US1643532A - Coke oven - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 27, 1927. v I 1,643,532

- .W. H. WRIGHT COKE OVEN Filed 5m 7. 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 id Q b l I -l i l 1' P= h l I k l l l/E/VTOR Sept. 27', 1921.

FIG. 2

1,643,532 w. H. WRIGHT COKE OVEN 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 7, 1921 S pt. 27, 1927. 1,643,532

wL WRIGHT COKE ovfiu Filed June '2, 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Sept; 27, 1921. r

w. H. WRIGHT coKE' OVEN Filed "June 7, 1921 j 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Fla.

I. df/l/l/l' .W W w ATTORNIE'YI Federated Sept. 2?, 523".

nnrraoh eraras- PATENT @FFICE.

wrtmaar n. warrant, or mmwnnnnn, Wisconsin, ASSIGNOR To ronnnn'rrouovnn oonrcnnrron, A oonronarioiq or new loan.

COKE OVEN.

Application filed June 7,

My invention provides a coke oven and a method-of operating coke ovens'byzwhich a very uniform distribution of heatmay be D-D and (Flg. 1)

' to a longitudinal flue F with ports at intervals Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through one of the coking chambers, on the line Figs. 4 and -5 are cross-sections respectively onlines of Fig. 2'; p v y Fig. 6 isfia diagrammatic horizontal section showing the longitudinal fluesbelow thecoking chambers, bustion flues'in' the longitudinal walls between the coking chambers. V Referring to the embodiment of the invention illustrated, the oven is built on a foundation or base A of concrete, with exhaustflues B at thesides connected at intervals to the regenerators' through ports C. Valves 1) are provided and adapted to be set either in position to admit air to the ports C and cut the latter ofi from communication with the main flu% B, or to cut ofi the air and open communication with the exhaust flues; a separate valve D being provided for each regenerator along the length of the oven; The regenerator ehambers on opposite. sidesfare divided from each other by partition walls C At the upper outer end of each regenerator is a port. leading from which ports G at intervals communicate with the combustion flues in the walls between the coking chambers H. Such longitudinal flues F in their length are denominated sole flues,'or bus or manifold fiues. The two sole 'flues F under an .oven

are cut off from each other through an intermediate wall F 3), but it will be understood that the coking chamber H above extends continuously from one side of the oven to the other. 7

end, the right hand end in the correspondingly numbered and the vertical com alternate sole flues.

and parallel with the sole fines F are gas 132.1. Serial in. 475,639.

Ea ch coking chamber H is wider atone F ig; 2, so as to permit the pushlng of the coke outat this end, this belng called the coke side of the oven and the other the pusher side. Each regenerator chamber is horizontal wall- J between two bodies of divided by t brick" checkerwork K and L, with a passage across the inner end of the wall J, so that the incoming air passes circuitously 'backand forth through the checkerwork as can:

cated bythe arrow-in Fig. 3, and the outthrough the same path in- The partition J y is sup going gases pass reverse direction. ported on projectin shelves M, Fig. 4, from the sidewalls of tie regenerators, and the" topv N of the regenerator is similarly supported. A

the successive coking chambers; the flues. of each pair" connected to each other at the top and communicating at their loweren-ds with Under the flue Walls fines-R and S connected at their outer ends through suitable reversing valves with gas mains B, Fig. 1, at the sides of the oven.

The gas flue R has ports leading upward into the bottom of alternate combustion lines, 0, for'example; and the gas flue S has similar ports leading to the remaining combustion flues. P. In Fig. 6 the gas, ports in the bottoms of the flues are indicated by circles and'the air and wastegas flues indicated by rectangles.

In the roof of the furnace there are vertical passages v bustion flues to permit access to them for observation, for changing the gas nozzles, etc.

At the upper endsofi each pair of lines 0 and P they communicate The ports" or passages G which lead from the sole flues F are alternately spaced. at

See-for example, the middle on the. opposite side communicating with combustion flues P of the adjacent wall.

.Verticalcombustion flues O and P are arranged in pairs (or it may more than two) in the the walls be in roups of between" T andU in line with the comwith' each other throughanopeningv in the wall between them.

With this arrangement air coi nes-intothe central flue,'Fig. 6, enters the combustion flues O attheupper side"('of the figure) is mixed with gas and burns, the flue gas passing from the top of the flues O to the flues P, down the Iatter allfld out into the adjacent sole flue F; while air from-the -same central,

'- sole flue F-pa'ss'es into the combustion flue heated regenerator before being admitted tocombustion flues in the w P of the flue wall on the lower side (Fig. 6) mixeswith gas and is .burned'and passes from the topsof the flues P into and down the adjacent flues O and thence'out by the sole flue Fat the bottom ofthis figure. The gay reversing valves will beshifted when the air reversing valves are shifted; where;

the sole flue F,-and the combuston'gas passes ,on reversal, from the sole flue through the a same end into the regenerator.

A uniform heating ofthe charge from end to end of a coking chamber is of great importance for the production of a uniformly good coke and also for economy of'gas. For a uniform distribution of heat along a flue Wall there must be a uniform volume of air supplied to" the successivecombustion flues along the length of the wall. In sole flues, such as are illustrated at F, the static pressure is greatest at the end remote from the entrance of air, so that to get a uniform distribution it has been proposed to provide a slide .brick or valve for each group of combustion flues, and to decrease by this means the effective cross-section of the successive flues or groups progressively toward the inner end of the line; or ports of fixed size have been used similarly graduated.

I have discovered that the variation in the size of ports or in the effective crosssection of the passages leading through the combustionflues along the line of a sole flue is not only unnecessary but also harmful in that it causes an unequal distribution of heat,

' and for this reason. Assuming air admitted at the right hand end of the sole flue F shown at the right of Fig. 3, its static pressure will be gradually increased until at its inner end the pressure will be a maximum. If this were the only consideration it would be necessary to correspondingly decrease the size of the openings G toward the inner end of the sole flue. The low static pressure at' the admission end of the sole flue is accompanied by a comparatively high velocity pres- I -1,e eases Now, if we consider each of the adjacent flues which is taking off the combustion gas producedby the air from the supply flue,

the conditions will be reversed. In each of I these exhaust flues. there a will be a comparatively; low velocity pressure at the end remote from its opening into the regenerator,

gradually increasing toward the exit end;

the remote end gradually diminishing .toward the exit; *Along the exhaust flues, therefore, the velocity pressure will vary inand a comparatively high static pressure at I versely with the static pressure along the tendency of the gas to pass out of it is substantially the same for all combustion flues or separate groupsof such flues along the line of a sole flue, assuming the cross-sectional area of. the several ports and combust1on fines to be the same.

Besides the varying pressure from end to end of each sole flue, there is a variation in thewidth of'each coking chamber from. end to end, which necessitates some special provision for securing a greater supply of heat, I andra greater quantity of air, in the ends of the flue walls on the coke side of the oven,

where the coking chambers are widest.

, There is, moreover, a uniform graduation of heat required from the Wide end tothe narrow end. In applying my invention,

therefore, the ports leading out of the sole flues are graduated in size, not as in previous cases by making them gradually smaller from the entrance end of the sole flue to its remote end, butby making them largest at .the side adjacent to the wide portions of the coking chambers and gradually diminishing" in size .to the opposite side-of the oven. In

'Fig. 3, for example, are shown two sole flues F in line with, but-opei'atively separate from each other, both underlying a single coking chamber H. This chamber being wider at the right hand end, the ports G leading from the sole\fiues are widest at the right hand side, which is the admission end of the right hand sole flue, are gradually reduced in size to the remote or inner end of this right hand sole flue; and for the left hand sole flue F the ports commence at the right slightly.

smaller and gradually diminish in size toward the admission end (except for end ports G and G referred to specially hereinafter). This takes care of the proper distribution ofheat to compensate for variation in the width of the, coking chamber; and the complementary or balancing effect referred .to above takes care of the variations in presabout twenty wall or in the same side of an adjacent com- 2 along the sole fiue. This rule of dual diminution of the ports from the side of theoveutoflthe pusher side is lemented hit-case of the end ports at e: 16! side of the'oven, marked Gand G respectively, by the fact that the corresponding combustion fines require .an additional amount or heat to compensate for the radiation of the adjacent sides of the oven. These ports, therefore, are made-each somewhat larger than the sizes necessary to compensate for percent (20%) larger for each port G and G The system described 'in connection with Fig,

3' is repeated along eachof the successive fine walls so that for each pair of sole e with each other there are orts Gof corresponding sizein the adjacent sole 'fiuesj which serve to take 0d the combastion gas produced by the air admitted I from thesolejfiues in uestion.

The principle of istribution described.

applies particularly to the type of Qcombustion' fines illustrated, known as the hair pin type, and to similar arrangements in which the combustion fines are in pairs or groups, each'pair or group communicating with the admission and exhaust sole fines independently of the other pairs or grou s. Where all thec'ombust ion fines in one si e of thelwall, are first fed by a sole fiue and then discharge into a common upper bus fiue,

:which in turn discharges into an up er bus fine at the opposite side of the com ustion b'ustion wall, the law of compensation referred to above is not applicable. Considering the sole fiue and the bus fiue corresponding to the combustion fiue's in one side of wall, acting as the admission half of the circuit, these will be counterbalanced according to the law stated. In the corresponding group of outgoing bus fiue, combustion fiues and sole flue the openings from the bus flue and into the sole fiue should be graduated in the reverse direction, but u-nder these circumstances, when the flow is reversed the openings from the new admission sole fiue and into the corresponding busfiue will be increased in size toward the, inner ends of these fines, which will be the exact reverse ofthe graduation necessary to compensate for the accumulation of the static pressure toward the inner end of the admission fine. Ovens built on this planhave, therefore, to adopt a compromise in the graduation-0f the ports which is neither thefibest for admission nor the best for exhaust.

The gas ports along the line will be graduated as usual to take'care of variations in the temperature of the gas as. the latter passes from the main gradually through the gas fine. They should also begraduated in the width of the chamber, say

, a wall, that is in the coke side or the pusher side of proportion to the width of the coking chamoer and to the graduated quantities of air admitted along the flue wall from the wide to the narrow end. This control of the gas svpplf, to the several fines may be takencare by the application of nozzles of difi'erent sizes to the gas ports leading into the combustion fines;

'I .have found that with such an arrangement of valveless combustion fiues along the lineof each heating wall and with openings from the sole fines regulated in size not to their distance from the end of the flue, but tocorrespond with the width of the coking chamber, using identical shle fines for entrance and exit, a very -uniform heating efiectis secured throughout the length of each coking chamber. ing alternately as admission and exhaust sole fines, compensate for the effect of the dis- 0 1 'tance of the ports from ah sole hue inlets,

automatically bringing about a perfect distribution' of the heating air and combustion gas. It is thus possible to graduate the size of such ports from end to and of the entire heating chamber relative to the heating load adjacent each fine due to the taper in the width of the. coking chamber.

The two regenerator chambers in line with each other under each coking chamber,

as in Fig. 3, act in the same direction. That is, each of them passes air in the direction 01: the arrows shown during one period, and each of them passes combustion gas, in the opposite'direction from the arrows, when i the oven isreversed. These two regenerators together, therefore, carry air or combustion gas to or from half the vertical fines in the two heating walls of the coking chamin line with each other no particular care is necessary to secure tight partitions G or F since there is no objection to the escape of a small quantity of air or of exhaust gases from one to the other. In fact, these partitions serve principally the function of bafiies to control the currents of air and gas.

4 The division of each regenerator com partment into an upper ,and lower section provides along travel for the air o'r waste.

The checkers are laid up so that theheat. passages run contmuousl from end to end to each section, which results 111 lower pres- The sole fines. actsure drop than with staggered checkerwork. This type of regenerator chamber with the horizontal bafiie-J causing a clrcuitous and comparatively, long travel for the air or waste heat with its air exit at one end oi the chamber is 'import-ant'in connection with the type of'sole flue illustrated, to provide for complete and efiicient utilization of the efl'cctive areas of communication between the sole Hues at difierent points in their length has not heretofore been'knoWn; the

valves in use having been set in accordance. 'Wlth,tl16ll distances from the open end of the'sole flue, so that for example in the construction of Fig. 3 the effective areas would be varied progressively from the center to-: ward the ends of the coking chamber, instead of progressively from one end to the other in the coking chamber, as in my invention. By my method of operation, therefore, I may secure the same advantages from theold constructions of oven as if the ports leading directly from the sole 'flues were properly varied in size.

Though I have described with great particu l'arity of-detail certain embodiments of my invention, yet it is not to be understood therefrom that the invention is restricted to the particular embodiments disclosed.

Various modifications thereof may he made by those skilled in the art without'departing from the invention as defined in thei'ollowing claims. .What- I claim is 1..A coke oven having coking chambers which are wider at one, side than at the other side of-the oven with the walls between them and having in each flue wall a' line of combustion flues arranged in' groups and having for each fiue walla." pair ofregenerators and a pair of sole fiues with ports communicating with said combustion flues for supplying air to and taking combustion gas I from said combustion flues at intervals along the length. of each of the sole flues, each group communicating with the corresponding pair of sole flues by ports which are independent of the ports from the other groups to the same sole flues, each of said sole fines having at one end'a single opening adapted to be used alter nately for exhaustion of combustion gas and, on reversal of the oven, for admission of air,.the efl*'ective 5 areas of the passages from the sole- ,flueS through said ports and the combustionflu'es along each-flue Wall being graduated in size continuously from one sideof the oven-- to the other, the greater areas being at the same side of the oven as the wider portion of the coking. chambers. 1 a 2.'A "coke oven having coking chambers with flue walls between them and having in each 'fl ue Wall' a line of combustion flues and and graduatedin proportion to the width of the coking chambers. Y

A coke ,oven having coking chambers which are wider at one side than at the other side of the oven with flue walls between them and having in each flue Wall a line of valve less combustion flues and having for each flue wall a pair of regenerators, a'pair of sole flues for supplying air to and taking combustion gas from said combustion flues at intervals along the length of each sole flue, said sole flues having at one end a sin gle opening'adapted to be used alternately for exhaustion of combustion gas and, on reversal of the oven, for admission of air and having openings between the sole fines and the combustion lines along each flue wallgraduated in size continuously from one side of the oven to the other, the wider openings being at the same-side of the oven as the wider portion of the coking chambers.

4. A coke oven having cokingchambers which are wider at one sidethan at the other side-of the oven with flue walls between them and having in each flue wall a line of combustion'fiues and a pair of sole fines for sup-V plying air to and taking combustion gas from 'saidcombustion flues at intervals along the length of each sole flue, said solefflues having at one'end a single opening adapted to be used alternately for exhaustion of com bustion gas-and, on reversal of the oven, for admission of air and having passages from the sole flues to the combustion flues along each flue wall, the effective areas of which passages are graduated in size continuously from one side of the ovento the other, the greater areas being at the same side of'the oven as the. wider portion of the coking chambers, in combination with regenerator chambers one for each sole flue and communicating with the latter at said one end" each flue Wall a line of combustion flues andhaving sole flues for supplying air to and taking combustion gas from said combusv tion flues at intervals along the length of each sole flue, there being two sole flues arranged end to end for each flue Wall, the effective areas of thepassages from each end-to-end pair ofsole flues through the combustion flues of the corresponding flue wall being graduated in size continuously from one side of the oven to the other.

6. A coke oven having coking chambers with flue walls between them .and'having in each flue wall a line of combustion flues and having sole flues for supplying air to and taking combustion gas from said combustion flues at intervals along the length of each sole flue, there being two sole flues arranged end to end for eash flue wall, the effective areas of the passages from each end-to-end pair of sole flues through the, combustion flues of the corresponding flue-[Wall being graduated in 'slz'e continuously ,from one side of the swam the other, each end-to-end pair of flues serving as admission flues while the adjacent pairs serve as exhaust flues.

7. A coke oven havin coking chambers With flue Walls between t em and having in each flue wall a line of combustion flues and having sole flues for supplying air to and taking combustion gas fromsaid combustion flues at intervals along the length of each sole flue, the tuy'res for the entrance 'of air at one end of a combustion flue from one ofsaid soleflues \and for the exit of products of combustion at its other end into another of said sole flues being graduated continuously from one end of the coking WILLIAM H. WRIG TQ I a have hereunto

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