US1669168A - Coking oven - Google Patents

Description

MayIS, 1928.. 1,669,168

H. H. KOPF'ERS COKING OVEN Filed Deol 2 1925 4 SheetsSheet.

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May 8, 1928. 1,669,168

H. H. KOPPERS comm OVEN Filed Dec. 22. 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig 3.

May 1928. 1,669,168

H. H.. KOPPERS COKING OVEN 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Dec. 22, 1925 U we 1 P.

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. H. H. KOPPERS comm OVEN Filed Dec 22.- 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 llltl/lln vIII!!! I If I! wuyaml qx 'IIII1Ill!IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIA w an Patented May 8, 1928.

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HANS HEINRICH KOPPERS,OF ESSEN-RUHR, GERMANY.

GOKING 'OVEN'.

Application filed December 22, 1925. Serial No. ?7,0l3, and in Germany Septeinber-l3,.1924.

My invention refers to coking ovens used in the distillation of fuel and more especially coal and inwhich gas and coke are .produced. Its particular object is to provide means --whereby a uniform distribution o't'heat over all parts of the oven can be obtained.

"In the coking ovens hitherto used, no matter Whether the coal or other material treated was storedin coking chambers or in retorts, an exact guiding and distributing of the heating .media has been obtained by means of nozzles orthe like and by nicely regulating the quantity of waste heat by means of small slides, thereby obtaining a comparatively uniform heating of the single coking chamber or retort both in longitudinal and in vertical direction. In contradistinction thereto the uniform heating of all the chambers or groups of retorts assembled in a battery of coking ovens has not been provided for in anentirely satisfactory or regenerators which extend at right angles to the retortsor chambers and in parallel to the longitudinal walls of the; battery and below the chambers or retorts. In this arrangement each heating wall communicates at the bottom with the regenerators common to all the heating walls and at the top with heat distributing conduits which are also common to all the heating walls. In the coking chamber type of oven only a single distributing conduit or rather a single set of such conduits arranged in parallel to each other, is provided and the distribution of heat takes place in this oven in the regenerators as Well as in the distributing conduits. In the retort type of oven, where the retorts areknown to be charged with fuel from one end, anumber of juxtaposed distributing conduits can be provided which is equal to the number of heating fiues in the several heating walls. In the ovens of the coking chamber type heed must be paid to the charging holes provided in the top of the oven and in consequence thereof the heating conduits ingroup's of two or morefiuesnin order to avoid collision between the conduits and the charging holes.

lVith these and further objects in view I am now, proceeding. to more especially adescriben iy invention with reference tothe annexed drawings forming part of this specification and in Whicha retortoven and a coking oven embodying.myflinventionware illustrated diagrammatically way of. example.

Inthe drawings I Fig. l is a longitudinal section of part :of the retort oven and Fig. 2 is a cross-section, partly on the line II and partly on the line IIII in Fig. 1. i i

Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the connections between the regenerators, heating fines and distributing conduits when working with poor gas and Fig. 3 isa similar diagram showing the working conditions when using strong gas.

F ig; l is a longitudinal section of part of a coking chamber ovenand Fig. 5 is a crosssection on the line VV in Fig. 4. Referring first to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, 1 is the brickwork foundation of the oven and 19,19 are the supportingwalls for the-retorts 20. 5, 5 are longitudinal supports for spacing the retorts-in vertical direction. The supporting walls l9 also define the heating tlu'es 2, 2, a plurality of which is provided for heating each group of superposed retorts,.five of which are assembled into a group. 3 is the top wall or cover of the oven which rests on the longitudinal walls and on the supporting walls 19. 21, 21 are vertical channels extending through this cover, one above each heating flue, 41-, 4 the conduits extending horizontally above and in parallel with each group of retorts, 22, 22 are short channels extending longitudinally of the oven and interconnecting theseveral channels 24L, these channels forming the primary system of distributing conduitsspoken of above. 23,, 23 are small slides serving to control the channels 22 and 34, 34 are a second system of distributing conduit-s extending in parallel with the system formed by the conduits 22, 22 and above same. 10, l1, l2 and 13 are four heat storers or regenerators extending side by side in the longitudinal direction of the oven, two of them always serving for preheating gas and air or air alone, while the other pair of regenerators acts as exhaust heat storers, the connections between the two pairs of regenerators and the heating fines being reversed about twice an hour. 14, 15, 16 17 are channels which distribute the heating media and the exhaust heat entering or escaping from the several nozzles 18 at the bottom of the single heating ilues. The retorts 20, 20 are spaced farther apart than in a normal oven in order to avoid the formation of dead corners. a

'The heating media are for instance conducted from the regenerators 10 and 11 through chan'nels'lG and l? to the heating fines 2 and rise in the heating walls in contact with the retorts, the distributing conduits 22 affording the possibility of an even distribution of the all over the length of the battery.

In order to afford a similar possibility also in the case where single groups of retorts must be cut out for the purpose of re pairs or the like, a second system of distributing conduitsB is provided above the conduits 22, which in the case of re pairs or the like must be cut out also by means of the slides 23 as far as the respective group of retorts is concerned. In this case a free dis tribution of the heating gases will take place through the second system of distributing conduits 34c.

As a rule the oven is operated in such man ner thatethe heating gases rise between two groups of retorts and descend between the adjoining pair of groups, an equal distribution of heating gases and waste gases being obtained at the bottom by means of the heat storers 'and onthe top by means of the distributing conduits and respectively.

This distribution can be followed more easily in the diagram illustrated in Figs. 3 and 3 where the heating walls defining the single chambers or retorts are, so to speak, connected between the gas and air preheating regenerators 10 and 11 on the one side and the distributing conduits 22' on the other side, and further between these conduits and the regenerators 12 and 13 serving at this moment for storing the waste heat. The air regenerators 11 and 12 can be made to extend across the entire length of the battery, so that they can be directly connected with the channels 24 and 25 (Figs. 1 and 2) disposed b low them and which serve for supplying the air and for exhausting the waste heat. On the other hand I prefer to connect the two outer regenerators 10 and 13 which serve for preheating the gases with the channels and 29 appertaining to them by means of bends 26 and 27 respectively. These bends are provided with valves 31 (Fig. 2) which allow changing over from the preheating of gas to the preheating of air, if it is desired to heat the battery with strong which need not be preheated. In order to be able to effect this selective heating with strong or with poor gas also for single groups of retorts or coking chambers, the gas preheating regenerators 10 and 13 can be subdivided by partitions 32 (Fig. 3) and in that case the distribution at the bottom of the battery merely takes place by means of the air preheating regenerators 11 and 12. I

In the coking chamber oven illustrated in Figs. at and 5, which is operated in the same manner as described with reference to the retort oven, the second system. of distributing conduits 3% can be dispensed with inasmuch as in this case the vertical channels 85 which connect the heating flues with the dietributing channels 22 can be closed at any desired moment by means of slides 36, so that each set of heating flues can be thrown out separately without thereby disturbing the free communication between the other rows of heating fiues across the distributing conduits 22.

I wish it to be understood that I do not desire to be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described for obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.

Battery of coke ovens comprising a series of alternate parallel horizontal coking retorts and heating chambers therefor, each of said heating chambers comprising vertical fiues, regenerators below said retorts and con'inrunicably connected with said fines at the bottoms thereof, two waste heat collecting conduits, one above the other, each of said conduits extending horizontally above said chambers and transversely thereto over the entire length of the battery and communicably connected to said lines of each of said heating chambers, at the tops of said lines.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

HANS HEINRICH KOPPERS.

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