its elimination. The solubility of airin Water is a function of the temperature, the solubilsoity decreasingv as the temperature increases.

From the standpoint, therefore, of deaeration, it is also of material advantage to keep thel temperature of the condensate as high as possible, to thereby proportionately de- 2li;y crease the air content.

It has heretofore been proposed in the art to which the present invention relates to provide condensers of such construction that it is possible to raise the temperature at which ao thecondensate leaves. the condenser. While,

as before stated, the higher temperatures insure a lower air content, I have found that in .order to produce water having a zero oxygen or air content, or extremely low amounts of air it is desirable to subject the condensate not only to higher temperature conditions of the character referred to, but also agitation under such conditions as to facilitate air separation. A l i In operating condensers under such conditions as to produce ahigh condensate temperature, the capacity range of the condenser must be considered 'and conserved. For example, if free steam is utilized for raising the condensate temperature, provision must be made for controlling the volume of steam in such manner that an excess will not be` supplied to any zone of the condenser in such manner -as to effect an overloading thereof with a' consequent diminution in the ability of the condenser to perform that work for which it was designed.

The present invention, therefore, has for certain of its objects the provision of a condenser operating to produce not only a high temperature condensate, but a condensate substantially free from dissolved or entrained air, and at the same time operating under' such conditions that the capacity of the condenser is not impaired.

In thel accompanying drawings there is shown for purposes of illustration only, apreferred embodiment of the present inven-. tion, it being understood that the drawings do not denne the limits of my invention asV changes in the construction and operation disclosed therein may be made without departing either from the spirit of the invention or the scope of my broader claims.

In the drawings:

Figure l is a vertical line I-I of Figure 2;

Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view along the line II-II of Figure l, certain of the parts in both figures being shown in elevation;

Figure 3 is a detail sectional view on an enlarged scale, illustrating a portion of the bottom of the condenser, and

Figure 4L is a View illustrating in perspective a skeleton of the interior construction of the condenser.

In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, lI have shown a condenser of the general construction disclosed in the patent t0 Raymond N. Ehrhart, N o, 1,522,290 granted January 6, 1925. It will be understood, however, that theadvantages of the invention are not limited to a condenser of this type, but that it is adapted toa Wide variety of different condensers. Y

In carrying out the present invention there may be.Y provided a condenser of any desired construction, herein shown as having a casing 2 carrying a plurality of longitudinally extending tube banks or tube nests 3. The condenser may be provided with one or more headers 4, as well understood in the art, for controlling the delivery or discharge of cooling waterto the tubes. With a condenser of sectional view on the Y t 2o 1 7 passageifldischarges; Y i j `Cooperating withthe passage jatanygdej the character shown, cooling water may be delivered tothe inlet vconnection 5 of the header 4 which will deliver the water to the `f lower tubes through which it willi-pass in;

parallel to a header Y"(not shown) Yon theop-y Coopera'tingfwithv thevfcondenserin any. j d

its upper portion f ofl vthe f condenser and terminating shortofthevbottom ofthecasing'), ab'ovefabyi ai diaphragm i '14; havingv a; plurality; .Fof-

ffcondensat'e heatingl chamber whichthe asa pump orje'jector (notshownj-.fTheolif?` tale haslinletopeningsalQ 'through theapljates `9,5 the air being directed int-o theseotalres from -if'lower portion of "the [condenser by f" ineans ofdeiiectors or b`ailiesjl3i- 2;.; ."Thefcondensing zone/ofthe;condenser'may- .1strictedav(piantityofv steam isutilizedf-orheate ingthe'condensategso'that-therefis.'aethroughbe divided`V from the condensate-chamberi101 openingsLlf for .the passage;ofacondensate:

from the ,condensing chamber ii'ntotheflcon#A densate chamber.iThese openingsare prefer-Y "ably positioned so as to.provideia.pluralityl densate intoa plurality vofstreams ar'ld'theree by acilitatingltheheating thereof. "The dia'- phragm is further provided with one or more:

vided separate flow.y paths k'for thefcondensatef entering Vthe condensate chamber. ar1d=`fortheVV vapor or. gases flowing inlthe opposite direc#V through theoiitalre 5 Mountedwitlil the condensa different thorizontal#planes are' combined wfdenaechambr'ina o 'partme'nts 7- low the:l ,condensatejaleaves the condenser? in, the

Steam flowsdownwardlythroughthe. passage `7 into the compartment Trbetweenthe trays'. tioninto the'fcond'enser -or withdrawal? fr.; compartment asindicatedbytheariOWs,(0,;

Vdmmjoer in; thereby tonding ,.dt0 isweepz anygreleased air I' t f -r'videdrfatthe-fendsofthe sl-This-steam'. heatlnb and agl'tatmg'meaps d; turn rpasses upwardlywadd travels hori `itating. f 1 means :are herein illustratedas Comprising raysectionlSandan upperftravse'cl Vtion 19.'A ,The lpp' .`:1`tray sectionfdiilectlylrl l so ,eeivesf condensate; through*they openings 15,4

izont'al'ly in :the fupper lcomp artnient l: in. th ydirectionindioatedfiby':the arrows (i). 'Th

intothe bottom yof the'lcondenser casing @d in turninto the hot well 22.l

platesg and `io'1"n1 in. a bottom for the main po'rtigjrrofl the length o frtlieapass'age,7;.i This lpartitionhas'a'substantiallycentralljlocated Y opening through which V thev steam passes@ thelspacef flf 'betweenthe -sections of the #19,` @indicareaibyfthearfewsiae f Stoodinthwrtfam; Y Y,

' In actual operation of al condenser7 the steam i entering the 'c ondenserji's`r` :always at .La higher temperaturezthan the .temperature prfef veiling lat thejbottom" of `-the f condenser ydueV 1 v to. .the drop in fpressure1.-.throiighv r fthe; con-11:1V

denser. VVIf suiiic'ient heatcanbe added tozthe, Y`

condensate: leavingV the .condensingichamben' "sofas" to.y maintain L in: thisijcondensate tem-V *i 1 y lyequahitothe. f 4 "ndwthecioinA perature..'equal, vor..subst'antija' l temperature oi the condenser released gases,'v alpartial'air.pressurejzwill be i .'--builtup which ,willinterferefvvithvsuccessful`v f v l y;

dea eration.-f4 i At-the;sametfitimefif ran-.unre-j iiowfoflsteam inthe condensate:chamberythis .f steamwill pass "into fthelowerpQrtionoi` the condenserrfand; vflood the, ftube A- `a rea gwith. free steam,V Vthereby :cutting downi the capacity 'of theicondensers: v.and zintenferingi with(v Vits feiicientboperation; With .the construction herein illustrated, i

ormcofra,pluralityfofijets insuch'ondition that eiicientheatinterchange mayftalefplace .This condensate then` flows'fi1i'fbr,olre1i-up cone dition overa tray; surfaceand'thencei ingsin lar conditiong Aover,anotherjtray f surface from such compartmenty to35tlie ,.sp aces 23pm passage: f7, '.is'of-such lsize relative to! thepas-,f

rsagewayorsteam through the tube nests as i #to provide-the amount of steam'which theiconf: .14 ii A; L 'densate fromfthetube'nests is'capableoi con-5125i5 i 'bhaondensate flQWlns Overlfthls tfeysectwn.; to openingsQO which discharge ontotheilowerf trayjsection; Thevcondensate in turn iow'si in broken-hp filmflikecondition? overthe'y a5.

. n intermediate support 2 7Ifo'r 'the'y co n` V be provi'ded,fa s wellunderf dutyis continuously performed by the heat spondingly greater steam flow through the passage 7 and the heater T in order to meet the increased demands ot the condensate. @n the other hand, it the amount y, ofcondensate decreases, the steam condens- 4adjacent the tloiv terminus through the condenser. These tubes will be eiective t'or abstracting any further heat both from the vapor and from thegases, thereby preventing the Waste of heat through the oiltalre li.

n This automatic control ot the heating steam for the condensate is thus particularly advantageous, as it not only prevents liooding ot the condenser, but also always insures a suin- Ycient supply oi steam to raise 'the temperature of the condensate to the c esired point.

'Efficient deaeration requires the maintenance of definite temperature and pressure conditions. The heater automatically operates to maintain these conditions, and thereby insures at all times the release oi'l air and gas from the condensate.

The construction described is further advantageous in that the flow of steam causes any released air to be swept from the compartment Tinto the compartment thereabove. The construction is such as to produce a counter flow ot condensate and steam of such nature that the steam tirst contacts With the condensate in the compartment T and later contacts with the condensate in the compartment l, all or the steam supplied to the coinpartment Lihovvever, being delivered 'trom the compartment T. This construction insures a condition in Which the major heating I, the condensate being delivered s h heater to the heater T at a temperature substantially equalto the temperature ot the neat- Ving steam. This operation is advantageous as it relieves the heater T trom any substantial-heatingV duty, and consequently enables it to function eiiiciently as a deaeratoi' diie to the possibility o' maintaining a loiv air tension or partial air pressure therein. By the provision of the heater this partial airv vpressure is maintained below that point Which would obtain it the heater T Were acting singly.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art, that the advantages of. the present invention arise from the provision of a condenser capable ot delivering deaerated condensate at a high temperature and operating under such conditions that the capacity ot the condenser is not lessened and temperature conditions areA always maintained of such nature as to insure etiicient air removal.,

I claim:

l. The combination with a condenser, ot a chamber receiving condensate from the condenser and having a deaerating tray section and a Vheating tray section over which the condensate from the condenser flows, and connections Jfor supplying heating steam to said tray sections in series, with the deaerat-` ing tray section iirst receiving steam and causing the steam to flow over both of said tray sections in direct contact with the condensate.

2. The combination with a condenser having an inlet, eta chamber receiving condensate from the condenser and having a deaerating tray section and a heating tray section, and means forsupplying a portion only ot the steam from said inlet to said tray sections in series, with the deaera-ting tray section irst receiving steam. f i

3. The combination with a condenser, of a chamber receiving condensate lfrom the condenser and comprising a deaeratingcompartment and a heating compartment, means for passing condensate through both of said compartments in series in direct contact with the steam therein, and means for supplying heating steam to said compartment in series, With the deaerating compartment first receiving steam.

fi. The combination With a condenser having an inlet, of a chamber receiving condensate from the. condenser and comprising a deaerating coinpartmentand a heating compartment, and means for supplying a portion only of the steam from-.said inlet to said compartments in series, With the deaerating compartment first receiving steam.

5. The combination with a condenser, of aV chamber receiving condensate therefrom, and heating superimposed trays insaid chamber producing a 'flow of heating steam thereto,

said heating means providing separate iiow paths for the steam and condensate and being eiiective for producing a steam HOW horizontally through said chamber in contact With the condensate for sweeping released air Jfrom said chamber.

Y 6. The combination With a condenser, of a chamber receiving condensate therefrom and having a separate condensate inlet and gas oitake, and means including superimposed trays for supplying heating steam to said chamber and producing a steam flow horizontally through the chamber in contact with the condensate for sweeping released gases therefrom and delivering the same to said otltake.

7. The combination With a condenser, of a condensate chamber receiving condensate from the condenser and having a gas oiitake, of means in said chamber dividing the same into superimposed compartments through l In? lll1 Vfor veontaotingV withthe condensate V.both

I ffl-,89: 8, The'comloinat'oniwith'aeondenser;v i 5. heaterand adeaeratorfor the condensate Y for removing gases'from theheater." f f ing saidv vChamber-.into a lower heating com- 1 v Y partment and yannpper-l heating 'comparty in directcontaotgwith the steam therein; v 1

Y S l25' forA passing condensate throughs saidseotions '1 I 'is 30 11.A'eondenser heating-section i l#53 andl bringing suchasteam into "Contact, with m40 fments, connectionsfor passingthepondens densate inpbothfof said compartments. f r

t( d 7,150* j s s, 4f?? 1 s. t f 21,776,020

vwhich the@ :condensatexows zin seriesand 1 meansl .forzdehvermg steam to 'said ehamben o'fs'a'd compartments.

formed thereingfsaid heater` and .dea'e''ratory l f `duidingmeans forrrehea'tlng the condensatev fjmffork Causingv'the released-vapors and gases yto thedeaerat'or into ,the heater, and connections:

9. VThe combination Wi h a oondenseryof"ai Y `15 condensate "1 vchamberl yreceiving :condensate '-ytherefrom, 'a steam'snpply forfsaidfehamh'er,-

. "af gas offtake forsadichamber7 means divid'- f 20- ment; and means yfor sealis'ng Y the .condensate f tok How 1n series through said compartments if' 10. Condenser having a condensate heatf lngy sectionl and,..a1deaeratingV section,YAY meansy inseriesfinthe..order name@y and meansftor l y bringing steam 1ntoconta`et-.with the cont den'psatelfnfboth of:` sald sectionsA 1n the reverse x y order. Y f 'f anda de,aerating',-sectionmeans-for passing: 'condensate throughsaid sections in 'series in.

,the lorder namedyand means for 'by-passing a Y. v portion onlyofthe steamfromthecondenser the condensatefin both Aof said sections'fi'n aj 'l l renferse'order.2 i Y A12J A condenser: including superimposed .compartmentstubes above said eompart` sate'from'fthe region of said tu'ioesVv through n saidy compartments in series, Vand means'for ;k

bringing heating steam'fromfthe'regionof i* l Y said 'tubes into direct Contact with-the vcon-f'y f [Intestimonyiyhereof Ij havev hereuntov set`

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