US1388451A - Oil-burner - Google Patents

Description

E. W. DUNN.

OIL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 28. 1917. IIENEWED IAN. 2o, |920.

1,388,45 1 l Patented Aug. 23, 1921.

2 SHEEIS-SHLEI I.

/NVEN T ,4 T TORNEI UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

OIL-BURNER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 23, 1921.

Application led May 28, 1917, Serial No. 171,345. Renewed January 20, 1920. Serial No. 352,915.

To all whom t may concern: y

`Be it known that I, EMANUEL W. DUNN, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of Los Angeles, State of California, have made a new and useful invention-to wit, Improvement in Oil'- Burners; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, concise, and exact description of the same.

Among the objects of my invention are to provide a fuel oil burner of simple construction, so combined and arranged that air is forced into the ses of the flame generated in the combustion chamber to accomplish perfect oxidization; to insure the entire consumption of Icarbon; and to prevent the formation of smoke and other losses due to imperfect combustion of the fuel oil.

In this specification and the annexed drawing, I illustrate the invention in the form that I consider to be the best, but it is to be understood that I do not limit myself to this form because the invention may be embodied in other forms, and it is also to be understood that in and by the claims following the description I desire to cover the invention in whatever form it may be embodied.

In the accompanying two sheets of drawigure l is a side elevation of a ortion of a cook stove-illustrating the a p ication of this invention to the fire box t ereof.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view with the burner illustrated in plan view from above the same.

Fig. 3- is a front elevation in cross section illustrating the same. n

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 illustrating a modification in the manner of lntroducing the fuel oil to the burner.

Fig. 5 is a front elevation in cross section illustrating the application of the 1nvention to what is commonly known as a gas lo xQFig. 6 is a cross section of the same taken on the line 6-6.

Fig. 7 is a modified form of fire box adapted for use in fire pots having natural draft. Fig. 8 is a cross section in perspective of a fire box having a modified means of introducing forced draft to the burner.

In the various structures and combinations illustrated in the drawlngs, the germinal idea is, application of air to the product of combustion at that point in the flame where the oxygen will unite with the particles or atoms of carbon driven off by the heat of combustion in such a manner that all of the combustible elements of the fuel will be entirely consumed, resulting in a clean, smokeless flame with attendant advantages.

Referring to Fig. 3, the burner includes the base 1 having the side and end walls 2 and 3, preferably integrally formed of cast iron or in any other suitable manner, to form an inclosing combustion chamber within which the flame is propagated. Oil is forced into the pipe 4 connected with the supply pipe 5, and controlled by the valve 6. The overflow pipe 7 is provided to odrain off any surplus accumulation of oil within the com bustion chamber or base to prevent an over supply of fuel accumulating therein, the overflow being preserved and returned to the source of fuel sup ly.

The fuel dropping from the pipe 4: spreads over the base 1, where it may be ignited by a taper or any other suitable flame. The fuel burning thus gives off a thick, black cloud of smoke, in which the greater roportion of the heat units would be dissipated and lost, if means were not provided for the promotion of more perfect combustion. In the present invention this means consists of -a perforate blast chamber 8, provided with the perforations 9 through the walls thereof above the base plate 1. This blast chamber is closed at the outer end by the cap 10and is connected to a supply plpe 11 connected with any suitable type -of blower (not shown) adapted to supply the necessary volume of air, controlled by the valve 12 in the supply pipe. The blast of air issuing through the perforations 9 at relatively high velocity and projected into the volume of combustion within the inclosed combustion chamber mechanically breaks up and atomizes the flame, causing con'fiicting air currents and eddies the agl- `tation ofl which permits the particles of oxygen to unite with the particles of carbon causing their. complete combustion, resulting in a flame without smoke or res1dual ash, except as to those non-combust1ble particles in the fuel, such as sand and thelike.

The oil spreading in a thin film on the base 1 presents a large surface in the process of combustion, giving off its more volatile constituents which rise into and are consumed in the higher zone of flame, while the air directed downwardly from the chamber 8 carries oxygen to the lower zone of combustion, consuming the heavier constitutents of the fuel. The air directed downward also tends` to retard the escape of the products of combustion until the fuel is entirely consumed permitting only the hot gases to rise from the combustion chamber.

The incandescent` gases esca ing from the combustion is less complete than by the method and means herein disclosed.

In the construction illustratedv in' Fig. 3 the fuelpipe 4 is carried through the air pipe 11 into the blast chamber 8. By this construction the fuel pipe 4 is kept cold by the inrushing air surrounding it preventing the absorption of heat by the fuel pi e 4, insuring Athat all the apparatus outsi e of the stove is kept cold and free from the disagreeable oder given off by warm fuel oil; also -preventing the formation of carbon or gummy deposits in the fuel pipe 4.

A slight modification of this structure is illustrated in Fig. 4, in which the fuel pipe 15 -is introduced through the wall 2 of the combustion chamber formed by base 1, this being a more convenient means of installation in some instances, without materially affecting the operation of the burner as a whole. c

Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate the application of this invention to a gas log heater, in which.

the combustion chamber is semi-cylindrical and provided with the overflow pipe 17 for carrying away surplus oil as described. The blast chamber 18 is provided with the perforations 19 for jetting the volume of air supplied to the pipe 20 connected to the blower. l The fuel is introduced through the pipe 21 carried up into the blast chamber and liberated through the nozzles 22-22, draining back into the combustion chamber as described. The incandescent gases rising from the combustion chamber come into contact with the log 23 provided with the perforations 24 emitting blasts of air supplied through the by-pass 25 controlled by the valve 26 and connected to the main supply pipe 20. The air escapingl from the log 23 further oxidizes the products of combustion and creates the interesting illusion that the log is actually burning.

Fig. 7 illustrates a further modification of the combustion chamber having a single wall 42 provided with perforations 43.

-The fuel is introduced through the pipes 44, ythe overflow passing out through the pipe 45, the flame being propagated on the base plate 46. The flame rlsing from the base plate 46 creates a suction or aspirating action which draws atmospheric air through the perforations 43 for the aeration of the flame. The air blast can be introduced to the combustion chamber through the pipe 47 if desired. This modification is particularly ada ted-for use in the open air or conned wit in furnace spaces having smoke stack or other induced draft.

Fig. 8 illustrates a fire box having single walls 48 of any desired shape. The fuel is introduced through the pipe 49, the overflow being carried off by the pipe 50, the fuel spreading out over the base plate 51, where it is ignited in the usual manner. The air blast is supplied through the pipe 52 terminating in the conical blast chamber suring the complete combustion of all fuel spread upon the base plate 51. This form is particularly adaptable where a large volume of diffused heat is required.

Attention is directed to the construction carryin out the process of this invention in which t e air blast is directed through that member of the structure subjected to the greatest heat, whereby the incoming blast of air tends to cool the blast chamber and prevent its burning out. Introduction of fuel through the blast chamber prevents the formation of carbon or hard or viscous accumulation within the fuel pipe, particularly at the exit nozzle thereof, insuring a free flowing of the fuel through the nozzle even in the presence. of excessive heat within the combustionv chamber.

By this invention the fuel is converted into heat by the natural process of separation of its various elements according to their gravity or volatility.l The fuel spread in a thin film over the base plate gives ofi its more volatile constituents by natural evaporation. These gases are, easily ignitable vfor the propagation of flame within the combustion chamber. The heat given off by the burnin gases is communicated to 'the thin film o oil driving therefrom the constituents of a high boiling point, that rise, mingle and ignite in the flame. This process continues progressively, until under the influence of the intense heat generated in the combustion chamber the heaviest constituiso vet

ents of the fuel rise and are consumed. The action of the air blast introduced into the combustion chamber in accordance with this invention is two-fold. The mechanical action of the jets of air issuing from the blast chamber breaks up and intermingles all of the gases into a homogenous combustible Whole, retarding their escape from the combustion chamber until every suspended atom in the flame is consumed or converted into heat. The oxygen of the air blast promotes the necessary chemical reactions in the fiame, whereby the Whole fuel is consumed with the exception of a residual ash containing no combustible elements. The quantity of this ash Will vary with the nature of the fuel. In the better grades the combustion is complete, leaving no residual ash.

While the invention has been disclosed and described in connection with the burning of oil fuels, it is equally applicable in connection with the combustion of hard fuel, such as coal, Wood, and the like, to produce more efficient consumption of the fuel With the attendant advantages of minimizing or entirely preventing the escape of smoke, soot, and disagreeable odors.

Having-thus described this invention, What l claim is:

l. An oil burner comprising la base provided With a combined vaporizing and combustion chamber, a perforated blast chamber above said combustion chamber, means for delivering combustible material into the combined vaporizing and combustion chamber close to the Wall of the blast chamber, whereby the said combustible material is instantly gasified as it is delivered, and means for delivering air into the blast chamber, the perforations in the blast chamber being ositioned to discharge air into the zone of) gases Within the combined Vaporizing and combustion chamber.

2. An oil burner combrising a base provided With a combined vaporizing and combustion chamber, a perforated blast chamber above said combustion chamber, a fuel feed pipe having its discharge end close to the blast chamber, whereby the fuel is instantly gasied as it is delivered, and means for delivering air into the blast chamber, the perforations in the blast chamber being position to discharge air into the zone of gases Within the combined vaporizing and combustion chamber.

3. An oil burner comprising a base provided With a combined vaporizing and combustion chamber, a perforated blast chamber above said combustion chamber, means for delivering combustible material into the combined vaporizing and combustion chamber close to the Wall of the blast chamber, whereby the said combustible material is instantly gasied as it is delivered, means for delivering air into the blast chamber,

the perforations in the blast chamber being positioned to discharge air into the zone of gases Within the combined vaporizing and combustion chamber, and a fuel overflow pipe leading from said combined combustion and vaporizing chamber.

4f. An oil burner comprising a base provided With a combined va-porizing and combustion chamber, a separate blast chamber supported by said base above the combined vaporizing and combustion chamber and provided With perforations, means for delivering combustible material into the combined vaporizing and combustion chamber close to the Wall of the blast chamber, Whereby the said combustible material is instantly gasified as it is delivered, and means for delivering air into the blast chamber, the perforations in the blast chamber being positioned to discharge air into the zone of gases within thecombined vaporizing and combustion chamber.

5. An oil burner comprising a base provided vvith a combined vaporizing and combustion chamber, a perforated blast chamber above said combustion chamber, a fuel supply pipe having a portion thereof extended through the blast chamber and having its discharge end outside of the blast chamber and close to the Wall thereof, whereby the fuel is instantly gasified as it is delivered, and means for delivering air into the blast chamber, the perforations in the blast chambe-r being positioned to discharge air into the zone of gases Within the combined vaporizing and combustion chamber.

6. An oil burner comprising a base pro vided with a combined vaporizing and combusion chamber, a perforated blast chamber above said combustion chamber, means for delivering combustible material into the combined vaporizing and combustion chamber close to the Wall of the blast chamber, Whereby the said combustible material is instantly gasified as it is delivered, means for delivering air into the blast chamber, the perforations in the blast chamber being positioned to discharge air into the Zone of gases Within the combined vaporizing and combustion chalmber, and a radiation member so positioned that .the flames and gases emanating from the blast chamber Will impinge thereagainst.

7. An oil burner comprising a base provided With a cumbustion chamber, means for delivering fuel thereinto, a perforated blast chamber", and a perforated radiation mem.- ber located above said blast chamber so positioned that the ames and gases emanating from said. blast chamber Will impinge the-reagainst, and. means for introducing air into said perforated member.

8. An oil burner comprising a base provided With an elongated combined vaporizing and combustion chamber, a tubular perforated blast chamber supported above the longitudinal median line of the Vaporizing and combustion chamber and rallel therewith, means for delivering com ustible material into the combined vaporizing and combustion chamber close to the wall of the blast chamber, whereby the said combustible material is instantly gasified as it is de liVered, and means for delivering air into the blast chzvmber, the perforations in the blast chamber being positioned to discharge air into the zone of gases within the combined vaporizing and combustion chamber.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto Set my this 10th day 0f May, 1917.

EMANUEL W. DUNN. In presence of- BALDWIN VALE,

A. J. HENRY.

hand, at San Francisco, California, 15

Images