TWI298255B - Use of optically pure (s.s)-reboxetine in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of fibromyalgia or another somatoform disorder - Google Patents
Use of optically pure (s.s)-reboxetine in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of fibromyalgia or another somatoform disorder Download PDFInfo
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- TWI298255B TWI298255B TW094142128A TW94142128A TWI298255B TW I298255 B TWI298255 B TW I298255B TW 094142128 A TW094142128 A TW 094142128A TW 94142128 A TW94142128 A TW 94142128A TW I298255 B TWI298255 B TW I298255B
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- rebosting
- disease
- norepinephrine
- optically pure
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Description
1298255 . 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於治療個人*久插 ㈣人心各種疾病的方法 而言,抑制去甲腎上腺素的再吸收是有益的=病 本發明係關於治療方法,其包括 地-, 如(s,s)瑞博斯亭,此種化合物的藥理選擇性 :物’ 素再吸收位較血清辛為古。太恭 月上腺 ,月素“。本發明還關於含此化合物的,且 b物以及含此組合物的藥物的製備。 、 【先前技術】 許多型的抑鬱’精神、行為、及神經障礙都是源自使用 特定早胺神經傳遞質以傳遞信號的腦通路的紊i 經傳遞質包括’例如,去甲腎上腺素,血清素(5_ht),及 多巴胺。*甲腎上腺素含量比正常低時會引起各種症狀, 包括缺乏活力、野心及對生活的興趣。是以,正常量的去 甲腎上腺素在維持對理想的旺盛追求上是必要的。 此等神經傳遞質自神經元終端起始行進,跨過一小溝 (即突觸裂[synaptic cleft]),給合於次一神經元表面的受體 分子上。這種結合引起細胞内的變化,在後突出神經元 (postsynaptic neuron)開始或活化一聯串反應。神經傳遞質 傳回(即再吸收)入荊突觸神經元(preSy naptic neUr〇n)即發 生不活性(inactivation)。去曱腎上腺素傳遞上的不正常導 致各種型的壓抑’精神、行為、及神經學上的障礙,發生 各種症狀,包括缺乏活力、野心及對生活的興趣。見R. j. Baldessarini, "Drugs and Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders:
O:\106\106709.DOC 1298255 屬 Depression and Mania” in Goodman and Gilman’s The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,McGraw-Hill,NY,NY, 頁432-439 (1996)。 例如,瑞博斯亭(Reboxetine)(2-[(2-乙氧基苯氧基)(苯 基)甲基]嗎福啉)藉防止去甲腎上腺素的再吸收而提高生理 活性的去甲腎上腺素的濃度。瑞博斯亭是去甲腎上腺素再 吸收抑制劑,在抑鬱症的短期(即短於八星期)及長期治療 上都是有效的。事實上,於成年及老年病人,瑞博斯亭的 I 效果很似一般處方常用的氟苯氧丙胺(fluoxetine),丙咪嘻 (imipramine),及去甲丙口米唤(desipramine)。見S. A· Montgomery, Reboxetine: Additional Benefits to the Depressed Patient, 、 Psychopharmocol (Oxf) 11:4 Suppl·,S9_15 (Abstract) (1997) o 抗抑鬱藥有時以”代"(generation)分類。第一代包括單胺 幫 氧化酶抑制劑(如異峻p井[isocarboxazid]及苯基肼)及三環劑 (如丙咪嗪)。第二代抗抑鬱藥物包括如甲苯吡革 (mianserin)及氯喊三嗤酮(trazodone)之類的化合物。第三 t 代所包括的藥物稱作選擇性再吸收抑制劑(例如氟苯氧丙 胺(fluoxetine),色出 4木(sertraline),帕息停(paroxetine), 及瑞博斯亭(reboxetine)。此等藥物的特點在對一般認為涉 及抑鬱的三個主要多巴胺系統之一具相對選擇活性(即5-HT (血清素),去甲腎上腺素及多巴胺)。APP Textbook of Psychopharmacology (A. F. Schatzberg and C. B. Nemeroff),
American Psychiatric Press, 2d,ed·,(1998); Lexicon of Psychiatry,
Nuerology and the Neurosciences (F. J. Ayd,Jr.) Williams and
O:\106\106709.DOC 1298255 • Wilkins (1995)。瑞博斯亭(reboxetine)之抗抑鬱效果可由其 於鼠防止由resperine引起的眼瞼痙攣及低溫,β-腎上腺素 能受體向下調整及去甲腎上腺素成偶的腺甞酸環化酶之去 敏感化得到證明。見 Μ. Brunello and G. Racagni,"Rationale for the Development of Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors,’’Human Psychopharmacology,vol. 13, S_13-519, Supp· 13-519 (1998) o 根據Brian E. Leonard的調查,去曱丙味嗪、麥普替林 (maprotiline),及樂氟苯丙胺(lofepramine)都是已知有效果 > 的較選擇性的去甲腎上腺素再吸收抑制劑。此等物質增加 腦内的去曱腎上腺素,因而有解除抑鬱的效果。甲苯吡萆 (mianserin)及美耳他品(mirtazepine)也藉阻斷前突觸α2-腎 . 上腺能受體而使可利用的去甲腎上腺素增加,而顯出其類 似抗抑鬱劑作用。此等,4普替林(oxaprotiline),非嗤胺 m (fezolamine),及托莫西亭(tomoxetine)都是有效的選擇性 去曱腎上腺素再吸收抑制劑,缺乏神經傳遞質受體交互作 用.,是以不會引起傳統三環抗抑鬱劑的副作用。見Brian E. Leonard,’’The Role of Noradrenaline in Depression: A Review,’’ Journal of Psychopharmocology, vol. 11,No.4 (Suppl·),頁 S39-S47 (1997)。 瑞博斯亭(reboxetine)也是選擇性去曱腎上腺素再吸收抑 制劑,與傳統三環抗抑鬱劑一起給予時,其產生的副作用 較少。瑞博斯亭(reboxetine)的抗抑鬱效果可由其防止鼠由 resperine引起的眼臉痙攣及低溫,β-腎上腺素能受體向下 調整及去曱腎上腺素成偶的腺甞酸環化酶之去敏感化得到
O:\106\106709.DOC 1298255 證明。見 M. Brunello and G. Racagni,’’Rationale for the
Development of Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors/1 Human Psychophramacology,vol· 13,(Supp.) 13-5 19 (1998)。 瑞博斯亭(reboxetine)之一般敘述Melloni et al的美國專 利編號 4,229,449,5,068,433,及 5,391,735,也見於 GB2,167,407,今附上此等揭示供參考。從化學上言,瑞 博斯亭(reboxetine)有二對掌性中心,所以是以二個非鏡像 對稱立體異構物對映體偶存在,如下異構物(I)至(IV)所
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(S,R)2-[(2-乙氧基苯氧基)(苯基)甲基]嗎福啉 有許多有機化合物都是以光學活性形式存在的,即其有 旋轉平面極化光的平面的能力。說明光學活性化合物時, 字頭R及S用以表示其對掌性中心的分子的絕對構形。字頭 D及L,或(+)或(-),表示化合物使平面極化光旋轉的記 旒,L或(-)表示化合物左旋。相反,帶有〇或(+)字頭的化 合物是右旋的。絕對立體化學及對映體旋轉的命名間並無 相互關係。疋以’ D -乳酸與(-)-乳酸是相同的,l -乳酸與 (+)-乳酸也是相同的。就給予的化學構造而言,對映體對 中的每一個都是相同的,除非彼此是不能重疊的鏡像。特 定的立體異構物也可稱作是對映體,此類異構物的混合物 常稱作對映體,或外消旋,混合物。 醫藥範圍中立體化學純度是十分重量的,許多最常使用 的藥物都現對掌性。例如,β-腎上腺素能阻斷劑的L-對映 體奈心安(propranolol)的功效較其D-對映體強100倍以上。 O:\106\106709.DOC 11 1298255 * 此外,光學純度在醫藥範圍内是重要的,因為現已發現有 些異構物具易壞效果而非有益或惰性效果。例如,現相信 酞胺哌啶酮(thalidomide)之D-對映體在用以控制蛀娠期的 嘔吐時是安全並有效的鎮靜劑,而其對應的L_對映體相信 可能是致畸形物質.。 虽一分子内有一個對掌性中心時,即可能有四種立體異 構物··(R,R),(S,S),(R,S),及(S,R)。其中(R,R)A (s s) 為對映體偶的例(彼此為鏡像),有共同的化學性質及炼 點,就如同任何其他的對映體偶。此(R,R)及(s,s)的鏡像 並不疋重$的(R,S)及(S,R)。此種關係稱作非鏡像立體異 構物’(S,S)分子為(R,S)分子的非鏡像立體異構物,(r,r) 分子為(S,R)分子的非鏡像立體異構物。 現在從市場上購得的瑞博斯亭(reb〇xetine)只是對映體的 外消旋混合物,(R,R)及(S,S)為1:1比,此處所謂的屬名 ”瑞博斯亭(reboxetine)”意指其對映體,或外消旋混合物。 市場上瑞博斯亭(reboxetine)是以EDRONAX™ , PROLIFTTM,VESTRATM,及 NOREBOXtm之商品名出售。 如前所述,瑞博斯亭(reboxetine)可用以治療人抑鬱病。經 口給予的瑞博斯亭易於吸收,一天需給予一或二次。較佳 的成人每曰劑量為約8至10毫克。瑞博斯亭(reb〇xetine)兒 童的每日有效劑量,一般是約4至約5毫克。但個別病人的 適當的每曰劑量須由主治醫生以病人的體形,病人尚使用 的其他藥物,特定疾病的嚴重性及性質,病人其他條件作 考慮決定。 O:\106\106709.DOC -12- 1298255 但瑞博斯亭(reboxetine)的使用會因藥物-藥物交互作用 而產生不必要的副作用以及其他副作用,如眩暈,失眠, 頭昏,血壓改變,出汗,胃腸道失調,男性性無能,某些 類抗膽鹼效應(如心動過速及尿滯留)。現已發現,此等副 作用的出現部分是因為瑞博斯亭(reboxetine)對抑制去曱腎 上腺素的再吸收缺乏充分的高選擇性。換言之,瑞博斯亭 是充分阻斷了其他單胺類,如血清素及多巴胺,的再吸收 以到形成此等副作用。 有人報告,其他抗抑鬱劑在抑制去甲腎上腺素的再吸收 上有高藥理選擇性。例如,吟普替林在抑制去甲腎上腺素 的再吸收上,其藥理選擇性與血清素相比約為4166,此是 以Ki比值為準。去甲丙咪嗪的藥理選擇性為約377,而麥 普替林為約 446。見 Elliott Richelson and Michael Pfenning, ’’Blockade by Antidepressants and Related Compounds of Biogenic Amine Uptake in Rat Brain Synaptosomes: Most Antidepressants Selectively Block Norepinephrine Uptake,’’European Journal of Pharmacology,vol. 14,頁 277-286 (1984)。雖則嘮普替林,去曱 丙咪嗪及麥普替林有較高的選擇性,但此等化合物及其他 已知的化合物也會充分地阻斷其他神經傳遞質的受體,致 使也有不良副作用。 因之,此技藝需要一種治療患有抑制去曱腎上腺素再吸 收而有益的疾病的病人的方法,同時並減少或排除傳統去 曱腎上腺素再吸收抑制劑的不良副作用。也需要一種選擇 性地抑制去曱腎上腺素優於抑制其他神經傳遞質,如血清 O:\106\106709.DOC -13 - 1298255 緊張素及夕巴胺,的方法。特定地說,此技藝需要一種高 選擇性的(於一再吸收位)、有特異性的(對其他受體無活 Μ及有效的去甲腎上腺素再吸收抑制劑。此外,還需 要一種含高選擇性及有效的去甲腎上腺素再吸收抑制劑的 西藥組合物。尤其是,需要一種含此類醫藥組合物的藥 物,並利用此種組合物製造此類藥物。 【發明内容】 本發明-般導向於治療或防止各種人類疾病的組合物及 方,,於此等疾病中抑制去甲腎上腺素是有益的,更特定 地况,有延擇性力、有特異性的及有效的對去甲腎上腺素 的抑制是有盈的。進一步說,本發明係導向於此類疾病的 $文/口療或防止’其包括給予人類一種化合物,如瑞博斯 亭(reb〇xetine)或其光學上為純的(s,s)立體異構物。 口之,本發明一個具體實施例是導向於選擇性地抑制去 曱腎上腺素再吸收的方法,此法包括給予個別病人治療有 效量的組合物的步驟,組合物含血清緊張素(κ〇/去甲腎上 腺素(Ki)為至少約5000,較佳是至少約1〇,_,更佳是至 少約12,0〇〇的藥理選擇性的化合物。 本發明另-具體實施例是導向於治療患有此病的病人, 或防止忒病#方法’於該病中抑制去甲腎上腺素的再吸 收是有益的,此法包括給予個別病人治療有效量的組合物 勺/ ‘此組合物含血清緊張素去曱腎上腺素(^)為 至少約5卿,較佳是至少約1MGG,更佳是至少約 的藥理選擇性的化合物。
O:\106\106709.DOC -14- 1298255 9 本發明另一具體實施例是導向於用組合物製備藥物的方 法’此組合物含血清緊張素(Ki)/去甲腎上腺素(κ〇為至少 約5,000 ’較佳是至少約10,000,更佳是至少約12,000的藥 理選擇性的化合物,以治療或防止至少一種神經系統的疾 病’此等疾病選自成瘾疾病(包括酒精、尼古丁、及其他 具精神活性的物質的成瘾)及戒除症狀,適應不良疾病(包 括抑t ’焦慮,焦慮與抑鬱混合型行為,傳導不良,傳導 > 不良及行為混合型的障礙),因老年引起的學習與精神障 械(包括笑錄海默氏病),神經性厭食,冷漠,一般健康不 良所致的注意力缺失(或其他認知疾病),注意力缺失過動 疾病(ADHD) ’兩極性疾病,神經性貪食病,慢性疲倦病 、 徵,慢性或急性壓抑,傳導障礙,燥鬱循環疾病,抑鬱 • (包括青春抑鬱及小抑鬱),沮喪疾病,纖維肌痛及其他軀 體形疾病(包括躺體化疾病,轉化疾病,痛疾病,疑病 (hypochondriasis),身體變形疾病,未分化的軀體形疾 ,病,及軀體形NOS),一般化的焦慮疾病(GAD),過度(即 壓抑過度,先天壓抑過度,及混合型過度),吸入疾病, 中毒疾病(酒精成瘾),狂燥,偏頭痛,肥胖(即體重過 重),強迫觀念疾病及相關的疾病,反對性挑釁疾病 (oppositional defiant diS0rder),恐慌病,週邊神經疾病, 創傷後壓抑疾病,月經前煩燥(即月經前病徵及後黃體相 煩燥),精神疾病(包括精神分裂,情感性分裂及精神分裂 症樣的疾病),季節性情緒病,睡眠障礙(如發作性睡眠及 遺尿),社交恐懼(包括社交焦慮疾病),特定發展疾病,選 O:\106\106709.DOC -15 - 1298255 擇性血清素再吸收抑制(SSRI)”筋疲力竭”(p00p out)病徵 (即病人對SSRI治療開始一段時間有滿意反應後即不再 有令人滿意的反應),及TIC疾病(例如Tourette氏病)。 本發明另一具體實施例是導向於含血清緊張素(Ki)/去甲 月上腺素(Ki)為至少約5,000,較佳是至少約⑻,更佳 是至少約12,000的藥理選擇性的化合物的組合物在製造藥 物以治療前述神經系統疾病上的用途。 有血清緊張素(Ki)/去曱腎上腺素(κ〇至少約5,〇〇〇藥理選 擇f生的化口 4勿的例是光學上為純的基本上無(r,r)立體異 構物的(S,s)瑞博斯亭。以光學上為純的(s,s)瑞博斯 亭治療 的病人不會產生給予(R,R)及(s,s)瑞博斯亭外消旋混合物 斤毛生的不良田彳作用。所以本發明包括給予病人光學上為 純的(s綱博斯亭以選擇性地抑制去甲腎上腺素的再吸 收伙而I制、減少、或排除因給予瑞博斯亭外消旋混合 物所發生的不良副作用。 更特定地說’本發明另—具體實施例是導向於治療或預 防因抑制去曱腎上腺素受 、 叩又里的疾病的方法。此法包括給 予治療量,一般是約〇 5至的1 η古;, 至約1〇笔克/天的光學上為純的 (s,s)瑞博斯手或其醫藥上接 了接文的鹽的步驟。光學上為純 的(s,s)瑞博斯亭基本上是無(R,R)瑞博斯亭的。 光學上為純的(S,S)瑞博斯亭較前 古从、山#、人 丁旱乂刖用(R,R)及(s,s)瑞博斯 τ外消力疋混5物的治療或預防方 万万法為佳。特別是,現已發 現使用含光學上為純的(s s)瑞慕上 Μ組合物作治療較含 (,R)及(S,S)立體異構物的外消巧 肖疋’吧合物在抑制去甲腎上
O:\106\106709.DOC 1298255 腺素的再吸收上,其效果大約5至約8 5倍。所以,可用更 低的劑量達到阻斷再吸收。因之,本發明因為使用光學上 為純的(s,s)瑞博斯亭的關係,可減少習用的瑞博斯亭的劑 量達約5G%至約8G%。此外,因為(s,s)瑞博斯亭在抑制去 甲腎上腺素的再吸收上彳高度選擇性及有效性的關係使用 光學上為純的(S,S)瑞博斯亭可減少因治療所產生的不良副 作用。 本發明另-具體實施例是導向於治療或預防神經系統疾 病的方法’其包括給予病人治療有效劑量的外消旋瑞博斯 亭的步驟’其中此疾病至少是調整障礙之―,因年老而致 的學習及精神障礙’神經性厭食’冷漠,因—般健康不佳 所致的注意力欠缺’兩極性疾病,神經性貪食病,慢性疲 倦病徵’慢性或急性壓和p,慢性痛,燥鬱循環疾病,沮喪 疾病’纖維肌痛及其他艇體形疾病,a度疾病,狂燥,偏 頭痛’肥胖’週邊神經病變,外傷後壓抑,月經前煩燥, 精神疾病’季節性情緒病’睡眠障礙,特定發展疾病, SSRI ”筋疲力竭”病徵,及TIC疾病。本發明其他具體實施 例是導向於用含瑞博斯亭的組合物製備藥物及瑞博斯亭在 製備藥物以治療或預防至少—種上述神經系統疾病上的用 途。 本發明其他優點及特點,精於此技藝者在讀了下述詳細 說明及‘參考實例及後附申請專利範圍後是很易了解的。但 應U雖則本务明可由各種形式的具體實施例獲得了 解’下述本發明特定的較佳具體實施例只是說明性質的,
O:\106\106709.DOC 1298255 • 並非限制本發明於此處所述的特定具體實施例上。 【實施方式】 瑞博斯亭已知的化合物,對中樞神經系統具活性,常用 •作抗抑鬱劑。在此之前,瑞博斯亭前只限用於治療抑鬱, 反對性挑釁疾病,注意力缺失/過動疾病,以及傳導疾 病。此等用法揭示於international PuMicati〇n N〇s衝 99/15163’ WO 95/15176,及 WO 99/15177。此等治療方法 .限制於給予(S,S)及(R,R)瑞博斯亭立體異構物之外消旋混 合物。 瑞博斯亭的作用不同於多數抗抑鬱劑。它不同於三環抗 抑鬱劑,也不同於選擇性血清素再吸收抑制劑(SSRI),瑞 - 博斯亭於8-〇h-dpat低溫試驗中也無效,這顯示瑞博斯亭 • 並不是 SSRI。Brian E_ Leonard,"Noradrenaline in basic models of depression/» European-Neuropsychopharmacol, 7 Suppl. 1 ’ 頁S11-6 及 S71-3 (April 1997)。瑞博斯亭是選擇 .性去甲腎上腺素再吸收抑制劑,只有極少血清緊張素的再 吸收抑制活性,而無多巴胺再吸收抑制活性。瑞博斯亭於 不同的動物模型不展現抗膽鹼能結合活性,基本上無單胺 氧化酶(MAO)抑制活性。外消旋瑞博斯亭展現的血清緊張 素(I)/去曱腎上腺素(Ki)藥理選擇性約為80。此&值將於 後面作詳細討論。 本舍明另一具體貫施例包括選擇性地抑制去甲腎上腺素 再吸收的方法,此法包括給予病人治療有效量的組合物的 步驟’而此組合物含具血清緊張素(&)/去甲腎上腺素(Ki) O:\106\106709.DOC -18- 1298255 之藥理選擇性至少為約5,〇〇〇,較佳是至少約議 是至少約12,000的化合物。 旯住 本發明另-具體實施導 去甲瞥上始本… 守门於3有也清緊張素(Ki)/ 甲月上腺素(Ki)之藥理選擇性至少為約5,_,較佳是至 少約10,_’更佳是至少約12,_的化合物的組合物。本 發明組合物可用於治療或預防抑制S甲腎上腺素的再吸收 是:益的疾病、障礙、及情況(後有詳述此類化合物的
例上為純的瑞博斯亭(s,s)立體異構物,或 有效的鹽。 " 測疋一化合物結合於去甲腎上腺素再吸收受位的選擇性 程度時’是將化合物對血清緊張素再吸收位的抑制常數 (或&值)除以去甲腎上腺素再吸收位的&值。去甲腎上腺 素再吸收的Ki值越低表示對去甲腎上腺素受體的結合親合 性越大。較高的血清緊張素(Ki)/去甲腎上腺素(κ。比表示 較大的結合去甲腎上腺素受體的選擇性。因之,本發明是 導向於前述的組合物,此組合物含有血清緊張素(κ^去$ 腎上腺素(Ki)之藥理選擇性至少為約5,000,較佳是至少約 10,000’更佳是至少約12,〇〇〇的化合物。此外,可以邦像 得出,選擇值遠大於12,〇〇〇時,如25,〇〇〇,5〇,〇⑽, 75,000 ’甚至達i00,000以上時,仍是有益的。 本發明組合物,當以本發明所定有效量使用時,係對去 甲腎上腺素再吸收位具選擇性,但不會引起明顯的受體阻 斷而產生不必要的副作用,如血清素及多巴胺受體然。換 句話說,能抑制去甲腎上腺素再吸收的劑量的本發明組人 O:\106\106709.DOC -19- 1298255 物,必須是不會阻斷其他神經傳遞質受體的。抑制常數 (Ki值),一般以毫微莫耳(nM)單位表示,是根據Y. C. Cheng and W· Η· Prusoff;^’’Relationship Between the Inhibitory Constant (Kj) and the Concentration of Inhibitor Which Causes 50% Inhibition (IC5〇) of an Enzymatic Reaction,’1 Biochemical Pharmacology,vol. 22,頁 3099-3108 (1973)所述方法中之 IC5G值計算。 本發明另一具體實施例是導向於使用光學上為純的瑞博 斯亭(s,s)立體異構物以治療或預防以抑制去甲腎上腺素再 吸收為有益的疾病的方法。(s,s)瑞博斯亭是有效的去甲腎 上腺素再吸收抑制劑,因之,其劑量較外消旋瑞博斯亭低 得多。此外,以光學上為純的(S,S)瑞博斯争治療的病人不 產生如使用(R,R)及(S,S)瑞博斯亭外消旋混合物所產生的 不良副作用。因之,本發明另一具體實施例包括給予人類 治療量的光學上為純的(S,S)瑞博斯亭以抑制去甲腎上腺素 再吸收,並控制、減少、或排除因使用外消旋瑞博斯亭所 產的不良作用。 本發明又一具體實施例是導向於治療或預防人類疾病的 方法,其中抑制去甲腎上腺素再吸收是有益的。此法包括 給予個別病人,較佳是經口給予,總劑量〇·1毫克/天至約 10毫克/天,更佳是約〇·5毫克/天至約1〇毫克/天,的光學 上為純的(s,s)瑞博斯亭,或其醫藥上可接受的鹽的步驟。 此處所謂’’瑞博斯亭”一詞係指瑞博斯亭(R,R)及(s,s)對 映體的外消旋混合物。相反的,”(s,s)瑞博斯亭”則僅指 O:\106\106709.DOC -20 - 1298255 (S,S)立體異構物。同樣,”(R,R)瑞博斯亭”則僅指(R,R)立 體異構物。 ”光學上為純的(s,s)瑞博斯亭"及"基本上無其(R,R)立體 異構物_,意為組合物中含的(s,s)瑞博斯亭較队R)瑞博 4 丁為夕。於較佳具體實施例中,此二詞意謂組合物中至 = 90%重量比為(S,S)瑞博斯亭,1G%重量比或更少為(r,r) 而博斯丁於更佳具體實施例中,此二詞意謂組合物中至 少97〇/〇重量比為(s,s)瑞博斯亭,3%重量比或更少為(㈣ 瑞博斯亭。於尤佳具體實施例中,此二詞意謂組合物中至 = 99%重量比為(S,S)瑞博斯亭,1%重量比或更少為队幻 知博斯争。於最佳具體實施例中,此二詞"光學上為純的 ⑽瑞博斯亭”及”基本上無其(R,R)立體異構物”意謂組合 物中99%重量比以上為(s,s)瑞博斯亭。前述百分比是以组 合物中總瑞博斯亭的量為基準。”基本上無(r,r)瑞博斯亭” ,土本上光學上為純的(s,s)瑞博斯亭立體異構物”,"基 學上為純的(S,S)瑞博斯亭,,,”光學上為純的瑞博斯 詞也包括於上述量内。 用醫醫華藥上上可接受的鹽”或”其醫藥上可接受的鹽”諸詞係指 的二、由可接受的酸或驗,包括有機及無機酸及驗所製備 :鹽㈣:::::所用的活性化合物(即 的二括! 受的酸製備。適宜的醫藥上可接受 腦❹〜 ’、夂本甲酸,對位-漢苯基石黃酸,樟 ㈣夂’石厌酸’摔樣酸,乙燒石黃酸,富馬酸,葡糖酸,穀
O:\106\106709.DOC 1298255 , 胺酸,氫溴酸,鹽酸,氫碘酸,羥乙磺酸,乳酸,馬來 酸,蘋果酸,扁桃酸,甲烷磺酸,黏酸,硝酸,草酸,雙 羥莕酸,泛酸,磷酸,丁二酸,硫酸,酒石酸,對位-甲 苯續酸’等。是以,(s,s)瑞博斯亭的醫藥上可接受的鹽的 例包括,但不限於,醋酸鹽,苯甲酸鹽,|3_羥基丁酸鹽, 硫酸氫鹽,亞硫酸氫鹽,溴化物,丁炔_i,4_二酸鹽,庚酸 鹽’氯化物,氯苯甲酸鹽,檸檬酸鹽,二氫磷酸鹽,二硝 > 基苯甲酸鹽,富馬酸鹽,甘醇酸鹽,庚酸鹽,己炔―丨,心二 酸鹽’經基苯甲酸鹽,碘化物,乳酸鹽,馬來酸鹽,蘋果 酸鹽,爲桃酸鹽,偏磷酸鹽,甲烷磺酸鹽,甲氧基苯甲酸 鹽,曱基苯甲酸鹽,單氫磷酸鹽,莕_1_磺酸鹽,莕-2-磺 • 酸鹽,草酸鹽,苯基丁酸鹽,苯基丙酸鹽,磷酸鹽,鄰苯 • 一甲酸鹽’葉醋酸鹽,丙烷磺酸鹽,丙炔酸鹽,丙酸鹽, 焦磷酸鹽’焦硫酸鹽,癸二酸鹽,辛二酸鹽,丁二酸鹽, 硫酸鹽,亞硫酸鹽,磺酸鹽,酒石酸鹽,二甲苯磺酸鹽, • 等。(S,S)瑞博斯亭較佳的醫藥上的鹽是甲烷磺酸鹽,此係 用甲烷磺酸製備。 與瑞博斯亭有關的”副作用,,,”不良作用,,,及"不良副作 用諸^包括’但不限於,眩暈,失眠,頭昏,血壓改 又月腸不適,男人性功能不良,錐體外副作用,某些類 抗膽鹼能作用(例如心跳過速,眼花),及因藥物_藥物交互 作用而引起的不必要的副作用。 处所明’口療(treat)n ’”治療(treatment)’,,及治療 (treating)諸阔係指:⑷預防疾病,障礙,或情況發生於
O:\106\106709.DOC -22- 1298255
人,此種情況可能發展成疾病,障礙及/或情況,但未被 #斷出有此傾向;(b)抑制疾病,障礙,或情況,即遏止其 發展,及(C)消除疾病,障礙,或情況,即使疾病,障礙, 或情況退化。換句話說,此”治療(treat)”,"治療 (treatment)”,及”治療(treating)”延伸至預防(pr〇phylaxis), 即是"防止(prevent)",” 防止(preventi〇n),,,及"防止 (preventing),以及對已確立的情況的處理。因之,,,防止 (prevent)”,丨’防止(prevention)”,及”防止(ρΓ_ηίίη§)ι,諸詞 可以是給予人一種醫藥組合物,此人過去曾患有前述情 況,例如,偏頭痛,但在給予此組合物時並不患此等情 況。為簡化起見,此後所用,,情M(c〇nditi〇ns),,一詞包括情 況,疾病及障礙。 本發明彳法及組合物用於治療人的,隋況,於此等情況下 抑制去甲腎上腺素是有益的。此法包括給予的步驟,較佳 是經口給予足量的本發明組合物以提供個別人總劑量為約 〇·1至約10毫克/天的選擇性化合物。 更特定地說,給予本發明矣且人私 Θ、、且口物(例如,含光學上為純 的(s,s)瑞博斯亭的組合物)可有效治療各種人的情況,包 括,但不限於,成瘾障礙(包括酒精、尼古丁、及1他且 精神活性的物質的成瘾)及戒除症狀,適應不良疾病(包ς 抑鬱,焦慮,焦慮與抑鬱混合型行 ώ -、 订為,傳導不良,傳導不 良及行為混合型的障礙),因去生 Μ、 老年引起的學習與精神障礙 (包括愛紅海默氏病),神經性厭+, # 、 、 冷展,一般健康不良 所致的注意力缺失(或其他認知疾立 、 )〉主忍力缺失過動疾
O:\106\106709.DOC -23 - 1298255 ^病(ADHD),兩極性疾病,神經性貪食病,慢性疲倦病 徵,慢性或急性壓抑,傳導障礙,燥鬱循環疾病,抑鬱 (包括青春抑鬱及小抑蠻),沮喪疾病,纖維肌痛及其他軀 體形疾病(包括軀體化疾病,轉化疾病,痛疾病,疑病 (hypochondriasis),身體變形疾病,未分化的軀體形疾 病,及軀體形NOS),一般化的焦慮疾病(GAD),過度(即壓 抑過度,先天壓抑過度,及混合型過度),吸入疾病,中 毒疾病(酒精成瘾),狂燥,偏頭痛,肥胖(即體重過重), 強迫觀念疾病及相關的疾病,反對性挑釁病(〇pp〇siti〇nal defiant disorder) ’恐慌病,週邊神經疾病,創傷後壓抑疾 病,月經前煩燥(即月經前病徵及後黃體相煩燥),精神疾 , 病(包括精神分裂,精感性分裂及精神分裂症樣的疾病), • 季節性情緒病,睡眠障礙(如發作性睡眠及遺尿),社交恐 懼(包括社交焦慮疾病),特定發展疾病,選擇性血清素再 吸收抑制(SSRI)’’筋疲力竭,’(p00p 〇ut)病徵(即,病人對 丨 SSRI治療開始一段時間有滿意反應後即不再有令人滿意的 反應)’及TIC疾病(例如Tourette氏病)。 給予本發明組合物可很有效地治療成瘾障礙及戒除病 徵’適應障礙,冷漠,注意力缺失過動障礙,因醫學情況 所致的注意力欠缺,神經性貪食病,慢性疲倦病徵,慢性 或急性壓抑,抑鬱,沮喪疾病,一般化的焦慮障礙 (GAD),尼古丁成瘾,恐慌障礙,外傷後壓抑,月經前煩 燥,情感分裂障礙,及SSRI,,筋疲力竭,’病徵。此外,給予 (S,S)瑞博斯亭在治療或預防成瘾障礙及戒除病徵,冷漠,
O:\106\106709.DOC -24- 1298255 , 注意力缺失過動障礙,因醫學情況所致的注意力缺失障 礙,慢性疲倦病徵,慢性或急性壓抑,沮喪疾病,抑鬱, 尼古丁成癮,肥胖,外傷後壓抑,及SSRI "筋疲力竭,,病徵 尤為有效。 此處所謂”尼古丁成癮’’治療也包括停止吸煙的治療。前 述許多人的情況一般見於 American Psychiatric Association 的出版物("Diagnostic and Statistical Μ麵al of Mental Disorders,’’ 4th ed. rev. (Washington D. C. 1994)所述者,今一併 附上其揭示供參考。有關成瘾障礙,包括與中毒及吸入劑 有關的障礙’以及尼古丁成瘾見於多種標準參考文獻,如 R. E. Hales et al.3 MThe American Psychiatric Press Textbook of - Psychi价V’ 3d· ed. (1999),今一併附上其揭示供參考。 • 本發明組合物也可用於治療偏頭痛。此外,本發明組合 物可用於治療偏頭痛患者的頭痛或是患偏頭痛的人,包括 已有的頭痛症狀的治療,預防頭痛再發、增強或延長的治 .療’預防或降低偏頭痛的發生或縮短其期間,作為辅助劑 以增進無效藥物的效果或與其他藥物(包括無效的藥物)同 時給予以減少該等藥物的劑量(及副作用)。 本發明組合物的較佳具體實施例含(s,s)瑞博斯亭。現已 知市場上購得的瑞博斯亭是2_[(2_乙氧基苯氧基)(苯基)甲 基]嗎福啉的(R,R)及(S,S)對映體的外消旋混合物。現已發 現,(S,S)立體異構物在抑制去甲腎上腺素再吸收上是最活 性的和最選擇性的立體異構物。此外,在以光學上為純的 物科(即基本上無(R,R)非鏡像立體異構物)以前述劑量給予
O:\106\106709.DOC -25- 1298255 '^ 病人不會感到因使用一般可購得的瑞博斯亭所發 生的許夕田I]作用。而且還發現到,(s,s)及(R,R)對映體在 金/月素神經傳遞質方面與去甲腎上腺素神經傳遞質方面有 :反的k擇性’而光學上為純的(s,s)瑞博斯亭在抑制去甲 腎上腺素的再吸收方面明顯優於(R5R)對映體或(S,S)及 (R,R)對映體的外消旋混合物。 特疋地,兄,現已發現,含光學上為純的(以)瑞博斯亭組
合物在抑制〇腎上腺素再吸收方面較.含(R,R)對映體及 (S,s)對映體的外消旋混合物的組合物約5至倍。因之, 外消旋混合物(即市場上可靖得的瑞博斯亭)的劑量,在使 用光學上為純的(S,S)瑞博斯亭時,可減少約、50%至約 嶋。這種劑量減少並不導致效果的降低,但可觀察到各 種副作用已減少或消失。 進乂 -兄目為光學上為純的(s,s)瑞博斯亭選擇性地抑 制去甲腎上腺素的再吸收,而非選擇性地㈣血清緊張素 的再吸m清緊張素再吸收所導致的副作科可降低 或排除。此等不良副作用七& 民田J作用包括,但不限於,胃腸道奈亂, 焦慮,性無能,及因荦物鑪 _ 一 口杀物_樂物父互作用所產生的不必要 瑞博4 π外4凝混合物的合成揭示於Mei_ μ ^的姜 时利⑶9,449號。瑞博斯亭的個別立體異構物 褊博斯争外消旋混合物萝楫 士 的常用方法。此法包括:吾使用精於此技藝者❹ 括但不限於,以簡單結晶及色層分 析技術解才斤’例如於仙2,167,4〇7内所述者。
O:\106\I06709.DOC • 26 - 1298255 隹貝丨可以不需作任何調配而直接使用高選擇性去甲腎上 腺素再吸收抑制劑,但較佳的是以含有選擇性去甲腎上腺 素,吸收抑制劑的醫藥調配物給予。本發明組合物可以經 口早位劑形給予,如錠,膠囊,丸,散,或顆粒。本發明 組合物也可作非經腸給予(即經皮下、靜脈内、或肌肉内 給予)胃,其劑形是醫藥技術所已知的。本發明組合物也可 經直腸或經陰道給予,如塞劑或桿劑。本發明組合物也可 作局部或經皮給予,如使用含活性成分的"綷"。經皮給予 、半可用於作聯績的、搏動的、或需要即用的輸液方式給予 控制I的本發明組合物。本經皮投送絆的製造及使用的醫 藥技藝已知的,見於,例如,美國專利3,742,951, 3,742,951 ’ 3,797,494,3,996,934,4,031,894及5,023,252。 有時可能需要將含選擇性去甲腎上腺素再吸收抑制劑的 本發明組合物或醫藥組合物直接或間接送入腦内。直接技 術一般包括將適宜的藥物投送導管置於腦室系統内避開血 腦障礙(blood-brain barrier)。一種用於運送生物因子至特 定身體解剖區的適宜的投送系統見美國專利5,〇11,472號所 述,今一併附上其揭示供參考。 一般而言’本發明組合物的較佳給予途徑是經口給予, 每天給予一或二次。治療病人所用本發明藥物及劑量係根 據多種因素選擇’包括,例如,病人體型,年齡,體重, 性別及健康情況,疾病嚴重程度,給予途徑及所用特定化 合物是外消旋混合物或純對映體。一般醫生或精神病科醫 生很易決定並開出治療有效量的化合物以預防或停止疾病 O:\106\106709.DOC -27- J298255 的進行。如前所述,醫生或精神病科醫生開始時可使用較 低劑量,然後逐漸增加劑量以達最大反應。 、適於經Π給予的醫藥組合物可以是㈣方便的形式,如 A囊’錠’膠囊’ λ ’或喷霧劑’各含預先決定的活性化 :物的量’或是散或是顆粒,或是水性液體、非水性液體 内的溶液或懸浮液,或是水包、、由或 疋A a /由或油包水乳液。此等組合 广任何方法製備,包括將活性化合物與含一或多種所 '成分的載劑作密切混合。-般而言,此等組合物是以將 句生成分與液體載劑或磨細的固體載劑混合均自,然後將 產物製成所需的形式製備。 ..... 例如’鍵可藉壓或模塑技術製備,視需要並用_或多種 佐劑。壓錠可藉於適宜的機器内將活性成分壓成自由流動 的形式’例如散或顆粒。然後將壓成的自由流動的形式盘 結合劑、稀釋劑、滑潤冑、崩潰劑、起泡劑、染料、甘味 劑、濕潤劑、及無毒的藥理上無活性的一般見於醫藥組合 物内的物質壓成錠。模塑錠可藉將以惰性或液體稀釋劑濕 潤的散狀化合物組合物於適宜的機器内模塑製備。 用於醫藥製劑的適宜的結合劑包括,例如,澱粉,明 膠’甲基纖維素’阿拉伯膠’黃考膠,及聚乙烯吡咯烷 酮。用於醫藥製劑的適宜的稀釋劑包括,例如,乳糖,葡 萄糖’蔗糖’甘露糖醇,山梨糖醇,及纖維素。用於醫: 製劑的適宜的滑潤劑包括,例如,二氧化石夕,滑石粉,硬 脂酸’硬脂酸鎂或乙烯U於醫藥製劑的適 宜的崩潰劑包括,例如,澱粉,,及藻酸鹽。用於醫
O:\106\106709.DOC -28- 1298255 •藥製劑的適宜的濕潤劑包括,例如,㈣脂,聚山_ 醇,及月桂基硫酸醋。-般而言,任何起泡劑,染料,及 /或-般技術人員所知的甘味劑都可用於製備此醫藥組合 物。 此組合物(例如錠,小囊,或膠囊)每天劑量須含約〇 ι至 約10毫克光學上為純的(s,s)瑞博斯亭,且是基本上無 (R,R)立體異構物的。更佳是,此組合物每一劑量含約〇”5 鲁 i約8毫克活性成分’光學上為純的(s,s)瑞博斯亭,且是 基本上無(R,R)立體異構物的。尤佳是,此組合物每一劑 量含約0.5至約5毫克活性成分,如光學上為純的(s,s)瑞; 斯亭,且是基本上無(R,R)立體異構物的。此劑形可每天 ' 經口給予一或二次’提供約〇·5至約2.5毫克的每日劑量。 鍵的含量可為 0.1,〇.2,〇.3,0.4,0.5,〇.6,〇.7,Q 8,Q 9, 1.0 ’ 1.卜 1.2,1.3,1_4 ’ 1.5 ’ L6,口,! 8,i 9,2 〇,2」, 2.2 ’ 2.3 ’ 2.4,或2.5毫克光學上為約的(s,s)瑞博斯亭。 • 於另一具體實施例中,組合物(例如錠,小囊,或膠囊) 較佳的每日劑量含約至約G 9毫克光學上為約的(s,s)瑞 博斯亭,且是基本上無(R,R)立體異構物的。更佳是,此 組合物每一劑量含約〇 5至約〇·8毫克活性成分,光學上為 純的(S,S)瑞博斯亭,且是基本上無(RR)立體異構物的。 尤佳是,此組合物每一劑量含約0.5至約〇75毫克活性成 分,光學上為純的(S,S)瑞博斯亭,且是基本上無(R,R)立 體異構物的。此劑形可每天經口給予—次,提供約〇5至 約0.9毫克的每曰劑量。
O:\I06\106709.DOC -29- 1298255 . 患有抑鬱、尼古丁成癮、傳導障礙、反對挑釁障礙、及 /或注意力缺失過動障礙的病人會從使用本發明組合物受 益,特別是由含光學上為純的(s,s)瑞博斯亭的組合物受 盈,不管其是否尚有其他疾病。此等疾病的診斷標準見
American Psychiatric Association所出版的”Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, n4th ed rev (Washington D. C· 1994),及 International publicati0n Nos. WO 99/15177, WO 99/15176 及 WO 99/15163,今一併附上 此專揭不供參考。 此外心有成癌P早礙及戒除病徵,調整障礙,冷漠,注 意力缺失過動障礙、因為醫學情況而致的注意力缺失過 - 動、貪食症、慢性疲倦病徵、慢性或急性壓抑、抑鬱、心 里沮喪 般化的焦慮障礙(GAD) ’尼古丁成瘾,狂燥障 礙,外傷後壓抑障礙、月經前煩燥障礙、情感分裂障礙, 及SSRI ”筋疲力竭,,病徵的病人會從使用本發明組合物受 》 益,特別是由含光學上為純的(S,S)瑞博斯亭的組合物受 益。 口 又 此等障礙於兒童、年輕人及成人都展現類似的型態。因 之,本發明$法在治療力童、年輕人及成人病人上是有效 的。就本發明目的言,所謂兒童是青春期以下的人,年輕 人是青春期至18歲之間的人,成人一般指至少18歲以上的 汝剷所述,母一病人的適宜的每日劑量必須由主治醫 生考慮病人的體形、病人現用的其他藥物、疾病的嚴重 1*生及其他所有條件後決定。
O:\106\106709.DOC -30- 1298255 , 々别所述,瑞博斯亭有抗抑鬱的作用。但瑞博斯亭並不 似大多數抗抑鬱劑那樣作用。它不像三環抗抑鬱劑,也不 像選擇性血清素再吸收抑制劑(SSRI),瑞博斯亭於 DPAT低溫試驗無效,這表示瑞博斯亭不是選擇性血清緊 張素再吸收抑制劑。瑞博斯亭對去甲腎上腺素有選擇性。 瑞博斯令不是SRRI,但是一種新賴的、選擇性的、去甲腎 上腺素再吸收抑制劑(NRI)。B. Le〇nard,"N〇rad娜“加比 basic models of depression.» European-Neuropsychopharmacol 7 1SU-6及S71-3 (Apr.,1997)。不像多數前代的藥 物’瑞博斯亭是高選擇性的去甲腎上腺素再吸收抑制劑, 只有邊際性的血清緊張素再吸收抑制活性,無多巴胺再吸 收抑制活性。於不同動物模型瑞博斯亭不展現抗膽驗能結 S ’舌丨生.’也無單胺氧化酶(MAO)抑制活性。 瑞博斯亭也是高效的藥理特異性的及快活化劑。研究顯 不’.瑞博斯+具有效的抗利血平活性^論咖加狀 actmty)’在去甲f上腺素的再吸收上有傳統三環抗抑營劑 的性貝’有使β-腎上腺素能.受體功能去敏感化的能力,而 無可察出的於毒蕈驗、膽驗能、組織胺能、及…腎上腺素 能受體阻斷作用。此外,瑞博斯亭比三環抗抑醫劑有較少 的消除迷走神經作用的活性,也無心臟中毒的實證。 因之本發明另-具體實施例中,外消旋瑞博斯亭可用 7治療士預防多種精神及神經疾病。特定地說,現已發現 瑞博斯亭可用於治療或增強各種精神疾病或症狀的治療, 較已知藥物有更大的效果及較少的副作用。此外,瑞博斯
O:\106\106709.DOC •31 · 1298255 . π也可用於治療或增強其他精神症狀或障礙的治療。 以給予治療有效量的外消旋瑞博斯亭(或其醫藥上可接 受的衍生物)可治療或預防的精神及神經疾病包括,但不 限於,凋節障礙(包括抑鬱態,焦慮,混合焦慮及抑鬱 態,傳導紊亂,及混合的傳導與態的紊亂),因老年引起 的學習與精神障礙(包括愛茲海默氏病),神經性厭食,冷 淚,一般健康不良所致的注意力缺失(或其他認知疾病), .兩極性疾病,神經性貪食病,慢性疲倦病冑,慢性或急性 壓抑,傳導障礙,燥鬱循環疾病,抑鬱(包括青春抑鬱及 小抑鬱)’沮喪疾病,纖維肌痛及其他軀體形疾病(包括軀 體化疾病,轉化疾病,痛疾病,疑病(hyp〇ch〇ndriasis), , 身體變形疾病,未分化的軀體形疾病,及軀體形N0S), 過度(即壓抑過度,先天壓抑過度,及混合型過度),吸入 疾病中毋疾病(/酉精成癩),狂燥,偏頭痛,肥胖(即體重 過重),強迫觀念疾病及相關的疾病,恐慌病,週邊神經 _ 疾病,創傷後壓抑疾病,月經前煩燥(即月經前病徵及後 黃體相煩燥),精神疾病(包括精神分裂,情感性分裂及精 神分裂症樣的疾病),季節性情緒病,睡眠障礙(如發作性 睡眠及遺尿),社交恐懼(包括社交焦慮疾病),特定發展疾 病,選擇性血清素再吸收抑制(SSRI)”筋疲力竭,,〇价) 病徵(即,病人對SSRI治療開始一段時間有滿意反應後即 不再有令人滿意的反應),及丁IC疾病(例如氏病)。 與(S,S)瑞博斯亭相似,外消旋瑞博斯亭也可用以治療偏 頭痛’特別是用以降低偏頭痛的發生頻率,病期,強产或 O:\106\106709.DOC -32- 1298255 .其引起的併發症。此外,外消旋瑞博斯亭也可用以預防偏 頭痛。 此外,外消旋瑞博斯亭也可用以治療失禁(即壓迫性尿 失先天性壓迫性尿失禁,及混合形失禁)。壓迫性尿 失禁是一種症狀,是因腹部壓力增加,如咳嗽或打噴嚏, 而引起的不自主的排尿。壓迫性尿失禁也是一種臨床症 狀,當病人咳嗽或用力時即有尿從尿道口射出。失天性壓 迫性尿失禁是尿道括約肌無力的病理診斷,此可用尿動力 試驗(Urodynamic testing)診斷出。混合形失禁是壓迫性尿 失禁與急迫性失禁的混合。後者是膀胱過度活動的複合症 狀的一部分。尿儲留可能是因外流阻塞(如高尿道壓),逼 尿肌(膀胱肌)無力,或逼尿肌收縮與尿道鬆弛不協調所 致。 外消旋形式的瑞博斯争有良好的耐受性及寬安全範圍。 外消旋瑞博斯亭可以約2至約20毫克/病人/天(毫克/天)給予 病人,較佳是約4至約10毫克/天,更佳是約6至約1〇毫克/ 天視5周配物及病人情況而異,每天總劑量可以小量分二 至四次給予。瑞博斯亭一般是經口給予,例如,以鍵給 予,但也可非經腸、經皮、經直腸、或經陰道給予。 較佳給予外消旋瑞博斯亭的方法是每天經口給予一或二 次。也可以約2,4,6,8,10或12毫克/天或分成數次給 予。例如,適宜的給予方式是早晨給予約4毫克,再於下 午或傍晚給予約2或約4宅克。於某些病人,較理想的給予 方式是早晨約3至約5毫克,下午約3至約5毫克。精於此技 O:\106\106709.DOC -33- 1298255 • 云的w生或精神醫生能決定正確的投藥劑量。理想的投藥 方式一般是以臨床試探及特定病人的需要決定。 根據本發明,外消旋瑞博斯亭也可以其自由態的驗或其 西某上可接叉的鹽給予。”醫藥上可接受的鹽”或"其醫藥 上可接受的鹽,,諸詞係指用醫藥上可接受的酸或鹼,包括 前述有機或無機酸或鹼,與光學上為純的(s,s)瑞博斯亭所 成的瓜較佳的瑞博斯苧的醫藥上的鹽是曱烧磺酸鹽,此 係用甲烷磺酸所製備。 齡 上述障礙的治療或預防包括以能減少疾病症狀或障礙的 方式給予瑞博斯亭。一般而言,兒童、年輕人、及成人所 表現的症狀是相似的。是以,如前所述,本發明方法在治 • 療兒童、年輕人、及成人上是有效的。 實例 此實例顯示本發明組合物的優越的藥理選擇性及效果。 更特定地說,此實例顯示(s,s)瑞博斯亭的藥理選擇性及效 _ 果優於其(R,R)立體異構物及外消旋瑞博斯亭。 將重約250至約300克的Sprague-Dawley鼠去頭,立即取出 大細皮質組織。將大腦皮質於九容積的介質内用旋轉杵均 夤化’母一介夤内含0 · 3 2莫耳(M)蔗糖。將所得均質物於4 C以約1 00Oxg離心約1 0分鐘。收取上清液,再於4 °c以約 20,000xg離心約20分鐘。將各離心步驟所得蛋白質小丸再 懸浮於Kreb’s-Hepes緩衝液内,生成約2毫克/毫升緩衝液 内的蛋白質濃度。將此緩衝液維持於約7.0 pH,内含:2〇 mM Hepes ; 4.16 mM NaHC03 ; 0.44 mM KH2P04 ; 〇.63 O:\106\106709.DOC -34- 1298255 - mM NaH2P04 ; 127 mM NaCl ; 5.36 mM KC1 ; 1.26 mM CaCl2 ;及 0.98 mM MgCl2 o 將蛋白質/緩衝液懸浮於引入166個鑑定管内,使166支 管的每一管内加有約30微克(10_6克)至約150微克蛋白質(即 每一運轉蛋白鑑定作80個鑑定)。以下法測定結合於血清 緊張素與去甲腎上腺素再吸收位。以下法測定3H_去甲腎 上腺素的突出小體再吸收。用約1·4 nM [3H]-citalopram& 約1.9 nM [3H] niS0xetine分別給血清緊張素及去曱腎上腺 素再吸收為作標記。以100微莫耳(μΜ)氟斯亭 (fluoxetine)(供血清緊張素用)及1〇 _得斯巴胺 (desipramine)(供去甲腎上腺素用)界定出非特異結合。以 - 約500微升(卜1)總鑑定容積培養約60分鐘(供血清緊張素用) - 及120分鐘(供去曱腎上腺素用)。此二種培養都是於25 °C進 行,用48凹細胞收穫器經GFB過濾器(先以約〇5 pEi浸約* 小時)過濾入3x5毫升冰冷的200 mM的tds-HCl,PH 7.0内 • 結束培養。將打過洞的濾過器置於7毫升小瓶内,作液體 閃爍計數測定放射活性。 瑞博斯亭(即(R,R)及(S,S)瑞博斯亭外消旋混合物), (R, 11)¾博斯令’及(S,s)瑞博斯令結合於去甲腎上腺素及 血清緊張素再吸收位的能力用二種放射性配位體,[3h] citalopram及[3H] nisoxetine,作結合鑑定評估q以非線性 最小平方回歸分析測定於二再吸收位抑制5〇%特異結合所 需的試驗化合物的濃度。再將1(^值以下chmg_ Prassoff方程式轉化成&值:
O:\106\106709.DOC -35- 1298255
Ki=IC5〇/(l + ([L]/[Kd of L])) ^ 其中[L]是所用放射性配位體濃度,以nM表示,Kd*L 的結合親合性,以nM表示。見Y.C· Cheng and W.H·
Prusoff,丨1Relationship Between the Inhibitory Constant (Ki) and the Concentration of Inhibitor Which Causes 50%
Inhibition (IC50) of an Enzymatic Reaction,” Biochemical Pharmacology,vol. 22,頁 3099-3108 (1973)。 根據Cheng-Prassoff方程式計算出的Ki值如下表:
表 化合物 (S,S)瑞博斯亭 (R,R)瑞博斯亭 瑞博斯亭 去甲腎上腺素 再吸收(¾ nM) 0.23土0.06 7·0±1·7 Τ.6±0.6 血清緊張素 再吸收(¾ nM) 2937±246 104±43 Ϊ29±13 血清緊張素/去甲腎上 性 12,770 15 -------- 此數據顯示(s,s)瑞博斯亭在抑制去甲腎上腺素的吸收上
較知博斯争外消旋物強約五至八倍。此外,外消旋瑞博斯 帝在去甲腎上腺素再吸收抑制選擇性上較對血清緊張素的 再吸收抑制強81倍。出人意料的是,(S,S)及(R,R)瑞博斯 亭立體異構物對映體選擇性在抑制去甲腎上腺素及血清緊 張素方面是完全不同的。(S,s)對映體對抑制血清緊張素方 面很不好(即高Ki),所以,其對去曱腎上腺素再吸收位的 選擇性非常高。特定地說,對光學上為純的(s,s)瑞博斯亭 而言,血清緊張素的選擇性與去甲腎上腺素相比增加8 i (外消旋物)至12,7 7 0。因之,給予治療量的(S,S)瑞博斯亭 可有效地抑制去曱腎上腺素再吸收,但並不影響血清緊張 素的再吸收。同樣的,對去曱腎上腺素再吸收位及其他受 O:\106\106709.DOC -36- 1298255 體的作用還有分別。結果是,因血清緊張素再吸收及於其 他受體的阻斷所引起的副作用是不顯著的。
令人驚奇的是,此一效果並不見於(R,R)瑞博斯亭,而 疋〖° 〖°相反。在去甲腎上腺素再吸收方面,(R,R)瑞博斯 7較(S,S)瑞博斯亭是較弱的抑制劑,即對(r,r)瑞博斯亭 的親合性(Ki)是7 nM,而對(S,S)瑞博斯亭的親合性(κ〇是 3 nM此外,在抑制血清緊張素再吸收方面,(R,R)瑞 博斯争較(S,S)瑞博斯亭更有效,即(R,R)瑞博斯亭的&是 104 nM,而(S,S)瑞博斯亭的&是2937 nM。因之,(r,r)瑞 博斯τ對去甲月上腺素再吸收抑制選擇性較對血清緊張素 再吸收抑制選擇性為低。 μ
」S,S)瑞博斯亭比較㈣旋瑞博斯亭及(R,R)瑞博斯亭為 南的效果’可讓醫生有開有效劑量的去甲腎上腺素再吸收 抑制劑的處方的能力’只約10%至約20%的現在所用瑞博 斯亭(外消旋物)劑量的(s,s)瑞博斯亭即可於去甲腎上腺素 位達到同樣的再吸收抑制效果。此外,此光學上為純的 (s,s)瑞博斯亭令人驚奇的高抑制選擇性只限於去甲腎上腺 =的抑制’是以減少了因血清緊張素再吸收位受抑制及於 /、他文體受阻斷所產生的副作用。 :述說明只為清楚了冑,並無限制意義,在本發明範圍 内运可作許多似,對精於此技藝者而言是顯而易見的。
〇6\106709.DOC -37-
Claims (1)
- 1298255 • 十、申請專利範圍: -種光學上為純的(s,s)瑞博斯亭㈣。xetine)或其醫藥上 可接受的鹽之用途,其係用於製備用以治療或預防纖維 肌痛或其他軀體形疾病之藥物,該化合物基本 瑞博斯爭。 2.根據申請專利範圍第w之用途,其中該(s,s)瑞博斯亭 疋以0.1至10毫克/天的量給予。 ♦ 3.根射請專利範圍第2項之用途,其中該(s,s)瑞博斯亭 是以0·5至8毫克/天的量給予。 (根據申請專利範圍第3項之用途,其中該⑽瑞博斯亭 是以0.5至5毫克/天的量給予。 • 5.根據中請專利範圍第項中任—項之用途,其中該 . (S,S)瑞博斯亭之醫藥上可接受的鹽是甲烧續酸鹽。 6.根據申請專利範圍第山項中任一項之用途,其中光學 上為純的(S,S)瑞博斯亭或其醫藥上可接受的冑包含至少 籲 9〇%重1比的(s,s)瑞博斯亭,及少於10。/。重量比的(R,R) 瑞博斯亭’此係以其内的(s,s)及(R,R)瑞博斯亭的總重量 為準。 7.根據申請專利範圍第6項之用途’其中光學上為純的 (S’S)i^博斯τ或其醫藥上可接受的鹽包含至少97%重量 比的(S’S)瑞博斯亭,及少於3%重量比的(R,R)瑞博斯 亭,此係以其内的(S,S)及(R,R)瑞博斯亭的總重量為準。 8根據申請專利範圍第7之用途,其中光學上為純的(S,S) 鲕博斯苧或其醫藥上可接受的鹽包含至少99%重量比的 O:\106\106709.DOC 1298255 I • (S,S)瑞博斯亭,及少於1%重量比的(R,R)瑞博斯其,此 係以其内的(S,S)及(R,R)瑞博斯亭的總重量為準。 9 ·根據申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之用途’其中該軀 體形疾病包含纖維肌痛。 10.根據申請專利範圍第項中任_項之一,其中該躯 體形疾病包含軀體化疾痣 ^ ^ . t ^ 庚病、轉化疾病、痛疾病、疑病 症、身體變形疾病、未八 ^ 木77化的軀护形#病或軀體形 NOS。 蔽 # O:\106\106709.DOC
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14196899P | 1999-07-01 | 1999-07-01 | |
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