UA73212C2 - Doser of a sowing system - Google Patents

Abstract

A doser of a sowing system contains a bunker for a sowing material, a shutter, made in such a manner as to allow controlling an electrical drive and setters of the open state of the shutter, and drains for the sowing material. The body of the doser is made as a split one and equipped with a damper to close passing of the seeds from a bunker and with working windows for cleaning the shutter. The shutter of the doser is made as a cylinder with grooves, which is freely rotates above the seed drain. The seed drain is shaped as a rectangle (a slot), the length of which equals the length of the shutter, and the width does not exceed diameter thereof. The grooves of the shutter are made perpendicular to rotational axis thereof and are shaped as a trihedral prism, a rib of which is deepened in the body of the shutter up to axis thereof.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention belongs to agricultural engineering, in particular to seeding devices, which are used during agricultural work on sowing seeds of various crops.

The level of technology to which the seeding system dispenser belongs is determined by known technical solutions, which are given below.

There is a well-known seeding system in which the spouts of the dispenser are made in the form of a slit, and the shutter is in the form of a cantilever flat spring controlled by an electric drive (patent of the Russian Federation Mo2056716, class AO1T C7/04, March 27, 1996). The free edge of the shutter with a small gap adjoins the variable collector plate with several drains in the form of calibrated pentagonal windows. The collector plate is installed above the drain of the dispenser. But, as the operation showed, it has some disadvantages, namely: - small seeds get to the electric drive, which is located in the dispenser housing and interferes with its normal operation; 12 - as a result of non-periodic pinching of the seed by the shutter, unevenness and instability of sowing appear, and the seed is injured; - due to the fact that the shutter opening amplitude is not adjustable, the range of crops is limited.

The closest technical solution that is claimed is a seeding system protected by a patent of Ukraine

Мо 28119 dated 16.10.2000, the dispenser of which is controlled by an electric drive installed externally, the shutter of the dispenser is made in the form of a plate that rotates freely above the drain for seeds and the rotation of which is controlled by the electric drive and sensors of the open state of the shutter, and the drain for seeds in the dispenser is made in the form of triangular window, with the possibility of closing it with a shutter.

The disadvantage of this design of the dispenser of the seeding system is that the seeds from the hopper are supplied with an unregulated flow and fall in a thick layer on the shutter of the dispenser. In order to return it to the specified angle of the open c 29 state, a significant effort of the stepper motor is required, that is, it works with an overload. Go)

After the end of sowing, or when changing the crop, the seeds remaining in the hopper must be removed manually, through special unloading windows, and the seeds remaining in the dispenser are simply poured onto the ground. Problems also arise when a foreign object hits, which legitimizes the shutter. In this case, you also have to select seeds from the hopper. It is impossible to sow seeds with one dispenser and multiple rows. "-

The invention is based on the task of getting rid of the shortcomings of the closest analogue, namely: reducing the load on the stepper motor of the electric drive, expanding the technological capabilities and quality indicators of the dispenser, as well as improving its maintenance

The solution to the task is achieved by the fact that the body of the dispenser is detachable and equipped

With a shutter for blocking the passage of seeds from the hopper and technological windows for cleaning the shutter. The shutter - the dispenser is made in the form of a cylinder with grooves, which rotates freely above the drain for seeds. The drain for seeds has a rectangular shape (slit), the length of which is equal to the length of the shutter, and the width does not exceed its diameter. The grooves of the shutter are made perpendicular to its axis of rotation and have the shape of a three-sided prism, the edge of which is recessed into the body of the shutter, to its axis. The number of grooves is equal to the number of coulters served by Z 70. The lower part of the dispenser - the collector, made variable, has partitions. The body of the dispenser and the shutter, at the request of the customer, are made of chemically resistant material. c" The proposed invention differs from the closest analogue in that the device of the dispenser with a slide valve allows you to regulate the flow of seeds supplied to it, and the implementation of the shutter as cylindrical will significantly reduce the load on the stepper motor, because it is not necessary to move the layer of seeds above it, as it is takes place in the closest analysis. The grooves made in the shutter allow capturing the same portion of the seed and thus improve the process of dosing it and increase the indicators of sowing instability. Installation of technological windows in the body of the dispenser facilitates the maintenance of the dispenser in the event of its failure. The design of the dispenser housing is detachable, allowing the hopper to be emptied of seeds automatically, and the design of the shutter with grooves and the collector with partitions allows multi-row sowing with one dispenser. And this, in turn, -shsh 20 allows you to reduce their number, that is, to simplify the design and reduce the energy load on the power supply unit. Making the body of the dispenser and the shutter from a chemically resistant material allows the use of a seeding system for applying mineral fertilizers.

The technical result of the invention is the improvement of quality indicators of sowing, expansion of operational and technological capabilities of the dispenser and improvement of its maintenance. 29 Fig. 1, 2, C shows the dispenser and its section along the axis.

GF) The metering unit of the sowing system consists of a housing 1, on top of which a hopper for seeds 2 is installed, and a removable collector 8 is installed below. on the axis of the dispenser and has the form of a cylinder with grooves, which rotates freely above the drain for seeds. The grooves of the shutter 4 are made perpendicular to its axis 60 of rotation and have the shape of a three-sided prism, the edge of which is recessed into the body of the shutter to its axis.

The rotation of the shutter is carried out by an electric drive 5. The body of the dispenser is equipped with a shutter 6, to block the passage of seeds from the hopper, technological windows 7, for cleaning the shutter and a collector 8 with partitions, for multi-row sowing with one dispenser. The collector 8 is connected to the dispenser body using a special lock 9. The outlet holes of the collector are installed in the wires for seeds 10. The gate 6, which blocks the passage of seeds from the hopper, has five fixed positions (the passage is closed, open at 2595, 50965,

75905, 10095). The position of the gate is fixed by the latch 11.

Before starting work, a certain operating mode of the shutter is set by the encoders (the angle of the initial open state of the shutter, the amplitude of oscillation, the duration of the open state of the shutter). Depending on the size and the required rate of seed sowing, a passage for seeds is established with the gate valve. When the seeder starts working, the seeds from the hopper 2 through the passage limited by the shutter 6 fall into the space above the shutter and fill the grooves on it. In this way, a standardized portion of the seed material is selected, which is fed by the valve 4 to the drain hole (slot) 3. Depending on the set parameters, the valve is deflected to a certain angle and delivers a portion of the seed to the collector with partitions 8, from where the seed falls into the soil through the wire 10. After 70 days of sowing, or in the event of a change of crop, the lock 9 on the dispenser is opened, the collector 8 is disconnected, a container for seeds is fed to the drain hole, the maximum operating mode of the dispenser is set and the seeds are released from the hopper automatically. In the event of "jamming" of the shutter (intrusion of a foreign object), the shutter 6 is closed, the technological windows 7 are opened and the shutter 4 is freed from the foreign object.

Thanks to this design of the dispenser, the quality indicators of sowing have been significantly improved, the technological and operational capabilities of the dispenser have been expanded, and its maintenance has been improved. Its detachable design, with a replaceable collector, makes the seeder universal. For example, for vegetable seeds, the shutter of the dispenser is made with one groove, equipped with one or two-row collector, for grain seeds, the shutter is made with three grooves and equipped with a six-row collector, etc.

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Claims (5)

The formula of the invention in 1. The dispenser of the seeding system, which contains a hopper for seed material, a shutter made with the possibility of controlling an electric drive and sensors of the open state of the shutter, drains for seed material, which is characterized by the fact that the shutter of the dispenser is made in the form of a cylinder with grooves, which has the ability to rotate freely over the drain for seeds, and the dispenser body is detachable and equipped with a gate valve to block the passage of seeds from the hopper, technological windows for cleaning the shutter and a collector with partitions for multi-row sowing with one dispenser. 2. Dispenser according to claim 1, which differs in that the grooves of the shutter are made perpendicular to its axis of rotation and have the shape of a three-sided prism, the edge of which is recessed into the body of the shutter, to its axis. WITH. The dispenser according to claim 1, which differs in that the drain for seeds has a rectangular shape (slit), the length of which is equal to the length of the shutter, and the width does not exceed its diameter. 5. Kk K-4. . . new Official Bulletin "Industrial Property". Book 1 "Inventions, useful models, topographies of integrated microcircuits", 2005, M 6, 15.06.2005. State Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. 6) s «- s (ze) and - - with . and? -I (95) ime) - 50 Ko) ime) 60 b5