RU2286039C2 - Seeding unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: seeding unit has seed hopper equipped with slot which is smoothly continued with rigidly mounted cylinder. Lower part of cylinder is made in the form of cone manufactured from elastic material and adapted for defining discharge window. Side surface of discharge window has recesses extending along perimeter thereof and imparting shape of petals thereto.

EFFECT: increased efficiency, provision for required seeding norm, improved uniformity of seed distribution in row and reduced damage to seeds.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, namely to seed drills.

Known metering device, including a hopper for seeds, a spring-loaded damper and a drive mechanism. In the lower part of the hopper, a cylinder is rigidly mounted, having a conical shape downward. The cylinder outlet is blocked by an elastic shutter mounted on a lever mounted on the side surface of the cylinder. Sowing of seeds is carried out as a result of the message damper oscillatory motion (Patent RU No. 2199850, 2003).

Its disadvantage is the jamming of seeds between the edges of the outlet and the moving flap at the moment of closing of the latter, which leads to an increase in the unevenness of sowing and to injury to the seed as a result of the forceful action of the flap on the seeds.

To ensure the necessary seeding rate, uniform distribution of seeds in the row and reduce their damage, a sowing apparatus is proposed, which includes a hopper with an exit slit that smoothly passes into a rigidly mounted cylinder with a conical lower part made of elastic material and having cuts around the perimeter, a spring-loaded elastic shutter and drive mechanism.

What is new is that the lower cone-shaped part of the apparatus, which forms the outlet window, is made of elastic material and has perimeter cuts that give the side surface the shape of the petals.

The elasticity of the outlet window reduces the force effect of the oscillating damper on the seeds, provides unimpeded movement of the seed layer along the generatrices of the cone at the time of blocking of the outlet by the surface of the damper, which reduces the injury to the seed.

Petals give additional flexibility to the side surface of the outlet window, which provides a more efficient cut-off of the moving seed flow, increases the reliability of the overlapping of the outlet, eliminates pinching of individual grains and reduces their damage by the edge of the shutter. All this increases the uniformity of the output of seed material into the vas deferens, reduces injury to seeds and ensures their high-quality sowing.

The implementation of this process is possible due to the proposed design, schematically depicted in figures 1 and 2.

Figure 1 - General view of the sowing apparatus;

figure 2 is a view of A.

The apparatus consists of a seed hopper 1 with a slit 2 (Fig. 1), smoothly passing into a rigidly mounted cylinder 3. In its lower part there is an elastic cone of the outlet window 4.

The lateral surface of the outlet window 4 is made of elastic material and has perimeter cuts that give it the shape of the petals 5 (FIG. 2). The movable shutter 6 is mounted on a hinge lever 7, which is mounted in the lugs 8 on the side surface of the cylinder 3. It overlaps the outlet 9 of the outlet window 4 and is a circle of elastic-elastic material such as fluoroplastic. The articulated arm 7 is spring-loaded with a stiff spring 10. The drive mechanism 11 imparts vibration to the articulated arm 7.

An example of the sowing apparatus.

The seeds located in the hopper 1, passing through the slot 2, fill the internal volumes of the cylinder 3 and the outlet window 4. The drive mechanism provides oscillatory movement of the hinged lever 7 and the shutter 6, which periodically opens and closes the outlet 9. When opening the shutter 6, the seeds through the outlet window 4 move under the force of the actual weight on the surface of the valve into the vas deferens. Seeding occurs. During the reverse stroke (closing phase), the shutter 6 actively acts only on the seed layer located in the outlet window 4. At the same time, the seeds located at the side surface of the window 4 and falling into the pinch zone, due to the presence of the petals 5, become unstable. Under the action of the closing flap 6, they either move upward along the generatrices of the elastic cone, or fall into the vas deferens, thereby ensuring reliable closure of the outlet 9 without damaging the seed material. This is facilitated by the elastic surface of the shutter 6.

In the absence of vibration of the articulated lever 7, it, under the action of the spring 10, closes the outlet 9 of the outlet window 4 with a flexible shutter 6, excluding the exit of seeds into the vas deferens. The device does not sow. The set seed rate is set by changing the opening value of the shutter 6 and changing the oscillation frequency of the articulated arm 7.

Using the proposed design of the sowing apparatus allows you to provide the necessary seeding rate, increase the uniformity of the distribution of seeds in the row by 7-10% and reduce the damage to the seed.

Claims (1)

The metering device, including a hopper with an exit slot, smoothly turning into a rigidly mounted cylinder with a conical lower part, a spring-loaded elastic damper and a drive mechanism, characterized in that the lower conical part of the cylinder forming the outlet window is made of elastic material and has cuts around the perimeter, giving its side surface the shape of the petals.

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