TWI744865B - 預防壓瘡用的減壓墊 - Google Patents
預防壓瘡用的減壓墊 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI744865B TWI744865B TW109112949A TW109112949A TWI744865B TW I744865 B TWI744865 B TW I744865B TW 109112949 A TW109112949 A TW 109112949A TW 109112949 A TW109112949 A TW 109112949A TW I744865 B TWI744865 B TW I744865B
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- pressure
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- 208000004210 Pressure Ulcer Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 206010011985 Decubitus ulcer Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
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- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
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Abstract
一種預防壓瘡用的減壓墊，包含一彈性層、一承載有接著劑的載膠膜、一水膠層及一離型膜。該彈性層由一慢回彈材料所製成。該載膠膜附著於該彈性層的一側。該水膠層附著於該載膠膜相反於該彈性層的一側。該離型膜覆蓋於該水膠層相反於該載膠膜的一側。本發明預防壓瘡用的減壓墊可有效預防壓瘡生成，且能有助於既有的壓瘡傷口癒合。
Description
本發明是有關於一種減壓墊，特別是指一種預防壓瘡用的減壓墊。
壓瘡(Pressure ulcer)又稱為褥瘡(bedsore)，是由於皮膚或其下層組織受到長時間壓迫所導致的局部細胞缺氧壞死，好發於長期肢體不活動的個體或是長期臥床的病人。
現有預防壓瘡的方式大多是透過替個體更換姿勢(翻身擺位)，並合併使用軟墊、氣墊或水墊等減壓輔具，以減少組織受壓的情況。
TW I586345提供一種預防壓瘡之減壓墊，其包含多孔泡棉減壓層、與皮膚接觸的親水性薄膜層及含有預設圖案的離型紙，可有效減低皮膚受到的壓力。然而，其薄膜層只能降低泡棉對於皮膚或傷口的摩擦力，對於壓瘡的傷口癒合沒有助益。
因此，本發明之目的，即在提供一種預防壓瘡用的減壓墊，可以克服上述先前技術的缺點。
於是，本發明預防壓瘡用的減壓墊包含一彈性層、一承載有接著劑的載膠膜、一水膠層(hydrogel layer)及一離型膜。該彈性層由一慢回彈材料所製成。該載膠膜附著於該彈性層的一
側。該水膠層附著於該載膠膜相反於該彈性層的一側。該離型膜覆蓋於該水膠層相反於該載膠膜的一側。
本發明之功效在於：該預防壓瘡用的減壓墊可有效預防壓瘡生成，且能有助於既有的壓瘡傷口癒合。
以下將就本發明內容進行詳細說明：較佳地，該水膠層的材料是由一含疏水性基團的多元醇與一含親水性基團的二異氰酸酯進行預聚合並經交聯及封端而得。更佳地，該疏水性基團是選自於聚丙二醇(PPG)、聚四氫呋喃(PTMG)或其組合，該親水性基團為聚乙二醇(PEG)，該多元醇為六元醇。
較佳地，該水膠層的厚度範圍為0.01~1.00cm。更佳地，該水膠層的厚度範圍為0.20~0.50cm。
較佳地，該載膠膜的材料是選自於聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氨酯、聚醯胺或其組合。在本發明的具體實施例中，該載膠膜的材料是聚氨酯。
較佳地，該載膠膜是選自於吹製而成的聚合物薄膜或高壓黏合而成的不織布。
較佳地，該接著劑是選自於熱熔膠、壓克力膠或聚矽氧(silicone)。在本發明的具體實施例中，該接著劑是熱熔膠。
在本發明的具體實施例中，該彈性層是可撓性多孔狀聚氨酯泡棉(flexible cellular polyurethane foam sponge)。
較佳地，該彈性層的材料是由一含疏水性基團的多元醇與一含疏水性基團的二異氰酸酯預聚物在聚矽氧、胺基矽烷類化合物及發泡劑的存在下進行聚合及發泡而得。更佳地，該二異氰酸
酯預聚物中的疏水性基團的重量平均分子量範圍為1500~6000g/mol，該多元醇中的疏水性基團的重量平均分子量範圍為200~1000g/mol，該聚矽氧的重量平均分子量範圍為1000~20000g/mol。在本發明的具體實施例中，該二異氰酸酯預聚物中的疏水性基團的重量平均分子量範圍為2000~3000g/mol。更佳地，該胺基矽烷類化合物是選自於(3-胺基丙基)三乙氧基矽烷(APTES)、(3-胺基丙基)三甲氧基矽烷(APTMS)、(3-胺基丙基)二乙氧基甲基矽烷(APDEMS)或其組合。更佳地，該疏水性基團是選自於聚丙二醇、聚四氫呋喃或其組合。在本發明的具體實施例中，該聚矽氧是聚二甲基矽氧烷(PDMS)，該胺基矽烷類化合物是(3-胺基丙基)三乙氧基矽烷(APTES)，該發泡劑是水。
較佳地，該彈性層的厚度範圍為1~10cm。更佳地，該彈性層的厚度範圍為2.5~3.0cm。
較佳地，依據ASTM D3574-17測試該減壓墊的落球回彈率小於30%。更佳地，依據ASTM D3574-17測試該減壓墊的落球回彈率小於10%。
1:減壓墊
11:彈性層
12:載膠膜
13:水膠層
14:離型膜
本發明之其他的特徵及功效，將於參照圖式的實施方式中清楚地呈現，其中：〔圖1〕是本發明預防壓瘡用的減壓墊的一實施例的結構示意圖；〔圖2〕是一示意圖，說明該實施例於使用時的狀態。
在本發明被詳細描述之前，應當注意在以下的說明內容中，類似的元件是以相同的編號來表示。
本發明將就以下實施例來作進一步說明，但應瞭解的是，該實施例僅為例示說明之用，而不應被解釋為本發明實施之限制。
參閱圖1，本發明預防壓瘡用的減壓墊1之一實施例包含一彈性層11、一承載有接著劑的載膠膜12、一水膠層13及一離型膜14。
該彈性層11由一慢回彈材料所製成。在本實施例中，該彈性層11是可撓性多孔狀聚氨酯泡棉，其尺寸為長20cm、寬15cm、厚2.5cm的長方體。
本實施例的彈性層11的材料是由以下步驟所製備：
步驟(a)：在密閉的氮氣環境中，將2,4-甲苯二異氰酸酯(2,4-TDI)與聚丙二醇二元醇(PPG 3000 diol)以莫耳比2：1的比例混合，在80℃中攪拌反應90min，利用FT-IR監測波數在2270cm-1處之NCO特徵峰的存在，以得到一每分子含有二個異氰酸酯基團的預聚物。
步驟(b)：在密閉的氮氣環境中，將該預聚物、聚丙二醇三元醇(PPG 400 triol)、水、聚二甲基矽氧烷(PDMS，重量平均分子量為1000~3000)、(3-胺基丙基)三乙氧基矽烷(APTES)以莫耳比1：1：0.4：0.3：0.3的比例混合，並添加0.1wt%辛酸亞錫(T9)(以上述所有成分之總重為100wt%)作為催化劑，在20℃
中攪拌反應5min，再於30~40℃中靜置24h使其發泡完全，得到一可撓性多孔狀聚氨酯泡棉。
該載膠膜12附著於該彈性層11的一側。在本實施例中，該載膠膜12是吹製而成的聚氨酯薄膜，其厚度約為0.7mm；該接著劑是聚異丁烯橡膠型熱熔膠。
該水膠層13附著於該載膠膜12相反於該彈性層11的一側。在本實施例中，該水膠層13的材料是由一含聚丙二醇的六元醇與一含聚乙二醇的二異氰酸酯進行預聚合並經交聯及封端而得。
本實施例的水膠層13的材料是由以下步驟所製備：
步驟(a1)：在密閉的氮氣環境中，將1,1,1-三羥甲基丙烷(TMP)與六亞甲基二異氰酸酯(HDI)以莫耳比1：3的比例混合，並添加0.05wt%三乙烯二胺(triethylenediamine,TEDA)(以TMP及HDI之總重為100wt%)作為催化劑，在80℃中攪拌反應90min，利用FT-IR監測波數在2270cm-1處之NCO特徵峰的存在，以得到三異氰酸酯中間物。
步驟(a2)：在密閉的氮氣環境中，將該三異氰酸酯中間物與聚丙二醇三元醇(PPG 4000 triol)以莫耳比1：3的比例混合，並添加0.05wt% TEDA(以該三異氰酸酯及PPG triol之總重為100wt%)作為催化劑，在80℃中攪拌反應90min，利用FT-IR監測波數在2270cm-1處之NCO特徵峰的消失，以得到含聚丙二醇的疏水性六元醇。
步驟(b)：在密閉的氮氣環境中，將聚乙二醇(PEG 1000 diol)與HDI以莫耳比1：2的比例混合，並添加0.05wt% TEDA(以PEG diol及HDI之總重為100wt%)作為催化劑，在80
℃中攪拌反應90min，利用FT-IR監測波數在2270cm-1處之NCO特徵峰的存在，以得到含聚乙二醇的親水性二異氰酸酯。
步驟(c)：在密閉的氮氣環境中，將該疏水性六元醇與該親水性二異氰酸酯以莫耳比1：6的比例混合，在80℃中攪拌反應90min，利用FT-IR監測波數在2270cm-1處之NCO特徵峰的存在，以得到一每分子含有六個異氰酸酯基團的第一預聚物。該第一預聚物的內部具疏水性而外部具親水性。
步驟(d)：在密閉的氮氣環境中，在該第一預聚物中以莫耳比2：0.2的比例加入聚乙二醇二胺(PEG diamine 5000)作為交聯劑，在80℃中攪拌反應90min，利用FT-IR監測波數在2270cm-1處之NCO特徵峰不再減弱，以交聯得到一含有3~6個異氰酸酯基團的第二預聚物。在本實施例中，該第二預聚物的重量平均分子量為52000g/mol。
步驟(e)：在密閉的氮氣環境中，在該第二預聚物中以莫耳比1：0.8的比例加入(3-胺基丙基)三乙氧基矽烷(APTES)，在80℃中攪拌反應90min，使該第二預聚物封端，利用FT-IR監測波數在2270cm-1處之NCO特徵峰的消失，以得到本實施例的水膠層13的材料。
在本實施例中，該水膠層13的厚度約為0.25cm。
該離型膜14覆蓋於該水膠層13相反於該載膠膜12的一側。
本實施例的減壓墊1是由以下步驟所製得：將該承載有接著劑的載膠膜12與該彈性層11黏合，再將該水膠層13的材料塗佈於該載膠膜12相反於該彈性層11的一側，以形成該水膠層13。
最後在該水膠層13相反於該載膠膜12的一側上覆蓋該離型膜14，以避免該水膠層13在接觸皮膚之前受到汙染或降低附著性。
依據ASTM D3574-17測試本實施例的減壓墊1的落球回彈率約為3%。
參閱圖2，當使用者欲使用本實施例的減壓墊1時，可將該離型膜14從該水膠層13上撕除後，再將連同該載膠膜12及該彈性層11的水膠層13貼附於骶骨(sacrum)處的皮膚上，即可減輕該處皮膚坐臥時受到的壓力。
綜上所述，本發明預防壓瘡用的減壓墊1藉由分別附著於該載膠膜12兩側的彈性層11及水膠層13，可有效預防壓瘡生成，且能有助於既有的壓瘡傷口癒合，故確實能達成本發明之目的。
惟以上所述者，僅為本發明之實施例而已，當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍，凡是依本發明申請專利範圍及專利說明書內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾，皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。
1:減壓墊
11:彈性層
12:載膠膜
13:水膠層
14:離型膜
Claims (12)
- 一種預防壓瘡用的減壓墊，包含：一彈性層，由一慢回彈材料所製成；一承載有接著劑的載膠膜，附著於該彈性層的一側；一水膠層，附著於該載膠膜相反於該彈性層的一側，該水膠層的材料是由一含疏水性基團的六元醇與一含親水性基團的二異氰酸酯進行預聚合並經交聯及封端而得，其中，該含疏水性基團的六元醇是由一三異氰酸酯中間物與一含疏水性基團的三元醇進行反應而得；及一離型膜，覆蓋於該水膠層相反於該載膠膜的一側。
- 如請求項1所述的預防壓瘡用的減壓墊，其中，該疏水性基團是選自於聚丙二醇、聚四氫呋喃或其組合，該親水性基團為聚乙二醇。
- 如請求項1所述的預防壓瘡用的減壓墊，其中，該水膠層的厚度範圍為0.01~1.00cm。
- 如請求項1所述的預防壓瘡用的減壓墊，其中，該載膠膜的材料是選自於聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氨酯、聚醯胺或其組合。
- 如請求項1所述的預防壓瘡用的減壓墊，其中，該載膠膜是選自於吹製而成的聚合物薄膜或高壓黏合而成的不織布。
- 如請求項1所述的預防壓瘡用的減壓墊，其中，該接著劑是選自於熱熔膠、壓克力膠或聚矽氧。
- 如請求項1所述的預防壓瘡用的減壓墊，其中，該彈性層是可撓性多孔狀聚氨酯泡棉。
- 如請求項1所述的預防壓瘡用的減壓墊，其中，該彈性層的材料是由一含疏水性基團的多元醇與一含疏水性基團的二異氰酸酯預聚物在聚矽氧、胺基矽烷類化合物及發泡劑的存在下進行聚合及發泡而得。
- 如請求項8所述的預防壓瘡用的減壓墊，其中，該二異氰酸酯預聚物中的疏水性基團的重量平均分子量範圍為1500~6000g/mol。
- 如請求項8所述的預防壓瘡用的減壓墊，其中，該疏水性基團是選自於聚丙二醇、聚四氫呋喃或其組合。
- 如請求項1所述的預防壓瘡用的減壓墊，其中，該彈性層的厚度範圍為1~10cm。
- 如請求項1所述的預防壓瘡用的減壓墊，其中，依據ASTM D3574-17測試該減壓墊的落球回彈率小於30%。
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| TW201711664A (zh) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-04-01 | 泰陞國際科技股份有限公司 | 預防壓瘡之減壓墊 |
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| CN205055127U (zh) * | 2015-10-14 | 2016-03-02 | 泰升国际科技股份有限公司 | 预防压疮的减压垫 |
| TWM558066U (zh) * | 2017-10-12 | 2018-04-11 | 銓泰日用品有限公司 | 醫療用靠墊套組 |
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