US1441978A - Liquid-fuel burner - Google Patents

Description

JmL 9, 1923., 1,441,978@- W. E. GIBBS. 'LIQUID FUEL BURNER.

FILED NOV.4,192I 2 SHEETS-SHEE l.

s@ @WM Jan 9, 11923.. LMLUZU. vv. E. Glass.

LIQUID FUEL BURNER. t

FILED Nov-4. |921. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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lLllQUIlI-FUEL BURNER.

`llppllcattori tiled November t, will. aerial No. matta.

To all whom t may concern.'

lle it known that l,-`W1LLrAM E. Grens, a

i citizen of the lUnited States, and a resident of East Grange, in the county of lEsseX and State of New Jersey, have invented new and useful lmprovements -in Liquid-Fuel Burners, of which the following is a specification.

rllhis invention relates to liquid fuel burners and has for its principal object lto pro# vide a burner which will completely and smokelessly burn the cheaper `gradesof petroleum, generally known as fuel oils.

A further object is to suppress the roaring noise which lusually accompanies the operation of liquid fuel burners.

With these objects in view my invention consists primarily of a b urner in which a plate or pan is tprovided to which liquid fuel may be supplie and burned thereon, the hot products of combustion being conducted to and across the under side of the plate or pan, air being conducted to the combustion chamber through aduct whose walls are swept by the hot products of combustion". l

reverberatory and regenerative action 'is thus.

brought into play which keepsn the burnerhead (plate and combustion chamber walls) red hot and presheats the air on its way t o the combustion chamber. ditions complete and smokeless combustion of low grade fuel oils may be effected, the tarry residuums and particles of carbon being wholly consumed.

A further improvement consists in supplying only a portion of the air to the region of the burner plate, the remainder of the air required for complete combustion of the oil vapors being admitted to the exhaust flue at a point beyond the burner plate. By this means the roaring of the burner is diminished and the burner-head lkept hotter.

Still another `feature of my invention resides in providing the burner plate or pan with a layer of pervious material, preferably a finely comminuted refractory substance such as sand,wh ich layer acts as av wick to. distribute the liquid fuel over the surface of the plate and prevents the' fuel from assuming the spheroidal state.

@ther features will be pointed out in the following detailed description of two illustrative embodiments of my invention.

lln the drawings, lFig. 1 is a diagrammatic longitudinal Vertical section (partly in eleration) of a simple form of my invention;

Under these conlfig. 2 is ahorizontal section taken through lthe centre of the air duct in Fig. 1, parts being shown in plan; lFig. 3 is a perspective view (parts being broken away) of a preferred embodiment of my invention; lFig. 4l is a vertical section; and Fig: 5 is a plan view of the same.

Referring to the construction shown in lli`igs.-1 and 2, 8 is a blower., preferably driven by an electric motor 10, and having a discharge pipe 3 which is prolonged to form an 'air duct passing through the secondary combustion chamber 2. The air duct 3 terminates adjacent the upper surface of burner plate or pan 5 in the primary combustion chamber 1.

'lhe two combustion chambers are closed at one end `by a rounded wall lav which serves to deflect flames originating on top of the plate 5 to and across the under side of said plate and eventually into the exhaust flue 7 which may discharge into a suitable lchimney or stack.

A fuel supply pipe l, having any suitable controlling device such as a Valve 9, has its lower end raised a little from the plate 5 and feeds.oil to the plate by gravity. A layer of lsand 11 (previously referred to) is spread over the surface of the plate for the purpose previously mentioned. Preferably the plate 5 is slightly inclined outwardly so that the liquid fuel will flow alongy it from right to left.

lln the exhaust flue 7 grate bars 17 are .disposed for the purpose of supporting a coarse bed 7 of b-roken fire brick .or the like.

lhe operation of theburner is as follows:

'lhe flow of oil is started and as soon as it has saturated the sand on top of the burner plate it is ignited by a torch or other flame introduced through the' opening under the hinged cover 16. rllhe cover is then closed and the blower is started, whereupon the flames from the burning oil (for which the sand acts as a wick) are driven by the heated air currents across the upper surface of ltlll -the platel and are deflected by the wall 1 I' to the under side of the plate, and into the exhaust; flue, vwhere said flames play 'on the air. duct 3, thereafter passing through the bed of broken fire brick and issuing out of the top of the lire pot. lln a short time the burner plate and air duct become red hot and the Haine that then issues from the fireA potis white and smokeless.

:ietV

. of gases, material y In Figs. 3, Lland a practical form of my i `burner is illustrated, which may be made of cast iron, or,` as shown, the" external walls .of the fire pot may be composed of fire brick.

The top. wall is provided with a large ex- .haust opening and a smaller air port is provided in the right hand end wall. In this embodiment the burner plate is supported\ by'a sheet metal partition l5 which closes off the combustion chamber from the exhaust iiue. 7.*- A similar partition has a -ver- 2o erfplate It willbe observed that the particalv ortion -which forms another wall of the-ex aust'flue and an extensionwhich proed air under pressure and liquid 4jects'laterally beneath the burner plate and curves uparound thel outer end of the burntition 15 separates the exhaust-flue from ort and' forms the inner wall of an enveloplng air duct which leads air to the upper sideof the burner plate. The partition 15 is made preferably of iron or othermetal or material which is a good conductor of heat, in order to'v facilitate the transfer vofheat from the hot gases in the combustion chamber 2 to the airl in the air duct.

As previously stated, improved* results lare obtained if the air supply is divided somewhat less than the entire amount of air required for .complete combustion being conducted to the region of the burner plate.; for in thisl way, .the burner-head may be maintained atl a higher temperature and.

roaring will be appreciably reduced. With these ends in View, I provide perforations l2 in the partition 15 for admitting auxiliary-air to the combustion chamber 2 at a point where such auxiliary air will lnot impinge upon the burnerplate 5. `For controlling 'the relative proportions of the main and auxiliarysupplies having perforations complementary tothe perforations12 is provided, preferably with means external to the furnace for mani uylating thedamper, such as a handle 13.

fproperly adjusting the damper 13 conditions can be established in which surface combustion will take place in the broken fire brick..

This mode, of operation will be advantageous for some purposes, for example, where. to heat melting pots. f Y Except as specifically described above, the

construction and operation of the embodiment shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are the same .as have previously-been`pointed out in connection with Figs. land 2`. It is contemplated that my improved burner may bein- 'serted in any existing vfurnace designed for burning solid fuel, resting on the usual grate of air a damper 13 bars of such a furnace. Any suitable device for preliminarily igniting the fuel may be employed such as for example, a continuously burning over, any of the usual thermostatic devices may used to control theoil and air supplies but these are not shown or described as they do not form a part of my invention. vClaims:

. v1. A liquid fuel burner comprising a' Aburner late, means for supplying liquid fuel andp preheated air to the upper side of said plate and means for conducting the products of combustion t6 the `under side of said plate.

2.-' A liquid fuel burner comprising a burner plate, means for supplyi preheatuel to the 'upper side of said plate, and means for conducting theproducts of combustion to 7 the underside of said plate. 4 -7 3. A liquid fuel burner comprising a burner plate, means for supplying liquid fuel to the upper side of lsaid plate, an air conduit discharging to the Vupper side of said plate, and a1 conduit conducting the `products of combustionto and across the underside of said plate, said two conduits being contiguous, whereby the air in the first mentioned conduit absorbs heat from the products of combustion in the last mentioned conduit.

.4.A' liquid fuel burner comprising in combination, a furnace having an inlet port for air and a ue opening for products of combustion, of a burner plate disposed within said furnace, and means for supplying liquidV fuel to said plate, and a partition separating said port and fiile and terminait ing near said plate.

5. A liquid fuel burner comprising in combination, a furnace having an inlet port for air and a flue opening for products of combustion, of a burner late disposed within said furnace, means or supplying liquid fuel to said plate, and a heat conducting partition separating said port and flue and terminating near said plate.

6. A liquid fuel -burner comprising.. in combination, a combustion chamber, a burn- .er plate constituting a baffle in said combustion chamber, means for supplying liquid fuel to said plate, an air duct discharging to the upper side of said plate, and an exhaust flue communicating with the under side of said plate. v

7. A liquid fuel burner comprising in combination, a combustion chamber, a burner plate having three of its edges only Y incontact with the walls of the combustion chamber, meansfor supplying liquid fuel to said plate, an air duct discharging to the upper siderof said plate, andan exhaust fluecommunicating with the under side of said plate.

pilot flame of gas. More- I Manara 8. :i liquid fuel burner comprising in combination, a combustion chamber, a burner plate having three of its edges only in contact with the walls of the combustion chamber, means for supplying liquid fuel to said plate, an air duct discharging tothe upper side of said plate, and an exhaust flue communicating with the under side of said plate opposite to the edge of said plate which is spaced from the walls of the combustion chamber.

9. A liquid fuel burner comprising in combination, a fire pot, a burner plate constituting an incomplete partition in said tire pot, and forming upper and lower combustion chambers, means for supplying liquid fuel to said plate, a second partition beneath and spaced from said plate and having an upturned portion extending between an edge of said plate'and the wall of the fire pot, said second partition constituting the outer wall of the upper and lower combustion chambers and constituting the inner wall of an enveloping air passage, a port admitting air to-said air passage, and an exhaust flue communicating with said lower combustion chamber.

10. A liquid fuel burner comprising in combination, a combustion chamber, a burner plate in said combustion chamber, means for supplying liquid fuel to said burner plate, and exhaust flue communicate ing with said combustion chamber, and an air duct enveloping said combustion chamber and communicating therewith.

1l. A liquid fuel burner comprising in combination, a combustion chamber, a burner plate constituting an incomplete par- 'tition in said fire pot, means for supplying liquid fuel to said plate, an air duct discharging to the upper side of said plate, and an exhaust flue con'imunicating with the under side of said plate.

12. A liquid fuel burner comprising Vin combination, a burner plate, means for supplying liquid fuel to said plate, means for heating said plate, means for supplying air to the region of said plate, means for preheating the air before it reaches the plate,

an exhaust flue, and an auxiliary air inlet r in said flue.

13. A liquid fuel burner comprising in combination, a furnace having an inlet port for air and an exhaust flue, a burner plate disposed within said furnace, means for supplying liquid fuel to said plate, and a partition separating said port and flue and terminating near said plate, said partition having ports fouadmitting auxiliary air into said flue.

14. :l liquid fuel burner comprising in combination, a fire pot, a burner plate constituting an incomplete partition in said fire pot and forming upper and lower combustion chambers, means for supplying liquid fuel to said plate, a second partition beneath and spaced from said plate and having an upturned portion extending between an edge of said plate and the wall of the lire pot, said second partition constituting the outer wall of the upper and lower combustion chambers and constituting the inner wall of an enveloping air passage, a port admitting air to said air passage, and an exhaust Hue communicating with said lower combustion chamber, said second partition having ports for admitting auxiliary air into said flue.

15. A liquid fuel burner comprising in combination, a combustion chamber. a

burning plate in said chamber, means for supplying liquid fuel and air to said plate, an exhaust flue conmiunicating with the combustion Chamber` and a coarse pervious bed of refractory material in said flue.

16. liquid fuel burner according to Claim i4 having an adjustable inlet for auxiliary air in the flue between the burning plate and the bed of refractory material.

The foregoing specification signed at Grange, N. J., this 3rd day of Nov., 1921.

Willilillitllll E. GlllliS. lin presence of two witnesses: Au'rrriiiz (i. liiccimlm, Animer (i. Motion.

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