TW201813670A - 靶向gcc之抗體-藥物結合物 - Google Patents
靶向gcc之抗體-藥物結合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明係關於抗體-藥物結合物,其能夠將細胞毒性化合物遞送至表現鳥苷酸環化酶C (GCC)跨膜細胞表面受體之癌症。
Description
本發明係關於抗體-藥物結合物,其能夠將細胞毒性化合物遞送至表現鳥苷酸環化酶C (GCC)跨膜細胞表面受體之癌症。
GCC起維持腸液、電解質恆定及細胞增殖之作用。Arshad及Visweswariah,FEBS Letters
586:2835-2840 (2012)。在正常成年哺乳動物中,功能GCC係由襯於小腸、大腸及直腸裡之黏膜細胞來表現。該等細胞經歷增殖、遷移、分化及凋亡之恆定週期,且增殖與凋亡之間之不平衡可導致在胃腸道內形成腫瘤。Arshad及Visweswariah (2012)。 GCC係具有在解剖學上分室化之表現之表面蛋白,此允許選擇性靶向抗原表現腫瘤。GCC表現維持在腸上皮細胞之腫瘤轉變時,且在所有原發性及轉移性結腸直腸腫瘤中表現。Carrithers等人,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
93(25):14827-14832 (1996)。靶向GCC之藥劑無法穿透腸壁並到達通常發現GCC之位點,但可到達繼續在細胞表面上表現GCC之癌細胞。 大腸桿菌(E.coli
)耐熱腸毒素(GCC之配體)已闡述為用於將抗癌治療性蛋白質藥劑遞送至結腸直腸癌細胞之潛在靶向媒劑。Buc等人,Eur. J. Cancer
41(11):1618-1627 (2005)。另外,先前已展示,抗GCC抗體-藥物結合物在胰臟癌中具有針對GCC之活性。Veiby, International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics上呈現之Abstract PR12/B19,2013年10月19日-23日, Boston。然而,並非所有的抗體-藥物結合物皆符合進入臨床使用所需之生物特徵。 僅基於抗體特徵或藥物酬載特徵無法提前預測哪些抗體-藥物結合物將足夠安全且有效地用於臨床應用。舉例而言,具體藥物酬載在結合至針對一個靶之抗體時可發揮十分好之作用,但在結合至針對不同靶之抗體或甚至針對同一靶之不同抗體時可能無法發揮幾乎一樣好之作用。業內尚未充分理解不同抗體-藥物結合物展示不同的活體內抗腫瘤活性之原因以允許準確地預測新抗體-藥物結合物之設計。推測許多因素之不可預測之相互作用在起作用。該等因素可包括例如抗體-藥物結合物對靶抗原之結合親和力、該結合物穿透實體腫瘤之能力以及適當暴露於腫瘤而不引起毒性之循環半衰期。 僅抗體親和力即充分展示了複雜性及不可預測性。具有高親和力之抗體或抗體-藥物結合物具有較佳細胞攝取,此使得較大量之細胞毒性酬載釋放於細胞內。亦已知較高親和力增強抗體依賴性細胞細胞毒性(ADCC)。所有該等屬性有利於抗體-藥物結合物之細胞殺死性質。然而,亦已知抗體或抗體-藥物結合物之高親和力可藉助「抗原障壁效應」來防止高效的腫瘤滲透,此表明為達成強的活體內抗腫瘤活性,抗體-藥物結合物之親和力必須正好:不太高或不太低。迄今為止,業內未知如何預測對抗體-藥物結合物最高效或有效之親和度。 另外,活體內抗腫瘤活性無法僅藉由連接體及酬載機制來預測。舉例而言,O. Ab等人,Mol. Cancer Ther .
14(&):1605-1613 (2015)展示,當在臨床前癌症模型中進行測試時,經由不同連接體結合至相同抗微管蛋白毒素之相同抗體展現顯著不同的抗腫瘤活性。此實例尤其令人驚訝之原因在於,兩個連接體之化學結構極為相似。另外,存在於優異結合物中之連接體含有親水部分。親水代謝物通常不太可穿透膜,且認為自溶酶體(結合物降解位點)之流出較緩慢,此導致經釋放酬載之抗微管蛋白活性延遲。此發現支持酬載遞送之「理想」動力學,但迄今為止尚未理解構成該等動力學之要素。以下開放性問題使此更為複雜:即使針對具體細胞類型定義之酬載遞送之理想動力學是否仍將適用於所有細胞類型。因此,僅根據連接體或酬載之化學組成無法預測最有效的活體內抗腫瘤活性。 共用結合至不同抗體之同一連接體酬載(SPDB-DM4)之兩種抗體-藥物結合物(二者皆靶向液體腫瘤)進一步支持活體內抗體-藥物結合物活性之不可預測性。首先,發現抗CD33-SPDB-DM4結合物在活體內係無效的。S. Lapusan等人,Invest. New Drugs
30:1121-1131 (2012)。相比之下,已顯示抗CD19-SPDB-DM4結合物在臨床試驗中可有效地針對淋巴瘤。V. Ribrag等人,Clin. Cancer Res.
20(1):213-220 (2014)。 因此,並不令人驚訝的是,迄今為止尚無含有抗GCC抗體之藥品經批準用於癌症治療,更不必說可將細胞毒性劑選擇性地遞送至表現GCC抗原之癌細胞之抗體-藥物結合物。因此,業內迫切需要治療表現GCC之癌症之抗體-藥物結合物。
本發明部分提供抗體-藥物結合物,其包含結合至細胞毒性藥劑(CDA)之抗體分子,該抗體分子包含包括SEQ ID NO:1 (VHCDR1)、SEQ ID NO:2 (VHCDR2)及SEQ ID NO:3 (VHCDR3)之互補決定區(CDR)胺基酸序列的重鏈可變區(VH)及包括SEQ ID NO:4 (VLCDR1)、SEQ ID NO:5 (VLCDR2)及SEQ ID NO:6 (VLCDR3)之CDR胺基酸序列的輕鏈可變區(VL),該細胞毒性藥劑選自CDA-1ACDA-1BCDA-2ACDA-2BCDA-3ACDA-3B。 抗體分子可經由任何適宜連接體連接至CDA,該連接體係例如3-(2-吡啶基二硫基)丙酸N-琥珀醯亞胺基酯(SPDP)或4-(2-吡啶基二硫基)-2-磺基丁酸N-琥珀醯亞胺基酯(磺基-SPDB)。 在一些實施例中,抗體分子之VH包含SEQ ID NO:7之胺基酸序列或與SEQ ID NO:7至少85%一致之序列,且VL包含SEQ ID NO:8之胺基酸序列或與SEQ ID NO:8至少95%一致之序列。在一些實施例中,抗體分子包含重鏈,其包含SEQ ID NO:9之胺基酸序列或與SEQ ID NO:9至少95%一致之序列;及輕鏈,其包含SEQ ID NO:10之胺基酸序列或與SEQ ID NO:10至少95%一致之序列。 本發明之其他態樣包括使抗癌療法靶向表現GCC抗原之腫瘤細胞之方法、藉由投與本發明之抗體-藥物結合物來抑制腫瘤生長之方法、藉由投與本發明之抗體-藥物結合物來減小腫瘤大小之方法、及藉由投與本發明之抗體-藥物結合物來治療特徵在於表現GCC之癌症之方法。在一些實施例中,欲治療之腫瘤/癌症係胃腸系統之癌症(例如結腸直腸癌、食道癌或胃癌)。在一些實施例中,欲治療之腫瘤/癌症係胰臟癌。
除非本文中另有定義,否則結合本發明使用之科學及技術術語具有熟習此項技術者所通常理解之含義。通常,結合本文所述之細胞及組織培養、分子生物學以及蛋白質及寡或多核苷酸化學及雜交使用之術語及其技術係業內已知之彼等。抗體分子
如本文所用術語「抗體分子」係指包含SEQ ID NO 1-6之抗體或其抗原結合片段。抗體分子包括單鏈抗體分子(參見例如scFv,參見例如Bird等人Science
242:423-426 (1988)及Huston等人,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
85:5879-5883 (1988))及單結構域抗體分子(例如,參見W09404678)。「抗體分子」亦可指雙鏈及多鏈免疫球蛋白及醣蛋白。如本文所用術語抗體之「抗體片段」或「抗原結合片段」係指例如Fab、Fab'、F(ab')2及Fv片段、單鏈抗體、功能性重鏈抗體(奈米抗體)以及抗體之對GCC具有特異性之任何部分。抗原結合片段可藉由重組技術或藉由酶或化學裂解完整抗體來產生。術語抗原結合片段在用於具有輕鏈及重鏈之抗體之單鏈(例如重鏈)時意指,該鏈之片段足以使得當與另一條鏈(例如輕鏈)之完整可變區配對時,其結合將允許達利用整個重鏈及輕鏈可變區所見結合之至少25%、50%、75%、85%或90%。 術語「抗體分子」亦包括合成及經遺傳改造之變體。在一些實施例中,變體包含SEQ ID NO 1-6之CDR序列及分別與SEQ ID NO:7及SEQ ID NO:8至少95%一致之VH及VL序列。在一些實施例中,變體包含SEQ ID NO 1-6之CDR序列及分別與SEQ ID NO:9及SEQ ID NO:10至少95%一致之重鏈及輕鏈序列。在一些實施例中,抗體分子包含SEQ ID NO 1-6之CDR序列,其中在一或多個CDR序列中已製得1個、2個、3個、4個或5個保守胺基酸取代。在一些實施例中,抗體分子包含SEQ ID No 1-6之CDR序列,其中在一或多個CDR序列中已製得1個、2個、3個、4個或5個非保守胺基酸取代。該等胺基酸取代可藉由增加或減小抗體之親和力、親合力、締合速率(K 締合
)或解離速率(K 解離
)、從而向抗體提供有益性質(例如較佳腫瘤滲透、較高腫瘤累積、改變抗體依賴性細胞細胞毒性(ADCC)、較佳效能、較佳毒性特徵或較寬治療窗)來完成。例如,參見Rudnick等人,Cancer Res.
71(6): 2250-2259 (2011)中所述之親和力對實體腫瘤中抗體之攝取及滲透之效應。在一些實施例中,抗體分子包含SEQ ID NO:9及SEQ ID NO:10,其中一或兩個序列之恆定結構域已經修飾以改良穩定性、降低免疫原性或向抗體提供其他有益性質,例如改變的效應物功能。例如,參見Kubota等人,Cancer Sci.
100(9):1566-1572 (2009)、US 2006/0275282及美國專利9,085,625中所述之對恆定結構域序列之修飾。 在某些實施例中,用於本發明抗體-藥物結合物中之抗體分子包含人類恆定區。人類恆定區基因之序列可參見Kabat等人,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,
N.I.H.出版號91-3242 (1991)。人類恆定區基因亦可容易地自已知純系獲得。同型之選擇將由期望效應物功能(例如補體結合或抗體依賴性細胞毒性之活性)來指導。同型可為IgG1、IgG2、IgG3或IgG4。在具體實施例中,本發明抗體分子為IgG1及IgG2。可使用人類輕鏈恆定區κ或λ中之任一者。然後藉由習用方法表現嵌合、人類化抗體。 在一些實施例中,本發明之抗GCC抗體分子可將ADCC吸引至表現GCC之細胞(例如腫瘤細胞)。具有IgG1及IgG3同型之抗體因其結合Fc受體之能力可用於引發抗體依賴性細胞毒性能力方面之效應物功能。具有IgG2及IgG4同型之抗體因其結合Fc受體之能力較低可用於使ADCC反應最小化。在相關實施例中,可例如藉由經修飾真核細胞系之生長製備抗體Fc區中之取代或醣基化組成之變化以增強Fc受體識別、結合及/或調介抗GCC抗體所結合之細胞之細胞毒性的能力。例如,參見美國專利7,317,091;5,624,821;及公開案,包括WO 00/42072;Shields等人,J. Biol. Chem.
276:6591-6604 (2001);Lazar等人,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
103:4005-4010 (2006);Satoh等人,Expert Opin. Biol. Ther.
6:1161-1173 (2006)。在某些實施例中,抗體或抗原結合片段(例如人類源抗體、人類抗體)可包括改變或調整功能(例如效應物功能)之胺基酸取代或替代。舉例而言,人類源恆定區(例如,γ1恆定區、γ2恆定區)可經設計以減少補體活化及/或Fc受體結合。(例如,參見美國專利5,648,260;5,624,821;及5,834,597,其整個教示內容皆以引用方式併入本文中。)較佳地,人類源恆定區之含有該等胺基酸取代或替代之胺基酸序列在人類源之未改變恆定區之胺基酸序列之全長上具有至少約95%一致性,更佳地在人類源之未改變恆定區之胺基酸序列之全長上具有至少約99%一致性。 在另一實施例中,效應物功能亦可藉由調節抗體之醣基化模式來改變。改變意指缺失一或多個於抗體中發現之碳水化合物部分及/或添加一或多個在抗體中不存在之醣基化位點。舉例而言,具有增強的ADCC活性及缺少附接至抗體Fc區之岩藻糖之成熟碳水化合物結構之抗體闡述於US 2003/0157108中。亦參見US 2004/0093621。 另外或或者,可製備具有改變的醣基化類型之抗體,例如具有減少的岩藻糖基殘基量之經低岩藻糖基化之抗體或具有增加的平分型GlcNac結構之抗體。已展示該等改變的醣基化模式增加抗體之ADCC能力。該等碳水化合物修飾可藉由例如在具有改變的醣基化結構之宿主細胞中表現抗體來實現。業內已闡述具有改變的醣基化機構之細胞且其可用作宿主細胞,該等宿主細胞經改造以表現本發明之重組抗體,藉此產生具有改變的醣基化之抗體。舉例而言,EP 1,176,195闡述具有編碼岩藻糖轉移酶之功能破壞之FUT8
基因之細胞系,使得在該細胞系中表現之抗體展現低岩藻糖基化。WO 03/035835闡述具有降低的使岩藻糖附接至Asn(297)連接之碳水化合物之能力的變體CHO細胞系Lec13細胞亦產生在該宿主細胞中表現之抗體之低岩藻糖基化。亦參見Shields, R. L.等人,J. Biol. Chem.
277:26733-26740 (2002)。WO 99/54342闡述經改造以表現修飾醣蛋白之醣基轉移酶(例如β(1,4)-N乙醯基葡糖胺基-轉移酶III (GnTIII))之細胞系,使得在經改造細胞系中表現之抗體展現增加的平分型GlcNac結構,從而增加抗體之ADCC活性。亦參見Umana等人,Nat. Biotech.
17:176-180 (1999)。 在某些實施例中,抗體分子可為雙特異性、雙互補位或雙功能抗體,其中至少一個結合序列對包含SEQ ID NO 1-6之CDR序列。在一些實施例中,雙特異性或雙功能抗體之兩個結合位點包含SEQ ID NO 1-6之CDR序列。在一些實施例中,雙特異性或雙功能抗體包含SEQ ID NO 7及8之胺基酸序列或其包含與SEQ ID NO:7及/或SEQ ID NO:8至少95%一致之序列之變體。 用於本發明抗體-藥物結合物中之較佳抗體分子係WO 2011/050242中所述之全人類抗體分子,該專利中關於抗體分子5F9及其變體以及製備該等抗體分子之重組方法的揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。人類mAb5F9 (IgG2, κ)可由於2007年1月10日以登錄號PTA-8132保藏於美國模式培養物保藏所(American Type Culture Collection,ATCC)之雜交瘤46.5F9.8.2產生。然而,其他製備抗體之方法為業內所熟知。舉例而言,抗體分子可在藉由美國專利6,162,963、6,150,584、6,114,598及6,075,181中所述之XENOMOUSE™技術生成之轉基因小鼠中產生。其他產生抗體之轉基因小鼠可使用例如美國專利5,545,807、5,545,806及5,625,825中所述之微小基因座方法來製備。其他產生抗體之小鼠包括HUMAB-MOUSE™、KIRIN TC MOUSE™及KM-MOUSE®。 或者,可在經培養細胞中表現抗體分子。更特定而言,可自產生抗體之細胞選殖編碼具體抗體之序列且將其用於轉變適宜哺乳動物宿主細胞。在一些實施例中,自小鼠分離經免疫小鼠之脾及/或淋巴結淋巴球且平鋪於溶菌斑分析中,如先前Babcook等人,Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA
93:7843-7848 (1996)中所述。簡言之,將細胞平鋪於含有綿羊紅血球之瓊脂中,用GCC抗原包覆,且分泌針對GCC抗原之mAb之細胞將結合補體且立即溶解產生mAb之細胞周圍之紅血球。抽出清晰溶菌斑內之細胞以供免疫球蛋白序列測序且次選殖至表現載體中。隨後藉由ELISA篩選含有GCC特異性mAb之經瞬時轉染細胞之上清液且藉由流式細胞術篩選與細胞之結合。可使用所產生人類抗體之包含結合具體表位之CDR之可變序列或其一部分來產生經修飾抗體。舉例而言,可將所產生抗體之可變區剪接至表現盒中以便於構築體之轉移、增加構築體之表現及/或將構築體納入能夠表現全長抗體或其片段之載體中,如例如US 20060147445中所述。人類抗體亦可使用活體外活化B細胞來生成,如美國專利5,567,601及5,229,275中所述。 在一些實施例中,表現盒包含IgG同型之重鏈恆定區。人類恆定區基因之序列可參見Kabat等人(1991)Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,
N.I.H.出版號91-3242。人類恆定區基因可容易地自已知純系獲得。同型之選擇將由期望效應物功能(例如補體結合或抗體依賴性細胞毒性之活性)來指導。同型可為IgG1、IgG2、IgG3或IgG4。在具體實施例中,本發明抗體分子為IgG1及IgG2。在更具體實施例中,同型為IgG1。可使用人類輕鏈恆定區κ或λ中之任一者。 用於本發明抗體-藥物結合物中之抗體分子特異性靶向且結合至GCC之細胞外結構域。如本文所用「特異性結合」、「特異性地結合」或「結合特異性」意指,對於抗GCC抗體分子而言,抗體分子以大於其結合至非GCC蛋白(例如,BSA)之親和力結合至GCC,例如人類GCC蛋白。通常,抗GCC分子對非GCC蛋白(例如BSA)之Kd
將為其對GCC (例如人類GCC蛋白)之Kd
之2倍以上、10倍以上、100倍以上、1,000倍以上、104
倍以上、105
倍以上或106
倍以上。對GCC及非GCC蛋白(例如BSA)之Kd
之測定應在相同條件下實施。 兩個序列之間之「同源性」之計算可如下實施。出於最佳比較之目的比對各序列(例如可在第一及第二胺基酸或核酸序列中之一或二者中引入空位以供最佳比對,且出於比較之目的可忽視非同源序列)。出於比較目的比對之參照序列之長度為該參照序列長度之至少30%、40%或50%、至少60%或至少70%、80%、90%、95%、100%。然後比較相應胺基酸位置或核苷酸位置之胺基酸殘基或核苷酸。當佔據第一序列中之位置的胺基酸殘基或核苷酸與佔據第二序列中的相應位置之胺基酸殘基或核苷酸相同時,該等分子在該位置一致(如本文所用之胺基酸或核酸「一致性」等效於胺基酸或核酸「同源性」)。兩個序列之間之一致性百分比隨該等序列共用之一致位置數而變化,其中考慮為達成兩個序列最佳比對而需要引入之空位數及每一空位之長度。 兩個序列之間之序列比較及同源性百分比測定可使用數學演算法來實現。兩個胺基酸序列之間之同源性百分比可使用業內已知之任何方法來測定。舉例而言,Needleman及Wunsch,J. Mol. Biol.
48:444-453 (1970)中所述之已納入GCG軟體包中之GAP程式中之演算法,其使用Blossum 62矩陣或PAM250矩陣及16、14、12、10、8、6或4之空位權重及1、2、3、4、5或6之長度權重。兩個核苷酸序列之間之同源性百分比亦可使用GCG軟體包(Accelerys, Inc. San Diego, Calif.)中之GAP程式、使用NWSgapdna.CMP矩陣及40、50、60、70或80之空位權重及1、2、3、4、5或6之長度權重來測定。用於測定同源性之實例性參數集係Blossum 62評分矩陣以及空位罰分12、空位延伸罰分4及框移空位罰分5。 應理解,本發明之抗體及其抗原結合片段可具有額外保守或非必需胺基酸取代,該等取代對多肽功能無實質影響。亦應理解,本發明之抗體及其抗原結合片段可具有額外非保守胺基酸取代,該等取代對多肽功能無實質影響。無論具體取代是否具有耐受性(即是否不會不利地影響期望生物性質(例如結合活性))可如Bowie等人,Science
247:1306-1310 (1990)或Padlan等人,FASEB J.
9:133-139 (1995)中所述來確定。「保守胺基酸取代」係胺基酸殘基經具有類似側鏈之胺基酸殘基替代者。具有類似側鏈之胺基酸殘基之家族已在業內經定義。該等家族包括具有以下側鏈之胺基酸:鹼性側鏈(例如離胺酸、精胺酸、組胺酸)、酸性側鏈(例如天冬胺酸、麩胺酸)、不帶電極性側鏈(例如天冬醯胺、麩醯胺酸、絲胺酸、蘇胺酸、酪胺酸、半胱胺酸)、非極性側鏈(例如甘胺酸、丙胺酸、纈胺酸、白胺酸、異白胺酸、脯胺酸、苯丙胺酸、甲硫胺酸、色胺酸)、β-具支鏈側鏈(例如蘇胺酸、纈胺酸、異白胺酸)及芳香族側鏈(例如酪胺酸、苯丙胺酸、色胺酸、組胺酸)。「非保守胺基酸取代」係胺基酸殘基經任何其他胺基酸替代者。 「非必需」胺基酸殘基係可與結合劑(例如抗體)之野生型序列不同且不消除或不實質上改變生物活性之殘基。 本發明抗體-藥物結合物中之抗體分子將CDA吸引至表現GCC之癌細胞。本發明實例性抗體分子之胺基酸及核酸序列陳述於表1中。表 1 細胞毒性藥劑 (CDA)
用於本發明抗體-藥物結合物中之吲哚啉并苯并二氮呯衍生物已闡述為具有活體內高功效及/或高治療指數(最大耐受劑量對最小有效劑量之比率)。苯并二氮呯衍生物CDA-1闡述於美國專利8,765,740中,其關於CDA-1之揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。CDA-1係以磺化(CDA-1A)及非磺化(CDA-1B)形式存在:(CDA-1A)(CDA-1B) 其中M係-H或醫藥上可接受之陽離子,例如Na+
或K+
。CDA-1A或CDA-1B可呈任何醫藥上可接受之鹽形式。 CDA-2闡述於PCT/US2015/048064中,該專利中關於CDA-2之揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。與CDA-1一樣,CDA-2係以磺化(CDA-2A)及非磺化(CDA-2B)形式存在:(CDA-2A)(CDA-2B) 其中M係-H或醫藥上可接受之陽離子,例如Na+
或K+
。CDA-2A或CDA-2B可呈任何醫藥上可接受之鹽形式。 CDA-3闡述於PCT/US2015/048059,該專利關於CDA-3之揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。CDA-3係以磺化(CDA-3A)及非磺化(CDA-3B)形式存在:(CDA-3A)(CDA-3B) 其中M係-H或醫藥上可接受之陽離子,例如Na+
或K+
。CDA-3A或CDA-3B可呈任何醫藥上可接受之鹽形式。 如本文所用術語「醫藥上可接受之鹽」係指本發明化合物之醫藥上可接受之有機或無機鹽。實例性鹽包括(但不限於)硫酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、乙酸鹽、草酸鹽、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、硝酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、磷酸鹽、酸式磷酸鹽、異菸酸鹽、乳酸鹽、柳酸鹽、酸式檸檬酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、油酸鹽、鞣酸鹽、泛酸鹽、酒石酸氫鹽、抗壞血酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、馬來酸鹽、龍膽酸鹽、富馬酸鹽、葡萄糖酸鹽、葡糖醛酸鹽、糖二酸鹽、甲酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、麩胺酸鹽、甲烷磺酸鹽「甲磺酸鹽」、乙烷磺酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽、對甲苯磺酸鹽、雙羥萘酸鹽(即,1,1’-亞甲基-雙-(2-羥基-3-萘酸鹽))、鹼金屬鹽(例如鈉鹽及鉀鹽)、鹼土金屬鹽(例如鎂鹽)及銨鹽。醫藥上可接受之鹽可涉及納入另一分子,例如乙酸根離子、琥珀酸根離子或其他相對離子。相對離子可為穩定母體化合物上之電荷之任一有機或無機部分。另外,醫藥上可接受之鹽在其結構中可具有一個以上之帶電原子。多個帶電原子為醫藥上可接受之鹽之一部分的實例可具有多個相對離子。因此,醫藥上可接受之鹽可具有一或多個帶電原子及/或一或多個相對離子。 若本發明化合物為鹼,則期望醫藥上可接受之鹽可藉由業內可獲得之任何適宜方法來製備,該方法係例如用以下酸來處理游離鹼:無機酸,例如鹽酸、氫溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、甲磺酸、磷酸及諸如此類;或有機酸,例如乙酸、馬來酸、琥珀酸、苦杏仁酸、富馬酸、丙二酸、丙酮酸、草酸、乙醇酸、柳酸、吡喃醣苷酸(例如葡糖醛酸或半乳糖醛酸)、α羥基酸(例如檸檬酸或酒石酸)、胺基酸(例如天冬胺酸或麩胺酸)、芳香族酸(例如苯甲酸或肉桂酸)、磺酸(例如對甲苯磺酸或乙磺酸)或諸如此類。 若本發明化合物為酸,則期望醫藥上可接受之鹽可藉由任何適宜方法來製備,該方法係例如用以下鹼來處理游離酸:無機或有機鹼,例如胺(一級、二級或三級)、鹼金屬氫氧化物或鹼土金屬氫氧化物或諸如此類。適宜鹽之說明性實例包括(但不限於)衍生自胺基酸(例如甘胺酸及精胺酸)、氨、一級、二級及三級胺以及環胺(例如六氫吡啶、嗎啉及六氫吡嗪)之有機鹽,及衍生自鈉、鈣、鉀、鎂、錳、鐵、銅、鋅、鋁及鋰之無機鹽。抗體 - 藥物結合物
抗體-藥物結合物係將抗體組合為抗原靶部分且將藥物或酬載組合為細胞殺死或細胞毒性劑以選擇性遞送至表現抗原之細胞(例如表現抗原之腫瘤細胞)之複合分子。僅藉由結合對所選抗原靶具有親和力之抗體與細胞毒性劑通常無法預測該等類型之分子之性質(例如效能或安全性)。成功的抗體-藥物結合物之準則包括靶抗原結合及內化性質、細胞毒性活性、活體內效能、PK/PD特徵以及與使用該等抗體-藥物結合物相關之安全性及毒性問題。如下文工作實例中所示,本發明之抗體-藥物結合物各自展現期望性質。 用於本發明抗體-藥物結合物中之抗體分子可藉由任何適宜方法或如本文實例5中所揭示結合至細胞毒性藥劑(CDA-1、CDA-2或CDA-3),以產生以下抗體-藥物結合物:Ab-CDA-1AAb-CDA-1BAb-CDA-2AAb-CDA-2BAb-CDA-3AAb-CDA-3B 或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中M係-H或醫藥上可接受之陽離子(例如Na+
或K+
)且其中HN係包含重鏈SEQ ID NO:9之胺基酸序列及輕鏈SEQ ID NO:10之胺基酸序列的抗體。附接至抗體之NH基團係指該抗體之離胺酸殘基之胺基側鏈。 術語「抗體-藥物結合物」、「抗體結合物」、「免疫結合物」、「結合物」及「ADC」可互換使用且係指結合至非抗體部分(例如細胞毒性藥劑)之抗體。如本文所定義術語「連接體」、「連接體部分」或「連接基團」係指將兩個基團(例如抗體及細胞毒性化合物)連結在一起之部分。在一些實施例中,本發明之抗體-藥物結合物包含細胞毒性藥劑(CDA-1、CDA-2或CDA-3)及抗體,其中該細胞毒性藥劑共價連接至該抗體。在某些實施例中,本發明之抗體-藥物結合物包含細胞毒性藥劑(CDA-1或CDA-2)及抗體,其中該細胞毒性藥劑經由連接體(例如磺基-SPDB)共價連接至該抗體。在其他實施例中,細胞毒性藥劑(CDA-3)具有可與抗體直接形成共價鍵之反應性基團(例如N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺酯)。 多種適宜連接體(例如連結抗體分子與細胞毒性藥劑之異雙官能試劑)為業內已知。連接體可為例如在生理條件下(例如在細胞內條件下)可裂解,使得連接體之裂解使藥物釋放於細胞內環境中。在其他實施例中,連接體為不可裂解的,且藉由例如抗體降解釋放藥物。 連接體可鍵結至抗體部分上之化學反應性基團,例如鍵結至游離胺基、亞胺基、羥基、硫醇或羧基(例如鍵結至N末端或C末端、鍵結至一或多個離胺酸殘基之ε胺基、鍵結至一或多個麩胺酸或天冬胺酸殘基之游離羧酸基團、鍵結至一或多個半胱胺醯基殘基之巰基、或鍵結至一或多個絲胺酸或蘇胺酸殘基之羥基)。結合連接體之位點可為抗體部分之胺基酸序列中之天然殘基,或可藉由例如DNA重組技術(例如藉由將半胱胺酸或蛋白酶裂解位點引入胺基酸序列中)或藉由蛋白質生物化學(例如還原、pH調節或蛋白水解)將其引入抗體部分中。 通常,連接體在其連結之兩個基團連接之條件下實質上係惰性的。術語「雙官能交聯劑」、「雙官能連接體」或「交聯劑」係指以下改質劑:在連接體之每一端具有兩個反應性基團,使得一個反應性基團可首先與細胞毒性化合物反應以提供帶有連接體部分及第二反應性基團之化合物,該第二反應性基團隨後可與抗體反應。或者,雙官能交聯劑之一端可首先與抗體反應以提供帶有連接體部分及第二反應性基團之抗體,該第二反應性基團隨後可與細胞毒性化合物反應。連接部分可含有允許細胞毒性部分在特定位點釋放之化學鍵。適宜化學鍵為業內所熟知且包括二硫鍵、硫醚鍵、酸不穩定鍵、光不穩定鍵、蛋白酶/肽酶不穩定鍵及酯酶不穩定鍵。參見例如美國專利5,208,020;5,475,092;6,441,163;6,716,821;6,913,748;7,276,497;7,276,499;7,368,565;7,388,026及7,414,073。在一些實施例中,鍵係二硫鍵、硫醚鍵及/或蛋白酶/肽酶不穩定鍵。可用於本發明中之其他連接體包括不可裂解連接體,例如US 20050169933中所詳細闡述者;帶電連接體或親水性連接體,例如US 2009/0274713、US 2010/0129314及WO 2009/134976中所述者,該等專利中之每一者以引用方式明確併入本文中。 在一些實施例中,連接體可由存在於細胞內環境中(例如在溶酶體或胞內體或胞膜窖(caveolea)內)之裂解劑裂解。連接體可為例如由細胞內肽酶或蛋白酶(包括,但不限於,溶酶體或胞內體蛋白酶)裂解之肽連接體。在一些實施例中,肽連接體包含至少兩個、至少三個、至少四個或至少五個胺基酸長。在某些實施例中,肽連接體選自Gly-Gly-Gly、Ala-Val、Val-Ala、Val-Cit、Val-Lys、Phe-Lys、Lys-Lys、Ala-Lys、Phe-Cit、Leu-Cit、Ile-Cit、Trp-Cit、Phe-Ala、Phe-N9
-甲苯磺醯基-Arg、Phe-N9
-硝基-Arg、Phe-Phe-Lys、D-Phe-Phe-Lys、Gly-Phe-Lys、Leu-Ala-Leu、Ile-Ala-Leu、Val-Ala-Val、Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu、B-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu、Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly、Val-Arg、Arg-Val、Arg-Arg、Val-D-Cit、Val-D-Lys、Val-D-Arg、D-Val-Cit、D-Val-Lys、D-Val-Arg、D-Val-D-Cit、D-Val-D-Lys、D-Val-D-Arg、D-Arg-D-Arg、Ala-Ala、Ala-D-Ala、D-Ala-Ala、D-Ala-D-Ala、Ala-Met及Met-Ala。在一些實施例中,肽連接體選自Gly-Gly-Gly、Ala-Val、Ala-Ala、Ala-D-Ala、D-Ala-Ala及D-Ala-D-Ala。裂解劑可包括細胞自溶酶B及D及胞漿素,已知其皆水解二肽藥物衍生物而造成在靶細胞內釋放活性藥物(參見例如Dubowchik及Walker, 1999,Pharm. Therapeutics
83: 67-123)。利用細胞內蛋白水解釋放細胞毒性藥劑之一個優點在於該藥劑結合時通常減毒且結合物之血清穩定性通常高。 在其他實施例中,可裂解連接體具有pH敏感性,即,在某些pH值下對水解敏感。在一些實施例中,pH敏感性連接體可在酸性條件下水解。舉例而言,可使用可在溶酶體中水解之酸不穩定性連接體(例如,腙、半卡腙、硫代半卡腙、順式-烏頭醯胺、原酸酯、縮醛、縮酮或諸如此類) (例如,參見美國專利第5,122,368號;第5,824,805號;第5,622,929號;Dubowchik及Walker, 1999,Pharm. Therapeutics
83:67-123;Neville等人,1989,Biol. Chem.
264: 14653-14661)。該等連接體在中性pH條件下(例如在血液中)相對穩定,但在低於pH 5.5或5.0 (溶酶體之近似pH)下不穩定。在某些實施例中,可水解連接體係硫醚連接體(例如,經由醯腙鍵附接至治療劑之硫醚) (例如,參見美國專利第5,622,929號)。 在其他實施例中,連接體可在還原條件下裂解(例如,二硫化物連接體)。使得能夠經由二硫鍵連接抗體與細胞毒性化合物之雙官能交聯劑包括(但不限於) 4-(4-硝基吡啶基-2-二硫基)丁酸N-琥珀醯亞胺基酯、3-(2-吡啶基二硫基)丙酸N-琥珀醯亞胺基酯(SPDP)、4-(2-吡啶基二硫基)戊酸N-琥珀醯亞胺基酯(SPP)、4-(2-吡啶基二硫基)丁酸N-琥珀醯亞胺基酯(SPDB)、4-(2-吡啶基二硫基)-2-磺基丁酸N-琥珀醯亞胺基酯(磺基-SPDB)。磺基-SPDB闡述於例如美國專利8,236,319中,該專利以引用方式併入本文中。或者,可使用引入硫醇基團(例如2-亞胺基四氫噻吩、高半胱胺酸硫內酯或S-乙醯基琥珀酸酐)之交聯劑。在其他實施例中,連接體可含有先前所述之肽、pH敏感性或二硫化物連接體中一或多者之組合。 「異雙官能交聯劑」係具有兩個不同反應性基團之雙官能交聯劑。亦可使用含有胺反應性N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺基團(NHS基團)及羰基反應性肼基團二者之異雙官能交聯劑來連接細胞毒性化合物與抗體。該等市售異雙官能交聯劑之實例包括琥珀醯亞胺基6-肼基菸鹼醯胺丙酮腙(SANH)、4-肼基對苯二甲酸琥珀醯亞胺基酯鹽酸鹽(SHTH)及肼菸酸琥珀醯亞胺基酯鹽酸鹽(SHNH)。帶有酸不穩定連接之結合物亦可使用本發明之帶有肼之苯并二氮呯衍生物來製備。可用雙官能交聯劑之實例包括苯甲酸琥珀醯亞胺基-對甲醯基酯(SFB)及乙酸琥珀醯亞胺基-對甲醯基苯氧基酯(SFPA)。 本發明提供包含一或多種連接至單一抗體之細胞毒性藥劑之抗體-藥物結合物。藥物對抗體比率(DAR)表示每個抗體分子所連接之細胞毒性藥劑之數量。在多個實施例中,DAR介於1至15、1至10、1至9、1至8、1至7、1至6、1至5、1至4、1至3或1至2範圍內。在一些實施例中,DAR介於2至10、2至9、2至8、2至7、2至6、2至5、2至4或2至3範圍內。在其他實施例中,DAR為約2、約2.5、約3、約4、約5或約6。在一些實施例中,DAR介於約2至約4範圍內。DAR可藉由習用方法(例如質譜、UV/Vis光譜、ELISA分析及/或HPLC)來表徵。 本發明包括製備抗體-藥物結合物之方法。在一些實施例中,本發明結合物係藉由使抗體與交聯劑(連接體)及細胞毒性劑以順序方式接觸、使得抗體首先共價連接至連接體、且然後使預形成之抗體-連接體中間體與細胞毒性劑反應來製備。抗體-連接體中間體在接觸細胞毒性劑之前可經受或可不經受純化步驟。在一些實施例中,本發明結合物可藉由使抗體與藉由使連接體與細胞毒性劑反應預形成之細胞毒性劑-連接體化合物接觸來製備。預形成之連接體-細胞毒性劑在接觸抗體之前可經受或可不經受純化步驟。在其他實施例中,使抗體接觸一種反應混合物中之連接體及細胞毒性劑,從而允許在抗體與連接體之間及在連接體與細胞毒性劑之間同時形成共價鍵。此製備抗體-藥物結合物之方法可包括反應,其中使抗體接觸細胞毒性劑、然後將連接體添加至反應混合物中,且反之亦然。在某些實施例中,本發明之抗體-藥物結合物可藉由使抗體與具有嵌入式(built in)連接體之細胞毒性劑(例如CDA-3)接觸來製備。 製備抗體-藥物結合物之方法包括pH為3至9之緩衝溶液。在一些實施例中,緩衝溶液為pH4至9。在一些實施例中,緩衝溶液之pH介於7與9之間。在一些實施例中,緩衝溶液之pH介於8與9之間。在一些實施例中,緩衝溶液之pH為8.0。在其他實施例中,緩衝溶液之pH為8.7。 製備抗體-藥物結合物之方法包括具有不同離子強度之緩衝溶液。在一些實施例中,緩衝溶液之離子強度介於10 mM與300 mM之間。在一些實施例中,緩衝溶液之離子強度介於15 mM與200 mM之間。在一些實施例中,緩衝溶液之離子強度介於60 mM與150 mM之間。在一些實施例中,緩衝溶液之離子強度為75 mM。在其他實施例中,緩衝溶液之離子強度為130 mM。 在某些實施例中,製備抗體-藥物結合物之方法包括具有不同濃度之緩衝溶液。在一些實施例中,緩衝溶液之濃度介於10 mM與300 mM之間。在一些實施例中,緩衝溶液之濃度介於15 mM與200 mM之間。在一些實施例中,緩衝溶液之濃度介於60 mM與150 mM之間。在一些實施例中,緩衝溶液之濃度為75 mM。在其他實施例中,緩衝溶液之濃度為130 mM。 製備抗體-藥物結合物之方法使用業內已知之任何緩衝液或其任一組合。緩衝液之實例列示於Sigma Aldrich網站http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/core-bioreagents/biological-buffers/learning-center/buffer-reference-center.html上。緩衝液之實例亦包括(但不限於)磷酸鹽緩衝液、檸檬酸鹽緩衝液、琥珀酸鹽緩衝液及乙酸鹽緩衝液。在一些實施例中,緩衝溶液係HEPES (4-(2-羥基乙基)六氫吡嗪-1-乙磺酸)。在其他實施例中,緩衝溶液係EPPS (4-(2-羥基乙基)-1-六氫吡嗪丙烷磺酸)。 製備抗體-藥物結合物之方法包括有機溶劑,例如(但不限於) DMA (二甲基乙醯胺)及DMSO (二甲基亞碸)。在一些實施例中,有機溶劑係以佔緩衝溶液及有機溶劑之總體積1體積%至40體積%之量存在於結合反應中。在一些實施例中,有機溶劑係DMA且係以5%-20%之量存在。在一些實施例中,有機溶劑係DMA且係以10%之量存在。在其他實施例中,有機溶劑係DMA且係以13.5%之量存在。在其他實施例中,有機溶劑係DMA且係以15%之量存在。 製備抗體-藥物結合物之方法係在介於2℃與37℃之間之溫度下實施。在一些實施例中,溫度介於10℃與30℃之間。在一些實施例中,溫度介於15℃與25℃之間。在一些實施例中,溫度為25℃。在其他實施例中,溫度為22℃。 製備抗體-藥物結合物之方法允許結合反應進行2分鐘至2天。在一些實施例中,反應進行0.5小時至24小時。在一些實施例中,反應進行1小時至8小時。在一些實施例中,反應進行6小時。在一些實施例中,反應進行4小時。在其他實施例中,反應進行1小時。 在一些實施例中,製備本發明抗體-藥物結合物之方法進一步包含在形成結合物後添加具有高離子強度之淬滅溶液之步驟。在一個實施例中,淬滅溶液包含750 mM EPPS及150 mM組胺酸鹽酸鹽。在另一實施例中,淬滅溶液包含750 mM EPPS。在一些實施例中,淬滅溶液之pH介於5與6之間。在一些實施例中,淬滅溶液之pH係5.5。 在一些實施例中,淬滅溶液包含EPPS及組胺酸鹽酸鹽且在將淬滅溶液添加至結合反應混合物中後,所得混合物包含200 mM至400 mM EPPS及40-60 mM組胺酸鹽酸鹽。在一個實施例中,所得混合物包含250 mM至350 mM EPPS及40-60 mM組胺酸鹽酸鹽。在另一實施例中,所得混合物包含300 mM至350 mM EPPS及45 mM至55 mM組胺酸鹽酸鹽。 可使根據上述方法製備之抗體-藥物結合物經受純化步驟。純化步驟涉及業內已知用於純化蛋白質之任何生物化學方法或其方法之任一組合。該等方法包括(但不限於)切向流過濾(TFF)、親和層析、離子交換層析、基於任何電荷或等電點之層析、混合模式層析(例如CHT (陶瓷羥磷灰石))、疏水相互作用層析、粒徑篩析層析、透析、過濾、選擇性沈澱或其任一組合。醫藥組合物
在另一態樣中,本發明之特徵在於組合物(例如醫藥上可接受之組合物),其包括與醫藥上可接受之載劑調配在一起之本發明抗體-藥物結合物,如本文所述。 如本文所用「醫藥上可接受之載劑」包括任何及所有溶劑、分散介質、等滲劑及吸收延遲劑以及生理上相容之類似試劑。載劑可適於靜脈內、肌內、皮下、非經腸、直腸、脊椎或表皮投與(例如藉由注射或輸注)。醫藥組合物可包括一或多種其他賦形劑,例如鹽、緩衝液、張力改變劑、凍乾保護劑、非離子型清潔劑、表面活性劑及防腐劑。在一些實施例中,調配物緩衝液包含介於5 mM至300 mM範圍內之醫藥上可接受之緩衝液,包括(但不限於) pH介於2.5至9.0範圍內之組胺酸、琥珀酸鹽、tris或乙酸鹽。在其他實施例中,調配物緩衝液包含賦形劑,例如L-脯胺酸、L-精胺酸、環糊精(例如γ環糊精(例如Captisol®
)及其類似物)、聚乙二醇、蔗糖、海藻糖、亞硫酸氫鈉或業內已知在產生期間或儲存時穩定蛋白質或免疫結合物且使高分子量物質形成或藥物自ADC去結合最小化的任何其他賦形劑。 組合物可呈多種形式。該等形式包括例如液體、半固體及固體劑型,例如液體溶液(例如,可注射及可輸注溶液)、分散液或懸浮液、脂質體及栓劑。較佳形式取決於預期投與模式及治療應用。一些典型組合物呈意欲用於非經腸投與(例如靜脈內、皮下、腹膜內、肌內)之可注射或可輸注溶液形式。在一些實施例中,抗體係藉由靜脈內輸注或注射來投與。在其他實施例中,抗體係藉由肌內或皮下注射來投與。 如本文所用片語「非經腸投與」及「以非經腸方式投與)」意指除經腸及局部投與外通常藉由注射之投與模式,且包括(但不限於)靜脈內、肌內、動脈內、鞘內、囊內、眶內、心內、皮內、腹膜內、經氣管、皮下、表皮下、關節內、囊下、蛛膜下、脊椎內、硬膜外及胸骨內注射及輸注。 在一些實施例中,醫藥組合物在製造及儲存條件下係無菌且穩定的。可將組合物調配成溶液、微乳液、分散液、脂質體、微球體或其他適於高抗體濃度之有序結構。無菌可注射溶液可藉由以下方式來製備:將所需量之活性化合物(即抗體或抗體部分)納入具有上文所列舉成份中之一者或組合(根據需要)之適宜溶劑中,隨後進行滅菌(例如藉由過濾)。通常,藉由將活性化合物納入含有基本分散介質及來自上文所列舉之彼等之所需其他成份的無菌媒劑中來製備分散液。在使用無菌粉末來製備無菌可注射溶液之情形下,所提供之製備方法係真空乾燥及冷凍乾燥,其可自預先經無菌過濾之溶液產生由活性成份加上任一額外期望成份構成之粉末。可藉由例如使用諸如卵磷脂等包衣、藉由維持所需粒徑(在分散劑之情形下)及藉由使用表面活性劑來維持溶液之恰當流動性。藉由向組合物中納入延遲吸收之藥劑(例如,單硬脂酸鹽及明膠)可使可注射組合物之吸收延長。 本發明之抗體-藥物結合物可藉由業內已知之多種方法來投與,但對於許多治療應用而言,投與途徑/模式係靜脈內注射或輸注。如熟習此項技術者應瞭解,投與途徑及/或模式可端視期望結果而變化。在某些實施例中,活性化合物可用可防止該化合物快速釋放之載劑(例如受控釋放調配物,包括植入物、經皮貼片及微囊封遞送系統)來製備。可使用生物可降解之生物相容性聚合物,例如乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、聚酸酐、聚乙醇酸、膠原、聚原酸酯及聚乳酸。用於製備該等調配物之許多方法已獲得專利權或通常為熟習此項技術者已知。例如,參見Sustained and Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems ,
J.R. Robinson編輯,Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1978。 在某些實施例中,本文所述之抗體-藥物結合物可經口投與,例如利用惰性稀釋劑或可同化之食用載劑投與。化合物(及其他成份,若需要)亦可包封於硬殼或軟殼明膠膠囊中、壓製成錠劑、口頰錠、口含錠、膠囊、酏劑、懸浮液、糖漿、薄片及諸如此類。為藉由除非經腸投與外之途徑投與本發明之抗體或抗體片段,可能需要用材料包覆該化合物或與其共投與該化合物以防止其不活化。 治療組合物可利用業內已知之醫學裝置來投與。舉例而言,可將醫藥製劑置於裝置(例如含有一或多個劑量之氣密或液密容器)內。遞送裝置之實例包括(但不限於)小瓶、套管、針、滴袋及管線。本發明亦提供將本發明之抗體-藥物結合物置於該裝置中之方法。 可對劑量方案加以調整以提供最佳期望反應(例如,治療反應)。舉例而言,可投與單次濃注,可經一段時間投與若干分開劑量或可如治療狀況緊急情況所指示按比例減少或增加劑量。以劑量單位形式來調配非經腸組合物尤其有利於方便投與及劑量一致性。如本文所用「劑量單位形式」係指適宜作為單位劑量用於欲治療個體之物理離散單位;各單位含有經計算以產生期望治療效應之預定量之活性化合物以及所需醫藥載劑。本發明劑量單位形式之規格依賴於且直接取決於下列因素:(a) 活性化合物之獨特特徵及欲達成之具體治療效應,及(b) 複合該活性化合物以治療個體敏感性之技術中之固有限制條件。 本發明抗體或抗原結合片段之治療或預防有效量之實例性非限制性範圍係20 μg - 20 mg/kg或30 μg - 10 mg/kg。應注意,劑量值可隨所欲緩和病況之類型及嚴重程度而變化。應進一步理解,對於任一具體個體而言,應根據個體需要及投與組合物或監督組合物投與之個人的專業判斷隨時調整特定劑量方案,且本文所述之劑量範圍僅具有實例性且並不意欲限制所主張組合物之範疇或實踐。 本發明之醫藥組合物可包括「治療有效量」之本發明抗體-藥物結合物。「治療有效」量係指在所需時間段內以所需劑量有效達成期望治療結果之量。本發明抗體-藥物結合物之治療有效量可根據諸如以下等因素而變化:個體之疾病狀態、年齡、性別及體重,以及抗體或抗體部分於該個體內引發期望反應之能力。治療有效量亦為抗體-藥物結合物之治療有益效應勝過其任何毒性或有害效應的量。相對於未經治療之個體,「治療有效劑量」較佳將所治療個體之可量測參數(例如腫瘤生長速率)抑制至少約20%、至少約40%、至少約60%且在一些實施例中至少約80%。可在例如預測於人類腫瘤中之效能之動物模型系統中評估化合物抑制可量測參數(例如癌症)之能力。或者,可在活體外分析(例如實例7中所述之彼等)中來評估組合物之此性質。 包含如本文所述之抗體-藥物結合物之套組亦在本發明之範疇內。該套組可包括一或多種其他要素,包括:使用說明書;其他試劑,例如標記、另一治療劑;用於製備本發明之抗體-藥物結合物以供投與之裝置或其他材料;醫藥上可接受之載劑;及投與個體之裝置或其他材料。使用說明書可包括治療應用指導,包括所建議之投與劑量及/或模式,例如在患有癌症(例如,胃腸源癌症,例如結腸癌、胃癌、食道癌)患者中。 該套組可進一步含有至少一種其他試劑(例如另一治療劑)及/或一或多種其他本發明抗體-藥物結合物,適宜時調配於一或多個單獨醫藥製劑中。治療應用
如本文所用「治療(treatment)」或「治療(treating)」係指改善癌症或腫瘤或其至少一個可感受到之症狀。在某些實施例中,「治療(treatment)」或「治療(treating)」係指改善至少一個不必為患者可感受到之可量測之物理參數。在另一實施例中,「治療(treatment)」或「治療(treating)」係指抑制癌症之進展,在物理方面例如穩定可感受到之症狀、在生理學方面例如穩定物理參數或二者皆有。如本文所用「治療(treatment)」或「治療(treat)」係指向個體(例如患者)投與本發明之抗體-藥物結合物,或例如藉由施用向自個體分離且返回至個體之組織或細胞投與。抗體-藥物結合物可單獨投與或與另一治療劑組合投與。治療可為治癒、癒合、緩和、緩解、改變、補救、改善、減輕、改良或影響病症、該病症之症狀或患該病症(例如癌症)之素質。儘管不希望受限於理論,但據信治療會在活體外或活體內抑制、摘除或殺死細胞或以其他方式降低細胞(例如異常細胞)調介病症(例如如本文所述之病症(例如癌症))之能力。 如本文所用術語「個體」意欲包括哺乳動物、靈長類動物、人類及非人類動物。舉例而言,個體可為患有癌症(例如胃腸源癌症(例如結腸癌))之患者、具有癌症(例如胃腸源癌症(例如結腸癌))之症狀(其中至少一些細胞表現GCC)之患者或具有癌症(例如胃腸源癌症(例如結腸癌))之素質(其中至少一些細胞表現GCC)之患者。除非另外註明,否則術語本發明之「非人類動物」包括所有非人類脊椎動物,例如非人類哺乳動物及非哺乳動物,例如非人類靈長類動物、綿羊、狗、牛、雞、兩棲動物、爬行動物等。在實施例中,個體不包括小鼠、大鼠、兔或山羊中之一或多者或全部。 如本文所用「有效」或「足夠」治療病症之抗體-藥物結合物之量或「治療有效量」或「治療足量」係指在向患有本文所述病症之個體投與單一或多個劑量後可有效地處理細胞(例如癌細胞,例如表現GCC之腫瘤細胞)、減小個體之腫瘤大小或抑制個體腫瘤或癌症之生長、延長個體之存活期或緩和、減輕或改良一或多個超出在不存在該治療下所預期之個體症狀的抗體-藥物結合物之量。如本文所用「抑制腫瘤或癌症之生長」係指減緩、中斷、阻止或終止其生長及/或轉移且未必指示腫瘤生長之完全消除。 在一個態樣中,本發明之特徵在於殺死表現GCC之細胞、抑制或調節其生長或干擾其代謝之方法,其係藉由投與本發明之抗體-藥物結合物來實施。在一個實施例中,本發明提供抑制GCC介導之細胞信號傳導之方法或殺死細胞之方法。該方法可與表現GCC之任一細胞或組織(例如癌細胞或轉移性病灶)一起使用。表現GCC之癌症之非限制性實例包括結腸癌、胃癌、食道癌、胰臟癌、膀胱癌、子宮頸癌、頭頸癌、肝癌、肺癌及直腸癌。表現GCC之細胞之非限制性實例包括T84人類結腸腺癌細胞、新鮮或冷凍的結腸腫瘤細胞及包含編碼GCC之重組核酸或其部分之細胞。 本發明方法包括使細胞與有效量(即足以殺死細胞之量)之如本文所述之本發明抗體-藥物結合物接觸的步驟。該方法可用於培養中(例如活體外、活體內、
離體或原位)之細胞。舉例而言,可於培養基中在活體外培養表現GCC之細胞(例如藉由腫瘤或轉移性病灶之生檢收集之細胞;來自已建立癌細胞系之細胞;或重組細胞),且接觸步驟可藉由將本發明之抗體-藥物結合物添加至培養基中來實現。該方法將使得殺死表現GCC之細胞,包括(具體而言)表現GCC之腫瘤細胞(例如結腸腫瘤細胞)。 本發明抗體-藥物結合物之抗體部分結合至表現抗原之細胞中之GCC之細胞外結構域或其部分。因此,當實踐本發明方法來殺死、阻抑或檢測癌細胞時,抗體-藥物結合物之抗體部分結合至所有該等細胞,並非僅結合至經固定細胞或細胞內抗原結構域以其他方式暴露於細胞外環境之細胞。因此,結合集中在存在表現GCC之細胞(不管該等細胞係經固定抑或未經固定、有活力抑或壞死)之區域。 該方法亦可對存在於個體中之細胞實施,作為活體內方案之一部分。在一個實施例中,個體係人類個體。或者,個體可為表現與本發明之抗體-藥物結合物交叉反應之GCC抗原之哺乳動物。亦可向表現與該抗體交叉反應之GCC樣抗原之非人類哺乳動物(例如,靈長類動物、豬或小鼠)投與本發明之抗體-藥物結合物用於獸醫目的或作為人類疾病之動物模型。動物模型可用於評估本發明抗體之治療效能(例如,測試投與劑量及時程)。對於活體內實施例而言,接觸步驟係在個體中實現且包括在有效地容許抗體分子與在細胞上表現之GCC之細胞外結構域結合及對細胞進行處理二者的條件下向該個體投與抗體-藥物結合物。 在一個實施例中,本發明提供治療癌症之方法,其係藉由向需要該治療之患者投與本發明之抗體-藥物結合物來實施。該方法可用於治療包括至少一些表現GCC抗原之細胞之任一癌性病症。如本文所用術語「癌症」意欲包括所有類型之癌性生長或致癌過程、轉移性組織或惡性轉變細胞、組織或器官,不論侵襲性之組織病理類型或階段。術語「癌症」及「腫瘤」可互換使用(例如,當用於治療方法之背景下時,「治療癌症」及「治療腫瘤」具有相同含義)。 在一些實施例中,治療足以減少或抑制個體腫瘤之生長,減少轉移性病灶之數量或大小,降低腫瘤負荷,降低原發性腫瘤負荷,降低侵襲性,延長存活時間及/或維持或改良生活品質。 癌性病症之實例包括(但不限於)實體腫瘤、軟組織腫瘤及轉移性病灶。實體腫瘤之實例包括惡性病,例如各種器官系統之肉瘤、腺癌及癌,例如侵襲結腸、膀胱、子宮頸、食道、頭頸、肝臟、肺、直腸、胃及胰臟之彼等。癌包括例如膀胱尿路上皮癌、子宮頸鱗狀細胞癌、食道癌、頭頸鱗狀細胞癌、肝細胞癌及肺細胞癌。腺癌包括例如惡性病,例如非小細胞肺癌、子宮頸內腺癌、結腸腺癌、胰臟腺癌、直腸腺癌及胃腺癌。亦可使用本發明之方法及組合物來治療或預防上文所提及癌症之轉移性病灶。在一些實施例中,欲治療之癌症係胃腸系統癌症(例如,結腸直腸癌、結腸癌、直腸癌、食道癌、胃食道癌或胃癌)。在一些實施例中,欲治療之癌症係胰臟癌。 在一個實施例中,癌症係結腸直腸癌,例如結腸直腸腺癌、結腸直腸平滑肌肉瘤、結腸直腸淋巴瘤、結腸直腸黑色素瘤或結腸直腸神經內分泌腫瘤。在具體實施例中,癌症係轉移性結腸癌。在另一實施例中,癌症係胃癌(例如胃腺癌、淋巴瘤或肉瘤)或其轉移。在另一實施例中,癌症係食道癌(例如食道之鱗狀細胞癌或腺癌)。 該方法可用於治療處於任一階段或亞分類之相關病症。舉例而言,方法可用於治療早期或晚期結腸癌或階段0、I、IIA、IIB、IIIA、IIIB、IIIC及IV中之任一者之結腸癌。 在一些實施例中,本發明之抗體-藥物結合物係以治療週期來投與。「治療週期」係由以下各項組成:治療期,在此期間如上文所述投與本發明之抗體-藥物結合物,之後為停藥期,在此期間不投與本發明之抗體-藥物結合物。可視需要重複該治療週期以達成期望效應。 本文所述之抗體-藥物結合物可與其他療法組合使用。舉例而言,組合療法可包括本發明組合物與一或多種其他治療劑(例如一或多種抗癌劑,例如其他細胞毒性劑或細胞生長抑制劑、激素治療、疫苗及/或其他免疫療法)共調配及/或共投與。在其他實施例中,本發明之抗體-藥物結合物係與其他治療性治療方式組合投與,其他治療性治療方式包括手術、輻射、冷凍手術及/或溫熱療法。該等組合療法可有利地利用較低劑量之所投與治療劑,由此避免與各種單一療法相關之可能毒性或併發症。 如本文所用「以組合」投與意指在個體患病過程期間向個體遞送兩次(或更多次)不同治療,例如,在個體已經診斷患有病症後及在已治癒或消除該病症之前遞送兩次或更多次治療。在一些實施例中,一種治療在開始遞送第二種時仍進行遞送,以使得存在重疊。此在本文中有時稱為「同時」或「同步遞送」。在其他實施例中,結束一種治療之遞送,然後開始另一種治療之遞送。在任一情形之一些實施例中,治療因組合投與而更有效。舉例而言,與在第一次治療不存在下投與第二次治療時所見之效果相比,第二次治療更為有效,例如,利用更少第二次治療可見等效效應,或第二次治療更大程度地減輕症狀,或利用第一次治療可見類似情況。在一些實施例中,遞送應使症狀減輕或使與病症相關之其他參數大於在另一者不存在下使用所遞送治療觀察到之參數。兩種治療之效應可為部分加和、完全加和或大於加和的。遞送可使在遞送第二種治療時仍可檢測到所遞送之第一種治療之效應。 在一些實施例中,本發明之抗體-藥物結合物係與化學治療劑組合使用。破壞DNA之化學治療劑之非限制性實例包括拓撲異構酶I抑制劑(例如,伊立替康(irinotecan)、托泊替康(topotecan)、喜樹鹼(camptothecin)及其類似物或代謝物及多柔比星(doxorubicin));拓撲異構酶II抑制劑(例如,依託泊苷(etoposide)、替尼泊苷(teniposide)及道諾黴素(daunorubicin));烷基化劑(例如,美法侖(melphalan)、苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、白消安(busulfan)、噻替派(thiotepa)、異環磷醯胺(ifosfamide)、卡莫司汀(carmustine)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)、司莫司汀(semustine)、鏈脲菌素(streptozocin)、達卡巴嗪(decarbazine)、胺甲喋呤(methotrexate)、絲裂黴素C (mitomycin C)及環磷醯胺(cyclophosphamide));DNA嵌入劑(例如,順鉑(cisplatin)、奧沙利鉑(oxaliplatin)及卡鉑(carboplatin));DNA嵌入劑及游離基生成劑(例如博來黴素(bleomycin));及核苷模擬物(例如,5-氟尿嘧啶、卡培他濱(capecitabine)、吉西他濱(gemcitabine)、氟達拉濱(fludarabine)、阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)、巰嘌呤、硫鳥嘌呤、噴司他丁(pentostatin)及羥基脲)。 組合療法可包括破壞細胞複製之化學治療劑,例如:太平洋紫杉醇(paclitaxel)、多西他賽(docetaxel)及相關類似物;長春新鹼(vincristine)、長春鹼(vinblastin)及相關類似物;沙利竇邁(thalidomide)、雷利竇邁(lenalidomide)及相關類似物(例如,CC-5013及CC-4047);蛋白酪胺酸激酶抑制劑(例如,甲磺酸伊馬替尼(imatinib mesylate)及吉非替尼(gefitinib));蛋白酶體抑制劑(例如,硼替佐米(bortezomib)、易賽佐米(ixazomib)、卡非左米(carfilzomib));NF-κB抑制劑,包括IκB激酶抑制劑;結合至在癌症中過表現之蛋白質並由此使細胞複製下調之抗體(例如,曲妥珠單抗(trastuzumab)、利妥昔單抗(rituximab)、西妥昔單抗(cetuximab)及貝伐珠單抗(bevacizumab));及已知在癌症中經上調、過表現或活化而使細胞複製下調之蛋白質或酶的其他抑制劑。 欲與本發明之抗體-藥物結合物組合之治療劑或治療方式之選擇將端視欲治療之病症而定。其他藥劑或治療方式可包括例如針對所治療適應症之標準經批准療法。舉例而言,當使用本發明之抗體-藥物結合物來治療結腸癌時,其可與例如以下各項組合使用:手術;輻射療法;5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)、卡培他濱、甲醯四氫葉酸(leucovorin)、伊立替康、奧沙利鉑、貝伐珠單抗、西妥昔單抗、帕尼單抗(panitumum)或其組合(例如,奧沙利鉑/卡培他濱(XELOX)、5-氟尿嘧啶/甲醯四氫葉酸奧沙利鉑(FOLFOX)、5-氟尿嘧啶/甲醯四氫葉酸/伊立替康(FOLFIRI)、FOLFOX加貝伐珠單抗或FOLFIRI加貝伐珠單抗)。 在另一態樣中,本發明之特徵在於本發明之抗體-藥物結合物之用途,其用於製造藥劑。在實施例中,藥劑用於治療癌症,例如胃腸癌,例如結腸直腸癌、食道癌或胃癌。在一些實施例中,癌症係胰臟癌。在一個實施例中,藥劑用於治療結腸直腸癌,例如結腸直腸腺癌、結腸直腸平滑肌肉瘤、結腸直腸淋巴瘤、結腸直腸黑色素瘤或結腸直腸神經內分泌腫瘤。在具體實施例中,藥劑用於治療轉移性結腸癌。在另一實施例中,藥劑用於治療胃癌(例如胃腺癌、淋巴瘤或肉瘤)或其轉移。在另一實施例中,藥劑用於治療食道癌(例如食道之鱗狀細胞癌瘤或腺癌)。實例
以下實例提供本發明之說明性實施例。熟習此項技術者將認識到可在不改變本發明之精神或範疇下實施多種修改及變化形式。該等修改及變化形式涵蓋於本發明之範疇內。該等實例不以任何方式限制本發明。實例 1 :生成抗體產生細胞系
為生成生產力>600 mg/L之表現5F9之穩定中國倉鼠卵巢(CHO)細胞系純系,藉由將輕鏈可變區(SEQ ID NO:8)及重鏈可變區(SEQ ID NO:7)亞選殖至含有WT人類IgG1 Fc及新黴素(neomycin)抗性基因之pLKTOK58表現載體中來生成5F9之表現載體。5F9可變區-IgG1融合產物之表現處於EF-1α啟動子之控制下。抗 GCC 人類單株抗體 5F9 可變區之選殖及測序
自人類雜交瘤46.5F9亞純系8.2分離(Qiagen's RNeasy套組)總RNA。此雜交瘤攜載輕鏈之「標準」公開κ恆定區(基因庫登錄號AW383625或BM918539)及重鏈之「標準」公開IgG2恆定區(基因庫登錄號BX640623或AJ294731)。藉由傳統方法合成5' race-ready,聚G尾cDNA (Nature Methods
, 2:629-630 (2005))。藉由5' race使用聚C錨定oligo與特異性針對κ恆定區之反向引子之組合自cDNA對輕鏈可變區進行PCR擴增。用特異性針對IgG2恆定區之反向引子與特異性針對已知重鏈前導序列之正向引子之多個組合來擴增重鏈可變區。對PCR產物進行TOPO®選殖(Invitrogen™, Life Technologies, Inc.)且用M13F及M13R引子進行測序。攜載抗 GCC 人類單株抗體 5F9 之哺乳動物表現載體之構築
構築攜載5F9輕鏈及重鏈可變區之哺乳動物表現載體以生成產生CHO細胞系。對於天然構築體,將5F9輕鏈及重鏈之可變區亞選殖至pLKTOK58D中(美國專利申請案第20040033561號)。此載體攜載兩種哺乳動物選擇標記物,包括新黴素抗性及DHFR/胺甲喋呤(用於擴增)。該載體允許自串聯EF-1α啟動子共表現輕鏈及重鏈二者,其各自位於載體前導序列-κ恆定區及前導序列-IgG1 (野生型Fc)恆定區之上游。對於亞選殖,用含有獨特限制性位點之基因特異性引子自序列確認之TOPO純系對輕鏈及重鏈之可變區進行PCR擴增用於定向選殖至載體之各別前導序列-κ及前導序列-IgG1區之接合處。引子之序列如下(5F9可變區特異性序列以粗體表示):天然 5F9 輕鏈前導序列 - 可變引子
: 正向NotI 5' ataagaatGCGGCCGCCTCACCATGGGATGGAGCTGTATCATCCTCTTCTTGGTAGCAACAGCTACAGGTGTCCACTCC GAAATAGTGATGACGCAGTCTCCAGCCACCCTG-
3' (SEQ ID NO:13) 反向BsiWI 5'- GCCACCGTACG TTTGATTTCCACGTTGGTCCCTTGGCCGAACGTC
-3' (SEQ ID NO:14)天然 5F9 重鏈前導序列 - 可變引子
: 正向EcoRI 5' -ccgGAATTCCTCACCATGGGATGGAGCTGTATCATCCTCTTCTTGGTAGCAACAGCTACAGGTGTCCACTCC CAGGTGCAGCTACAGCAGTGGGGCGCAGGAC
-3' (SEQ ID NO:15) 反向Blpl 5'-GGAGGCTGAGC TGACGGTGACCAGGGTTCCCTGGCCCCAGTGGTC
-3' (SEQ ID NO:16) 藉由輕鏈及重鏈二者之雙鏈DNA測序來確認純系。 使用兩種轉染方法將構築體引入CHO細胞中:傳統MPI方法及Crucell方法。使用傳統MPI方法用天然5F9構築體起始CHO細胞轉染。使用線性化及非線性化DNA及電穿孔或Lipopfectamine 2000 CD轉染。經由在G418、非核苷培養基及5 nM胺甲喋呤中選擇來生成約30種穩定彙集物。基於抗體產生量之FMAT分析,選擇三種穩定彙集物進行選殖。具有最高產量之彙集物分泌12.2 µg/mL之抗體。將該三種彙集物冷凍。 可評估Crucell STAR元件來製備含有STAR元件之5F9表現載體。 將下文所列示5F9之重鏈及輕鏈核酸序列插入pTOK58D載體中。pTOK58D 載體中之 5F9 重鏈核酸序列:
atgggatggagctgtatcatcctcttcttggtagcaacagctacaggtgtccactcccaggtgcagctacagcagtggggcgcaggactgttgaagccttcggagaccctgtccctcacctgcgctgtctttggtgggtctttcagtggttactactggagctggatccgccagcccccagggaaggggctggagtggattggggaaatcaatcatcgtggaaacaccaacgacaacccgtccctcaagagtcgagtcaccatatcagtagacacgtccaagaaccagttcgccctgaagctgagttctgtgaccgccgcggacacggctgtttattactgtgcgagagaacgtggatacacctatggtaactttgaccactggggccagggaaccctggtcaccgtcagctcagcctccaccaagggcccatcggtcttccccctggcaccctcctccaagagcacctctgggggcacagcggccctgggctgcctggtcaaggactacttccccgaaccggtgacggtgtcgtggaactcaggcgccctgaccagcggcgtgcacaccttcccggctgtcctacagtcctcaggactctactccctcagcagcgtggtgaccgtgccctccagcagcttgggcacccagacctacatctgcaacgtgaatcacaagcccagcaacaccaaggtggacaagaaagttgagcccaaatcttgtgacaaaactcacacatgcccaccgtgcccagcacctgaactcctggggggaccgtcagtcttcctcttccccccaaaacccaaggacaccctcatgatctcccggacccctgaggtcacatgcgtggtggtggacgtgagccacgaagaccctgaggtcaagttcaactggtacgtggacggcgtggaggtgcataatgccaagacaaagccgcgggaggagcagtacaacagcacgtaccgtgtggtcagcgtcctcaccgtcctgcaccaggactggctgaatggcaaggagtacaagtgcaaggtctccaacaaagccctcccagcccccatcgagaaaaccatctccaaagccaaagggcagccccgagaaccacaggtgtacaccctgcccccatcccgggatgagctgaccaagaaccaggtcagcctgacctgcctggtcaaaggcttctatcccagcgacatcgccgtggagtgggagagcaatgggcagccggagaacaactacaagaccacgcctcccgtgctggactccgacggctccttcttcctctacagcaagctcaccgtggacaagagcaggtggcagcaggggaacgtcttctcatgctccgtgatgcatgaggctctgcacaaccactacacgcagaagagcctctccctgtctccgggtaaataa (SEQ ID NO:17)pTOK58D 載體中之 5F9 輕鏈核酸序列:
atgggatggagctgtatcatcctcttcttggtagcaacagctacaggtgtccactccgaaatagtgatgacgcagtctccagccaccctgtctgtctccaggggaaagagccaccctctcctgcagggccagtcagagtgttagcagaaacttagcctggtatcagcagaaacctggccaggctcccaggctcctcatctatggtgcatccaccagggccactggaatcccagccaggttcagtggcagtgggtctgggacagagttcactctcaccatcggcagcctgcagtctgaagattttgcagtttattactgtcagcagtataaaacctggcctcggacgttcggccaagggaccaacgtggaaatcaaacgtacggtggctgcaccatctgtcttcatcttcccgccatctgatgagcagttgaaatctggaactgcctctgttgtgtgcctgctgaataacttctatcccagagaggccaaagtacagtggaaggtggataacgccctccaatcgggtaactcccaggagagtgtcacagagcaggacagcaaggacagcacctacagcctcagcagcaccctgaccctgagcaaagcagactacgagaaacacaaagtctacgcctgcgaagtcacccatcagggcctgagct cgcccgtcacaaagagcttcaacaggggagagtgttag (SEQ ID NO:18)實例 2 :細胞毒性藥劑 CDA-1 之製備 將三乙醯氧基硼氫化鈉(1.1 g, 5.18 mmol)及氯化鋅粉末(353 mg, 2.59 mmol)添加至苯胺1a (1.55 g, 5.18 mmol)及2-(甲基二硫基)-異丁醛(0.7 mL, 5.18 mmol)於無水1,2-二氯甲烷(20 mL)中之攪拌溶液中,然後添加無水硫酸鎂(800 mg)。在室溫將混合物攪拌6小時,且然後添加第二份2-(甲基二硫基)-異丁醛(0.7 mL, 5.18 mmol)及三乙醯氧基硼氫化鈉(1.1 g, 5.18 mmol)。在室溫繼續攪拌過夜。反應混合物經由矽藻土過濾並用二氯甲烷洗。濃縮濾液且藉由矽膠層析(Combiflash, 40 g管柱,二氯甲烷/ MeOH)純化剩餘部分,獲得無色油狀化合物1b
(487 mg y = 22%)。亦回收65%產率之未反應之起始材料苯胺1a
(1.02 g)。1
H NMR (400 Hz, CDCl3
): δ6.76 (s, 2H), 6.63 (s, 1H), 4.55 (s, 4H), 3.65-3.51 (m, 14H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 1.33 (s, 6H);13
C NMR (400 Hz, CDCl3
): δ149.0, 142.35, 114.0, 111.1, 71.98, 70.7, 70.6, 70.5, 67.6, 65.5, 59.75, 59.1, 53.9, 51.9, 26.6, 25.7, 20.75;MS (m/z)實驗值456.2 (M + Na)+
。將三甲胺(234 μL, 1.68 mmol)添加至化合物1b
(243 mg, 0.56 mmol)於無水二氯甲烷(3.5 mL)中之攪拌溶液中。將混合物冷卻至-10℃且經15 min經由注射器緩慢添加甲磺醯氯(113 μL, 1.46 mmol)。溶液在-10℃至-7℃持續攪拌60 min且藉由添加冰/水淬滅。然後用乙酸乙酯稀釋且用冷水洗。有機層經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,濃縮,且抽高真空,獲得淺黃色油狀甲磺酸鹽(340 mg)。將甲磺酸鹽轉移至含有乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷之10 mL圓底燒瓶中,濃縮,且抽高真空。添加IBD單體(412 mg, 1.4 mmol),然後添加無水二甲基甲醯胺(3 mL)及無水碳酸鉀(232 mg, 1.68 mmol)。所獲得之黃色混合物在室溫攪拌過夜,然後用二氯甲烷稀釋且用鹽水洗。有機層經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮。將殘餘物溶解於二氯甲烷中,裝載於矽膠管柱上,且用二氯甲烷/甲醇(15:1,然後10:1)溶析。合併含有化合物1c
之部分且濃縮,獲得705 mg粗產物,藉由製備型反相HPLC (C-18管柱,用乙腈/水溶析)進一步純化,獲得黃色鬆散固體狀化合物1c
(181 mg, y = 33%)。1H NMR (400 Hz, CDCl3
): δ 8.28 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.86 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 2H), 7.59 (s, 2H), 7.31-7.26 (m, 4H), 7.12 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.87-6.80 (m, 5H), 5.18 (dd, J1
= 20.8 Hz, J2
=12.4 Hz, 4H), 4.50-4.47 (m, 2H), 3.99 (s, 6H), 3.75-3.48 (m, 18H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 1.32 (s, 6H);MS (m/z)實驗值1025.9 (M + H2
O + Na)+
, 1043.9 (M + 2H2
O + Na)+
, 983.8 (M - H)-
, 1055.8 (M + 4 H2
O - H)-
。在0℃下,將硼氫化鈉(0.9 mg, 0.023 mmol)添加至化合物1c
(112 mg, 0.114 mmol)於無水二氯甲烷(0.3 mL)及無水乙醇(0.6 mL)中之攪拌溶液中。5 min後去除冰浴。在室溫下將混合物攪拌3小時且冷卻至0℃。用飽和氯化銨淬滅混合物,用二氯甲烷稀釋,並分離。用鹽水洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉(Na2
SO4
)乾燥,經由矽藻土過濾,並濃縮。藉由反相HPLC (C-18管柱,乙腈/水)純化殘餘物。用二氯甲烷萃取相應部分且濃縮,以獲得產物1d
、1e
及未反應之起始材料1c
。化合物1d
: 37.1 mg (y = 33%), MS (m/z):實驗值1010.4 (M + Na)+
, 1028.4 (M + H2
O + Na)+
, 1040.3 (M + 3H2
O - H)-
;化合物1e
: 6.4 mg (y = 5.7%), MS (m/z):實驗值1012.4 (M + Na)+
;化合物1c
: 44.1 mg (y = 39%)。(CDA-1B) 在室溫下,將新鮮製備之TCEP溶液(17 mg TCEP HCl鹽,用飽和碳酸氫鈉中和至pH 6-6.5,然後用0.5 mL pH 6.5磷酸鹽緩衝液稀釋)添加至化合物1d
(23.6 mg, 0.024 mmol)於乙腈(3 mL)及甲醇(3 mL)中之攪拌溶液中。在室溫下將混合物攪拌3小時,且然後用二氯甲烷及去離子水稀釋並分離。用鹽水洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥並過濾。濃縮濾液且抽高真空,以產生22 mg淺黃色泡沫狀化合物1f
(CDA-1B)。 CDA-1A (CDA-1B之磺化形式)可藉由用NaHSO3
處理CDA-1B來製備。參見下文實例3中使CDA-2B轉化成CDA-2A之實例性反應條件。實例 3 :細胞毒性藥劑 CDA-2 之製備 如下製備化合物(12S,12aS)-9-((3-(4-巰基-4-甲基戊醯胺基)-5-((((R)-8-甲氧基-6-側氧基-11,12,12a,13-四氫-6H-苯并[5,6][1,4]二氮雜卓并[1,2-a]吲哚-9-基)氧基)甲基)苄基)氧基)-8-甲氧基-6-側氧基-11,12,12a,13-四氫-6H-苯并[5,6][1,4]二氮雜卓并[1,2-a]吲哚-12-磺酸(CDA-2A): 將4-甲基-4-(甲基二硫基)戊酸(1.281 g, 6.59 mmol)、N-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)-N’-乙基碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽(2.53 g, 13.19 mmol)及4-二甲基胺基吡啶(0.081 g, 0.659 mmol)添加至(5-胺基-1,3-伸苯基)二甲醇(1.01 g, 6.59 mmol)於無水二甲基甲醯胺(16.48 mL)及無水四氫呋喃(16.48 ml)中之攪拌溶液中。在室溫下將所得混合物攪拌18小時。用飽和氯化銨溶液淬滅反應物,並用乙酸乙酯(3 × 50 mL)萃取。用水及鹽水洗滌有機萃取物,然後經無水硫酸鈉乾燥。將溶液過濾且在真空中濃縮並藉由矽膠層析(乙酸乙酯/己烷)純化所得殘餘物,以獲得白色固體狀化合物2a
(0.70 g, 32%產率)。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
: δ9.90 (s, 1H) 7.43 (s, 2H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 5.16 (t, 2H, J = 5.7 Hz), 4.44 (d, 4H, J = 5.7 Hz), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.41-2.38 (m, 2H), 1.92-1.88 (m, 2H), 1.29 (s, 6H)。MS (m/z):實驗值330.0 (M = 1)1
。將三甲胺(463 μl, 3.32 mmol)添加至化合物2a
(219 mg, 0.665 mmol)於無水二氯甲烷(6.65 mL)中之冷卻(-10℃)溶液中,然後逐滴添加甲烷磺酸酐(298 mg, 1.662 mmol)。在-10℃下將混合物攪拌2小時,然後用冰水淬滅混合物且用冷乙酸乙酯(2 × 30 mL)萃取。用冰水洗有機萃取物,用無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,且在減壓下濃縮,以獲得粗二甲磺酸鹽。 將粗二甲磺酸鹽(227 mg, 0.467 mmol)及IGN單體A (303 mg, 1.028 mmol)溶解於無水DMF (3.11 mL)中。添加碳酸鉀(161 mg, 1.169 mmol)且在室溫下將混合物攪拌18小時。添加去離子水且過濾所得沈澱並用水沖洗。將固體再溶解於二氯甲烷中且用水洗滌。用無水硫酸鎂乾燥有機層,過濾並濃縮。藉由矽膠層析(甲醇/二氯甲烷)純化粗殘餘物,以獲得化合物2b
(227 mg, 36%產率)。MS (m/z):實驗值882.5 (M + 1)+
。將三乙醯氧基硼氫化鈉(37.3 mg, 0.167 mmol)添加至化合物2b
(227 mg, 0.167 mmol)於無水1,2-二氯乙烷(3.346 mL)中之懸浮液中。在室溫下將混合物攪拌1小時,此後用飽和氯化銨溶液將其淬滅。用二氯甲烷稀釋混合物並用鹽水洗滌。用無水硫酸鎂乾燥有機層,過濾並濃縮。藉由RP-HPLC (C-18,水/乙腈)純化粗殘餘物。用二氯甲烷萃取含有期望產物之部分,用無水硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾,且濃縮,以獲得化合物2c
(35 mg, 19%產率)。MS (m/z)實驗值884.3 (M + 1)+
。將於磷酸鈉緩衝液(132 µL, 0.75 M, pH 6.5)中經飽和碳酸氫鈉溶液(0.2 mL)中和之參(2-羧基乙基)膦鹽酸鹽(17.51 mg, 0.060 mmol)添加至化合物2c
(18 mg, 0.017 mmol)於乙腈(921 µL)及甲醇(658 µL)中之溶液中。在室溫下將混合物攪拌3.5小時,然後用二氯甲烷及去離子水稀釋。分離有機層,用鹽水洗滌,用無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,且在減壓下濃縮,以獲得粗硫醇(CDA-2B)。MS (m/z)實驗值838.3 (M + 1)+
。 將粗硫醇(CDA-2B) (15.5 mg, 0.018 mmol)溶解於2-丙醇(1.23 mL)中。然後添加去離子水(617 µL)及亞硫酸氫鈉(5.77 mg, 0.055 mmol),且在室溫下將混合物攪拌5小時。將反應物冷凍於丙酮/乾冰浴中,凍乾,且藉由RP-HPLC (C-18,去離子水/乙腈)純化。將含有期望產物之部分冷凍且凍乾,以獲得化合物(12S,12aS)-9-((3-(4-巰基-4-甲基戊醯胺基)-5-((((R)-8-甲氧基-6-側氧基-11,12,12a,13-四氫-6H-苯并[5,6][1,4]二氮雜卓并[1,2-a]吲哚-9-基)氧基)甲基)苄基)氧基)-8-甲氧基-6-側氧基-11,12,12a,13-四氫-6H-苯并[5,6][1,4]二氮雜卓并[1,2-a]吲哚-12-磺酸(化合物2d或CDA-2A) (6.6 mg, 39%產率)。MS (m/z)實驗值918.2 (M - 1)-
。實例 4 :細胞毒性藥劑 CDA-3 之製備
如下實施6-(((S)-1-(((S)-1-((3-((((S)-8-甲氧基-6-側氧基-11,12,12a,13-四氫-6H-苯并[5,6][1,4]二氮雜卓并[1,2-a]吲哚-9-基)氧基)甲基)-5-((((R)-8-甲氧基-6-側氧基-12a,13-二氫-6H-苯并[5,6][1,4]二氮雜卓并[1,2-a]吲哚-9-基)氧基)甲基)苯基)胺基)-1-側氧基丙-2-基)胺基)-1-側氧基丙-2-基)胺基)-6-側氧基己酸2,5-二側氧基吡咯啶-1-基酯(CDA-3B)之合成:將(S)-2-(((苄基氧基)羰基)胺基)丙酸(5 g, 22.40 mmol)及(S)-2-胺基丙酸第三丁基酯鹽酸鹽(4.48 g, 24.64 mmol)溶解於無水DMF (44.8 mL)中,且添加EDC·HCl (4.72 g, 24.64 mmol)、HOBt (3.43 g, 22.40 mmol)及DIPEA (9.75 mL, 56.0 mmol)。在室溫下在氬下將反應物攪拌過夜。用二氯甲烷稀釋反應混合物,且然後用飽和氯化銨、飽和碳酸氫鈉、水及鹽水洗滌。經硫酸鈉乾燥有機層並濃縮。經由矽膠層析(己烷/乙酸乙酯)純化粗油狀物,以產生化合物3a
(6.7 g, 85%產率)。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
): δ 7.38-7.31 (m, 5H), 6.53-6.42 (m, 1H), 5.42-5.33 (m, 1H), 5.14 (s, 2H), 4.48-4.41 (m, 1H), 4.32-4.20 (m, 1H), 1.49 (s, 9H), 1.42 (d, 3H, J = 6.8 Hz), 1.38 (d, 3H, J = 7.2 Hz)。將化合物3a
(6.7 g, 19.12 mmol)溶解於甲醇(60.7 mL)及水(3.03 mL)中。用氬將溶液吹掃5 min。緩慢添加碳載鈀(潤濕,10%) (1.017 g, 0.956 mmol)。在氫氣氛下將反應物攪拌過夜。經由矽藻土過濾溶液,用甲醇沖洗,且濃縮。然後使其與甲醇及乙腈共沸,且將所得油狀物直接置於高真空上,以獲得化合物3b
(4.02 g, 97%產率)。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
): δ 7.78-7.63 (m, 1H), 4.49-4.42 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.50 (m, 1H), 1.73 (s, 2H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.39 (d, 3H, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.36 (d, 3H, J = 6.8 Hz)。將化合物3b
(4.02 g, 18.59 mmol)及己二酸單甲酯(3.03 mL, 20.45 mmol)溶解於無水DMF (62.0 mL)中。添加EDC·HCl (3.92 g, 20.45 mmol)、HOBt (2.85 g, 18.59 mmol)及DIPEA (6.49 mL, 37.2 mmol)。在室溫下將混合物攪拌過夜。用二氯甲烷/甲醇(150 mL, 5:1)稀釋反應物,且用飽和氯化銨、飽和碳酸氫鈉及鹽水洗滌。將其經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且汽提。使化合物與乙腈(5×)共沸,然後在35℃下泵送於在高真空上,以獲得化合物3c
(6.66 g, 100%產率)。粗材料不經純化即用於下一步驟上。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
): δ 6.75 (d, 1H, J = 6.8 Hz), 6.44 (d, 1H, J = 6.8 Hz), 4.52-4.44 (m, 1H), 4.43-4.36 (m, 1H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 2.35-2.29 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.18 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.60 (m, 4H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.36 (t, 6H, J = 6.0 Hz)。在室溫下,將化合物3c
(5.91 g, 16.5 mmol)於TFA (28.6 mL, 372 mmol)及去離子水(1.5 mL)中攪拌3小時。用乙腈濃縮反應混合物且置於高真空上,以獲得黏性固體狀粗化合物3d
(5.88 g, 100%產率)。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
): δ 7.21 (d, 1H, J = 6.8 Hz), 6.81 (d, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 4.69-4.60 (m, 1H), 4.59-4.51 (m, 1H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 2.40-2.33 (m, 2H), 2.31-2.24 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.63 (m, 4H), 1.51-1.45 (m, 3H), 1.42-1.37 (m, 3H)。將化合物3d
(5.6 g, 18.52 mmol)溶解於無水二氯甲烷(118 mL)及無水甲醇(58.8 mL)中。然後添加(5-胺基-1,3-伸苯基)二甲醇(2.70 g, 17.64 mmol)及EEDQ (8.72 g, 35.3 mmol),且在室溫下將反應物攪拌過夜。汽提掉溶劑且添加乙酸乙酯。過濾所得漿液,用乙酸乙酯洗滌,且在真空/N2
下乾燥,以獲得化合物3e
(2.79 g, 36%產率)。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.82 (s, 1H), 8.05, (d, 1H, J = 9.2 Hz), 8.01 (d, 1H, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.46 (s, 2H), 6.95 (3, 1H), 5.21-5.12 (m, 2H), 4.47-4.42 (m, 4H), 4.40-4.33 (m, 1H), 4.33-4.24 (m, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 2.33-2.26 (m, 2H), 2.16-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.46 (m, 4H), 1.30 (d, 3H, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.22 (d, 3H, J = 4.4 Hz)。將化合物3e
(0.52 g, 1.189 mmol)及四溴化碳(1.183 g, 3.57 mmol)溶解於無水DMF (11.89 mL)中。然後添加三苯基膦(0.935 g, 3.57 mmol),且在氬下將反應物攪拌4小時。用DCM/MeOH (10:1)稀釋反應混合物且用水及鹽水洗滌,經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由矽膠層析(DCM/MeOH)純化粗材料,以獲得化合物3f
(262 mg, 39%產率)。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ10.01 (s, 1H), 8.11 (d, 1H, J = 6.8 Hz), 8.03 (d, 1H, J = 6.8 Hz), 7.67 (s, 2H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 4.70-4.64 (m, 4H), 4.40-4.32 (m, 1H), 4.31-4.23 (m, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 2.34-2.26 (m, 2H), 2.18-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.55-1.45 (m, 4H), 1.31 (d, 3H, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.21 (d, 3H, J = 7.2 Hz)。將二溴化物化合物3f
及IGN單體B溶解於DMF中。添加碳酸鉀且在室溫下攪拌過夜。將水添加至反應混合物中以沈澱產物。在室溫下攪拌漿液且然後過濾並在真空/N2
下乾燥。藉由矽膠層析(二氯甲烷/甲醇)純化粗材料,以獲得化合物3g (336 mg, 74%產率)。LCMS = 5.91 min (15 min方法)。MS (m/z): 990.6 (M + 1)+
。將二亞胺化合物3g
溶解於1,2-二氯乙烷中。將NaBH(OAc)3
(STAB)添加至反應混合物中且在室溫下攪拌1小時。用CH2
Cl2
稀釋反應物且用飽和NH4
Cl溶液淬滅。分離各層且用鹽水洗滌,經Na2
SO4
乾燥並濃縮。經由RPHPLC (C-18管柱,乙腈/水)純化粗材料,以獲得化合物3h
(85.5 mg, 25%產率)。LCMS =6.64 min (15 min方法)。MS (m/z): 992.6 (M + 1)+
。將化合物3h
溶解於1,2-二氯乙烷中。將三甲基錫醇添加至反應混合物中且在80℃下加熱過夜。然後將反應混合物冷卻至室溫且用水稀釋。用1 M HCl將水層酸化至pH約4。用CH2
Cl2
/MeOH萃取混合物。用鹽水洗滌合併之有機層,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,並濃縮。使粗材料通過二氧化矽塞,以獲得化合物3i
(48.8 mg, 80%產率)。LCMS = 5.89 min (15 min方法)。MS (m/z): 978.6 (M + 1)+
。在室溫下,將EDC∙HCl添加至酸化合物3i
及N-羥基琥珀醯胺於CH2
Cl2
中之攪拌溶液中。將反應混合物攪拌2小時。用CH2
Cl2
稀釋反應混合物並用水及鹽水洗滌。經Na2
SO4
乾燥有機層,過濾,並濃縮。經由RPHPLC (C-18管柱,乙腈/水)純化粗材料,以獲得6-(((S)-1-(((S)-1-((3-((((S)-8-甲氧基-6-側氧基-11,12,12a,13-四氫-6H-苯并[5,6][1,4]二氮雜卓并[1,2-a]吲哚-9-基)氧基)甲基)-5-((((R)-8-甲氧基-6-側氧基-12a,13-二氫-6H-苯并[5,6][1,4]二氮雜卓并[1,2-a]吲哚-9-基)氧基)甲基)苯基)胺基)-1-側氧基丙-2-基)胺基)-1-側氧基丙-2-基)胺基)-6-側氧基己酸2,5-二側氧基吡咯啶-1-基酯、化合物3j
或CDA-3B (8.2 mg, 30%產率)。LCMS = 6.64 min (15 min方法)。MS (m/z): 1075.4 (M + 1)+
。 CDA-3A (CDA-3B之磺化形式)可藉由用NaHSO3
處理CDA-3B來製備。參見上文實例3中使CDA-2B轉化成CDA-2A之實例性反應條件。實例 5 : 抗體 - 藥物結合物之製備 A . hu5F9-CDA-1 之製備 i. 結合
在結合之前使人類5F9抗體交換至15 mM HEPES (pH 8.5)緩衝液中。然後使用2步反應方案來製備結合物。在步驟1中,於97/3水:有機物比率之15 mM HEPES (pH 8.5)及二甲基乙醯胺(DMA)中用5F9抗體(表2中所述之代表性莫耳濃度過量)將磺基-SPDB連接體(例如,參見段落[042],美國專利8,236,319)滴定至4 mg/mL之最終抗體濃度。在25℃水浴中將此反應混合物培育2小時,且然後如下文所述來純化。 在步驟2中,於85/15水:有機物比率之15 mM HEPES (pH 8.5)及DMA中將1.5莫耳當量之磺基-SPDB上之CDA-1添加至抗體-連接體混合物中。在25℃水浴中將此反應混合物培育4小時,然後純化至調配物緩衝液(10 mM組胺酸、50 mM氯化鈉、8.5%蔗糖、0.01% Tween-20、50 μM亞硫酸氫鈉,pH 6.2)中。表 2 ii . 純化
使用於10 mM磷酸鉀(pH 7.9)中平衡之Sephadex G-25 NAP管柱來純化5F9-磺基-SPDB反應混合物。使用0.22 μm PVDF針筒過濾器過濾經純化之反應混合物,然後進行連接體對抗體比率(LAR)分析。 經由經20 mM組胺酸、50 mM氯化鈉、8.5%蔗糖、0.01% Tween-20及50 µM亞硫酸氫鈉(pH 6.2)平衡之Sephadex G-25凝膠過濾管柱來過濾5F9-磺基-SPDB-CDA-1 (5F9-CDA-1)結合反應混合物。使用0.22 μm PVDF針筒過濾器來過濾經純化之結合物且在4℃下儲存過夜。第二天,使用0.22 μm PVDF針筒過濾器再過濾磺化結合物,然後分析。B. hu5F9-CDA-2 之製備 i. 結合
在結合之前使人類5F9抗體交換至15 mM HEPES (pH 8.5)緩衝液中。然後使用2步反應方案來製備結合物。在步驟1中,於97/3水:有機物比率之15 mM HEPES (pH 8.5)及DMA中用5F9抗體(表3中所述之代表性莫耳濃度過量)將磺基-SPDB連接體滴定至4 mg/mL之最終抗體濃度。在25℃水浴中將此反應混合物培育2小時,且然後如下文所述來純化。 在步驟2中,於85/15水:有機物比率之15 mM HEPES (pH 8.5)及DMA中將1.5莫耳當量之磺基-SPDB上之CDA-2添加至抗體-連接體混合物中。在25℃水浴中將此反應混合物培育4小時,然後純化至調配物緩衝液(10 mM組胺酸、50 mM氯化鈉、8.5%蔗糖、0.01% Tween-20、50 μM亞硫酸氫鈉,pH 6.2)中。表 3 ii . 純化
使用於10 mM磷酸鉀(pH 7.9)中平衡之Sephadex G-25 NAP管柱來純化5F9-磺基-SPDB反應混合物。使用0.22 μm PVDF針筒過濾器過濾經純化之反應混合物,然後進行LAR分析。 經由經20 mM組胺酸、50 mM氯化鈉、8.5%蔗糖、0.01% Tween-20及50 µM亞硫酸氫鈉(pH 6.2)平衡之Sephadex G-25凝膠過濾管柱來過濾5F9-磺基-SPDB-CDA-2 (5F9-CDA-2)結合反應混合物。使用0.22 μm PVDF針筒過濾器來過濾經純化之結合物且在4℃下儲存過夜。第二天,使用0.22 μm PVDF針筒過濾器再過濾磺化結合物,然後分析。C. hu5F9-CDA-3 之製備 i. 結合及純化:平臺方案
在結合之前使人類5F9抗體緩衝液交換至15 mM HEPES (pH 8.5)中。然後使用CDA-3之磺化形式CDA-3A來製備5F9-CDA-3結合物。首先經由在環境溫度下於90/10有機物:水溶液中將CDA-3B與5倍莫耳濃度過量之亞硫酸氫鈉及50 mM琥珀酸鹽(pH 5.0)一起培育3小時,然後在4℃下培育過夜來磺化CDA-3A。然後使用15 mM HEPES (pH 8.5)中之2.0 mg/mL之5F9抗體且以基於該抗體之指定莫耳濃度過量添加CDA-3A來實施結合反應(關於代表性結合參見表4)。結合反應具有最終15 mM HEPES (pH 8.5)及DMA之90/10水:有機物組成,且在25℃下在水浴中培育4小時,然後純化至調配物緩衝液(10 mM組胺酸、50 mM氯化鈉、8.5%蔗糖、0.01% Tween-20、50 μM亞硫酸氫鈉,pH 6.2)中。 使用經10 mM組胺酸、50 mM氯化鈉、8.5%蔗糖、0.01% Tween-20及50 µM亞硫酸氫鈉(pH 6.2)平衡之Sephadex G-25 NAP管柱來純化5F9-CDA-3結合反應混合物。使用0.22 μm PVDF針筒過濾器來過濾經純化之結合物且在4℃下針對新鮮調配物緩衝液透析過夜,然後在環境溫度下使用新鮮調配物緩衝液透析4小時。使用0.22 μm PVDF針筒過濾器再過濾結合物,然後分析。表 4 ii. 結合及純化:最佳化方案 I
探究多個參數(包括等滲強度、導電性、pH、反應濃度及CDA-3之莫耳當量)以最佳化期望5F9-CDA-3結合物之產率。自該等研究發現使用75 mM EPPS (pH 8.0)緩衝液之最佳化方案。與標準平臺方案類似,使用磺化CDA-3A (如先前部分中所述來製備)來製備5F9-CDA-3結合物。使用75 mM EPPS (pH 8.0)中之2.0 mg/mL之5F9抗體且以基於該抗體之指定莫耳濃度過量添加CDA-3A來實施最佳化結合反應(關於代表性結合參見表5)。結合反應具有75 mM EPPS (pH 8.0)及DMA之最終90/10水:有機物組成,且在25℃下在水浴中培育4小時,然後純化至調配物緩衝液(10 mM組胺酸、50 mM氯化鈉、8.5%蔗糖、0.01% Tween-20、50 μM亞硫酸氫鈉,pH 6.2)中。 使用經10 mM組胺酸、50 mM氯化鈉、8.5%蔗糖、0.01% Tween-20及50 µM亞硫酸氫鈉(pH 6.2)平衡之Sephadex G-25 NAP管柱來純化5F9-CDA-3結合反應混合物。使用0.22 μm PVDF針筒過濾器來過濾經純化之結合物且在4℃下針對新鮮調配物緩衝液透析過夜,然後在環境溫度下使用新鮮調配物緩衝液透析4小時。使用0.22 μm PVDF針筒過濾器再過濾結合物,然後分析。表 5 iii 結合及純化:最佳化方案 II 最佳化磺化
如下磺化CDA-3B以生成CDA-3A。向3.75 mL 50 mM琥珀酸鈉(pH 3.3)中添加6.11 mL量之DMA。混合且在水浴中平衡至10℃後,添加1.39 mL之於DMA中之21.5 mM CDA-3B原液(30.0 μmol CDA-3)且混合。在此添加後,將3.75 mL之20 mM亞硫酸氫鈉水溶液(2.5當量,75 μmol)引入反應中。混合後,使反應在10℃下進行15.5小時且不經純化立即用於下一步驟中。反應混合物之液相層析(反相)分析指示92.4%轉化成CDA-3A及2.4%剩餘未反應之CDA-3B,此顯示於圖9A中。藉由LC/MS確認CDA-3A之峰強度,如圖9B中所示。 結合後淬滅
為確定其中結合後離子強度增加使得高分子量(HMW)物質之形成減少之條件,實施以下最佳化。在22℃下使5F9抗體(2 mg/mL)與3.8莫耳當量之CDA-3A結合達80-90分鐘。結合反應物之最終組成包含130 mM EPPS (pH 8.7)及15體積% DMA。完成結合反應後,立即用所指示體積之淬滅溶液稀釋各等份,如表6中所詳述。針對在22℃下保溫時之指示時間監測HMW物質%之變化。基於此發現,選擇使用750 mM EPPS之1.4-1.6倍稀釋物及使用750 mM EPPS/150 mM組胺酸鹽酸鹽之1.4-1.6倍稀釋物。在以下結合實例中,採用使用750 mM EPPS/150 mM組胺酸鹽酸鹽之1.5倍稀釋物。表6繪示淬滅溶液對粗5F9-CDA-3結合物之穩定性之效應。將粗5f9-CDA-3結合物與不同的淬滅溶液一起培育指定時間量且藉由粒徑篩析層析測定分子量物質%之變化。表 6
* 藉由自表中所指示時間之實驗HMW%減去t=0 min時適宜對照之HMW%來計算。 最佳化結合及純化
在含有325 mL 130 mM EPPS (pH 8.7)之配備有頂置式攪拌器之1 L夾套玻璃反應器中添加68.6 mL DMA。混合且使溶液平衡至22℃後,將5F9抗體於130 mM EPPS (pH 8.7)中之100 mL 10.0 mg/mL溶液引入反應器中且允許混合15分鐘。隨後,將12.8 mL 2 mM CDA-3A溶液(25.5 μmol, 3.7當量5F9抗體;使用先前所述之最佳化磺化方案來製備)引入反應溶液中。在22℃下攪拌60 min後,將250 mL含有150 mM組胺酸鹽酸鹽及750 mM EPPS之水溶液轉移至反應容器中。充分混合後,經由Millipore Optiscale 47 Express SHC 0.5/0.2 μM過濾器過濾此材料。然後藉由用TangenX 0.02 m2
HyStream 30 kD Sius LSN TFF盒超濾將粗反應混合物濃縮至2.5 mg/mL之計算本體蛋白濃度。在濃縮步驟後,針對4.8 L 50 mM組胺酸、6.7 w/v (重量/體積) %蔗糖、0.1 v/v (體積/體積) %聚山梨醇酯-80、50 μM亞硫酸氫鈉(pH 5.5)緩衝液對溶液進行滲濾。滲濾後,用Millipore Optiscale 47 Express SHC 0.5/0.2 μM過濾器過濾滲餘物溶液。在2℃-8℃下儲存2 d後,藉由添加所需體積之額外50 mM組胺酸、6.7 w/v%蔗糖、0.1 v/v%聚山梨醇酯-80、50 μM亞硫酸氫鈉(pH 5.5)緩衝液將溶液稀釋至1.0 mg/mL結合物。然後經由Millipore Optiscale 47 Durapore 0.22μM過濾器過濾此溶液,獲得818 mL 1.0 mg/mL結合物。藉由UV/vis最終結合物之經量測DAR係2.6,其中藉由SEC為97.4%單體及2.5% HMW。產物之最終產率為82%。D. 5F9-PVAdG-CDA-3 之製備
使用先前部分中所述使用75 mM EPPS (pH 8.0)緩衝液之方案來製備5F9-PVAdG-CDA-3結合物。5F9-PVAdG抗體含有用IgG2類似位置之高度保守之胺基酸PVA替代IgG1重鏈(SEQ ID NO:9)中之ELLG之胺基酸取代,此對結合FcγRIIIb至關重要(Vidarsson等人,IgG subclasses and allotypes: from structure to effector functions, Frontiers in Immunology, 5(520): 1-17(2014))。 使用75 mM EPPS (pH 8.0)中之2.0 mg/mL之5F9 PVAdG抗體藉由以基於該抗體之指定莫耳濃度過量添加磺化CDA-3A來實施結合反應(關於代表性結合參見表6)。結合反應具有75 mM EPPS (pH 8.0)及DMA之最終90/10水:有機物組成,且在25℃下在水浴中培育4小時,然後純化至調配物緩衝液(10 mM組胺酸、50 mM氯化鈉、8.5%蔗糖、0.01% Tween-20、50 µM亞硫酸氫鈉,pH 6.2)中。 使用經10 mM組胺酸、50 mM氯化鈉、8.5%蔗糖、0.01% Tween-20、50 µM亞硫酸氫鈉(pH 6.2)平衡之Sephadex G-25 HiPrep管柱來純化5F9-PVAdG-CDA-3結合反應混合物。使用0.22 µm PVDF針筒過濾器過濾經純化之結合物,然後分析。表 7 實例 6 :抗體 - 藥物結合物之分析 A . 連接體對抗體比率 (LAR) 之測定
藉由紫外/可見範圍光譜(UV/Vis)使用5F9抗體之280 nm下之吸光度值及消光係數(ε= 224,000 M-1
;表8)來測定經純化5F9-磺基-SPDB中抗體之濃度。假設在pH 7.5緩衝液中在用二硫蘇糖醇(DTT)處理後連接分子/所釋放硫吡啶之比率為1:1,然後在343 nm下進行UV/Vis分析(ε= 8,080 M-1
)來量測磺基-SPDB連接體之濃度。連接體對抗體之莫耳濃度比率報告為LAR值。B . 藥物對抗體比率 (DAR) 之測定
藉由UV/Vis使用280 nm及330 nm下之吸光度值來測定經純化結合物樣品中5F9抗體及CDA之濃度。由於抗體及CDA二者在280 nm下皆有吸收,故需要二項方程來考慮總信號屬每一部分之部分。僅CDA在330 nm處有吸收,故該波長下之濃度可僅屬效應物分子。結合部分之消光係數值列示於表7中。 使用以下代數式來量化抗體及CDA組份,其將每一組份在每一波長下之貢獻考慮在內: CCDA
= A330
/ e330 nm IGN
CAb
= (A280
- (e280 nm IGN/
e330 nm IGN
) × A330
) / e280 nm Ab
Ax
係X nm波長下之吸光度值,而CAb
係抗體(即,5F9)之莫耳濃度且CCDA
係CDA之莫耳濃度。CDA:Ab之比率(DAR)係根據上述莫耳濃度之比率來計算。5F9及CDA之mg/mL (g/L)濃度係使用表8中所列示之分子量來計算。表 8
使用用於結合及純化中之替代方案:最佳化方案II再計算。C. 單體結合物 % 之測定
經由HPLC分析使用尺寸排除層析(SEC)來測定經純化5F9-CDA樣品中單體結合物之百分比。將約10-100 μg 5F9-CDA結合物注射至附接有SEC管柱(TSK GEL G3000SWxl 5 μm, 7.8 mm × 30 cm,部件號08541;推薦保護管柱TSK GEL, 4 cm,部件號08543, TOSOH Biosciences, King of Prussia, PA)之HPLC儀器上,且以0.5 mL/分鐘使用400 mM過氯酸鈉、50 mM磷酸鈉、5%異丙醇之等強度移動相來運行。經30 min收集280 nm及330 nm波長下之吸光度信號。 5F9抗體單體通常在約17 min時溶析,而5F9-CDA結合物單體通常溶析為雙重峰且在約17 min及約19 min時具有峰值。高分子量物質(HMW,例如二聚體、聚集物)及低分子量物質(LMW,例如片段)通常分別在約12 min及約24 min時溶析。 根據17 min峰(或17/19雙重峰)之280 nm峰面積來計算單體抗體(或結合物)%,且與所有蛋白質峰之總面積進行比較。單體峰上之DAR亦係藉由將280 nm及330 nm信號之峰面積代入上部分所示之CCDA
及CAb
方程中之A280
及A330
空間、且然後除以CCDA/
CAb
來測定。D. 未經結合之 CDA% 之測定
經由UPLC分析使用串聯SEC及C-18反相管柱(「雙管柱」)來測定經純化5F9-CDA樣品中所存在之未經結合之CDA (「游離藥物」)之量。將兩個Waters Acquity UPLC蛋白質BEH SEC管柱(1.7 µm, 4.6 × 30 mm,部件號186005793, Waters Corporation, Milford, MA)串聯連結以分離完整5F9-CDA結合物與游離藥物,然後將該游離藥物通入Waters Cortecs UPLC C-18管柱(2.1 × 50 mm,部件號186007093)以分離並量化游離CDA物質。藉由用乙腈(ACN)稀釋至20% (v/v) ACN、注射至管柱系列(25 µL)上且根據表9中所列示之梯度運行來製備5F9-CDA結合物:表 9
表9:流速= 0.35 ml/min;運行時間= 12.5分鐘;C-18管柱溫度= 30 ℃;移動相= A: 0.1% (v/v) TFA於水中,B: 0.1% (v/v) TFA於ACN中 使管柱在2.2 min時自連線SEC轉向C-18且在14.0 min時返回至連線SEC。在265 nm時收集信號。使用源自CDA-1或CDA-3之標準曲線,根據在2.2-14.0分鐘窗中發現之峰、使用下式來計算樣品中所存在游離藥物之量: Ng游離 CDA-1
= (AUC265 nm
+ 353) / 5406 ng游離 CDA-3
= (AUC265 nm
+ 11805) / 4888 游離CDA% = ng游離 CDA
/ ng注射 實例 7 : 抗體 - 藥物結合物之表徵 細胞系
用於功能分析之細胞系係經GCC轉染及載體對照人類胚腎(HEK) 293細胞之細胞對。在CMV啟動子控制下或用空載體(pN8mycSV40)用帶myc標籤之全長GCC轉染HEK293細胞,並在殺稻瘟菌素中進行選擇。HEK293-GCC 2號純系展示最高GCC表現。使用全細胞結合分析用經放射標記之配體(ST-毒素)進一步分析HEK293-GCC 2號細胞中之GCC表現,且GCC受體量之量化表明,HEK293-GCC 2號細胞所表現之GCC多於其他表現GCC之細胞系(例如,經GCC轉染之人類結腸直腸腺癌HT-29細胞及T84人類結腸腺癌細胞)。A . 細胞結合 / 親和力分析
為確定每一抗體-藥物結合物結合表現GCC之細胞之能力,藉由間接免疫-螢光分析使用流式細胞術來評估5F9-CDA結合物。使HEK293-GCC 2號及載體對照細胞生長於補充有10%胎牛血清(FBS)之標準細胞培養基中。使用Versene (ThermoFisher Scientific, Washington, DC;目錄號15040-066)自板表面以非酶方式取出細胞,在1200 rpm下在含有FBS之無菌管中離心5 min,且在不含Ca2+
或Mg2+
之3% FBS/磷酸鹽緩衝鹽水(PBS)中洗滌。將此離心-洗滌步驟再重複一次,然後將細胞以5 × 106
個細胞/mL之濃度重懸浮於3% FBS/PBS中,且以100 µL等份(約500,000個細胞)添加至V底96孔板之實驗孔中。在1200 rpm下將板離心5 min。 離心後,自每一孔去除上清液且更換為50 µL一級抗體-藥物結合物溶液。各自製備最終濃度為1 µg/mL之5F9-CDA-1、5F9-CDA-2及5F9-CDA-3之溶液。將96孔皿覆蓋且在4℃下(在冰上)培育1小時,然後自各孔去除溶液且在100 µL 3% FBS/PBS (不含Ca2+
或Mg2+
)中將細胞洗滌兩次。 根據製造商之建議,以1:200稀釋山羊F(ab’)2抗人類IgG、小鼠ads-PE (SouthernBiotech, Birmingham, AL;目錄號2043-09)二級抗體。完成第二次洗滌後,將50 µL二級抗體溶液添加至每一實驗孔中,且將經覆蓋之96孔板於4℃下(在冰上)放置1小時。然後將板離心,且將上清液更換為100 µL 3% FBS/PBS (不含Ca2+
或Mg2+
)。將此離心-洗滌步驟重複總共兩個週期。最後將細胞重構於200 µL PBS (不含Ca2+
或Mg2+
)中且裝載至BD FACS Canto流式細胞計數器(BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ)上。使用FACS II Canto系統軟體及適宜過濾器設定來分析數據。 CDA與抗體分子之結合可改變該抗體對其靶抗原之親和力或破壞該抗體之細胞與其抗原之結合。圖 1
展示CDA結合不會影響或減少5F9抗體與GCC之結合。未經結合之5F9 (圖 1A
)與本發明5F9-CDA結合物(圖 1B-1D
)之間之親和力值係相當的。表9展示在5F9-CDA結合物中CDA與5F9之結合不會影響或減少抗體分子與GCC之結合。表 10 B . 細胞毒性 / 功效分析
為量測每一5F9-CDA結合物殺死表現GCC之細胞之能力,實施細胞毒性分析。在此分析中,將表現GCC之HEK293-GCC 2號細胞及載體對照細胞以2 × 103
個/孔之密度一式三份接種於96孔深孔板中。將5F9-CDA之連續稀釋物立即添加至經接種孔中,且在37℃下將板培育96小時。培育後,根據製造商之推薦使用CellTiter-Glo®發光分析(Promega, Madison, WI)來評估細胞活力。將活力正規化至未經處理之對照細胞,且將誤差計算為平均值之標準誤差(SEM)。 5F9-CDA結合物對HEK293-GCC 2號細胞之相對功效顯示於圖 2
中。5F9-CDA-2 (圖 2B
)及5F9-CDA-3 (圖 2C
)係比5F9-CDA-1更強效之抗體-藥物結合物(圖 2A
)。參見表11。該等分析亦展示,本發明之抗體-藥物結合物特異性靶向並殺死表現GCC之細胞,且在不表現GCC抗原之細胞中具有顯著降低之細胞毒性。表 11 C. 內化分析
在表現GCC之HEK293-GCC 2號細胞及載體對照細胞二者中使用免疫螢光顯微術來測試抗GCC抗體分子之內化。使細胞生長於蓋玻片上且於冰上放置10 min,然後與5F9抗體(10 μg/mL)於冷培養基中於冰上一起培育20 min。然後將含抗體培養基更換為新鮮培養基,且將細胞在37℃下培育2-3小時或維持在4℃下(在冰上)。在室溫下於PBS中沖洗一次且於4%多聚甲醛中短暫固定後,在5% TRITON X-100中使細胞透化15 min。用經螢光標記之抗IgG抗體使用雷射掃描共聚焦顯微鏡測定5F9抗體之定位。當在冰上時,5F9抗體定位於表現GCC之細胞之細胞表面,而在37℃下培育之細胞顯示細胞膜內之點狀染色,此指示內化。在載體對照細胞未檢測到內化。實例 8 : 活體內評估 A . ADC 在腫瘤模型中之效能
在小鼠異種移植物模型中評估5F9-CDA結合物之活體內效能。 對於所有效能研究,向雌性CB-17 SCID小鼠(6-7週齡)之側腹上皮下接種5 × 106
個HEK293-GCC 2號細胞,或向6-7週齡裸小鼠接種來自患者(a)、(b)及(c)之人類原發性腫瘤(PHTX)之2 mm × 3 mm腫瘤片段,在不含10% FBS之達爾伯克氏改良伊格爾培養基(Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium,DMEM)中連續移植至側腹上。當平均腫瘤體積達到約200 mm3
時,將動物隨機化至多個治療組中。治療組(n
= 5隻/組)包括投用適宜媒劑之對照組、投用chKTI-CDA之對照組或投用本發明5F9-CDA結合物之實驗組。 嵌合KTI (chKTI)抗體係衍生自以下文獻中所述之ATCC雜交瘤HB-9515之鼠類/人類嵌合抗體:美國專利4,959,310;Brandon等人,J. Food Sci.
53:97-101 (1988);Brandon等人,J. Agric. Food Chem.
36:1336-1341 (1988);Brandon等人,J. Agric. Food Chem
. 39:327-335 (1991);及Brandon等人,Crop Sci
. 32:1502-1505 (1992)。chKTI抗體結合Kunitz大豆胰蛋白酶抑制劑(KTI)。chKTI抗體並不靶向GCC,且用作Ab-CDA結合物對照。 每週一次持續三週向小鼠投與含有多個劑量之5F9-CDA結合物之溶液或對照治療之單次靜脈內注射(即,在第0天、第7天及第14天時分次方案投藥)或其單次急性劑量(即,僅在第0天投藥)。使用遊標卡尺每週一次持續11週監測腫瘤生長。使用式(V = [W2
× L]/2)來計算平均腫瘤體積。藉由比較媒劑對照臂與每一實驗藥劑之平均腫瘤體積來確定實驗藥劑之抗腫瘤效能。 在帶有HEK293-GCC腫瘤之小鼠中,5F9-CDA結合物達成耐久抗腫瘤活性(圖 3
)。特定而言,直至5F9-CDA-1及5F9-CDA-2治療後5-6週才發生再生長(圖 3A 及 3B
)。抗腫瘤活性在5F9-CDA-3研究中最明顯,其中通常直至治療後8-9週才觀察到腫瘤再生長(圖 3C
)。應注意,經5F9-CDA-1治療之組係以60 µg/kg投藥,而經5F9-CDA-2及5F9-CDA-3治療之組各自係以10 µg/kg投藥,此使得利用5F9-CDA-3觀察到之抗腫瘤活性甚至更顯著。 在原發性人類腫瘤異種移植物(PHTX)結腸直腸模型中,在PHTX(a) (圖 4A 及 4D
)及PHTX(b) (圖 5A
)中用5F9-CDA-1 (60-180 µg/kg)治療使腫瘤再生長之開始延遲高達5週,PHTX(b)係為MLN0264 (5F9-vcMMAE,參見US 8,785,600)治療難治性模型(圖 4A
及4D)
。在經較低劑量(20-60 µg/kg)之5F9-CDA-2 (圖 4B
、4E 、 5B
及6A
)或5F9-CDA-3 (圖 4C
、4F 、 5C
及6B
)治療之PHTX(a)、PHTX(b)及PHTX(c)腫瘤中觀察到甚至更長時間段之生長抑制。與帶有HEK293-GCC腫瘤之小鼠中之觀察類似,靜脈內投與5F9-CDA-3產生最長的腫瘤再生長延遲,介於治療後至少8週至14週範圍內。 在每一原發性腫瘤模型中實施之活體內效能研究之腫瘤/對照(T/C)值顯示於表12中。T/C係報告給定治療臂(T)相對於對照臂(C)之腫瘤大小之度量。強抗腫瘤活性通常定義為T/C ≤ 0.40。對於每一研究,T/C係在量測對照臂之最後一天來計算。在每一模型中,5F9-CDA-1在較高劑量(90 µg/kg及120 µg/kg)下達成T/C值≤ 0.40,而5F9-CDA-2及5F9-CDA-3二者在較低劑量(20-45 µg/kg)下達成T/C值≤ 0.40。 表12 B . 藥物動力學 / 藥效學研究
實施研究以確定5F9-CDA結合物在帶有HEK293-GCC腫瘤之小鼠中之藥物動力學(PK)。PK研究遵循與上述效能研究相同之皮下接種方案。當平均腫瘤體積達到約500 mm3
時,將動物隨機化至多個治療組中。 向小鼠投與30 µg/kg之5F9-CDA結合物或媒劑之單次靜脈內劑量。在注射後之每一定義時間點(1小時、24小時、48小時、96小時、168小時、336小時及504小時)殺死三隻動物,且收穫腫瘤及全血樣品。將血液樣品轉移至血清分離管(BD Biosciences;目錄號365956)中。對腫瘤組織進行福馬林固定及石蠟包埋以分析藥效學生物標記物變化,如下文所述。C. 血漿中之總抗體及總 ADC 之 PK 評價
使用夾心免疫分析實施在5F9-CDA治療後鼠類血液樣品中總抗體及總抗體-藥物結合物(ADC)之量之評估。用包含融合至小鼠Fc區之GCC細胞外結構域之蛋白質包覆96孔板。GCC抗原之此部分能夠捕獲樣品中所存在之5F9-CDA結合物。使用釕化驢抗人類Fc-γ抗體來檢測經捕獲之5F9-CDA用於總抗體分析,同時使用釕化抗CDA抗體來量測總ADC。在含三丙胺之讀取緩衝液存在下,釕標籤產生由電壓觸發之化學發光信號。在MESO QuickPlex SQ 120儀器(Meso Scale Diagnostics, Rockville, MD)上量測化學發光。 用5F9-CDA-1治療後、具體而言在168小時及336小時時間點,總抗體及總ADC含量彼此略有不同(圖 7A
)。此差異表明ADC在循環中之一定程度之不穩定性。相比之下,對於5F9-CDA-2及5F9-CDA-3二者,總抗體及總ADC含量在所有時間點相當(圖 7B
及7C
),此指示該等結合物在活體內係穩定的。 下表13報告使用非分室分析計算之PK參數。應注意,5F9-CDA-3展示慢於5F9-CDA-1或5F9-CDA-2之清除率(CL)。此差異產生5F9-CDA-3結合物隨時間之更大暴露,如曲線下面積(AUC)值中所反映。 表12 D. 單次投與 5F9 ADC 後之 PD 生物標記物活性
藉由石蠟包埋之HEK293-GCC 2號腫瘤切片之免疫組織化學染色來檢測藥效學(PD)生物標記物。將切片安裝至載玻片上,在100℃下與用於表位恢復之基於EDTA之溶液(pH 9.0)一起培育20 min,且在無血清蛋白質封阻液(Dako, Carpinteria, CA;目錄號X0909)中封阻以防止非特異性抗體結合。然後用識別磷酸-CHK1 (1:200;AbCam, Cambridge, MA;目錄號MIL2.091411.fzh)及磷酸-γ-H2AX (1:1500;Cell Signaling Technologies, Beverly, MA;目錄號9178)之抗體製備一級抗體溶液,且在加濕室中與切片一起培育1小時。檢查點激酶1 (CHK1)係絲胺酸/蘇胺酸特異性蛋白激酶,其活化指示細胞週期阻滯及某些形式之基因毒性應激,而γ-H2AX係組織蛋白家族之成員,其在招募及定位DNA修復蛋白期間變得磷酸化。使用DAB (3,3’-二胺基聯苯胺)聚合物檢測試劑進行染色之檢測及可視化,且使用自定義影像分析算法來測定相對於背景染色之染色量。結果報告為組織切片中抗原陽性細胞/總活細胞之百分比。圖 8
顯示,單次投與每一5F9-CDA結合物使得磷酸-CHK1 (圖 8A
)及磷酸-γ-H2AX (圖 8B
)二者顯著增加,且此增加在用5F9-CDA-2及5F9-CDA-3治療後最明顯。因此,可使用DNA損害反應生物標記物來檢測活體內5F9-CDA結合物之活性。 總之,就在GCC陽性模型中5F9-CDA-1、5F9-CDA-2及5F9-CDA-3對細胞/腫瘤生長之影響皆已進行活體外及活體內測試。綜上所述,利用該等ADC中之每一者生成之數據表明,5F9-CDA-3在一系列模型中具有較大的GCC依賴性活性。儘管5F9-CDA-2及5F9-CDA-3之活性邊限在活體外相當,但ADC在活體內測試時開始分離。在臨床前鼠類癌症模型中每一ADC在單次投與或重複投藥後之耐受性相當,但抗腫瘤活性與相應同型對照ADC相比更明顯。另外,5F9-CDA-3之抗腫瘤活性一致地比對5F9-CDA-2所觀察到更耐久。此圖解說明於使用分次投藥及/或遵循單次投與之圖3-6中。使用非分室分析來計算圖8中所示之PK數據。應注意,5F9-CDA-3展示慢於5F9-CDA-1或5F9-CDA-2之清除率(CL)。此差異產生5F9-CDA-3結合物隨時間之更大暴露,如曲線下面積(AUC)值中所反映。與此觀察一致,亦已觀察到在單次投與5F9-CDA-3後PD生物標記物pCHK-1及pg-H2AX之最穩健之活化。
圖1A-圖1D顯示與表現GCC之細胞之細胞結合數據。圖1A反映未經結合之5F9抗體之親和力值。圖1B、圖1C及圖1D分別反映抗體-藥物結合物5F9-CDA-1、5F9-CDA-2及5F9-CDA-3之親和力值。 圖2A-圖2C繪示5F9-CDA結合物對HEK293-GCC 2號細胞之相對功效。 圖3A-圖3C分別展示5F9-CDA-1、5F9-CDA-2及5F9-CDA-3在帶有HEK293-GCC 2號腫瘤之小鼠中之活體內效能。 圖4A-圖4C分別展示5F9-CDA-1、5F9-CDA-2及5F9-CDA-3在單一劑量後在帶有結腸直腸癌之原發性人類腫瘤異種移植物模型PHTX(a)腫瘤之小鼠中的活體內效能。圖4D-圖4F分別展示5F9-CDA-1、5F9-CDA-2及5F9-CDA-3在分次劑量後在帶有結腸直腸癌之原發性人類腫瘤異種移植物模型PHTX(a)腫瘤之小鼠中的活體內效能。 圖5A-圖5C分別展示5F9-CDA-1、5F9-CDA-2及5F9-CDA-3在帶有結腸直腸癌之原發性人類腫瘤異種移植物模型PHTX(b)腫瘤之小鼠中之活體內效能。 圖6A-圖6B分別展示5F9-CDA-2及5F9-CDA-3在帶有結腸直腸癌之原發性人類腫瘤異種移植物模型PHTX(c)腫瘤之小鼠中之活體內效能。 圖7A-圖7C繪示在如實例8中所述投與5F9-CDA-1、5F9-CDA-2或5F9-CDA-3後帶有HEK293-GCC腫瘤之小鼠之藥物動力學(PK)曲線。 圖8A及8B繪示在如實例8中所述投與5F9-CDA-1、5F9-CDA-2或5F9-CDA-3後帶有HEK293-GCC腫瘤之小鼠之藥效學(PD)曲線。 圖9A繪示磺化反應之液相層析圖。圖9B繪示對應於CDA-3B之峰之質譜特徵。
Claims (32)
- 一種抗體-藥物結合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其包含:CDA-3A 或CDA-3B 結合至包含具有SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2及SEQ ID NO:3之互補決定區(CDR)胺基酸序列的重鏈可變區及具有SEQ ID NO:4、SEQ ID NO:5及SEQ ID NO:6之CDR胺基酸序列的輕鏈可變區之抗體。
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其包含:(Ab-CDA-3A) 或(Ab-CDA-3B) 其中M係-H或醫藥上可接受之陽離子;且其中HN係該抗體。
- 如請求項1或2之抗體-藥物結合物,其中該重鏈可變區包含SEQ ID NO:7之胺基酸序列且該輕鏈可變區包含SEQ ID NO:8之胺基酸序列。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之抗體-藥物結合物,其中該重鏈包含SEQ ID NO:9之胺基酸序列且該輕鏈包含SEQ ID NO:10之胺基酸序列。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之抗體-藥物結合物,其中該藥物:抗體比率(DAR)介於約1至約8範圍內。
- 如請求項5之抗體-藥物結合物,其中該DAR介於約1至約4範圍內。
- 如請求項5之抗體-藥物結合物,其中該DAR介於約2至約3範圍內。
- 一種治療個體之胃腸源癌症之方法,其包含投與治療有效量之如請求項1至7中任一項之抗體-藥物結合物之步驟。
- 如請求項8之方法,其中該胃腸源癌症選自結腸癌、結腸直腸癌、直腸癌、胃食道癌、胃癌及食道癌。
- 如請求項9之方法,其中該結腸直腸癌選自結腸直腸腺癌、結腸直腸平滑肌肉瘤、結腸直腸淋巴瘤、結腸直腸黑色素瘤及結腸直腸神經內分泌腫瘤。
- 如請求項9之方法,其中該胃癌選自胃腺癌、胃淋巴瘤、胃肉瘤及其轉移。
- 如請求項9之方法,其中該癌症係選自食道之鱗狀細胞癌及腺癌之食道癌。
- 一種治療個體之胰臟癌之方法,其包含投與治療有效量之如請求項1至7中任一項之抗體-藥物結合物之步驟。
- 一種減少或抑制表現GCC之腫瘤生長之方法,其包含投與治療有效量之如請求項1至7中任一項之抗體-藥物結合物。
- 一種減少患有表現GCC癌症個體之轉移性病灶之數量或大小的方法,其包含投與治療有效量之如請求項1至7中任一項之抗體-藥物結合物。
- 一種降低患有表現GCC癌症個體之腫瘤負荷之方法,其包含投與治療有效量之如請求項1至7中任一項之抗體-藥物結合物。
- 一種使患有表現GCC癌症之個體存活時間延長及/或維持或改良生活品質之方法,其包含投與治療有效量之如請求項1至7中任一項之抗體-藥物結合物。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含如請求項1至7中任一項之抗體-藥物結合物及醫藥上可接受之載劑。
- 如請求項18之醫藥組合物,其中該抗體-藥物結合物調配於10 mM組胺酸、50 mM氯化鈉、8.5%蔗糖、0.01% Tween-20、50 μM亞硫酸氫鈉,pH 6.2中。
- 如請求項18之醫藥組合物,其中該抗體-藥物結合物調配於50 mM組胺酸、6.7%蔗糖、0.1%聚山梨醇酯-80、50 μM亞硫酸氫鈉,pH 5.5中。
- 一種製備抗體-藥物結合物之方法,其包含以下步驟:使包含具有SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2及SEQ ID NO:3之CDR胺基酸序列的重鏈可變區及具有SEQ ID NO:4、SEQ ID NO:5及SEQ ID NO:6之CDR胺基酸序列的輕鏈可變區之抗體與選自(CDA-3A) 及(CDA-3B) 或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之細胞毒性藥劑反應。
- 如請求項21之方法,其中該反應係在75 mM EPPS緩衝液(pH 8.0)及二甲基乙醯胺之混合物中實施。
- 如請求項21之方法,其中該反應係在130 mM EPPS緩衝液(pH 8.7)及二甲基乙醯胺之混合物中實施。
- 如請求項22或23之方法,其中二甲基乙醯胺之量為1體積%至25體積%。
- 如請求項22或23之方法,其中二甲基乙醯胺之量為5體積%至20體積%。
- 如請求項21至25中任一項之方法,其中該反應係在16℃至30℃實施。
- 如請求項21至25中任一項之方法,其中該反應係在22℃至25℃實施。
- 如請求項21至27中任一項之方法,其中在純化之前用150 mM組胺酸鹽酸鹽及750 mM EPPS淬滅(quenched)該反應。
- 如請求項21至27中任一項之方法,其中在純化之前用750 mM EPPS淬滅該反應。
- 如請求項21至29中任一項之方法,其中該方法進一步包含純化該抗體-藥物結合物。
- 如請求項30之方法,其中該抗體-藥物結合物係使用層析管柱純化。
- 如請求項30之方法,其中該抗體-藥物結合物係使用過濾、然後切向流過濾(TFF)純化。
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- 2018-07-31 CL CL2018002050A patent/CL2018002050A1/es unknown
- 2018-08-02 PH PH12018501652A patent/PH12018501652A1/en unknown
- 2018-08-16 CO CONC2018/0008663A patent/CO2018008663A2/es unknown
- 2018-09-05 EC ECSENADI201866885A patent/ECSP18066885A/es unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EA201891723A1 (ru) | 2018-12-28 |
| AR108825A1 (es) | 2018-10-03 |
| AU2017214544A1 (en) | 2018-08-02 |
| HK1257352A1 (zh) | 2019-10-18 |
| CA3013458A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
| TN2018000264A1 (en) | 2020-01-16 |
| CN108883196A (zh) | 2018-11-23 |
| ECSP18066885A (es) | 2018-09-30 |
| PH12018501652A1 (en) | 2019-06-03 |
| KR20180115687A (ko) | 2018-10-23 |
| UY37111A (es) | 2017-08-31 |
| EP3411075A1 (en) | 2018-12-12 |
| BR112018015917A2 (pt) | 2018-12-26 |
| CL2018002050A1 (es) | 2018-12-21 |
| SG11201806142WA (en) | 2018-08-30 |
| JP2019511462A (ja) | 2019-04-25 |
| WO2017136693A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
| CO2018008663A2 (es) | 2018-08-31 |
| US20190038762A1 (en) | 2019-02-07 |
| MX2018009487A (es) | 2019-01-31 |
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