TW201806955A - Zeste同源物2增強子之抑制劑 - Google Patents
Zeste同源物2增強子之抑制劑 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201806955A TW201806955A TW106114574A TW106114574A TW201806955A TW 201806955 A TW201806955 A TW 201806955A TW 106114574 A TW106114574 A TW 106114574A TW 106114574 A TW106114574 A TW 106114574A TW 201806955 A TW201806955 A TW 201806955A
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Abstract
本發明係關於新穎的式(I)化合物,其為Zeste同源物2(EZH2)增強子之抑制劑,含有彼等之醫藥組成物、用於其製備之方法及其用於治療癌症之療法中的用途。
Description
本發明係關於抑制Zeste同源物2增強子(EZH2)之化合物,因此可用於抑制癌細胞增生及/或引發癌細胞凋亡。
表觀遺傳修飾在調節許多細胞代謝過程,包括細胞增生、分化和細胞存活上,扮演著重要角色。總體的表觀遺傳修飾常見於在癌症中,並包括DNA之整體改變及/或組蛋白甲基化、非編碼RNA之調控異常及核小體重塑造成致癌基因、腫瘤抑制基因和訊號傳遞路徑之異常活化或失活。然而,不同於癌症中所出現的基因突變,這些表觀基因變化經由選擇性抑制所涉及的酵素可能被逆轉。數種涉及組蛋白或DNA甲基化之甲基酶已知在癌症中為調控異常的。因此,特定的甲基酶之選擇性抑制劑將可用於治療增生性疾病,例如癌症。
EZH2(人類EZH2基因:Cardoso,C,et al;European J of Human Genetics,Vol.8,No.3 Pages 174-180,2000)為多梳抑制蛋白複合物[2 Polycomb Repressor Complex 2(PRC2)]之催化性亞單元,其作用係藉由三-甲基化組蛋白H3之離胺酸(H3K27me3)壓制目標基因。組蛋白H3為涉及真核細胞中染色質結構之五種主要組蛋白的其中之一。特徵為一主要球狀區和一長N-端尾部之組蛋白係涉及核小體的結構,一種「繩上懸珠」結構。組蛋白為高度後轉譯修飾,然而組蛋白H3為五種組蛋白中經最廣泛修飾的。單獨的術語「組蛋白H3」為蓄意不明確的,其中其並未區分序列變體或修飾狀態。組蛋白H3為表觀基因學之新領域
中一重要的蛋白,其中其序列變體和可變修飾狀態被認為在動態和長期基因調控上扮演要角。
在許多的實體腫瘤,包括前列腺、乳房、皮膚、膀胱、肝臟、胰臟、頭和頸之實體腫瘤中已觀察到增加的EZH2表現,並且與癌症的侵襲性、轉移和預後不良相關(Varambally et al.Nature 419:624-629,2002;Kleer et al.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:11606-11611,2003;Breuer et al.Neoplasia 6:736-743,2004;Bachmann et al.Prostate 65:252-259,2005;Weikert et al.Int.J.Mol.Med.16:349-353,2005;Sudo et al.British Journal of Cancer 92:1754-1758,2005;Bachmann et al.Journal of Clinical Oncology 24:268-273,2006)。例如,在腫瘤中表現高量EZH2之前列腺切除後有較高的復發風險,在帶有高量EZH2的乳癌病患中轉移性增加、無病生存期較短及死亡率增加(Varambally et al.Nature 419:624-629,2002;Kleer et al.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:11606-11611,2003)。新近,UTX[普遍存在轉錄三角形四肽重複序列X(ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeats X)]之失活性突變,一種作用與EZH2相反之H3K27去甲基酶,在多種實體和血液腫瘤類型中已辨識出(包括腎腫瘤、膠質母細胞瘤、食道腫瘤、乳房腫瘤、大腸腫瘤、非小細胞肺癌、小細胞肺癌、膀胱腫瘤、多發性骨髓瘤和慢性骨髓性白血病),而低量的UTX係與乳癌中存活率差有關,其顯示UTX的功能喪失導致H3K27me3增加並抑制目標基因(Wang et al.Genes & Development 24:327-332,2010)。綜合這些資料,其顯示在許多腫瘤類型中增加的H3K27me3量促成癌症的侵略性而抑制EZH2活性可能提供治療利益。
許多的研究已提出報告,經由siRNA或shRNA直接敲除EZH2或經由以SAH水解酶抑制劑3-deazaneplanocin A(DZNep)處理間接失去EZH2降低了活體外癌細胞株增生和侵襲以及活體內腫瘤生長(Gonzalez et al.,2008,GBM 2009)。在異常的EZH2活性導致癌症進展的準確機制仍未知的同時,許多的EZH2標靶基因為腫瘤抑制因子顯示腫瘤抑制因子功能喪失為一關鍵機制。此外,在不朽
化或初級上皮細胞中EZH2過度表現提高了非錨定依賴性生長和侵襲且需要EZH2催化活性(Kleer et al.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:11606-11611,2003;Cao et al.Oncogene 27:7274-7284,2008)。
因此,有強力的證據顯示,抑制EZH2活性降低了細胞增生及侵襲。因此,抑制EZH2活性的化合物應可用於治療癌症。
人類後天免疫缺乏病毒(HIV)前病毒因位於病毒長末端重復序列(LTR)之組蛋白的去乙醯化和甲基化而沉默。使用潛伏感染的Jurkat T-細胞株之染色質免疫沉澱實驗驗證了EZH2係以高量存在沉默的HIV前病毒之LTR且在前病毒復活後快速被取代。敲除EZH2引發高達40%的後天HIV前病毒。敲除EZH2亦敏化了後天前病毒對外界的刺激,例如T-細胞受體刺激,以及延緩復活的前病毒對潛伏期的復原。同樣地,對於外界反應差的細胞群族帶有HIV前病毒其係富含H3K27me3及相對地耗盡H3K9me3。這些發現顯示,PRC2-媒介的沉默為HIV潛伏性之重要特質且組蛋白甲基化的抑制劑可能在設計用來根除後天HIV池之誘導策略上扮演一有用角色(Friedman et al.J.Virol.85:9078-9089,2011)。另外的研究已顯示,在休眠的CD4+ T細胞之活體外培養中,前病毒啟動子之H3K27去甲基化敏化了後天HIV對伏立諾他(vorinostat)的效應(Tripathy et al.J.Virol.89:8392-8405,2015)。
本發明係關於式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽類:
其中:R1為(C1-C4)烷基或(C1-C4)烷氧基;R2為(C1-C3)烷基;及R3為(C1-C8)烷基、鹵基(C1-C8)烷基、羥基(C1-C8)烷基、(C1-C4)烷氧基(C1-C8)烷基-、(C3-C5)環烷基或(C6-C10)二環烷基,其中該(C3-C5)環烷基或(C6-C10)二環烷基各自可選擇地經一或二個獨立地選自鹵素、羥基、(C1-C4)烷氧基、(C1-C4)烷基和鹵基(C1-C4)烷基之基團取代。
本發明另一方面係關於實體腫瘤之細胞中引發細胞凋亡;治療實體腫瘤之方法。
本發明另一方面係關於包括式(I)化合物及醫藥上可接受賦形劑之醫藥製劑。
在另一方面係提供式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽或溶劑化物於製造醫藥品供用於治療由EZH2所媒介的病症之用途,例如藉由引發癌細胞之細胞凋亡。
在另一方面,本發明係提供式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽用於治療由EZH2所媒介的疾病之用途。本發明進一步係提供式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽於治療由EZH2所媒介的病症中作為活性治療物質之用途。
在另一方面,本發明係提供式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽供用於治療。
在另一方面,係提供式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽供用於治療由EZH2所媒介的病症。
在另一方面係提供式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽供用於治療細胞增生疾病。
在另一方面係提供式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽供用於治療癌症,包括治療實體腫瘤,例如腦癌(神經膠質瘤)、膠質母細胞瘤、白血病、淋巴瘤、班揚-尚納(Bannayan-Zonana)症候群、考登氏症(Cowden disease)、Lhermitte-Duclos疾病、乳癌、發炎性乳癌、威爾姆氏腫瘤(Wilm's tumor)、尤文氏肉瘤(Ewing's sarcoma)、橫紋肌肉瘤、室管膜瘤、髓芽母細胞瘤、大腸癌、胃癌、膀胱癌、頭頸癌、腎癌、肺癌、肝癌、黑色素瘤、腎癌、卵巢癌、胰臟癌、前列腺癌、肉瘤癌、骨肉瘤癌、骨巨細胞腫瘤及甲狀腺癌。在另一方面係提供式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽供用於治療血液癌症,例如急性骨髓性白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病、急性淋巴母細胞白血病、慢性淋巴性白血病、骨髓增生性疾病、多發性骨髓瘤、骨髓增生不良症候群、何杰金氏症(Hodgkin's disease)、非何杰金氏淋巴瘤,特別是非何杰金氏淋巴瘤,例如瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)和濾泡性淋巴瘤。
在另一方面係提供共投予本發明之式(I)化合物與其他活性成份之方法。
在另一方面係提供式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽與至少一種抗癌劑之組合供用於治療由EZH2所媒介的病症。
在另一方面係提供式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽與至少一種抗癌劑之組合供用於治療細胞增生性疾病。
在另一方面係提供式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽與至少一種抗癌劑之組合供用於治療癌症,包括治療實體腫瘤,例如腦癌(神經膠質瘤)、膠質母細胞瘤、白血病、淋巴瘤、班揚-尚納症候群、考登氏症、Lhermitte-Duclos疾病、乳癌、發炎性乳癌、威爾姆氏腫瘤、尤文氏肉瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤、室管膜瘤、髓芽母細
胞瘤、大腸癌、胃癌、膀胱癌、頭頸癌、腎癌、肺癌、肝癌、黑色素瘤、腎癌、卵巢癌、胰臟癌、前列腺癌、肉瘤癌、骨肉瘤癌、骨巨細胞腫瘤及甲狀腺癌。在另一方面係提供式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽與至少一種抗癌劑之組合供用於治療血液癌症,例如急性骨髓性白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病、急性淋巴母細胞白血病、慢性淋巴性白血病、骨髓增生性疾病、多發性骨髓瘤、骨髓增生不良症候群、何杰金氏症、非何杰金氏淋巴瘤,特別是非何杰金氏淋巴瘤,例如瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)和濾泡性淋巴瘤。
圖1係顯示實例1化合物之鹽酸鹽(II型)的X-光粉末繞射圖譜。
圖2係顯示實例1化合物之鹽酸鹽(II型)的拉曼光譜(Raman spectrum)。
圖3係顯示實例1化合物之鹽酸鹽(II型)的示差掃描熱量分析跡線圖。
圖4係顯示實例1化合物之鹽酸鹽(II型)的熱重量分析跡線圖。
圖5係顯示實例10化合物之鹽酸鹽(I型)的X-光粉末繞射圖譜。
圖6係顯示實例10化合物之鹽酸鹽(I型)的拉曼光譜。
圖7係顯示實例10化合物之鹽酸鹽(I型)的示差掃描熱量分析跡線圖。
圖8係顯示實例10化合物之鹽酸鹽(I型)的熱重量分析跡線圖。
本發明係關於如上所定義之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽。
在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中R1為(C1-C4)烷基或(C1-C4)烷氧基。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中R1為(C1-C4)烷基。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中R1為甲基、乙基、正丙基或甲氧基。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中R1為甲基或甲氧基。在一特定的實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中R1為甲基。
在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中R2為(C1-C3)烷基。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中R2為甲基、乙基、正丙基或異丙基。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中R2為甲基或乙基。在一特定的實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中R2為甲基。
在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中R3為(C1-C8)烷基、鹵基(C1-C8)烷基、羥基(C1-C8)烷基、(C1-C4)烷氧基(C1-C8)烷基-、(C3-C5)環烷基或(C6-C10)二環烷基,其中該(C3-C5)環烷基或(C6-C10)二環烷基係各自可選擇地經一或二個獨立地選自鹵素、羥基、(C1-C4)烷氧基、(C1-C4)烷基和鹵基(C1-C4)烷基之基團取代。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中R3為(C1-C6)烷基、鹵基(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C5)環烷基或(C6-C10)二環烷基,其中該(C3-C5)環烷基或(C6-C10)二環烷基係各自可選擇地經一或二個獨立地選自鹵素、羥基、(C1-C4)烷氧基、(C1-C4)烷基和鹵基(C1-C4)烷基之基團取代。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中R3為(C1-C6)烷基、鹵基(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C5)環烷基或(C6-C10)二環烷基,其中該(C3-C5)環烷基或(C6-C10)二環烷基係各自可選擇地經一或二個獨立地選自鹵素和(C1-C4)烷基之基團取代。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中R3為(C1-C6)烷基、鹵基(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C5)環烷基或(C6-C10)二環烷基,其中該(C3-C5)環烷基或(C6-C10)二環烷基係各自可選擇地經氟基或甲基取代。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中R3為(C1-C6)烷基或鹵基(C1-C6)烷基。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中R3為(C1-C4)烷基。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中R3為第三丁基。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中R3為(C3-C5)環烷基或(C6-C10)二環烷基,其各自係可選擇地經一或二個獨立地選自鹵素和(C1-C4)烷基之基團取代。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中R3為(C3-C5)環烷基或(C6-C10)二環烷基,其各自係可選擇地經氟基或甲基取代。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中R3為可選擇地經氟基或甲基取代之
(C3-C5)環烷基。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中R3為可選擇地經甲基取代之(C3-C5)環烷基。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中R3為可選擇地經甲基取代之環丁基。
特定的本發明之化合物係包括:(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;(R)-2-(1-(1-(環丁基甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-2-(1-(1-異丁基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;(R)-2-(1-(1-(環戊基甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-2-(1-(1-(2,2-二甲基丁基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-2-(1-(1-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;(R)-2-(1-(1-(環丙基甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環戊基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;(R)-2-(1-(1-(雙環[2.2.2]辛-1-基甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;及(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環
丙基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;或其醫藥上可接受鹽類。
典型地,但非絕對,本發明之鹽類為醫藥上可接受鹽類。含有鹼性胺或其他鹼性功能基團之所揭示的化合物鹽類可藉由本項技術中已知的任何適合方法來製備,包括以無機酸,例如鹽酸、氫溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等等,或以有機酸,例如乙酸、三氟乙酸、馬來酸、琥珀酸、扁桃酸、延胡索酸、丙二酸、丙酮酸、草酸、甘醇酸、水楊酸、吡喃糖苷酸,例如葡萄醣醛酸或半乳糖醛酸、α-羥酸,例如檸檬酸或酒石酸、胺基酸,例如天門冬胺酸或麩胺酸、芳香酸,例如苯甲酸或肉桂酸、磺酸,例如對甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸等等來處理游離鹼。醫藥上可接受的鹽類之實例包括硫酸鹽、焦硫酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、亞硫酸鹽、亞硫酸氫鹽、磷酸鹽、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、乙酸鹽、丙酸鹽、癸酸鹽、辛酸鹽、丙烯酸鹽、甲酸鹽、異丁酸鹽、已酸鹽、庚酸鹽、丙炔酸鹽、草酸鹽、丙二酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、辛二酸鹽、癸二酸鹽、延胡索酸鹽、馬來酸鹽、丁炔-1,4-二酸鹽、己炔-1,6-二酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、氯苯甲酸鹽、甲基苯甲酸鹽、二硝基苯甲酸鹽、羥基苯甲酸鹽、甲氧基苯甲酸鹽、鄰苯二甲酸鹽、苯乙酸鹽、苯丙酸鹽、苯丁酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、乳酸鹽、γ-羥基丁酸鹽、甘醇酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、扁桃酸鹽及磺酸鹽,例如二甲苯磺酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽、丙磺酸鹽、萘-1-磺酸鹽及萘-2-磺酸鹽。
含有羧酸或其他酸性功能基團之所揭示的化合物鹽類可藉由與適合的鹼反應來製備。此一醫藥上可接受鹽可用一提供醫藥上可接受陽離子之鹼來製造,其包括鹼金屬鹽類(特別是鈉和鉀)、鹼土金屬鹽類(特別是鈣和鎂)、鋁鹽和銨鹽,以及由生理上可接受的有機鹼,例如三甲基胺、三乙基胺、嗎福啉、吡啶、哌啶、甲吡啶、二環己胺、N,N’-二苯甲基乙二胺、2-羥基乙基胺、雙-(2-羥基乙基)胺、三-(2-羥基乙基)胺、普魯卡因(procaine)、二苯甲基哌啶、脫氫樅胺
(dehydroabietylamine)、N,N’-雙脫氫樅胺、葡糖胺、N-甲基葡糖胺、柯林鹼(collidine)、奎寧、喹啉及鹼性胺基酸,例如離胺酸和精胺酸所製造的鹽類。
其他非醫藥上可接受之鹽類,可用於製備本發明化合物且這些鹽類可視為形成本發明之另一態樣。這些鹽類,例如草酸鹽或三氟乙酸鹽,當本身不為醫藥上可接受時,可能可用於製備可用作獲得本發明化合物及其醫藥上可接受鹽類之中間產物。
式(I)化合物可以晶體或非晶體形式存在或為其混合物。熟習技術者應了解,醫藥上可接受鹽類醫藥上可接受的溶劑化物可形成晶體或非晶體化合物。就晶體溶劑化物,溶劑分子係在結晶期間併入晶格中。溶劑化物可包括非水性溶劑,例如(但不限於)乙醇、異丙醇、DMSO、乙酸、乙醇胺或乙酸乙酯,或其可包括水作為併入晶格中的溶劑。其中水為併入晶格之溶劑的溶劑化物,典型地係稱為「水合物」。水合物包括化學計量的水合物以及含有可變水量之組成物。本發明包括所有的此等溶劑化物。
熟習技術者進一步應了解,以晶體形式存在的本發明化合物,包括其各種溶劑化物,可為多形性(亦即以不同晶體結構出現之能力)。這些不同的晶體形式典型地係稱為「同質異晶物(polymorph)」。本發明包括所有的此等同質異晶物。同質異晶物係具有相同的化學組成但堆積、幾何排列和其他固態晶體之描述性質為不同的。同質異晶物因此可具有不同的物理性質,例如形狀、密度、硬度、形變性、穩定性和分解性質。同質異晶物典型地係具有不同的熔點、IR光譜和X-光粉末繞射圖譜,其可用於辨識。熟習技術者應了解,例如,藉由改變或調整用於製造化合物之反應條件或試劑,可製造不同的同質異晶物。例如,改變溫度、壓力或溶劑可產生同質異晶物。此外,在特定條件下,一同質異晶物可自發性轉變為另一同質異晶物。
本發明進一步係關於(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-
酮之鹽酸鹽的晶型。
在某些實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的晶型,當使用Cu Kα放射線測量時,其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜特徵為包括至少9個由下列組成之群中選出的繞射角:約4.5、7.7、8.9、9.5、10.7、12.7、13.4、14.3、14.8、14.9、15.3、15.7、16.3、16.9、17.4、18.3、18.6、19.1、21.9、22.4、23.1、24.0、24.4、25.0、25.6、26.9、27.7、28.8和29.4度2θ。在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽,當使用Cu Kα放射線測量時,其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜特徵為包括至少8個,至少7個或至少6個或至少5個或至少4個由下列組成之群中選出的繞射角:約4.5、7.7、8.9、9.5、10.7、12.7、13.4、14.3、14.8、14.9、15.3、15.7、16.3、16.9、17.4、18.3、18.6、19.1、21.9、22.4、23.1、24.0、24.4、25.0、25.6、26.9、27.7、28.8和29.4度2θ。在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽,當使用Cu Kα放射線測量時,其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜特徵為包括至少3個由下列組成之群中選出的繞射角:約4.5、7.7、8.9、9.5、10.7、12.7、13.4、14.3、14.8、14.9、15.3、15.7、16.3、16.9、17.4、18.3、18.6、19.1、21.9、22.4、23.1、24.0、24.4、25.0、25.6、26.9、27.7、28.8和29.4度2θ。
又在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽,當使用Cu Kα放射線測量時,其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜特徵係包括約8.9、10.7、14.3、14.8、16.9和24.0度2θ之繞射角。又在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基
哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜之特徵實質上係與圖1一致。
在其他的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其拉曼光譜之特徵為包括至少12個波峰,其係在由下列波峰組成之群中選出的位置:在約455、479、505、534、542、565、612、693、758、791、854、995、1047、1114、1148、1209、1241、1279、1315、1390、1438、1473、1551、1628、1655、2735、2917和2953cm-1。在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其拉曼光譜之特徵為包括至少11個波峰或至少10個波峰或至少9個波峰或至少8個波峰或至少7個波峰,其係在由下列波峰組成之群中選出的位置:在約455、479、505、534、542、565、612、693、758、791、854、995、1047、1114、1148、1209、1241、1279、1315、1390、1438、1473、1551、1628、1655、2735、2917和2953cm-1。在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其拉曼光譜之特徵為包括至少6個波峰其係在由下列波峰組成之群中選出的位置:在約455、479、505、534、542、565、612、693、758、791、854、995、1047、1114、1148、1209、1241、1279、1315、1390、1438、1473、1551、1628、1655、2735、2917和2953cm-1。
又在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其拉曼光譜之特徵為包括在約505、534、612、1241、1315、1390、1438、1473、1551、1628、2917和2953cm-1之波峰。又在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶
-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其拉曼光譜之特徵實質上係與圖2一致。
在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其示差掃描熱量分析跡線圖之特徵實質上係與圖3一致及/或其熱重分析跡線圖之特徵實質上係與圖4一致。
又在另外的實施例中,本項技術之一般技術者應了解,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽,其任何分析數據組合之特徵為具有前述實施例所描繪之特徵。例如,在一實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜之特徵實質上係與圖1一致而其拉曼光譜之特徵實質上係與圖2一致,及其示差掃描熱量分析跡線圖之特徵實質上係與圖3一致而熱重分析跡線圖之特徵實質上係與圖4一致。在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜之特徵實質上係與圖1一致而拉曼光譜之特徵實質上係與圖2一致。在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜之特徵實質上係與圖1一致而其示差掃描熱量分析跡線圖之特徵實質上係與圖3一致。在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜之特徵實質上係與圖1一致而其熱重分析圖之特徵實質上係與圖4一致。在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲
基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽,當使用Cu Kα放射線測量時,其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜特徵為包括約8.9、10.7、14.3、14.8、16.9和24.0度2θ之繞射角,及包括在約505、534、612、1241、1315、1390、1438、1473、1551、1628、2917和2953cm-1波峰之拉曼光譜。在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽,當使用Cu Kα放射線測量時,其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜特徵為包括約8.9、10.7、14.3、14.8、16.9和24.0度2θ之繞射角,及示差掃描熱量分析跡線圖之特徵實質上係與圖3一致。在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽,當使用Cu Kα放射線測量時,其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜特徵為包括約8.9、10.7、14.3、14.8、16.9和24.0度2θ之繞射角,及其熱重分析跡線圖之特徵實質上係與圖4一致。
本發明進一步係關於(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的晶型。
在某些實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的晶型,當使用Cu Kα放射線測量時,其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜特徵為包括至少9個由下列組成之群中選出的繞射角:約8.1、10.2、11.2、12.4、12.8、13.8、15.3、15.5、16.0、17.2、18.3、18.8、19.4、19.8、20.6、22.4、23.8、24.4、24.9、25.6、26.4和27.4度2θ。在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽,當使用Cu Kα放射線測量時,其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜特徵係包括至少8個或至少7個或
至少6個或至少5個或至少4個由下列組成之群中選出的繞射角:約8.1、10.2、11.2、12.4、12.8、13.8、15.3、15.5、16.0、17.2、18.3、18.8、19.4、19.8、20.6、22.4、23.8、24.4、24.9、25.6、26.4和27.4度2θ。在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽,當使用Cu Kα放射線測量時,其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜特徵為包括至少3個由下列組成之群中選出的繞射角:約8.1、10.2、11.2、12.4、12.8、13.8、15.3、15.5、16.0、17.2、18.3、18.8、19.4、19.8、20.6、22.4、23.8、24.4、24.9、25.6、26.4和27.4度2θ。
又在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽,當使用Cu Kα放射線測量時,其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜特徵為包括約11.2、13.8、15.5、18.8、19.4和22.4度2θ之繞射角。又在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜之特徵實質上係與圖5一致。
在其他的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其拉曼光譜之特徵為包括至少12個波峰其係在由下列波峰組成之群中選出的位置:約436、480、511、538、550、566、611、683、776、814、852、887、925、986、1050、1140、1169、1227、1252、1277、1313、1338、1373、1391、1428、1462、1482、1553、1620、2865、2922、2955和2973cm-1。在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其拉曼光譜之特徵為包括至少11個波峰或至少10個波峰或至
少9個波峰或至少8個波峰或至少7個波峰,其係在由下列波峰組成之群中選出的位置:約436、480、511、538、550、566、611、683、776、814、852、887、925、986、1050、1140、1169、1227、1252、1277、1313、1338、1373、1391、1428、1462、1482、1553、1620、2865、2922、2955和2973cm-1。在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其拉曼光譜之特徵為包括至少6個波峰其係在由下列波峰組成之群中選出的位置:約436、480、511、538、550、566、611、683、776、814、852、887、925、986、1050、1140、1169、1227、1252、1277、1313、1338、1373、1391、1428、1462、1482、1553、1620、2865、2922、2955和2973cm-1。
又在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其拉曼光譜之特徵為包括在約611、1169、1227、1277、1313、1482、1553、1620、2922和2955cm-1之波峰。又在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其拉曼光譜之特徵實質上係與圖6一致。
在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其示差掃描熱量分析跡線圖之特徵實質上係與圖7一致及/或其熱重分析跡線圖之特徵實質上係與圖8一致。
又在另外的實施例中,本項技術之一般技術者應了解,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽,其任何分析數據組合之特徵為具有前述實施例所描繪之特徵。例如,在一實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基
-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜之特徵實質上係與圖5一致而其拉曼光譜之特徵實質上係與圖6一致,及其示差掃描熱量分析跡線圖之特徵實質上係與圖7一致而其熱重分析跡線圖之特徵實質上係與圖8一致。在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜之特徵實質上係與圖5一致而其拉曼光譜之特徵實質上係與圖6一致。在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜之特徵實質上係與圖5一致而其示差掃描熱量分析跡線圖之特徵實質上係與圖7一致。在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜之特徵實質上係與圖5一致而其熱重分析跡線圖之特徵實質上係與圖8一致。在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽,當使用Cu Kα放射線測量時,其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜特徵係包括約11.2、13.8、15.5、18.8、19.4和22.4度2θ之繞射角,及其拉曼光譜之特徵為包括在約611、1169、1227、1277、1313、1482、1553、1620、2922和2955cm-1之波峰。在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽,當使用Cu Kα放射線測量時,其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜特徵係包括約11.2、13.8、15.5、18.8、19.4和22.4度2θ之繞射角,及其示差掃描熱量分析跡線圖之特徵實質上
係與圖7一致。在另外的實施例中,(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽,當使用Cu Kα放射線測量時,其X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜特徵係包括約11.2、13.8、15.5、18.8、19.4和22.4度2θ之繞射角,及其熱重分析跡線圖之特徵實質上係與圖8一致。
當XRPD圖譜係包括所述數值之±0.3度2θ內的繞射角時,應了解XRPD圖譜係包括文中所指之大約「數值」的繞射角(以2θ度表示)。另外,熟習本項技術者已熟知並了解,涉及獲得X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜所用的裝置、濕度、溫度和粉末晶體之向位以及其他參數可能造成繞射圖譜線條之外觀、強度和位置的變異。實質上與文中所提供的圖1或5一致之X-光粉末繞射圖譜為熟習本項技術者認為可代表與提供圖1或5之XRPD圖譜的化合物具有相同晶型之化合物的XRPD圖譜。亦即,XRPD可能與圖1或5相同,或更可能地其可能有些許差異。此一XRPD圖譜可能不一定會顯示文中所示之任一繞射圖譜的各線條,及/或可能在外觀上顯示些微變化,或在涉及取得數據的條件差異下造成該線條之位置移動。藉由比較其XRPD圖譜,熟習本項技術者能決定一晶體化合物之樣本與所揭示的形式是否具有相同的形式或不同的形式。例如,熟習本項技術者可將(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽樣本的圖譜與圖1重疊,並使用本項技術之專業和知識,容易地決定該樣本的XRPD圖譜是否實質上與文中所揭示的(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽(II型)之XRPD圖譜一致。若XRPD圖譜實質上係與圖1一致,則該樣本形式可容易及正確地鑑定為與文中所揭示的(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽(II型)具有相同的形式。同樣地,若(R)-5-((4,6-
二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽樣本之XRPD圖譜實質上係與圖5一致,則該樣本形式可容易及正確地鑑定為與文中所揭示的(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽(I型)具有相同的形式。
當拉曼光譜係包括所述數值之±5.0cm-1以內的波峰時,應了解此拉曼光譜應包括一大約的文中所指「數值」之波峰。另外,熟習本項技術者已熟知並了解,所用的裝置、濕度、溫度和粉末晶體之向位以及其他涉及獲得拉曼光譜之參數可能造成光譜中波峰的外觀、強度和位置的變異。實質上與文中所提供的圖2或6一致之拉曼光譜為熟習本項技術者認為可代表與提供圖2或6拉曼光譜之化合物具有相同晶型之化合物的拉曼光譜。亦即,拉曼光普可能與圖2或6相同,或更可能地其可能有些許差異。此一拉曼光譜可能不一定會顯示文中所示之任一光譜的各波峰,及/或可能在外觀、強度上顯示些微變化,或在涉及取得數據的條件差異下造成該波峰之位置移動。藉由比較其拉曼光譜,熟習本項技術者能決定一晶體化合物之樣本與文中所揭示的形式是否具有相同的形式或不同的形式。例如,熟習本項技術者可將(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽樣本的拉曼光譜與圖2重疊,並使用本項技術之專業和知識,容易地決定該樣本的拉曼光譜是否實質上與文中所揭示的(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽(II型)之拉曼光譜一致。同樣地,若樣本之拉曼光譜實質上係與圖6一致,則該樣本形式可容易及正確地鑑定為與文中所揭示的(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]
氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽(I型)具有相同的形式。
式(I)化合物或其鹽可以立體異構物形式存在(例如,含有一或多個不對稱碳原子)。個別的立體異構物(鏡像異構物和非對映異構物)以及這些異構物之混合物係包括在本發明之範圍內。同樣,請了解,式(I)化合物或其鹽可以化學式中所顯示以外的互變異構形式存在,且這些形式亦包括在本發明之範圍內。應了解,本發明係包括所有上文所定義之特定基群的組合和子集。本發明之範圍包括立體異構物之混合物以及純化的鏡像異構物或鏡像異構上/非對映異構上富含的混合物。應了解,本發係包括上文所定義之特定基群的組合和子集。
本發明亦包括同位素標定的化合物,其係與該等式(I)及隨附所描述之化合物相同,但實際上一或多個原子係被具有與通常在自然界中所發現的原子量或質量數不同的原子量或質量數之原子取代。可併入本發明化合物及其醫藥上可接受鹽類之同位素的實例包括氫、碳、氮、氧、磷、硫、氟、氯和碘之同位素,例如2H、3H、11C、13C、14C、15N、17O、18O、31P、32P、35S、18F、36Cl、123I和125I。
含有前述同位素及/或其他原子同位素之本發明化合物及該化合物的醫藥上可接受鹽類係在本發明之範圍內。同位素標定的本發明化合物,例如該等併入放射活性同位素如3H、14C之化合物,可用於藥物及/或基質組織分布分析中。氚亦即3H,以及碳-14亦即14C同位素,因其製備容易和容易偵測為特佳的。11C和18F同位素特別可用於PET(正子發射斷層攝影術),而125I同位素特別可用於SPECT(單光子電腦斷層攝影術),全部可用於腦部造影。另外,以較重的同位素例如氘,亦即2H取代,可因較佳的代謝穩定性提供特定的治療利益,例如增加活體內半衰期或降低劑量需求,且因此在某些情況下為較佳的。同位素標定的本發明式(I)化合物及隨附物一般可藉由進行下列流程及/或實例中所揭示的製程,以一容易取得的同位素標定試劑取代非同位素標定的試劑來加以製備。
本發明進一步係提供包括式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽及一或多種賦形劑(在醫藥技術中亦稱為載劑及/或稀釋劑)之醫藥組成物。就與調配物的其他成
份為相容的且對其接受者(亦即病患)並非有害的意義上而言,賦形劑為可接受。
適合的醫藥上可接受賦形劑將依照所選的特定劑型而變。此外,適合的醫藥上可接受賦形劑可就其在組合物中可能提供的特定功能做選擇。例如,特定的醫藥上可接受賦形劑可就其幫助產生均勻的劑型之能力做選擇。特定的醫藥上可接受賦形劑可就其幫助產生穩定的劑型之能力做選擇。特定的醫藥上可接受賦形劑可在一旦投予病患後就其幫助將本發明化合物從一器官或身體部分攜帶或運送至另一器官或身體部分之能力做選擇。特定的醫藥上可接受賦形劑可就其增進病患遵從性之能力做選擇。
適合的醫藥上可接受賦形劑包括下列之賦形劑類型:稀釋劑、填充劑、結著劑、崩解劑、潤滑劑、助流劑、成粒劑、塗膜劑、濕潤劑、溶劑、共溶劑、懸浮劑、乳化劑、甜味劑、調味劑、風味遮蔽劑、調色劑、抗結塊劑、保濕劑、螯合劑、塑化劑、增黏劑、抗氧化劑、防腐劑、安定劑、界面活性劑及緩衝劑。熟習技術者應了解,特定的醫藥上可接受賦形劑可提供一種以上的功能,且依照賦形劑存在調配物中的多寡及存在調配物中的其他成份可提供替代的功能。
熟習技術者具有本項技術之知識和技術使其能選擇適量的適合醫藥上可接受賦形劑供用於本發明中。此外,熟習技術者有許多可取得之描述醫藥上可接受賦形劑及可用於選擇適合之醫藥上可接受賦形劑的資源。實例包括Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences(Mack Publishing Company)、The Handbook of Pharmaceutical Additives(Gower Publishing Limited)及The Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients(the American Pharmaceutical Association and the Pharmaceutical Press)。
本發明之醫藥組成物係使用熟習本項技術者已知的技術和方法所製備。某些常用於本項技術之方法係描述於Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences(Mack Publishing Company)中。
醫藥組成物可為每單位劑量含有預定量活性成份之單位劑型。此一單位可
含有一治療上有效劑量的式(I)化合物或其鹽,或一治療上有效劑量之分量使得在一特定的時間內可投予多個單位劑量而達到所欲的治療上有效劑量。較佳的單位劑量調配物為該等,如上文中所述含有一天劑量或亞劑量,或其適合分量之活性成份的調配物。再者,此等醫藥組成物可藉由任何藥學技術中熟知的方法來製備。
醫藥組成物可經調整而適用於以任何適當的路徑來給藥,例如,以口服(包括頰內或舌下)、直腸、鼻內、局部(包括頰內、舌下或經皮)、陰道內或非經腸(包括皮下、肌肉內、靜脈內或真皮內)路徑。此等組成物可藉由任何本項技術中已知的方法來製備,例如藉由將活性成份與賦形劑結合。
當經調整適用於口服給藥時,醫藥組成物可為離散單位如錠劑或膠囊;散劑或顆粒;溶於水性或非水性液體之溶液或懸浮液;可食用泡沫劑或霜泡;水包油液體乳劑或油包水乳劑。本發明之化合物或其鹽或本發明之醫藥組成物亦可併入至糖果、薄餅及/或舌片調配物中作為「速溶」藥物給藥。
例如,就錠劑或膠囊形式之給藥,活性藥物組份可與一口服、無毒的醫藥上可接受惰性載劑,例如乙醇、甘油、水等等組合。散劑或顆粒係藉由將化合物研碎成適合的細粒大小並與同樣研碎的醫藥載劑例如可食用碳水化合物,如,例如澱粉或甘露糖混合所製備。亦可存有調味劑、防腐劑、分散劑和調色劑。
膠囊可藉由製備一如上述之粉末混合物,並填入成形的明膠或非明膠殼鞘中來製造。在填充操作之前,可將助流劑和潤滑劑,例如膠態矽氧、滑石、硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸鈣、固態聚乙二醇加入此粉末混合物中。當攝入膠囊時,亦可加入崩解劑或增溶劑,例如瓊脂、碳酸鈣或碳酸鈉用以增進藥物的可利用性。
再者,當希望或需要時,亦可將適合的結著劑、潤滑劑、崩解劑和調色劑併入混合物中。適合的結著劑包括澱粉、明膠、天然糖類,例如葡萄糖、β-乳糖、玉米甜味劑、天然和合成膠例如阿拉伯膠、黃蓍膠、海藻酸鈉、羧甲基纖維素、聚乙二醇、蠟等等。用於這些劑型之潤滑劑包括油酸鈉、硬脂酸鈉、硬脂酸鎂、
苯甲酸鈉、氯化鈉等等。崩解劑包括,不限於,澱粉、甲基纖維素、瓊脂、膨潤土、三仙膠等等。
錠劑,例如,係藉由製備一粉末混合物,造粒或擊打,加入潤滑劑和崩解劑,以及壓製成錠加以調配。粉末混合物係藉由將適當研碎的化合物與稀釋劑或如上述之基底混合,及可選擇地與結著劑例如羧甲基纖維素和海藻酸鹽、明膠或聚乙烯吡咯酮,一溶液阻隔劑例如石蠟,回吸加速劑例如四級鹽,及/或吸收劑例如膨潤土、高嶺土或磷酸二鈣混合所製備。粉末混合物可藉由以結著劑,例如糖漿、澱粉糊、阿拉伯膠漿,或纖維素溶液或聚合物質濕化,及施壓通過篩網來造粒。另一種造粒之替代選擇,可將粉末混合物通過打錠機及生成為破碎成顆粒的不完全成形片塊。顆粒可經潤滑,藉由加入硬脂酸、硬脂酸鹽、滑石或礦物油,防止黏附在成錠模具上。然後將經潤滑的混合物壓製成錠。本發明之化合物或其鹽亦可與散粒的惰性載劑混合及然後在無經過成粒或擊打步驟下直接壓製成錠。亦可提供由蟲膠隔離膜衣、糖衣或聚合物質以及拋光蠟膜所組成的純不透明保護膜衣。亦可將染劑加到這些膜衣中用以區別不同的劑量。
口服液,例如溶液、糖漿和酏劑可製備成單位劑型,使得所給予的量含有一預定量的活性成份。糖漿可藉由將本發明化合物或其鹽溶於適當調味過的水性溶液中來製備,而酏劑係經由使用無毒的醇類媒劑所製備。懸浮液可藉由將本發明化合物或其鹽分散於無毒媒劑中加以調配。亦可加入安定劑和乳化劑,例如乙氧基化異硬脂醇和聚氧乙烯山梨醇醚,防腐劑、風味添加劑例如椒薄荷油、天然甜味劑、糖精或其他人工甜味劑等等。
當適當時,口服給藥之單位劑型調配物可經微膠囊化。此調配物亦可製備成延長或持續釋放,例如藉由塗膜或包覆特定聚合物質、蠟等等。
在本發明中,就遞送醫藥組成物而言,錠劑和膠囊為較佳的。
依照本發明另一方面,係提供一製備包括混合式(I)化合物或其鹽與至少一賦形劑之醫藥組成物的方法。
本發明亦提供於哺乳動物,特別是人類中治療之方法。本發明化合物及組成物可用於治療細胞增生性疾病。可藉由文中所提的方法和組成物治療之疾病包括(但不限於)癌症(進一步討論於下)、自體免疫疾病、真菌病症、鼻炎、移植排斥、發炎性腸疾病、醫療過程包括(但不限於)手術、血管成形術後引發的增生。請了解,在某些情況下細胞可能不會處於低度或過度增生狀態(異常狀態)但仍需要治療。例如,在傷口癒合期間,細胞可能「正常」增生,但增進增生可能為所欲的。因此,在一實施例中,本發明文中係包括施用於遭受或迫近遭受任一這些疾病或症狀折磨之細胞或個體。
文中所提供的組成物和方法對於治療癌症,包括腫瘤,例如前列腺癌、乳癌、腦癌、皮膚癌、子宮頸癌、睪丸癌等特別有用。其在治療轉移或惡性腫瘤上特別有用。更特言之,可藉由本發明之組合物和方法治療的癌症包括(但不限於)腫瘤類型例如星狀細胞癌、乳癌、子宮頸癌、大腸直腸癌、子宮內膜癌、食道癌、胃癌、頭和頸癌、肝細胞癌、喉頭癌、肺癌、口腔癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌和甲狀腺癌及肉瘤。更特言之,這些化合物可用於治療:心臟:肉瘤(血管肉瘤、纖維肉瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤)、黏液瘤、橫紋肌瘤、纖維瘤、脂肪瘤和畸胎瘤;肺:支氣管癌(鱗狀細胞、未分化小細胞、未分化大細胞和腺癌)、肺泡(小支氣管)癌、支氣管腺癌、肉瘤、淋巴瘤、軟骨瘤性錯構瘤、間皮瘤;胃腸:食管(鱗狀細胞癌、腺癌、平滑肌肉瘤、淋巴瘤)、胃(癌、淋巴瘤、平滑肌肉瘤)、胰臟(導管腺癌、胰島瘤、升糖素瘤、胃泌素瘤、類癌瘤、VIP瘤)、小腸(腺癌、淋巴瘤、類癌瘤、卡波西氏肉瘤、平滑肌瘤、血管瘤、脂肪瘤、神經纖維瘤、纖維瘤)、大腸(腺癌、管腺瘤、絨毛腺瘤、錯構瘤、平滑肌瘤);生殖泌尿道:腎(腺癌、威爾姆氏腫瘤(腎母細胞瘤)、淋巴瘤、白血病)、膀胱和尿道(鱗狀細胞癌、移行細胞癌、腺癌)、前列腺(腺癌、肉瘤)、睪丸(精原細胞瘤、畸胎瘤、胚瘤、畸胎癌、絨毛膜癌、肉瘤、間質細胞癌、纖維瘤、纖維腺瘤、類腺瘤、脂肪瘤);肝:肝腫瘤(肝細胞癌)、膽管癌、肝母細胞瘤、血管肉瘤、肝細胞腺瘤、
肝血管瘤;膽道:膽囊癌、壺腹癌、膽管癌;骨:成骨肉瘤(骨肉瘤)、纖維肉瘤、惡性纖維組織細胞瘤、軟骨肉瘤、尤文氏肉瘤、惡性淋巴瘤(網狀細胞瘤)、多發性骨髓瘤、惡性巨細胞腫瘤脊索癌、骨軟骨瘤(骨軟骨外生性骨疣)、良性軟骨瘤、軟骨母細胞瘤、軟骨黏液性纖維瘤、骨樣骨瘤和巨細胞腫瘤;神經系統:頭骨(骨瘤、血管瘤、肉芽瘤、黃色瘤、畸形性骨炎)、腦膜(腦膜瘤、腦膜肉瘤(meningiosarcoma)、膠質瘤)、腦(星形細胞瘤、髓母細胞瘤、膠質瘤、室管膜瘤、胚胎細胞瘤(松果體瘤)、多形性膠質母細胞瘤、寡樹突膠質細胞瘤、許旺氏細胞瘤(schwannoma)、視網膜母細胞瘤、先天性腫瘤)、脊髓神經纖維瘤、腦膜瘤、膠質瘤、肉瘤);婦科:子宮(內膜癌)、子宮頸(子宮頸癌、腫瘤前子宮頸發育不良)、卵巢(卵巢癌(漿液性囊腺癌、黏液性囊腺瘤、未分類癌)、粒層細胞及鞘細胞瘤、史脫立-雷迪格細胞(Sertoli-Leydig cell)腫瘤、無性胚胎瘤、惡性畸胎瘤)、外陰(鱗狀細胞癌、上皮內癌、腺癌、纖維肉瘤、黑色素瘤)、陰道(透明細胞癌、鱗狀細胞癌、葡萄形肉瘤(胚胎橫紋肌肉瘤)、輸卵管(癌);血液學上:血液(骨髓性白血病(急性和慢性)、急性淋巴母細胞白血病、慢性淋巴細胞白血病、骨髓增生性疾病、多發性骨髓瘤、骨髓化生不良症候群)、何杰金氏症、非何杰金氏淋巴瘤(惡性淋巴瘤、瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)、濾泡性淋巴瘤);皮膚:惡性黑色素瘤、基底細胞癌、鱗狀細胞癌、卡波西氏肉瘤、發育異常痣(moles dysplastic nevi)、脂肪瘤、血管瘤、真皮纖維瘤、瘢痕瘤、乾癬;和腎上腺:神經母細胞瘤。因此,術語「癌細胞」如文中所提供,係包括受任一上述已確認症狀所苦或與其相關之細胞。
本發明之化合物和組成物亦可用於治療或治癒人類免疫缺乏病毒(HIV)感染。在一實施例中,係提供一治療HIV感染之方法,其包括投予患有HIV病患一治療上有效量之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽。在另外的實施例中,係提供一治癒HIV感染之方法,其包括投予患有HIV病患一治療上有效量之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽。在另外的實施例中,係提供式(I)化合物或其醫藥上
可接受鹽或溶劑化物於製造醫藥品供用於治療HIV感染之用途。在另外的實施例中,係提供式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽或溶劑化物於製造醫藥品供用於治癒HIV感染之用途。在另外的實施例中,係提供式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽供用於治療HIV感染。在另外的實施例中,係提供式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽供用於治癒HIV感染。
本發明化合物可與其他的治療劑,特別是可增進化合物活性或配置時間之試劑組合或共投予。根據本發明組合治療係包括投予至少一種本發明化合物及使用至少一種其他治療法。在一實施例中,根據本發明組合治療係包括投予至少一種本發明化合物以及手術治療。在一實施例中,根據本發明組合治療係包括投予至少一種本發明化合物以及放射治療。在一實施例中,根據本發明組合治療係包括投予至少一種本發明化合物及至少一種支持性照護劑(例如,至少一種止吐劑)。在一實施例中,根據本發明組合治療係包括投予至少一種本發明化合物及至少一種其他的化療劑。在一特別的實施例中,本發明係包括投予至少一種本發明化合物及至少一種抗癌劑。又在另外的實施例中,本發明係包括一療法,其中文中所揭示的EZH2抑制劑其本身並非為有效的或顯著有效的,但當與另一種治療組合時(當作為單獨治療時其可能為有效的或可能並非有效的),此種組合係提供有用的治療結果。
術語「共投予」及其衍生詞語,如文中所用係指同時投予或任何方式之分開先後投予如文中所述之EZH2抑制化合物以及已知可用於治療癌症之另外的一或多種活性成份,包括化療和放射線治療。術語另外的一或多種活性成份,如文中所用,係包括當投予需要癌症治療之病患時,已知或展現有利性質之任何化合物或治療劑。較佳地,若並非同時投予,則化合物係以彼此十分接近的時間給藥。再者,化合物是否以相同的劑型給藥並無差別,例如一化合物可以局部給藥而另一種化合物可以口服給藥。
典型地,任何對所治療之受影響腫瘤具有活性的抗癌劑可於本發明之癌症
治療中共投予。此等試劑之實例可參見Cancer Principles and Practice of Oncology by V.T.Devita,T.S.Lawrence,以及S.A.Rosenberg(editors),10th edition(December 5,2014),Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers。以藥物的特定特徵及所涉及的癌症為基礎,本項技術之一般技術者應能分辨哪種藥劑組合應為有用的。可用於本發明之典型的抗癌劑包括(但不限於)抗微管劑或抗有絲分裂劑;鉑配位錯合物;烷化劑;抗生素;拓樸異構酶I抑制劑;拓樸異構酶II抑制劑;抗代謝物質;荷爾蒙和荷爾蒙類似物;訊號傳導路徑抑制劑非受體酪胺酸激酶血管新生抑制劑;免疫治療劑;促細胞凋亡劑;細胞週期訊號傳遞抑制劑;蛋白酶體抑制劑;熱休克蛋白抑制劑;癌代謝之抑制劑;及癌基因治療劑。
用於與本發明EZH2抑制化合物組合或共投予之另外的活性成份為抗癌劑。抗癌劑之實例包括(但不限於)化療劑;免疫調節劑;免疫調節物;及免疫刺激佐劑。
抗微管劑或抗有絲分裂劑為在細胞週期的M期或有絲分裂期期間有效對抗腫瘤細胞微管之週期特異性藥劑。抗微管劑之實例包括(但不限於)二萜生物鹼和長春花生物鹼。
鉑配位錯合物為非週期特異性抗癌劑,其係與DNA交互作用。鉑錯合物進入腫瘤細胞,歷經水合作用並與DNA形成股內或股間交鏈,導致對腫瘤有害的生物效應。鉑配位錯合物之實例包括(但不限於)順鉑(cisplatin)和卡鉑(carboplatin)。
烷化劑為非周期特異性抗癌劑及強力親電子劑。典型地,烷化劑係藉由烷化作用,經由DNA分子的親電子基團,例如磷酸根、胺基、硫氫基、羥基、羧基和咪唑基團,與DNA形成共價鍵連。此烷化作用係破壞核酸功能導致細胞死亡。烷劑之實例包括(但不限於)氮芥,例如環磷醯胺、美法侖(melphalan)和苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil);烷基磺酸鹽,例如白消安(busulfan);亞硝基尿素,例如卡氮芥(carmustine);及三氮烯類,例如達卡巴仁(dacarbazine)。
抗生素抗癌劑為與DNA結合或插入DNA之非周期特異性藥劑。此作用係破壞核酸的正常功能,造成細胞死亡。抗生素抗癌劑之實例包括(但不限於)放射線菌(actinomycin),例如放線菌素(dactinomycin);蒽環類(anthrocyclin),例如道諾黴素(daunorubicin)和阿黴素(doxorubicin);以及博來黴素(bleomycins)。
拓樸異構酶I抑制劑包括(但不限於)喜樹鹼(camptothecin)。喜樹鹼之細胞毒性活性咸信係與其拓樸異構酶I抑制活性有關。
拓樸異構酶II抑制劑包括(但不限於)表鬼臼毒素(epipodophyllotoxin)。表鬼臼毒素為衍生自曼德拉草(mandrake)之周期特異性抗癌劑。表鬼臼毒素典型地係在細胞週期的S和G2期藉由與拓樸異構酶II和DNA形成三級複合物造成DNA股破裂而對細胞發生作用。股破裂累積及接著細胞死亡。表鬼臼毒素之實例包括(但不限於)依托泊苷(etoposide)和替尼泊苷(teniposide)。
抗代謝物質抗癌劑為作用在細胞周期之S期(DNA合成),藉由抑制DNA合成或藉由抑制嘌呤或嘧啶鹼基合成並藉此限制DNA合成之周期的特異性抗癌劑。因此,S期不會進行及接著細胞死亡。抗代謝物質抗癌劑之實例包括(但不限於)氟尿嘧啶(fluorouracil)、甲胺蝶呤(methotrexate)、阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)、巰嘌呤(mercaptopurine)、硫鳥嘌呤(thioguanine)及吉西他濱(gemcitabine)。
荷爾蒙和荷爾蒙類似物為治療癌症之有用化合物,其中荷爾蒙和癌之生長及/或缺乏生長之間有相關性。可用於癌症治療之荷爾蒙和荷爾蒙類似物的實例包括(但不限於)腎上腺皮質類固醇,例如地塞米松(dexamethasone)、強體松(prednisone)及強體松龍(prednisolone);胺麩精(aminoglutethimide)和其他芳香酶抑制劑,例如阿那曲唑(anastrozole)、來曲唑(letrazole)、伏氯唑(vorazole)和依西美坦(exemestane);黃體素(progestrin),例如醋酸甲地孕酮(megestrol acetate);雌激素、雄激素及抗雄激素,例如氟他胺(flutamide)、尼魯他胺(nilutamide)、比卡他胺(bicalutamide)、醋酸環丙孕酮(cyproterone acetate)及5α-還原酶,例如菲那雄胺(finasteride)和度他雄胺(dutasteride);抗雌激素,例如他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)、
托瑞米芬(toremifene)、雷洛昔芬(raloxifene)、屈洛昔芬(droloxifene)、碘昔芬(iodoxyfene),以及選擇性雌激素受體調節劑(SERMS);和促性腺激素釋放素(GnRH)及其類似物,其係刺激黃體成長激素(LH)及/或促濾泡素(FSH)釋放,LHRH促效劑和拮抗劑,例如醋酸戈舍瑞林(goserelin acetate)和亮丙瑞林(leuprolide)。
訊號傳導路徑抑制劑為該等阻斷或抑制引起胞內變化之化學過程的抑制劑。如文中所用,這些變化為細胞增生或分化。可用於本發明之訊號傳導路徑抑制劑包括(但不限於)受體酪胺酸激酶、非受體酪胺酸激酶、SH2/SH3區阻斷劑、絲胺酸/蘇胺酸激酶、磷脂醯肌醇-3激酶、肌-肌醇訊號傳遞和Ras致癌基因之抑制劑。
數種蛋白質酪胺酸激酶係催化涉及細胞生長調節之各種蛋白中的特定酪胺醯基殘基之磷酸化。此等蛋白質酪胺酸激酶可廣義地分類為受體或非受體激酶。
受體酪胺酸激酶為具有一胞外配體結合區、一跨膜區及一酪胺酸激酶區之跨膜蛋白。受體酪胺酸激酶係涉及細胞生長之調節且一般係稱為生長因子受體。許多這些激酶之不適當或不受控制的活化,亦即異常的激酶生長因子受體活性,例如藉由過度表現或突變,已顯示造成了細胞生長失控。因此,此等激酶之異常活性已與惡性組織生長相關聯。因此,此等激酶之抑制劑可提供癌症治療方法。生長因子受體包括,例如表皮生長因子受體(EGFr)、血小板衍生生長因子受體(PDGFr)、erbB2、erbB4、血管內皮生長因子受體(VEGFR)、帶有類免疫球蛋白和表皮生長因子同源區(TIE-2)之酪胺酸激酶、胰島素生長因子-I(IGFI)受體、巨噬細胞群落刺激因子Cfms)、BTK、ckit、cmet、纖維母細胞生長因子(FGF)受體、Trk受體(TrkA、TrkB和TrkC)、ephrin(eph)受體及RET原致癌基因。已有數種生長受體之抑制劑正在開發中並包括配體拮抗劑、抗體、酪胺酸激酶抑制劑和反義寡核苷酸。生長因子受體及抑制生長因子受體功能之試劑係描述於,
例如Kath J.C.,Exp.Opin.Ther.Patents,10(6):803-818(2000);Shawver L.K.,et al.,Drug Discov.Today,2(2):50-63(1997);and Lofts,F.J.and Gullick W.J.,“Growth factor receptors as targets.”in New Molecular Targets for Cancer Chemotherapy,Kerr D.J.and Workman P.(editors),(June 27,1994),CRC Press中。生長因子受體抑制劑之非限定實例包括帕唑帕尼(pazopanib)和索拉非尼(sorafenib)。
非生長因子受體激酶之酪胺酸激酶係稱為非受體酪胺酸激酶。可用於本發明之非受體酪胺酸激酶,其為抗癌藥之標靶或潛在標靶,係包括cSrc、Lck、Fyn、Yes、Jak、cAbl、FAK(焦點附著激酶)、布魯頓酪胺酸激酶(Brutons tyrosine kinase)及Bcr-Abl。此等抑制非受體酪胺酸激酶功能之非受體激酶和試劑係描述於Sinha S.and Corey S.J.,J.Hematother.Stem Cell Res.,8(5):465-480(2004)和Bolen,J.B.,Brugge,J.S.,Annu.Rev.Immunol.,15:371-404(1997)中。
SH2/SH3區阻斷劑為在各種酵素或轉接子(adaptor)蛋白,包括PI3-K p85亞單位、Src家族激酶、轉接子分子(Shc、Crk、Nck、Grb2)和Ras-GAP中破壞SH2或SH3區結合之試劑。以SH2/SH3區作為抗癌劑之標靶係論述於Smithgall T.E.,J.Pharmacol.Toxicol.Methods,34(3):125-32(1995)中。
絲胺酸/蘇胺酸激酶之抑制劑包括(但不限於)MAP激酶級聯阻斷劑,其包括Raf激酶(rafk)、有絲分裂促進劑或胞外調節激酶(MEK),以及胞外調激酶(ERK)之阻斷劑;蛋白質激酶C家族成員阻斷劑,包括PKC之阻斷劑(α、β、γ、ε、μ、λ、ι、ζ);IkB激酶(IKKa,IKKb);PKB家族激酶;AKT激酶家族成員;TGFβ受體激酶;及哺乳動物雷帕黴素標靶蛋白(mammaliam target of rapamycin)(mTOR)抑制劑,包括(但不限於)雷帕黴素(FK506)和雷帕黴素類似物(rapalog)、RAD001或依維莫司(everolimus)(AFINITOR®)、CCI-779或坦西莫司(temsirolimus)、AP23573、AZD8055、WYE-354、WYE-600、WYE-687和Pp121。絲胺酸/蘇胺酸激酶抑制劑之實例包括(但不限於)曲美替尼(trametinib)、達拉非尼(dabrafenib)和Akt抑制劑afuresertib及N-{(1S)-2-胺基-1-[(3,4-二氟苯基)甲基]乙基}-5-氯
-4-(4-氯-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-2-呋喃甲醯胺。
磷脂醯肌醇-3激酶家族成員之抑制劑包括PI3-激酶、ATM、DNA-PK和Ku之阻斷劑,亦可用於本發明中。此等激酶係論述於Abraham R.T.,Curr.Opin.Immunol.,8(3):412-418(1996);Canman C.E.,and Lim D.S.,Oncogene,17(25):3301-3308(1998);Jackson S.P.,Int.J.Biochem.Cell Biol.,29(7):935-938(1997);和Zhong H.,et al.,Cancer Res.,60(6):1541-1545(2000)中。
亦可用於本發明中的有肌肉-肌醇訊號傳遞抑制劑,例如磷脂酶C阻斷劑及肌肉-肌醇類似物。此等訊號阻斷劑係描述於Powis G.,and Kozikowski A.,“Inhibitors of Myo-Inositol Signaling.”in New Molecular Targets for Cancer Chemotherapy,Kerr D.J.and Workman P.(editors),(June 27,1994),CRC Press中。
另外的訊號傳導路徑抑制劑之群族為Ras致癌基因之抑制劑。此等抑制劑包括法尼基轉移酶(farnesyltransferase)、香葉草基-香葉草基轉移酶(geranyl-geranyl transferase)和CAAX蛋白酶之抑制劑,以及反義寡核苷酸、核酶和其他免疫治療。此等抑制劑已在含有野生型突變ras之細胞中顯示阻斷ras活化,藉此用作為抗增生劑。Ras致癌基因抑制作用係論述於Scharovsky O.G.,et al.,J.Biomed.Sci.,7(4):292-298(2000);Ashby M.N.,Curr.Opin.Lipidol.,9(2):99-102(1998);及Bennett C.F.and Cowsert L.M.,Biochim.Biophys.Acta.,1489(1):19-30(1999)中。
受體激酶配體結合之拮抗劑亦可作為訊號傳導抑制劑。此等訊號傳導路徑抑制劑之群族包括使用人源化抗體或其他受體酪胺酸激酶之胞外配體結合區的拮抗劑。抗體或其他受體激酶配體結合之拮抗劑的實例包括(但不限於)西妥昔單抗(cetuximab)(ERBITUX®)、曲妥珠單抗(trastuzumab)(HERCEPTIN®);曲妥珠單抗艾美坦辛(trastuzumab emtansine)(KADCYLA®);帕妥珠單抗(pertuzumab)(PERJETA®);ErbB抑制劑,包括拉帕替尼(lapatinib)、厄洛替尼
(erlotinib)和吉非替尼(gefitinib);及2C3 VEGFR2特異性抗體(參見Brekken R.A.,et al.,Cancer Res.,60(18):5117-5124(2000))。
非受體激酶血管新生抑制劑亦發現可用於本發明中。VEGFR和TIE2相關的血管新生之抑制劑係論述於上文有關訊號傳導液製劑中(二種受體為受體酪胺酸激酶)。血管新生一般而言係與erbB2/EGFR訊號傳遞相關聯,因為erbB2和EGFR之抑制劑已顯示抑制血管新生作用,主要地VEGF表現。因此,非受體酪胺酸激酶抑制劑可與本發明之EGFR/erbB2抑制劑組合使用。例如,抗-VEGF抗體,其無法辨識VEGFR(受體酪胺酸激酶),但可與配體結合;整合素(αvβ3)之小分子抑制劑將可抑制血管新生;內皮抑素(endostatin)和血管抑素(angiostatin)(非-RTK)亦證明可用於與所揭示的化合物組合。(參見Bruns C.J.,et al.,Cancer Res.,60(11):2926-2935(2000);Schreiber A.B.,et al.,Science,232(4755):1250-1253(1986);Yen L.,et al.,Oncogene,19(31):3460-3469(2000))。
用於免疫治療療法之試劑亦可用於與式(I)化合物組合。有許多產生對抗erbB2或EGFR之免疫反應的免疫策略。這些策略一般係在腫瘤疫苗接種之領域中。免疫學方法的效用可經由結合抑制erbB2/EGFR訊號傳遞路徑,使用小分子抑制劑而大大提升。對抗erbB2/EGFR之免疫學/腫瘤疫苗法的論述請參見Reilly R.T.,et al.,Cancer Res.,60(13):3569-3576(2000);及Chen Y.,et al.,Cancer Res.,58(9):1965-1971(1998)。
用於促細胞凋亡療法之試劑(例如Bcl-2反義寡核苷酸)亦可與本發明組合使用。蛋白質Bcl-2家族之成員阻斷細胞凋亡。上調Bcl-2因此係與化學抵抗力相關。研究已顯示,表皮生長因子(EGF)刺激了抗-細胞凋亡之Bcl-2家族成員(亦即Mcl-1)。因此,設計了用來下調腫瘤中Bcl-2表現之策略而證明在臨床上為有利的。此等使用針對Bcl-2之反義寡核苷酸策略的促細胞凋亡策略係論述於Waters J.S.,et al.,J.Clin.Oncol.,18(9):1812-1823(2000);and Kitada S.,et al.,
Antisense Res.Dev.,4(2):71-79(1994)中。小分子Bcl-2抑制劑之實例包括(但不限於)維奈托克(venetoclax)。
細胞週期訊號傳遞抑制劑係抑制涉及控制細胞週期之分子。稱為周期素依賴性激酶(CDK)之蛋白質激酶家族及其與稱為周期素之蛋白質家族的相互作用係控制整個原核細胞週期之進行。不同週期素/CDK複合物之協調性活化和失活對正常細胞週期進行為必須的。有數種細胞週期訊號傳遞抑制劑正在開發中。例如週期素依賴性激酶,包括CDK2、CDK4和CDK6之實例及彼等之抑制劑係描述於,例如Rosania G.R.,和Chang Y.T.,Exp.Opin.Ther.Patents,10(2):215-230(2000)中。另外,p21WAF1/CIP1作為強力和通用的週期素依賴性激酶(Cdk)之抑制劑已有描述(Ball K.L.,Prog.Cell Cycle Res.,3:125-134(1997))。已知引發p21WAF1/CIP1表現之化合物係與抑制細胞增生有關且具有腫瘤抑制活性(Richon V.M.,et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,97(18):10014-10019(2000)),並包括作為細胞週期訊號傳遞抑制劑。組蛋白去乙醯酶(HDAC)抑制劑係與p21WAF1/CIP1之轉錄活化有關(Vigushin D.M.,and Coombes R.C.,Anticancer Drugs,13(1):1-13(2002)),且為文中組合使用之適合的細胞週期訊號傳遞抑制劑。此等HDAC抑制劑之實例包括(但不限於)伏立諾他(vorinostat)、羅米地辛(romidepsin)、帕比司他(panobinostat)、丙戊酸(valproic acid)和莫西司他(mocetinostat)。
蛋白酶體抑制劑為阻斷蛋白酶體作用之藥物,破壞蛋白,如p53蛋白之細胞複合物。數種蛋白酶體抑制劑市面上已有銷售或正在進行癌症治療之研究。文中供組合使用之適合的蛋白酶體抑制劑包括(但不限於)硼替佐米(bortezomib)、二硫龍(disulfiram)、表沒食子兒茶素沒食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate)、嗜鹽放線菌醯胺A(salinosporamide A)和卡非佐米(carfilzomib)。
7萬道爾頓熱休克蛋白(Hsp70)和90萬道爾頓熱休克蛋白(Hsp90)為普遍表現的熱休克蛋白家族。Hsp70和Hsp90係過度表現在特定的癌症類型。數種Hsp70
和Hsp90抑制劑正在進行癌症治療之研究。文中供組合使用之Hsp70和Hsp90抑制劑的實例包括(但不限於)坦螺旋黴素(tanespimycin)和根赤殼菌素(radicicol)。
許多腫瘤細胞顯現與正常組織顯著不同的代謝。例如,糖解速率(葡萄糖轉化為丙酮酸之代謝過程)增加,且所產生的丙酮酸還原成乳酸,而非在粒腺體中經由三羧酸(TCA)循環進一步氧化。此種效應即使在無氧條件下為常見的並稱為瓦氏效應(Warburg Effect)。
乳酸去氫酶A(LDH-A),一種表現在肌肉細胞之乳酸去氫酶的同功酶,在腫瘤細胞代謝中藉由進行丙酮酸還原成乳酸,然後將其輸送至細胞外,扮演一關鍵角色。此種酵素在許多腫瘤細胞已顯現下調。瓦氏效應中所描述的葡萄糖代謝之改變對於腫瘤細胞的生長和增生為重要的,且使用RNA-i敲除LDH-A在異體移植模型中已顯示造成細胞增生和腫瘤生長下降(Tennant D.A.,et al.,Nat.Rev.Cancer,10(4):267-277(2010);Fantin V.R.,et al.,Cancer Cell,9(6):425-434(2006))。
在癌前病變中已發現高量的脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)。藥學上抑制FAS影響涉及癌症發展和維持二者之關鍵致癌基因的表現。Alli P.M.,et al.,Oncogene,24(1):39-46(2005)。
癌代謝抑制劑,包括LDH-A抑制劑和脂肪酸生物合成抑制劑(或FAS抑制劑)適合文中之組合使用。
癌基因治療係涉及使用病毒或非病毒基因遞送載體選擇性轉移重組DNA/RNA以便就治療目的修飾癌細胞。癌基因治療之實例包括(但不限於)自殺和溶瘤細胞基因治療,以及過繼T-細胞治療。
如文中所用,「免疫調節劑」係指包括對免疫系統起作用之單株抗體的任何物質。免疫調節物可用作治療癌症之抗癌劑。例如,免疫調節劑係包括(但不限於)抗體或其他CTLA-4之拮抗劑,例如伊匹單抗(ipilimumab)(YERVOY®),
及PD-1,例如納武單抗(nivolumab)(OPDIVO®)和派姆單抗(pembrolizumab)(KEYTRUDA®)。其他的免疫調節劑包括(但不限於)抗體或或其他D-L1、OX-40、LAG3、TIM-3、41BB和GITR5之拮抗劑。
如文中所用,「PD-1拮抗劑」係指阻斷表現在癌細胞上的PD-L1與表現在免疫細胞(T細胞、B細胞或NKT細胞)上的PD-1結合,且較佳地亦阻斷表現在癌細胞上的PD-L2與表現PD-1之免疫細胞結合的任何化學化合物或生物分子。PD-1的另一種名稱或同義詞及其配體包括:PD-1為PDCD1、PD1、CD279和SLEB2;PD-L1為PDCD1L1、PDL1、B7H1、B7-4、CD274和B7-H;而PD-L2為PDCD1L2、PDL2、B7-DC、Btdc和CD273。人類PD-1胺基酸序列可參見NCBI Locus No.:NP_005009。人類PD-L1和PD-L2胺基酸序列可分別參見NCBI Locus No.:NP_054862和NP_079515。
可用於本發明任何方面之PD-1拮抗劑包括與PD-1或PD-L1特異性結合,較佳地係與人類PD-1或人類PD-L1特異性結合之單株抗體(mAb)或其抗原結合片段。mAb可為人類抗體、人源化抗體或嵌合抗體,並可包括一人類恆定區。在某些實施例中,人類恆定區係由下列組成之群中選出:IgG1、IgG2、IgG3和IgG4恆定區,且在較佳的實施例中,此人類恆定區為IgG1或IgG4恆定區。在某些實施例中,此抗原結合片段係由列組成之群中選出:Fab、Fab'-SH、F(ab')2、scFv和Fv片段。與人類PD-1結合並可用於本發明各方面及實施例中的mAb之實例係描述於美國專利第8,552,154號;美國專利第8,354,509號;美國專利第8,168,757號;美國專利第8,008,449;美國專利第7,521,051號;美國專利第7,488,802號;WO2004072286;WO2004056875;和WO2004004771中。
可用於本發明任何方面及實施例中的其他PD-1拮抗劑包括與PD-1特異性結合,較佳地與人類PD-1(例如含有胞外或PD-L1或PD-L2之PD-1結合部份與恆定區,例如免疫球蛋白分子之Fc區融合之融合蛋白)特異性結合之免疫黏附素。與PD-1特異性結合之免疫黏附素分子的實例係描述於WO2010027827和
WO2011066342中。可在治療法、醫藥和本發明用途中用做PD-1拮抗劑之特異性融合蛋白包括AMP-224(亦稱為B7-DCIg),其為一種PD-L2-FC融合蛋白且係與人類PD-1結合。
納武單抗為一種人源化單株抗-PD-1抗體,市面上可購得的為OPDIVO®。納武單抗係適用於治療某些不可切除的或轉移的黑色瘤。納武單抗係藉由其配體PD-L1和PD-L2與PD-1(一種Ig超家族跨膜蛋白)結合並阻斷PD-1活化,造成對抗腫瘤細胞或病原之T-細胞和細胞-媒介的免疫反應活化。活化的PD-1經由抑制P13k/Akt路徑活化,負向調節T-細胞活化和效應子功能。納武單抗之其他名稱包括BMS-936558、MDX-1106和ONO-4538。納武單抗之胺基酸序列及使用和製造方法係揭示於美國專利號US 8,008,449中。
派姆單抗為一種人源化單株抗-PD-1抗體,市面上可購得的為KEYTRUDA®。派姆單抗係適用於治療某些不可切除的或轉移的黑色瘤。派姆單抗之胺基酸序列及使用方法係揭示於美國專利第8,168,757號中。
抗-PD-L1抗體及其製造方法已為本項技術所知。此等抗PD-L1之抗體可為多株或單株,及/或重組,及/或人源化。PD-L1抗體正開發作為癌症治療之免疫調節劑。
示例的PD-L1抗體係揭示於美國專利第9,212,224號;美國專利第8,779,108號;美國專利第8,552,154號;美國專利第8,383,796號;美國專利第8,217,149號;美國專利公開案號20110280877;WO2013079174;及WO2013019906中。另外的示例性PD-L1之抗體(亦稱為CD274或B7-H1)及使用方法係揭示於美國專利第8,168,179號;美國專利第7,943,743號;美國專利第7,595,048號;WO2014055897;WO2013019906;和WO2010077634中。可在治療方法、醫藥及本發明用途中用作為PD-1拮抗劑之特異性抗人類PD-L1單株抗體包括MPDL3280A、BMS-936559、MEDI4736、MSB0010718C。
阿特珠單抗(Atezolizumab)為一種全人源化單株抗-PD-L1抗體,市面上可購
得的為TECENTRIQTM。阿特珠單抗係適用於治療某些局部晚期或轉移的泌尿上皮癌。阿特珠單抗係阻斷PD-L1與PD-1和CD80的相互作用。
CD134,亦稱為OX40,為TNFR-受體超家族的一員,其不同於CD28,並非組成性表現在休眠的初始T細胞上。OX40為一次級共激分子,在活化後24至72小時表現;其配體OX40L亦並非表現在休眠的抗原呈現細胞上,但會追隨其活化。OX40之活化係依賴T細胞的完全活化而定;在無CD28下,OX40之表現延遲且為低4倍的量。OX-40抗體、OX-40融合蛋白及其使用方法係揭示於美國專利號:US 7,504,101;US 7,758,852;US 7,858,765;US 7,550,140;US 7,960,515;WO2012027328;WO2013028231中。
供與本發明EZH2抑制化合物組合使用或共投予的另外活性成份(抗癌劑)之另外實例為抗體及其他CD20之拮抗劑、類視色素或其他激酶抑制劑。此等抗體或拮抗劑之實例包括(但不限於)利妥昔單抗(rituximab)(RITUXAN®和MABTHERA®)、奧法木單抗(ofatumumab)(ARZERRA®)和貝沙羅汀(bexarotene)(TARGRETIN®)。此類的抗體或拮抗劑可與另外的活性劑,包括烷化劑、抗生素、抗癌劑(例如插入劑)、其他抗癌劑(例如長春花鹼)及腎上腺皮質類固醇另外地組合。例如,此一組合可包括利妥昔單抗、環磷醯胺、阿黴素、長春新鹼(vincristine)和強體松。
供與本發明EZH2抑制化合物組合使用或共投予的另外活性成份(抗癌劑)之另外實例為類鐸受體4(TLR4)拮抗劑,包括(但不限於)胺基烷基葡萄糖胺磷酸酯(AGP)。
AGP已知可用做疫苗佐劑及免疫刺激劑,供於致免疫動物中刺激細胞激素產生、活化巨噬細胞、提升先天免疫反應及擴增抗體產生。AGP為合成的TLR4配體。AGP及其經由TLR之4免疫刺激效應係揭示於專利公開案,例如WO 2006016997、WO 2001090129及/或美國專利第6,113,918號中,且已於文獻中提出。另外的AGP衍生物係揭示於美國專利第7,129,219號、美國專利第
6,911,434號及美國專利第6,525,028號。特定的AGP係作為TLR4之促效劑,而其他的則被認為是TLR4拮抗劑。
供與本發明EZH2抑制化合物組合使用或共投予的另外活性成份(抗癌劑)之另外非限定實例為ICOS之抗體。
具有促效及活性之用於抗人類ICOS鼠科抗體的CDR係如PCT/EP2012/055735(WO 2012131004)中所示。ICOS之抗體亦揭示於WO 2008137915、WO 2010056804、EP 1374902、EP1374901和EP1125585中。.
供與本發明EZH2抑制化合物組合使用或共投予的另外活性成份(抗癌劑)之另外非限定實例為STING調節化合物、CD39抑制劑和A2a以及A2a腺苷拮抗劑。
選擇可與式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽組合使用的抗癌劑,包括(但不限於):阿巴瑞克(abarelix)、abemaciclib、阿比特龍(abiraterone)、阿法替尼(afatinib)、阿蒲賽柏(aflibercept)、aldoxorubicin、阿雷替尼(alectini)、阿來組單抗(alemtuzumab)、三氧化二砷、天門冬醯胺酶、阿西替尼(axitinib)、AZD-9291、belinostat、苯達莫司汀(bendamustine)、貝伐珠單抗(bevacizumab)、博納吐單抗(blinatumomab)、博舒替尼(bosutinib)、貝倫妥單抗維多汀(brentuximab vedotin)、卡巴他賽(cabazitaxel)、卡博替尼(cabozantinib)、卡培他濱(capecitabine)、色瑞替尼(ceritinib)、克羅拉濱(clofarabine)、考比替尼(cobimetinib)、克唑替尼(crizotinib)、達雷木單抗(daratumumab)、達沙替尼(dasatinib)、地加瑞克(degarelix)、地諾單抗(denosumab)、地努圖希單抗(dinutuximab)、多西紫杉醇(docetaxel)、埃羅妥珠單抗(elotuzumab)、恩替諾特(entinostat)、恩雜魯胺(enzalutamide)、泛艾黴素(epirubicin)、艾日布林(eribulin)、非格司亭(filgrastim)、氟馬替尼(flumatinib)、法洛德(fulvestrant)、呋喹替尼(fruquintinib)、吉妥單抗奧佐米星(gemtuzumab ozogamicin)、替伊莫單抗(ibritumomab)、依魯替尼(ibrutinib)、idelalisib、伊馬替尼(imatinib)、伊立替康(irinotecan)、伊沙匹隆(ixabepilone)、阿西咗眯(ixazomib)、
雷利度胺lenalidomide)、亞樂伐替尼(lenvatinib)、亞葉酸鈣(leucovorin)、甲基二(氯乙基)胺(mechlorethamine)、耐昔妥珠單抗(necitumumab)、奈拉濱(nelarabine)、奈妥吡坦(netupitant)、尼羅替尼(nilotinib)、阿托珠單抗(obinutuzumab)、奧拉帕尼(olaparib)、高三尖杉酯堿(omacetaxine)、奧希替尼(osimertinib)、奧沙利鉑(oxaliplatin)、太平洋紫杉醇(paclitaxel)、帕博西尼(palbociclib)、帕洛諾司瓊(palonosetron)、帕尼單抗(panitumumab)、聚乙二醇非格司亭(pegfilgrastim)、聚乙二醇干擾素α-2b(peginterferon alfa-2b)、培美曲塞(pemetrexed)、普樂沙福(plerixafor)、泊馬度胺(pomalidomide)、普納替尼(ponatinib)、普拉曲沙(pralatrexate)、奎紮替尼(quizartinib)、鐳-223、雷莫蘆單抗(ramucirumab)、瑞戈非尼(regorafenib)、羅拉吡坦(rolapitant)、瑞卡帕布(rucaparib)、sipuleucel-T、索尼得吉(sonidegib)、舒尼替尼(sunitinib)、talimogene laherparepvec、替呱拉索(tipiracil)、拓普替康(topotecan)、曲貝替定(trabectedin)、曲氟尿苷(trifluridine)、曲普瑞林(triptorelin)、脲苷(uridine)、凡德他尼(vandetanib)、velaparib、威羅菲尼(vemurafenib、venetoclax)、長春新鹼(vincristine)、維莫德吉(vismodegib)和唑來膦酸(zoledronic acid)。
此外,式(I)化合物可與一或多種可用於治療或治癒HIV之其他藥劑組合使用。
此等藥劑之實例包括(但不限於):核苷酸反轉錄酶抑制劑,例如齊多夫定(zidovudine)、地達諾新(didanosine)、拉米夫定(lamivudine)、扎西他濱(zalcitabine)、阿巴卡韋(abacavir)、司他夫定(stavudine)、阿德福韋(adefovir)、阿德福韋雙特戊醯氧基甲酯(adefovir dipivoxil)、福西夫定妥多酯(fozivudine todoxil)、恩曲他濱(emtricitabine)、阿洛夫定(alovudine)、胺多索韋(amdoxovir)、依夫西他濱(elvucitabine)及類似藥劑;非核苷酸反轉錄酶抑制劑(包括具有抗氧化活性之藥劑,例如怡妙康(immunocal)、奧替普拉(oltipraz)等),例如內維拉平(nevirapine)、地拉韋啶(delavirdine)、依法韋恩茨(efavirenz)、洛韋胺(Ioviride)、怡妙康(immunocal)、
奧替普拉(oltipraz)、卡普韋林(capravirine)、來司韋林(Iersivirine)、GSK2248761、TMC-278、TMC-125、依曲韋林(etravirine)及類似藥劑;蛋白酶抑制劑,例如沙奎那維(saquinavir)、利托那韋(ritonavir)、茚地那韋(indinavir)、奈非那韋(nelfinavir)、安普那韋(amprenavir)、佛薩普那韋(fosamprenavir)、貝卡那韋(brecanavir)、達蘆那韋(darunavir)、阿札那韋(atazanavir)、替拉那韋(tipranavir)、帕利那韋(palinavir)、拉西那韋(Iasinavir)及類似藥劑;進入、附著和融合抑制劑,例如恩夫韋地(enfuvirtide)(T-20)、T-1249、PRO-542、PRO-140、TNX-355、BMS-806、BMS-663068和BMS-626529、5-Helix及類似藥劑;整合酶抑制劑,例如雷特格韋(raltegravir)、埃替拉韋(elvitegravir)、多魯特格韋(dolutegravir)、卡博特韋(cabotegravir)及類似藥劑;成熟抑制劑,例如PA-344和PA-457及類似藥劑;及CXCR4及/或CCR5抑制劑,例如,維克雷羅(vicriviroc)(Sch-C)、Sch-D、TAK779、馬拉韋羅(maraviroc)(UK 427,857)、TAK449,以及該等揭示於WO 02/74769、PCT/US03/39644、PCT/US03/39975、PCT/US03/39619、PCT/US03/39618、PCT/US03/39740和PCT/US03/39732者及類似藥劑。
其中本發明化合物可與一或多種可用於預防或治療HIV之藥劑組合使用之另外的實例請參見表1。
本發明化合物與HIV藥劑之組合範圍並不限於上文所提及者,但基本上係包括與任何可用於治癒或治療HIV之醫藥組成物的任何組合。如上所述,在此等組合中,本發明化合物和其他HIV藥劑可先後或聯合給藥。此外,一藥劑可在投予其他藥之前、同時或之後給藥。
本發明化合物可與一或多種可用作藥學增強劑以及有或無與預防或治療HIV的另外化合物組合使用。此等醫藥增強劑(或藥物動力學加強劑)之實例包括(但不限於)利托那韋、GS-9350和SPI-452。利托那韋為10-羥基-2-甲基-5-(1-甲基乙基)-1-1[2-(1-甲基乙基)-4-噻唑基]-3,6-二側氧基-8,11-雙(苯基甲基)-2,4,7,12-四氮雜十三烷-13-酸,5-噻唑基甲基酯,[5S-(5S*,8R*,10R*,11R*)]且可由Abbott Laboratories of Abbott park,Illinois取得,稱為Norvir。利托那韋為一種HIV蛋白酶抑制劑,適用於治療HIV感染之其他抗反轉錄病毒藥劑。利托那韋亦抑制
P450媒介的藥物代謝以及P-糖蛋白(Pgp)細胞運送系統,藉此使得生物體內的活性化合物濃度增加。GS-9350為一種由Gilead Sciences of Foster City California開發中,作為藥理學增強劑之化合物。SPI-452為一種由Sequoia Pharmaceuticals of Gaithersburg,Maryland開發中,作為藥理學增強劑之化合物。
文中係提供治療或預防自體免疫和發炎性症狀以及可藉由抑制EZH1及/或EZH2改善的疾病之方法,藉此,例如調節活化的甲基化及壓制標靶基因之甲基化的表現量,或調節訊號傳遞蛋白之活性。此一方法可包括投予人類,例如有此需要的人類一治療上有效量的文中所述藥劑。
發炎係代表一群對創傷之血管、細胞和神經反應。發炎之特徵可為發炎細胞,例如單核細胞、嗜中性細胞和粒細胞移動進入組織。此項通常與內皮屏障功能降低及組織水腫有關。發炎可分類為急性或慢性。急性發炎為身體對有害刺激之初始反應且係藉由增加血漿和白細胞從血液移動至受傷組織來進行。一連串涉及受傷組織內局部血管系統、免疫系統及各種細胞的生化事件使發炎反應蔓延並成熟。長期的發炎,稱為慢性發炎,導致存在發炎位置的細胞類型漸進性變動且其特徵為組織由發炎過程同時破壞和癒合。
當發生的為對感染之免疫反應部分或對創傷之急性反應時,發炎可能為有利的且正常為自制性的。然而,發炎在各種狀況下可能為有害的。此項包括回應感染物產生過量的發炎,其可能導致明顯的器官損傷和死亡(例如,在敗血症的情況下)。再者,慢性發炎一般為有害的且為許多慢性疾病之根源,對組織造成嚴重及不可逆的損傷。在此等條件下,免疫反應通常係針對自我組織(自體免疫性),雖然對外來實體之慢性反應亦可能導致自我組織之旁觀者傷害。
因此抗發炎治療之目標為降低此種發炎,抑制自體免疫(當存在時)並讓生理過程或療癒及組織修復進行。
此等藥劑可用於處理身體任何組織和器官的發炎,包括肌肉骨骼發炎、血管發炎、神經發炎、消化系統發炎、眼部發炎、生殖系統發炎和其他發炎,如
下例所示。
肌肉骨骼發炎係指任何肌肉骨骼系統之發炎症狀,特別是影響骨關節之症狀,包括手、腕、肘、肩、顎、脊椎、頸、臀、膝、踝和足部之關節,以及影響連接肌肉和骨骼之組織,例如腱部。可用本發明化合物治療之肌肉骨骼發炎的實例包括關節炎(包括,例如骨關節炎、乾癬性關節炎、僵直性脊椎炎、急性和慢性感染性關節炎、與痛風和偽痛風有關的關節炎,以及幼年型特發性關節炎)、肌腱炎、滑膜炎、腱鞘炎、滑囊炎、纖維組織炎(纖維肌痛)、上髁炎、肌炎和骨炎(包括,例如柏哲德氏症(Paget’s disease)、恥骨聯合炎和囊性纖維性骨炎)。
眼部發炎係指任何眼睛結構之發炎,包括眼瞼。可用本發明治療之眼部發炎的實例包括瞼緣炎、眼瞼鬆弛、結膜炎、淚腺炎、角膜炎、乾性角膜結膜炎(乾眼症)、鞏膜炎、睫毛倒插和葡萄膜炎。
可用本發明治療之神經系統發炎的實例包括腦炎、格林-巴利症候群(Guillain-Barre syndrome)、腦膜炎、神經性肌強直、猝睡症、多發性硬化症、脊髓炎和精神分裂症。
可用本發明治療之血管分部或淋巴系統發炎的實例包括關節僵硬、關節炎、靜脈炎、血管炎和淋巴管炎。
可用本發明治療之消化系統發炎症狀的實例包括膽管炎、膽囊炎、腸炎、小腸結腸炎、胃炎、腸胃炎、回腸炎和直腸炎。
可用本發明治療之生殖系統發炎症狀的實例包括子宮頸炎、絨毛膜羊膜炎、子宮內膜炎、附睾炎、臍炎、卵巢炎、睪丸炎、輸卵管炎、輸卵管膿瘍、尿道炎、陰道炎、外陰炎和外陰疼痛。
此等藥劑可用於治療具有發炎性組份之自體免疫症狀。此等症狀包括急性散播性全身性禿髮症、貝塞特氏症(Behcet’s disease)、查加斯氏症(Chagas’ disease)、慢性疲勞症候群、自主神經障礙、腦脊髓炎、僵直性脊椎炎、再生不良性貧血、
化膿性汗腺炎、自體免疫性肝炎、自體免疫性卵巢炎、乳糜瀉、克隆氏症(Crohn’s disease)、第1型糖尿病、巨細胞動脈炎、古巴士德氏症候群(goodpasture’s syndrome)、葛瑞夫茲氏症(Grave’s disease)、格林-巴厘症候群、橋本氏甲狀腺炎(Hashimoto’s disease)、過敏性紫斑(Henoch-Schönlein purpura)、川崎氏病(Kawasaki’s disease)、紅斑性狼瘡、微性結腸炎、顯微性多動脈炎、混合型結締組織疾病、多發性硬化症、重肌無力症、眼球震顫肌肉抽搐症後群、視神經炎、奧德氏甲狀腺炎(ord’s thyroiditis)、天皰瘡、結節性多動脈炎、多發性肌痛症、雷德氏症候群(Reiter’s syndrome)、休格倫氏症候群(Sjogren’s syndrome)、顳動脈炎、韋格納肉芽腫(Wegener’s granulomatosis)、溫性自體免疫溶血性貧血、間質性膀胱炎、萊姆病(lyme disease)、硬斑症、類肉瘤病、硬皮症、潰瘍性結腸炎和白斑。
此等藥劑可用於治療具有發炎性組份之T-細胞媒介的過敏性疾病。此等症狀包括接觸性過敏症、接觸性皮膚炎(包括由毒藤所引起的)、蕁麻疹、皮膚過敏、呼吸過敏(花粉熱、過敏性鼻炎)和麩質敏感性腸疾(乳糜瀉)。
可用本發明治療之其他發炎症狀的實例包括,例如闌尾炎、皮膚炎、皮肌炎、心內膜炎、纖維組織炎、牙齦炎、舌炎、肝炎、化膿性汗腺炎、虹膜炎、喉炎、乳腺炎、心肌炎、腎炎、耳炎、胰臟炎、腮腺炎、心包膜炎、腹膜炎、咽頭炎、胸膜炎、肺炎、前列腺炎、腎盂腎炎和口腔炎,移植排斥(包括器官,例如腎、肝、心、肺、胰臟(例如胰小島細胞)、骨髓、角膜、小腸、皮膚同種移植及心瓣膜異腫移植、血清病;移植物抗宿主病)、急性胰臟炎、慢性胰臟炎、急性呼吸窘迫症候群、塞紮萊氏症候群(Sexary’s syndrome)、先天性腎上腺增生症、非化膿性甲狀腺炎、與癌症有關的高鈣血症、天皰瘡、大皰性皰疹性皮膚炎、嚴重多形性紅斑、脫落性皮炎、脂漏性皮膚炎、季節性或常年性過敏性鼻炎、支氣管氣喘、接觸性皮膚炎、異位性皮膚炎、藥物過敏反應、過敏性節膜炎、角膜炎、帶狀皰疹、虹膜睫状体炎、脈絡膜視網膜炎、視神經炎、症狀性
結節病、暴發性或播散性肺結核化療、成人特發性血小板減少性紫斑、成人繼發性血小板減少症、後天(自身免疫)溶血性貧血、成人白血病和淋巴瘤、兒童急性白血病、局限性腸炎、自身免疫血管炎、多發性硬化、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、實體器官移植排斥反應、敗血症。
較佳的治療包括任一移植排斥之治療、乾癬性關節炎、多發性硬化症、第1型糖尿病、氣喘、全身性紅斑性狼瘡、慢性肺疾病和伴隨感染性症狀之發炎(例如敗血症)。
醫藥組成物可以每單位劑量含有一預定量活性成份之單位劑型呈現。依照所治療的症狀、給藥路徑和病患之年齡、體重及狀況,此一單位可含有,例如0.5mg至1g,較佳地1mg至700mg,更佳地5mg至100mg的式(I)化合物,或醫藥組成物可以每單位劑量含有一預定量活性成份之單位劑型呈現。較佳的單位劑量組成物為該等含有如上文中所述之每日劑量或亞劑量,或其適當分量之組成物。再者,此等醫藥組成物可藉由任何藥學技術中熟知的方法來製備。
醫藥組成物可經調整而適用於以任何適當的路徑來給藥,例如以口服(包括頰內或舌下)、直腸、鼻內、局部(包括頰內、舌下或經皮)、陰道內或非經腸(包括皮下、肌肉內、靜脈內或真皮內)路徑。此等組成物可藉由任何藥學技術中已知的方法來製備,例如藉由將式(I)化合物與載劑或賦形劑結合。
經調整適用於口服給藥之醫藥組成物可以離散單位,例如錠劑或膠囊;散劑或顆粒;溶於水性或非水性液體之溶液或懸浮液;可食用泡沫劑或霜泡;或水包油液體乳劑或油包水乳劑呈現。
膠囊可藉由製備一如上述之粉末混合物來製造,並填入成形的明膠殼中。在填充操作之前,可將助流劑和潤滑劑,例如膠態矽氧、滑石、硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸鈣、固態聚乙二醇加入此粉末混合物中。當膠囊為攝入性時,亦可加入崩解劑或增溶劑,例如瓊脂、碳酸鈣或碳酸鈉用以增進藥物的可利用性。
再者,當希望或需要時,亦可將適合的結著劑、潤滑劑、崩解劑和調色劑
併入混合物中。適合的結著劑包括澱粉、明膠、天然糖類,例如葡萄糖、β-乳糖、玉米甜味劑、天然和合成膠例如阿拉伯膠、黃蓍膠、海藻酸鈉、羧甲基纖維素、聚乙二醇、蠟等等。用於這些劑型之潤滑劑包括油酸鈉、硬脂酸鈉、硬脂酸鎂、苯甲酸鈉、乙酸鈉、氯化鈉等等。崩解劑包括,不限於,澱粉、甲基纖維素、瓊脂、膨潤土、三仙膠等等。錠劑,例如,係藉由製備一粉末混合物,造粒或擊打,加入潤滑劑和崩解劑,以及壓製成錠而加以調配。粉末混合物係藉由將適當研碎的化合物與稀釋劑或如上述之基底混合,及可選擇地與結著劑例如羧甲基纖維素、海藻酸鹽、明膠或聚乙烯吡咯酮,一溶液阻隔劑例如石蠟,回吸加速劑例如四級鹽,及/或吸收劑例如膨潤土、高嶺土或磷酸二鈣混合所製備。粉末混合物可藉由加入硬脂酸、滑石或礦物油以錠劑成形模具造粒。然後將經潤滑的混合物壓製成錠。本發明之化合物可與散粒的惰性載劑混合及然後在無經過成粒或擊打步驟下直接壓製成錠。亦可提供由蟲膠隔離膜衣、糖衣或聚合物質以及拋光蠟膜所組成的純不透明保護膜衣。亦可將染劑加到這些膜衣中用以區別不同的單位劑量。
口服液,例如溶液、糖漿和酏劑可製備成單位劑型,使得所給予的量含有一預定量之式(I)化合物。糖漿可藉由將合物溶於適當調味過的水性溶液中來製備,而酏劑係經由使用無毒的醇類媒劑所製備。懸浮液可藉由將化合物分散於無毒媒劑中加以調配。亦可加入安定劑和乳化劑,例如乙氧基化異硬脂醇和聚氧乙烯山梨醇醚,防腐劑、風味添加劑例如椒薄荷油或天然甜味劑或糖精或其他人工甜味劑等等。
當適當時,口服給藥之單位劑型醫藥調配物可經微膠囊化。此調配物亦可,例如藉由塗膜或包覆特定聚合物質、蠟等等製備成延長或持續釋放。
經調整適用於直腸給藥之醫藥組成物可以栓劑或以灌腸劑來呈現。
經調整適用於陰道給藥之醫藥組成物可以陰道栓劑、棉條、乳霜、凝膠、糊膏、泡沫或噴霧調配物來呈現。
經調整適用於非經腸給藥之醫藥調配物係包括水性和非水性無菌注射溶液,其可含有抗氧化劑、緩衝劑、制菌劑和使得組成物與預期接受者之血液等張的溶質;且水性和非水性無菌懸浮液可包括懸浮劑和增稠劑。醫藥組成物可以單位劑量或多劑量容器來呈現,例如密封的安瓶和小瓶,且可以冷凍乾燥(凍乾)狀況來儲存,僅需在使用前即刻加入無菌液體載劑,例如注射用水。即席的注射溶液和懸浮液可從無菌粉末、顆粒和錠劑來製備。
應了解,除了上文特別提及的成份外,醫藥組成物可包括其他具有有關所指調配物類型之技術中習用的試劑,例如該等適合口服給藥之調配物可包括調味劑。
本發明化合物之治療上有效量將依照許多的因素而定,包括,例如預期接受者的年齡和體重、需要治療的確切症狀及其嚴重度、調配物的性質和給藥路徑,且最終係由開立醫藥處方的醫師來判定。然而,用於治療貧血之式(I)化合物的有效量一般係在每天0.001至100mg/接受者每公斤體重之範圍內,適合地每天0.01至10mg/每公斤體重。就70kg的成年哺乳動物,每天實際的量適合地應為7至700mg且此量可以每日單位劑量或以每日許多(例如二、三、四、五或六個)亞劑量來給予,使得總每日劑量為相同的。鹽或溶劑化物等等之有效量可以式(I)化合物本身之有效量的比例來決定。預計,類似劑量對於上文所指之其他症狀的治療應為適當的。
在特定的實施例中,本發明係關於包括(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的醫藥組成物。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於包括(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的醫藥組成物,其中至少10重量%的(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸
鹽係以如文中所述之(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽的晶體形式(II型)存在。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於包括(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的醫藥組成物,其中20重量%,或至少30重量%,或至少40重量%,或至少50重量%,或至少60重量%,或至少70重量%,或至少80重量%,或至少90重量%的(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽係以文中所述之(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽的晶體形式(II型)存在。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於包括(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的醫藥組成物,其中至少95重量%,或至少96重量%,或至少97重量%,或至少98重量%,或至少99重量%,或至少99.5重量%,或至少99.8重量%,或至少99.9重量%的(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸係以文中所述之(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽的晶體形式(II型)存在。
在特定的實施例中,本發明係關於包括(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的醫藥組成物。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於包括(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮
呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的醫藥組成物,其中至少10重量%的(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽係以文中所述之(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽的晶體形式(I型)存在。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於包括(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的醫藥組成物,其中至少20重量%,或至少30重量%,或至少40重量%,或至少50重量%,或至少60重量%,或至少70重量%,或至少80重量%,或至少90重量%的(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽係以文中所述之(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽的晶體形式(I型)存在。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於包括(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的醫藥組成物,其中至少95重量%,或至少96重量%,或至少97重量%,或至少98重量%,或至少99重量%,或至少99.5重量%,或至少99.8重量%,或至少99.9重量%的(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽係以文中所述之(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽的晶體形式(I型)存在。
在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於包括(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫
吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的醫藥組成物,其中不多於90重量%的此鹽為非晶形。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於包括(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的醫藥組成物,其中不多於80重量%,或不多於70重量%,或不多於60重量%,或不多於50重量%,或不多於40重量%,或不多於30重量%,或不多於20重量%,或不多於10重量%的此鹽為非晶形。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於包括(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的醫藥組成物,其中不多於5重量%,或不多於4重量%,或不多於3重量%,或不多於2重量%,或不多於1重量%,或不多於0.5重量%,或不多於0.2重量%,或不多於0.1重量%的此鹽為非晶形。
在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於包括(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的醫藥組成物,其中不多於90重量%的此鹽為非晶形。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於包括(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的醫藥組成物,其中不多於80重量%,或不多於70重量%,或不多於60重量%,或不多於50重量%,或不多於40重量%,或不多於30重量%,或不多於20重量%,或不多於10重量%的此鹽為非晶形。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於包括(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的醫藥組成物,其中不多於5重量%,或不多於4重量%,或不多於3重量%,或不多於2重量%,或不多於1重量%,或不多於0.5重量%,或不多於0.2重量%,或不多於0.1重量%
的此鹽為非晶形。
在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於包括(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的醫藥組成物,其中不多於90重量%的(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽係以文中所述之(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽的晶體形式(II型)以外的形式存在。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於包括(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的醫藥組成物,其中不多於80重量%,或不多於70重量%,或不多於60重量%,或不多於50重量%,或不多於40重量%,或不多於30重量%,或不多於20重量%,或不多於10重量%的(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮係以文中所述之(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽的晶體形式(II型)以外的形式存在。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於包括(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的醫藥組成物,其中不多於5重量%,或不多於4重量%,或不多於3重量%,或不多於2重量%,或不多於1重量%,或不多於0.5重量%,或不多於0.2重量%,或不多於0.1重量%的(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽係以文中所述之(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并
[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽的晶體形式(II型)以外的形式存在。
在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於包括(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的醫藥組成物,其中不多於90重量%的(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽係以文中所述之(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽的晶體形式(I型)以外的形式存在。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於包括(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的醫藥組成物,其中不多於80重量%,或不多於70重量%,或不多於60重量%,或不多於50重量%,或不多於40重量%,或不多於30重量%,或不多於20重量%,或不多於10重量%的(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽係以文中所述之(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽的晶體形式(II型)以外的形式存在。在另外的實施例中,本發明係關於包括(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮之鹽酸鹽的醫藥組成物,其中不多於5重量%,或不多於4重量%,或不多於3重量%,或不多於2重量%,或不多於1重量%,或不多於0.5重量%,或不多於0.2重量%,或不多於0.1重量%的(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽係
以文中所述之(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮鹽酸鹽的晶體形式(I型)以外之形式存在。
術語係以其接受的意義來使用。下列定義係為了說明,而非限制所定義之術語。
如文中所用,術語「烷基」係代表一具有所指碳原子數之飽和、直鏈或支鏈烴基基團。術語「(C1-C4)烷基」係指一含有1至4個碳原子之烷基基團。示例的烷基包括(但不限於)甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、戊基、己基、庚基和辛基。
「烷氧基」係指含有如上定義之烷基經由一氧連接原子相連之基團。術語「(C1-C4)烷氧基」係指具有1至4個碳原子,經由一氧連接原子相連之直鏈或支鏈烴基基團。可用於本發明之示例的「(C1-C4)烷氧基」基團包括甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、第二丁氧基、異丁氧基和第三丁氧基。
當術語「烷基」係與其他的取代基基團組合使用時,例如「鹵基(C1-C8)烷基」、「羥基(C1-C8)烷基」或「(C1-C4)烷氧基(C1-C8)烷基-」,術語「烷基」希望係涵蓋二價直鏈或支鏈烴基,其中連接點係經由該烷基基團。術語「鹵基(C1-C4)烷基」希望係指在含有1至4個碳原子之直鏈或支鏈烷基的一或多個碳原子上具有一或多個鹵素原子之基,該鹵素原子可為相同或不同的。可用於本發明之「鹵基(C1-C4)烷基」基團之實例包括(但不限於)-CF3(三氟甲基)、-CCl3(三氯甲基)、1,1-二氟乙基、2-氟-2-甲基丙基、2,2-二氟丙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基和六氟異丙基。可用於本發明之「羥基(C1-C8)烷基」基團的實例包括(但不限於)羥甲基、羥乙基和羥基異丙基。可用於本發明之「(C1-C4)烷氧基(C1-C8)烷基-」基團的實例包括(但不限於)甲氧基甲基、甲氧基乙基、甲氧基異丙基、乙氧基甲基、乙氧基乙基、
乙氧基異丙基、異丙氧基甲基、異丙氧基乙基、異丙氧基異丙基、第三丁氧基甲基、第三丁氧基乙基和第三丁氧基異丙基。
如文中所用,術語「環烷基」係指含有特定碳原子數之非芳香、飽和環狀烴環。術語「(C3-C5)環烷基」係指含有3至5個環碳原子之非芳香環狀烴環。可用於本發明之示例的「(C3-C5)環烷基」基團包括環丙基、環丁基和環戊基。
如文中所用,術語「二環烷基」係指含有特定碳原子數之飽和、橋連、稠合或螺狀雙環烴環系。示例的「(C6-C10)二環烷基」基團包括(但不限於)雙環[2.1.1]己基、雙環[2.1.1]庚基、雙環[3.2.1]辛基、雙環[2.2.2]辛基、雙環[3.2.2]壬基、雙環[3.3.1]壬基、雙環[3.3.2]癸基、雙環[4.3.1]癸基、雙環[2.2.0]己基、雙環[3.1.0]己基、雙環[3.2.0]庚基、雙環[4.1.0]庚基、八氫并環戊二烯基、雙環[4.2.0]辛基、十氫萘、螺環[3.3]庚基、螺環[2.4]庚基、螺環[3.4]辛基、螺環[2.5]辛基、螺環[4.4]壬基、螺環[3.5]壬基及螺環[4.5]癸基。
術語「鹵素」及「鹵基」係代表氟、氯、溴或碘取代基。「羥基」係意指-OH基。
如文中所用,術語「可選擇地」係指後續所述事件可能會發生或可能不會發生,且包括事件發生和事件不發生二者。
如文中所用,術語「治療」係指在之前已罹病或確診病患或對象中減輕特定症狀,消除或減少一或多個症狀之癥候,延緩或消除症狀之進程,以及延遲症狀發生。
「治癒」一病患之疾病係用來指根絕、中止、停止或結束人類免疫缺乏病毒或癥候,或癥候或病毒之進程歷時一段所定義的時間。例如,在一實施例中,「治癒」係指治療性給藥或單獨或與一或多種其他化合物組合之給藥組合,在最少二年無任何其他治療干預後,引發及維持人類免疫缺乏病毒之持續性病毒控制(藉由,例如聚合酶連鎖反應(PCR)檢測、bDNA(支鏈DNA)檢測或NASBA(核酸序列增幅)檢測,無可偵測量之血漿病毒血症)。上述的PCR、bDNA
和NASBA係使用熟習本項技術者已知及熟悉的技術來進行。例如,根絕、中止、停止或結束人類免疫缺乏病毒或徵狀,或癥狀或病毒之進程,可能持續至少二年。
如文中所用,術語「有效量」係指引起,例如研究人員或臨床醫師所尋求之組織、系統、動物或人類的生物或醫療反應藥物或醫藥劑之量。
術語「治療上有效量」係指相較於未接受此量的對應對象,造成提升治療、療癒或改善疾病、病症或副作用,或減低疾病或病症之進展速率之任何量。此術語亦包括在其有效增進正常生理功能之量的範圍內。就用於治療上,式(I)化合物以及其鹽類之治療上有效量,可以原化合物來給藥。另外,活性成份可以醫藥組成物來呈現。
本發明化合物可藉由各種方法來製造,包括熟知的標準合成法。說明性通用合成方法係列於下而特定的本發明化合物係於操作實例中製備。熟習技術者應了解,若文中所述的取代基與文中所述的合成方法不相容,則此取代基可用在反應條件下穩定的適合保護基團保護。此保護基團可在反應程序中適合的點移除,以提供所欲的中間物或目標化合物。在所有下述的流程中,當依照合成化學的通用準則需要時,係應用敏感性或反應性基團之保護基。保護基係根據有機化學之標準方法操作(T.W.Green and P.G.M.Wuts,(1991)Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis,John Wiley & Sons,有關保護基團係以引用的方式併入)。這些基團係在化合物合成之方便的階段使用熟習本項技術者顯見的方法來移除。製程和反應條件及其執行順序之選擇應與本發明化物之製備一致。起始物係從市面上購得或由市售的起始物使用熟習本項技術者已知的方法所製造。
特定的式(I)化合物可根據流程1或類似方法來製備。銥媒介的硼化,接著以適當經取代的三氟甲磺酸鹽鈴木偶合(Suzuki coupling),得到對應的烯烴。烯烴之銥媒介的不對稱還原,接著溴化,得到溴噻吩。溴噻吩與丙烯醇之鈀媒介的赫克偶合(Heck coupling),接著生成物醛與適當經取代胺之還原性胺化作用得到二級胺。酯之皂化及形成分子內醯胺,得到精細的噻吩內醯胺。移除甲基和第三-丁基羰基保護基,得到吡啶酮。以適當經取代的醛進行還原性胺化,得到式(I)化合物。
下列指南係適用於所有文中所述的實驗製程。除非另有指出,否則所有的反應係在正氮氣壓下使用烘箱乾燥的玻璃器皿來進行。標示的溫度為外部(亦即
浴溫)及大約溫度。空氣和濕度敏感性液體係經由注射器轉置。試劑係按收到之原樣使用。所用的溶劑為該等供應商列為「無水」之溶劑。試劑之溶液所列的莫耳濃度為大約值,且在使用前並無進行對應標準之滴定。除非另有指出,否則所有的反應係以攪拌子攪拌。加熱係使用含有矽油之熱浴來進行。以微波照射所進行的反應(0-400W以2.45GHz)係使用一Biotage® Initiator 2.0儀器以Biotage®微波EXP小瓶(0.2-20mL)和隔膜及套蓋來進行。以溶劑和離子電荷為基準所用的照射量(亦即高、正常、低)係以供應商的說明為基準。冷卻至-70℃以下的溫度係使用乾冰/丙酮或乾冰/2-丙醇來進行。用作為乾燥劑之硫酸鎂和硫酸鈉為無水等級,且可交換使用。以「真空」或「減壓下」移除所述溶劑係藉由旋轉蒸發來進行。
製備式正相矽膠層析係使用Teledyne ISCO® CombiFlash Companion儀器以RediSep或ISCO® Gold矽膠濾心(4g-330g),或Analogix® IF280儀器以SF25矽膠濾心(4g-3-00g),或Biotage® SP1儀器以HP®矽膠濾心(10g-100g)來進行。除非另有說明,否則以逆相HPLC純化係使用一YMC-填充管柱(ODS-A 75x30mm)作為固定相來進行。除非另有說明,否則係利用25mL/min A(CH3CN-0.1% TFA):B(水-0.1% TFA),10-80%梯度A(10min)之移動相以214nM之UV偵測。
PE Sciex® API 150單個四極質譜儀(PE Sciex,Thornhill,Ontario,Canada)係使用電灑游離離子化以正離子偵測模式來操作。霧化氣體係由零級空氣生產器(Balston Inc.,Haverhill,MA,USA)所產生並以65psi遞送,而氣簾為從Dewar液態氮罐以50psi所遞送的高純度氮。用於電灑游離針之電壓為4.8kV。孔口係設定在25V及質譜係以0.5scan/sec之速率使用0.2amu之步質量掃描並收集剖面數據。
方法A LCMS.使用一配置有Hamilton® 10uL注射器之CTC® PAL自動取樣器(LEAP Technologies,Carrboro,NC)將樣本導入質譜儀中,該注射器係進行注
射至Valco 10-端口注射閥。HPLC幫浦為以0.3mL/min和於3.2min.內線性梯度4.5% A至90% B保持0.4min所操作之Shimadzu® LC-10ADvp(Shimadzu Scientific Instruments,Columbia,MD)。移動相係由容器A中100%(H2O 0.02% TFA)及容器B中100%(CH3CN 0.018% TFA)所組成。固定相為Aquasil®(C18)而管柱直徑為1mm x 40mm。以214nm之UV、揮發性光散射(ELSD)及MS來偵測。
方法B,LCMS.另一種選擇,使用帶有LC/MS之Agilent® 1100分析式HPLC系統並於1mL/min及於2.2min內線性梯度5% A至100% B,保持0.4min來操作。移動相係由容器A中100%(H2O 0.02% TFA)和容器B中100%(CH3CN 0.018% TFA)所組成。固定相為Zobax®(C8)具有3.5um粒子大小及管柱直徑為2.1mm x 50mm。以214nm之UV、揮發性光散射(ELSD)及MS來偵測。
方法C,LCMS.另一種選擇,使用配置有(50×4.6mm,5μm)毛細管柱之MDSSCIEX® API 2000。HPLC係於配置有Zorbax® SB-C18(50×4.6mm,1.8μm)管柱之Agilent® 1200系列UPLC系統上,以CH3CN:NH4OAc緩衝液溶離來進行。
1H-NMR光譜係於400MHz使用Bruker® AVANCE 400MHz儀器,以用於再處理之ACD Spect manager v.10所記錄。所顯示的多重性為:s=單峰,d=二重峰,t=三重峰,q=四重峰,quint=五重峰,sxt=六重峰,m=多重峰,dd=雙二重峰,dt=雙三重峰等,而br係指廣波峰訊號。除非另有說明,否則所有的NMR係以DMSO-d 6表示。
分析式HPLC:產物係以Agilent® 1100分析式層析系統,以4.5 x 75mm Zorbax® XDB-C18管柱(3.5um)於2mL/min以4min從5% CH3CN(0.1%甲酸)至95%CH3CN(0.1%甲酸)之H2O(0.1%甲酸)溶液的梯度並保持1min進行分析。
於經攪拌的3-溴-4-甲基噻吩(20.0g,113mmol)之THF(100mL)溶液中於氮氣RT下逐滴加入異丙基氯化鎂氯化鋰複合物1.3N之THF溶液(90mL,117mmol)。將反應攪拌至隔夜。將反應冷卻至-78℃並以氯甲酸甲酯(12mL,155mmol)處理。讓反應回溫至RT並攪拌1hr。將反應以EtOAc稀釋,以飽和的NaHCO3清洗,攪拌30min(形成停留在水相中之白色懸浮液),以鹽水清洗,乾燥(Na2SO4),過濾並於真空下濃縮。將產物以44至50℃(油浴50至75℃)於真空下(4至2mm Hg)短程蒸餾。將主要及尾餾份組合,得到產物4-甲基噻吩-3-羧酸甲酯(13.2g,85mmol,74.8%產率)為澄清液體。MS(ES)[M+H]+ 156.8.另一種選擇,中間物1係如下製備:
於經攪拌的3-溴-4-甲基噻吩(250g,1412mmol)之THF(1200mL)溶液中於氮氣r.t.下在小時內逐滴加入異丙基氯化鎂氯化鋰複合物(1.3M溶於THF)(1086mL,1412mmol)之溶液。將反應混合物於氮氣壓r.t.下攪拌至隔夜。隔天,將反應以乾冰/丙酮浴冷卻至-78℃並以氯甲酸甲酯(153mL,1977mmol)處理。讓反應回溫至r.t.並攪拌3h。然後將反應混合物以Et2O(750mL)稀釋並以sat.NaHCO3(300mL)攪拌20min。再次以Et2O(2 x 250mL)萃取水層。將組合的有機層以鹽水(250mL)清洗,以(Na2SO4)乾燥,過濾並於真空下濃縮,得到粗化合物(239g)為淡黃色液體。將粗產物於真空下(~3mm Hg)以短程蒸餾純化。使用加熱包於50-55℃蒸餾產物。收集前面、主要的和尾餾份。隨後將主要餾份和尾餾份組合,得到一含有低極性雜質的產物。然後將殘餘物於矽膠管柱上以0-20% Et2O/己烷之梯度溶離進行層析。將TLC偵測之對應產物的溶離份組合並於減壓
下濃縮,得到4-甲基噻吩-3-羧酸甲酯(194g,1242mmol,88%產率)為~90%純度之淡黃色油狀物。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 8.08(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),6.94-6.89(m,1H),3.85(s,3H),2.48(d,J=1.0Hz,3H).MS(ES)[M+H]+ 156.9.
於經冷卻的(冰水浴)2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基菸鹼甲腈(10g,61.7mmol)之Et2O(200mL)溶液中逐滴加入1M LiAlH4之Et2O溶液(123mL,123mmol)。移除冰浴並於r.t.攪拌反應混合物16h。將反應混合物以一冰水浴冷卻及以最低量的水進行驟冷(直到無氫氣產生)。將反應過濾並以10:1 DCM/MeOH清洗不溶的物質。將組合的有機濾液濃縮。經由管柱層析純化殘餘物(0-30% MeOH/DCM-矽膠管柱),得到(2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲胺(8.9g)為微黃色半固體。
於經冷卻的(冰水浴)2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基菸鹼甲腈(50g,308mmol)之Et2O(1000mL)懸浮液中於30min內逐滴加入2M LiAlH4之THF溶液(308mL,617mmol)。將反應攪拌60min,屆時移除冰浴。將反應混合物於r.t.攪拌20h。將反應混合物再冷卻(冰水浴)並以H2O(25mL)逐滴進行驟冷,接著3M NaOH(25mL)及更多的H2O(75mL)。移除冷卻浴並加入MgSO4(10滿勺)。將混合物攪拌1h,屆時將其經由Celite®過濾。以Et2O清洗固體並將母液濃縮。將殘餘物於真空下(hivac)乾燥2h,得到(2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲胺(50g,98%產率)為黃色油狀物,其因冷凍化而固化。MS(ES)[M+H]+ 167.0.
於500mL圓底燒瓶中於Ar下加入(1,5-環辛二烯)(甲氧基)銥(I)二聚物(1.3g,1.961mmol)。攪拌下,經由注射器加入4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜硼戊環(32mL,222mmol),接著4,4'-二第三-丁基-2,2'-二吡啶基(1.04g,3.87mmol)之正己烷溶液(75mL)(將反應於冰浴中保持冷度5-10℃)。攪拌1分鐘後,加入4-甲基噻吩-3-羧酸甲酯(20.0g,128mmol)(看見氣體冒出)。將反應於r.t.攪拌至隔夜。將反應於真空下蒸發至乾並以矽膠層析純化(Isco® RediSep Rf Gold 330g,0至10% EtOAc之己烷溶液)。將純的溶離份組合並蒸發至乾,得到4-甲基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜硼戊環-2-基)噻吩-3-羧酸甲酯(33.1g,117mmol,92%產率)為無色油狀物,其在真空下固化為一蠟狀白色固體。MS(ES)[M+H]+ 200.9(硼酸),283.1(硼酸鹽)。
於經攪拌的4-乙醯基哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(25g,110mmol)之THF(250mL)溶液中於氮氣下逐滴加入1N NaHMDS之THF溶液(130mL,130mmol)。接著於15min內逐滴加入1,1,1-三氟-N-(吡啶-2-基)-N-((三氟甲基)磺醯基)甲磺醯胺(45g,126mmol)之THF(100mL)溶液。將反應-78℃於攪拌1h,然後於0℃攪拌30min。將反應以冷水(500mL)進行驟冷,以EtOAc(2 x 250mL)萃取,以鹽水清洗,乾燥(Na2SO4),過濾並於真空下濃縮。將粗產物以矽膠層析純化(Isco® RediSep Rf Gold 330g,0至20% EtOAc溶於己烷)。(UV陰性,以H2SO4之EtOH溶液碳化使其可視化)。將含有產物的溶離份組合並蒸發至乾,得到4-(1-(((三氟甲基)磺醯基)氧基)乙烯基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(29.1g,81mmol,73.6%產率)為無色油狀物。(LCMS和1H NMR顯示~16%的N-Boc-4-乙炔基哌啶)MS(ES)[M+H]+ 304.0(-異丁烯),283.1(-Boc)。
將經攪拌的4-甲基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜硼戊環-2-基)噻吩-3-羧酸甲酯(50g,177mmol)、4-(1-(((三氟甲基)磺醯基)氧基)乙烯基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(76g,211mmol)之1,4-二烷(450mL)溶液通入N2吹洗5min。於反應中加入Pd(PPh3)4(8g,6.92mmol)並以70℃於N2下加熱1h(劇烈氣體產出)。將反應以
EtOAc(500mL)稀釋,以水(500mL)和鹽水清洗,乾燥(Na2SO4)並於真空下濃縮。將殘餘物以矽膠層析純化(Isco® RediSep Rf Gold 330g,0至20% EtOAc/己烷),得到4-(1-(4-(甲氧基羰基)-3-甲基噻吩-2-基)乙烯基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(58.8g,161mmol,91%產率)為淡黃色油狀物。MS(ES)[M+H]+ 266.1(-Boc),[M+H]+ 278.0(-異丁烯,-MeOH),[M+H]+ 310.1(-異丁烯),[M+Na]+ 388.1。
將4-(1-(4-(甲氧基羰基)-3-甲基噻吩-2-基)乙烯基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(31.0g,85mmol)之溶液以N2蒸氣吹洗歷時10min。於吹洗後的溶液中加入(R,R)-[COD]Ir[cy2PThrePHOX](2.64g,1.527mmol)。將混合物加入H2(50psi)並震盪(Parr反應器)22h,屆時將其通過Celite®過濾並以DCM(50mL)清洗及濃縮。將殘餘物純化(330克Isco®矽膠管柱;梯度B:3-30%;A=庚烷;B=EtOAc),得到(R)-4-(1-(4-(甲氧基羰基)-3-甲基噻吩-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(30.9g,80mmol,94%產率)為濃稠油狀物。MS(ES)[M+H]+ 390.2。以對掌HPLC測定產物的光學純度為97.6% ee(Chiralpak AY-H,5微米,4.6mm x 150mm;245,250nmUV;90:10:0.1正庚烷:EtOH:異丙胺,等位,1.0mL/min)。以小分子X-光結晶學確認對應Boc-保護的胺之L-(+)-酒石酸鹽的絕對構型。
於(R)-4-(1-(4-(甲氧基羰基)-3-甲基噻吩-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(33.2g,90mmol)之溶液中加入NBS(20.9g,117mmol)。反應維持大約4h,屆時將其以水稀釋及以Et2O(1.5L)萃取。以水、鹽水沖洗有機物,以MgSO4乾燥並蒸發。將殘餘物以管柱層析純化(5至20% EtOAc/己烷),得到(R)-4-(1-(5-溴-4-(甲氧基羰基)-3-甲基噻吩-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(34g,72.4mmol,80%產率)。MS(ES)[M+H]+ 468.2,470.2(M+Na)。
於(R)-4-(1-(5-溴-4-(甲氧基羰基)-3-甲基噻吩-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(50g,112mmol)之DMF(1L)溶液中加入丙-2-烯-1-醇(0.023L,560mmol)、Bu4NCl(37.4g,134mmol)和NaHCO3(37.6g,448mmol)。將反應混合物以N2脫氣並加入Pd(OAc)2(3.77g,16.8mmol)。將反應混合物於65℃加熱2h,屆時讓其冷卻至rt。將混合物以水(1.3L)稀釋並以Et2O(2x)萃取。將組合的萃取液乾燥(MgSO4)並濃縮。將殘餘物以管柱層析純化(矽膠,10至40% EtOAc/己烷),得到(R)-4-(1-(4-(甲氧基羰基)-3-甲基-5-(3-側氧丙基)噻吩-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(42g,94mmol,84%產率)為淡黃色油狀物。MS(ES)[M+H]+ 446.2(M+Na)
464.3(M+MeCN)。
於(R)-4-(1-(4-(甲氧基羰基)-3-甲基-5-(3-側氧丙基)噻吩-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(36.3g,86mmol)之溶液中加入冷凍固體之(2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲胺(16.38g,99mmol)。將反應於r.t.保持1.5h。然後以冰浴將反應冷卻10min,屆時加入固體NaBH4(8.11g,214mmol)(一些泡沫/氣體產出)。將混合物攪拌15min。移除冰浴並將反應於r.t.攪拌2h。將反應以冰浴再冷卻並以飽和NH4Cl水溶液(200mL)進行驟冷。移除冰浴並將反應真空濃縮至~1/4體積。將混合物以飽和NH4Cl水溶液稀釋並以EtOAc(2x)萃取。將組合的有機物以飽和NH4Cl水溶液清洗,以MgSO4乾燥(攪拌15min),經由Celite®過濾並濃縮,得到(R)-4-(1-(5-(3-(((2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲基)胺基)丙基)-4-(甲氧基羰基)-3-甲基噻吩-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(55.5g,87mmol以HPLC所測之90%純度為基準,100%產率)為一油狀物。將此物質真空乾燥30min。MS(ES)[M+H]+ 574.5。
於(R)-4-(1-(5-(3-(((2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲基)胺基)丙基)-4-(甲氧基羰基)-3-甲基噻吩-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(55g,96mmol)和THF(130mL)之溶液中加入5N NaOH(192mL,959mmol)。將反應於63℃加熱22h,屆時將其真空濃縮。將殘餘物以水(400mL)和DCM(400mL)稀釋並以冰浴冷卻。於混合物中加入6N HCl(158mL,949mmol)調整pH至5-6(試紙)。充分攪拌混合物並進行分層。以DCM(200mL)萃取水層並將組合的有機物以MgSO4乾燥(攪拌30min),經由Celite®過濾及濃縮,得到(R)-5-(1-(1-(第三丁氧基羰基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-2-(3-(((2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲基)胺基)丙基)-4-甲基噻吩-3-羧酸(52.5g,87mmol,91%產率)。將殘餘物真空乾燥2h。MS(ES)[M+H]+ 560.4。
於(R)-5-(1-(1-(第三丁氧基羰基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-2-(3-(((2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲基)胺基)丙基)-4-甲基噻吩-3-羧酸(52.5g,94mmol)、EDC(21.58g,113mmol)和HOAt(15.32g,113mmol)之DMSO(400mL)溶液中加入NMM(25.8mL,234mmol)。保持反應18h,屆時將其緩慢倒入冰水中(1500mL)。將混合物劇烈攪拌(頂置式攪拌器)40min。將混合物過濾並以水清洗固體及烘乾~1h。將仍然潮濕的固體溶於DCM並以NH4Cl水溶液清洗,乾燥(Mg2SO4),經由Celite®乾燥級濃縮。將殘餘物以管柱層析純化(330 gIsco®矽膠管柱;梯度B:4-40%;A=更烷;B=3:1 EtOAc/EtOH),得到(R)-4-(1-(5-((2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-4-側氧基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧
酸第三丁酯(34.3g,60mmol,64%產率)為玻璃狀黃色固體。MS(ES)[M+H]+ 542.4.
於(R)-4-(1-(5-((2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-4-側氧基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(34.3g,63.3mmol)之MeOH(450mL)溶液中加入4N HCl之1,4-二烷溶液(222mL,886mmol)。將反應於r.t.保持1.5h,然後以70℃加熱24h。讓反應冷卻至r.t.並濃縮。將殘餘物以DCM(500mL)和水(300mL)稀釋並以濃NH4OH調整pH至約11。將混合物攪拌15min,屆時進行分層。以DCM萃取水層並將組合的有機層乾燥(Mg2SO4),過濾及濃縮。將殘餘物真空乾燥18h,得到(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮(29.3g,65.1mmol,100%產率)。MS(ES)[M+H]+ 428.3.
於(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(哌啶
-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮(1.15g,2.69mmol)之DCE(30mL)溶液中加入三甲基乙醛(0.747mL,6.72mmol)。將反應攪拌5min,屆時加入AcOH(0.308mL,5.38mmol)。15min後,加入固體NaBH(OAc)3(1.710g,8.07mmol),並將反應於r.t.攪拌18h。以DCM(20mL)和H2O稀釋反應。以sat.NaHCO3和sat.Na2CO3混合物將pH調整至10。將混合物攪拌30min及進行分層。以DCM萃取水層並將組合的有機物以Mg2SO4乾燥,過濾及濃縮。將殘餘物以管柱層析純化(40g Isco®矽膠管柱;梯度B:15-90%;A=庚烷;B=3:1 EtOAc/EtOH+1% NH4OH)。將純化的殘餘物以DCM處理並濃縮。然後以TBME處理殘餘物並濃縮(2x)。將固體進一步以45℃真空烘箱乾燥4h,得到(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮(912mg,1.777mmol,66.1%產率)。1H NMR(DMSO-d 6)δ 11.58(s,1H),5.91(s,1H),4.61(d,J=13.7Hz,1H),4.50(d,J=13.4Hz,1H),3.16-3.28(m,2H),2.75-2.90(m,2H),2.62-2.73(m,3H),1.93-2.20(m,13H),1.74(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),1.65(quin,J=6.7Hz,2H),1.33(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),1.11-1.28(m,7H),0.81(s,9H).MS(ES)[M+H]+ 498.4.
另一種選擇,實例1化合物係如下製備:
於經冷卻的(冰浴)(1,5-環辛二烯)(甲氧基)銥(I)二聚物(1.6g,2.41mmol)和4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜硼戊環(25mL,173mmol)之混合物中加入4,4'-二-第三丁基-2,2'-二吡啶基(1.3g,4.84mmol)之正己烷溶液(75mL)。攪拌1min後,加入4-甲基噻吩-3-羧酸甲酯(25g,160mmol)(看見氣體散出)。讓反應回溫至r.t.並攪
拌至隔夜。將反應濃縮並以矽膠層析純化殘餘物(0-10% EtOAc/己烷),得到4-甲基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜硼戊環-2-基)噻吩-3-羧酸甲酯(29.2g,104mmol,65%產率)為無色油狀物,將其置於真空下固化成蠟狀白色固體。MS(ES)[M+H]+ 200.9(硼酸),283.1(硼酸酯)。
於經冷卻的(-78℃)4乙醯基哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(25g,110mmol)之THF(250mL)溶液中於氮氣下逐滴加入1N第三丁基雙(三甲基矽基)醯胺之THF溶液(130mL,130mmol)。將反應於-78℃保持1h,屆時於15min內逐滴加入1,1,1-三氟-N-(吡啶-2-基)-N-((三氟甲基)磺醯基)甲磺醯胺(45g,126mmol)之THF(100mL)溶液。將反應於-78℃保持1h,及然後於0℃保持30min。將反應以冷水(500mL)進行驟冷,以EtOAc(2 x 250mL)萃取,以鹽水清洗,乾燥(Na2SO4)並濃縮。將殘餘物以矽膠層析純化(0-20% EtOAc/己烷),得到4-(1-(((三氟甲基)磺醯基)氧基)乙烯基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(28.8g,80mmol,73%產率)為無色油狀物。MS(ES)[M+H]+-異丁烯304.0,[M+H]+-Boc 260.0.
將4-甲基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜硼戊環-2-基)噻吩-3-羧酸(33g,117
mmol)、4-(1-(((三氟甲基)磺醯基)氧基)乙烯基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(50g,139mmol)和NaHCO3(30g,357mmol)溶於1,4-二烷(300mL)和水(100mL)之混合物以氮氣吹洗。於反應中加入肆(三苯基膦)鈀(0)(6.8g,5.88mmol)並於70℃於N2下加熱2h。將反應以EtOAc(300mL)稀釋,以水(300mL)和鹽水清洗,乾燥(Na2SO4)及濃縮。將殘餘物以矽膠層析純化(0-20% EtOAc/己烷),得到4-(1-(4-(甲氧基羰基)-3-甲基噻吩-2-基)乙烯基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(34.5g,81%產率)為淡黃色油狀物。MS(ES)[M+H]+-Boc 266.1,[M+H]+-異丁烯-MeOH 278.0,[M+H]+-異丁烯310.1,[M+Na]+ 388.1.
將4-(1-(4-(甲氧基羰基)-3-甲基噻吩-2-基)乙烯基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(42.7g,117mmol)和(R,R)-[COD]Ir[cy2PThrePHOX](2.83g,1.636mmol)之DCM溶液(250mL)在一Parr震盪器上於60psi氫氣壓下氫化15h。將混合物濃縮並將殘餘物以管柱層析純化(0-25% EtOAc/己烷),得到(R)-4-(1-(4-(甲氧基羰基)-3-甲基噻吩-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(38.3g,89%產率)為淡黃色油狀物。對掌HPLC(Chiralpak® AY-H,5微米(4.6mm x 150mm);240,250nm UV;1.0mL/min;90:10:0.1正庚烷:EtOH:異丙胺(等位))顯示此物質為98.5% ee。MS(ES)[M+H]+ 368.3.
於經冷卻的(0℃)(R)-4-(1-(4-(甲氧基羰基)-3-甲基噻吩-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(72.5g,200mmol)之DMF(200mL)溶液中加入NBS(49.1g,276mmol)。移除冰浴並將混合物於r.t.攪拌6h。將混合物倒入水中並以Et2O(3 x 400mL)萃取。將組合的有機物濃縮至一半體積,以二硫亞磺酸鈉水溶液清洗並濃縮至乾。將殘餘物以管柱層析純化(0-30% EtOAc/己烷),得到(R)-4-(1-(5-溴-4-(甲氧基羰基)-3-甲基噻吩-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(79.8g,91%產率)為淡黃色油狀物。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 4.24-3.99(m,2H),3.92-3.85(m,3H),2.89(dd,J=7.1,8.4Hz,1H),2.72-2.51(m,2H),2.23(s,3H),1.90-1.79(m,1H),1.54-1.48(m,1H),1.45(s,9H),1.31-1.27(m,1H),1.26-1.22(m,3H),1.20-1.02(m,2H).MS(ES)[M+H]+ 468.2,470.2(M+Na).
於(R)-4-(1-(5-溴-4-(甲氧基羰基)-3-甲基噻吩-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(44g)之MeOH(450mL)溶液中加入Darco®活性碳(40g)。將混合物以45℃加熱90min,屆時經由Celite®純化並以溫MeOH(500mL)沖洗。將濾液濃縮並將殘餘物溶於EtOAc和庚烷。將溶液濃縮並於真空下乾燥(hivac)1h,得到38g的起始物。
於(R)-4-(1-(5-溴-4-(甲氧基羰基)-3-甲基噻吩-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸(38g,85mmol)之DMF(400mL)溶液中加入丙-2-烯-1-醇(20.3mL,300mmol)、Bu4NCl(23.7g,85mmol)和Na2CO3(22.6g,213mmol)。將反應混合物以N2脫氣10-15min並加入Pd(OAc)2(2.9g,12.8mmol)。將反應容器抽真空並填入N2(3x)及於65℃加熱40min。讓反應冷卻至r.t.,倒入飽和的NH4Cl(1200mL),並以Et2O(2x)萃取。將組合的萃取液乾燥(MgSO4),經由Celite®過濾並濃縮。將殘餘物以管柱層析純化(3-25% EtOAc/庚烷s),得到(R)-4-(1-(4-(甲氧基羰基)-3-甲基-5-(3-側氧丙基)噻吩-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(26.2g,65%產率)。MS(ES)[M+H]+ 446.4(M+Na).
於(R)-4-(1-(4-(甲氧基羰基)-3-甲基-5-(3-oxo丙基)噻吩-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(20g,47mmol)之MeOH(300mL)溶液中加入冷凍固體之(2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲胺(9.4g,57mmol)。將反應於r.t.保持1.5h。然後以冰浴冷卻反應10min,屆時加入固體NaBH4(4.5g,120mmol)(劇烈冒泡/氣體產出)。將混合物攪拌15min。移除冰浴並將反應於r.t.攪拌1h。將反應以冰浴再冷卻及以飽和NH4Cl水溶液(120mL)進行驟冷。移除冰浴並將反應濃縮至~1/4體積。將混合物以飽和NH4Cl水溶液稀釋及以EtOAc(2x)萃取。將組合的有機物以鹽水清洗,以MgSO4乾燥(攪拌15min),經由Celite®過濾並濃縮,得到(R)-4-(1-(5-(3-(((2-甲
氧基-4,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲基)胺基)丙基)-4-(甲氧基羰基)-3-甲基噻吩-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(27g,99%產率)為白色泡沫。MS(ES)[M+H]+ 574.5.
於(R)-4-(1-(5-(3-(((2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲基)胺基)丙基)-4-(甲氧基羰基)-3-甲基噻吩-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(27g,47mmol)之MeOH(400mL)和THF(80mL)溶液中加入5N NaOH(93mL,470mmol)。將反應於63℃加熱18h,屆時將其濃縮。將殘餘物以水(150mL)和DCM(300mL)稀釋並以冰浴冷卻。於混合物中加入6N HCl(77mL,460mmol)調整pH至5-6。將混合物充分攪拌並進行分層。以DCM萃取水層(200mL)並將組合的有機物以MgSO4乾燥(攪拌30min),經由Celite®過濾並濃縮,得到(R)-5-(1-(1-(第三丁氧基羰基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-2-(3-(((2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲基)胺基)丙基)-4-甲基噻吩-3-羧酸(25g,80%產率)。MS(ES)[M+H]+ 560.4.
於(R)-5-(1-(1-(第三丁氧基羰基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-2-(3-(((2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲基)胺基)丙基)-4-甲基噻吩-3-羧酸第三丁酯(25.2g,45mmol)、EDC(10.4g,54mmol)和HOAt(6.74g,49.5mmol)之DMSO(200mL)溶液中加入NMM(12.4mL,113mmol)。保持反應18h,屆時將其緩慢倒入冰水(1000mL)。將混合物劇烈攪拌(頂置式攪拌器)30min。將混合物過濾並以水清洗固體及風乾20min。將仍潮濕的固體溶於DCM並以飽和NH4Cl水溶液清洗,乾燥(MgSO4),經由Celite®過濾及濃縮。將殘餘物以管柱層析純化(8-40% 3:1 EtOAc/EtOH溶於庚烷),得到(R)-4-(1-(5-((2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-4-側氧基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(18.2g,72%產率)。MS(ES)[M+H]+ 542.3.
於(R)4-(1-(5-((2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-4-側氧基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(18.2g,33.6mmol)之MeOH(200mL)溶液中加入4N HCl之1,4-二烷(126mL,504mmol)溶
液。將反應於r.t.保持15min,然後於70℃加熱30h。讓反應冷卻至r.t.並濃縮。以DCM(300mL)和水(150mL)稀釋殘餘物並以濃NH4OH調整pH至~11。將混合物攪拌15min,屆時進行分層。以DCM萃取水層(2x)並將組合的有機層乾燥(MgSO4),過濾及濃縮。將殘餘物溶於TBME(200mL)並於45℃水浴旋轉30min。有一白色固體形成。將混合物濃縮並進一步於真空下(hivac)濃縮4h,得到(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮(15.6g,106%產率)為灰白色固體,使用時無進一步純化。MS(ES)[M+H]+ 428.3.
於(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮(28g,66mmol)之DCE(400mL)溶液中加入三甲基乙醛(15mL,140mmol)。將反應攪拌3min,屆時加入AcOH(7.9mL,140mmol)。10min後,加入固體NaBH(OAc)3(41.6g,196mmol)並將反應於r.t.攪拌40h。將反應倒入冰和DCM並充分攪拌。以sat.NaHCO3和sat.Na2CO3混合物調整pH至~10。將混合物攪拌15min並進行分層。以DCM萃取水層並將組合的有機層以MgSO4乾燥,以Celite®過濾及濃縮。將殘餘物以管柱層析純化(10-80% 3:1 EtOAc/EtOH+1% NH4OH溶於庚烷)。將純化的殘餘物於真空下(hivac)乾燥18h,得到(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮
(24.5g,74%產率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)δ 0.81(s,9 H)1.07-1.29(m,6 H)1.33(d,J=9.63Hz,1 H)1.65(quin,J=6.72Hz,2 H)1.74(d,J=10.14Hz,1 H)1.92-2.05(m,3 H)2.06-2.20(m,10 H)2.62-2.73(m,3 H)2.74-2.91(m,2 H)3.16-3.29(m,2 H)4.50(d,J=13.43Hz,1 H)4.61(d,J=13.69Hz,1 H)5.90(s,1 H)11.57(s,1 H).MS(ES)[M+H]+ 498.4.
將(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮(20mg)與丙酮混合(0.2mL)。將混合物於攪拌下加熱至40℃。於溶液中加入HCl水溶液(3.0M,13μL)。將漿液以1h加熱塊於40℃至5℃之間溫度循環至隔夜。將生成的漿液於室溫下攪拌,以PLM檢查雙折射並以過濾分離,得到晶體HCl鹽(I型),將應可作為較大規模製備之晶種。
使用50mg的(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮重複此實驗並以上述I型晶型作為晶種。然而,實驗產生一新的HCl鹽晶型,命名為II型。由於I型晶種經由型轉換變成II型,及以DSC觀察到較高的吸熱,II型的HCl鹽似乎為更穩定的形式。
將(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮(462mg;0.928mmol)於與丙酮(9.0mL;20vol)於40℃攪拌下混合。將HCl水溶液(3.0M;309μL)加到溶液中,接著播入晶種晶體(II型)。在數分鐘內混合物顯現沉澱。將漿液於40℃加熱1h,然後以0.1℃/min之冷卻速率緩慢地冷卻至5℃。然後於24h期間重複此加熱-冷卻循環3次。將漿液於RT平衡1h。過濾固體,以XRPD分析濕的餅塊。將留下的固體以40℃於真空下以氮吹掃4小時。產率為89.3%(443mg;0.829
mmol)的晶體HCl鹽。
以XRPD分析晶體HCl鹽並與濕餅塊乾燥前後之II型一致。熱數據顯示至高200℃重量損失0.8%及在294℃有與分解有關的大量吸熱。PLM影像顯示小的不規則狀粒子。此物質,如離子層之分析所測,為一化學計量1:1鹽。DVS數據顯示,在第一循環從40-75% RH之間,0.5%總吸濕性。第二循環,5-80% RH,顯示中度1.0%線性吸收,接著在80-90% RH之間0.4%下降。DVS實驗後HCl鹽之XRPD數據並未顯示型式變化或晶體變化。
此物質(II型)的X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜係如圖1中所示且繞射角和d-間距的彙整係如下表I中所示。XRPD分析係於PANanalytical X’Pert Pro繞射儀在Si零背景晶片上使用X'celeratorTM RTMS(即時多條式)偵測器來進行。取得條件包括:Cu Kα照射,發生器電壓:45kV,發生器電流:40mA,步距:0.02° 2θ。入射光側之配置:固定發散狹縫(0.25°),0.04弧度滾轉器狹縫,反散射狹縫(0.25°)及10mm光束遮罩。繞射光側之配置:固定發散狹縫(0.25°)及0.04弧度滾轉器狹縫。
此物質(II型)之拉曼光譜係記錄在Nicolet NXR 9650 FT-拉曼光譜儀上,以4cm-1解析度從Nd:YVO4雷射激發(λ=1064nm)。此物質的拉曼光譜係如圖2中所示,具有在455.0、478.7、505.2、533.5、541.7、565.1、612.1、693.5、757.9、791.3、853.9、995.1、1046.7、1113.8、1148.2、1208.9、1240.9、1279.4、1315.4、
1390.2、1437.7、1473.5、1550.7、1628.2、1654.8、2735.5、2917.4和2953.0cm-1所觀察到的主要波峰。
此物質(II型)之示差掃描熱量(DSC)溫度圖係在40mL/min N2吹掃下記錄於配置有一自動取樣器和一製冷式冷卻系統之TA Instruments Q100示差掃描熱分析儀上且係如圖3所示。此實驗係使用15℃/min之加熱速率於一捲曲鋁鍋中進行。此物質(II型)之DSC溫度圖以約250℃之起始溫度時展現大量單一吸熱,約298℃之波峰溫度及195.4J/g的焓。熟習本項技術者應了解,吸熱的起始溫度、波峰溫度和焓依照實驗條件可能不同。
此物質(II型)之熱重分析(TGA)溫度圖係記錄在TA Instruments Q500熱重分析儀上且係如圖4所示。此實驗係以40mL/min N2流及15℃/min的加熱速率來進行。此物質(II型)之TGA溫度圖在最終熱分解觀察到展現一單一失重事件。失重事件係發生在30℃至200℃的溫度範圍內,約0.8%之失重。
依照實例1之通用製程,製備(R)-2-(1-(1-(環丁基甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮。1H NMR(DMSO-d 6)δ 11.58(s,1H),5.90(s,1H),4.60(d,J=13.7Hz,1H),4.50(d,J=13.7Hz,1H),3.15-3.30(m,2H),2.76-2.90(m,2H),
2.62-2.75(m,3H),2.34-2.45(m,1H),2.04-2.31(m,11H),1.90-2.02(m,2H),1.55-1.83(m,8H),1.36(d,J=12.2Hz,1H),1.05-1.31(m,7H).MS(ES)[M+H]+ 496.4.
依照實例1之通用製程,製備(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-2-(1-(1-異丁基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮。1H NMR(DMSO-d 6)δ 11.58(s,1H),5.91(s,1H),4.60(d,J=13.4Hz,1H),4.50(d,J=13.4Hz,1H),3.16-3.29(m,2H),2.79-2.93(m,2H),2.74(d,J=11.2Hz,1H),2.66(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.09-2.20(m,9H),1.95(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),1.59-1.83(m,6H),1.38(d,J=11.9Hz,1H),1.07-1.29(m,6H),0.81(d,J=6.3Hz,6H).MS(ES)[M+H]+ 484.4.
依照實例1之通用製程,製備(R)-2-(1-(1-(環戊基甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮。1H NMR(DMSO-d 6)δ 11.51-11.64(m,1H),5.91(s,1H),4.56-4.68(m,1H),4.45-4.54(m,1H),3.24(t,J=5.45Hz,2H),2.74-2.93(m,J=8.36Hz,3H),2.67(t,J=7.22Hz,2H),2.12-2.20(m,9H),1.96-2.11(m,3H),1.66(d,J=6.84Hz,8H),1.33-1.57(m,5H),1.12-1.22(m,7H).MS(ES)[M+H]+ 510.5.
依照實例1之通用製程,製備(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-2-(1-(1-(2,2-二甲基丁基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮。1H NMR(DMSO-d 6)δ 11.58(br.s.,1H),5.91(s,1H),4.56-4.66(m,1H),4.46-4.54(m,1H),3.23(d,J=13.18Hz,1H),2.74-2.87(m,J=11.41Hz,2H),
2.65-2.70(m,3H),2.16(s,3H),2.13(d,J=1.52Hz,7H),1.99(s,3H),1.74(d,J=8.87Hz,1H),1.60-1.69(m,J=6.84Hz,2H),1.33(d,J=7.86Hz,1H),1.10-1.26(m,9H),0.73-0.79(m,9H).MS(ES)[M+H]+ 512.4.
以TFA(5.12mL,66.5mmol)之DCM(17mL)溶液處理(R)-4-(1-(5-((2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-4-側氧基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-2-基)乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸第三丁酯(3.0g,5.54mmol)。維持反應3.5h。LCMS顯示留有~8%起始物。於反應中緩慢地逐滴加入更多的TFA(0.7mL)。30min後,LCMS顯示反應完成。攪拌下將反應緩慢地倒入冰、水、sat.NaHCO3之混合物。以DCM稀釋混合物並攪拌15min(經測量pH 8)。進行分層並以DCM萃取水層。將有機層
組合,乾燥(MgSO4)及濃縮,得到(R)-5-((2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮(2.7g)。MS(ES)[M+H]+ 442.2.
於(R)-5-((2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮(1.6g,3.62mmol)之CH3CN(20mL)溶液中加入2-氟-2-甲基丙基三氟甲磺酸酯(1.624g,7.25mmol)和Cs2CO3(3.54g,10.87mmol)。將混合物於50℃加熱6h,屆時將其以DCM(30mL)稀釋並過濾。將濾液濃縮並使用管柱層析純化殘餘物(0-60% EtOAc/己烷),得到(R)-2-(1-(1-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5-((2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮(1.2g)為淡棕色固體。MS(ES)[M+H]+ 516.4.
於(R)-2-(1-(1-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5-((2-甲氧基-4,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮(1.20g,2.327mmol)之1,4-二烷(12mL)溶液中加入6N HCl(3.88mL,23.27mmol)。將混合物於70℃攪拌18h。將混合物濃縮並將殘餘物溶於MeOH(10mL)。加入NaHCO3(0.586g,6.98mmol)並將混合物攪拌15min及過濾。將濾液濃縮並使用管柱層析純化殘餘物(10-80% 3:1 EtOAc/MeOH+1% NH4OH溶於庚烷),得到(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-2-(1-(1-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮(960mg,81%)為白色固體。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d 4)δ 1.23-1.51(m,12 H),1.76-1.92(m,3 H),1.95-2.13(m,2 H),2.22(s,3 H),2.28(s,3 H),2.30-2.35(m,3 H),2.38-2.43(m,1 H),2.44-2.49(m,1 H),2.78(t,J=7.35Hz,2 H),2.85-2.97(m,2 H),3.04(d,J=11.41Hz,1 H),3.35-3.43(m,2 H),4.68-4.85(m,2 H),6.15(s,1H).MS(ES)[M+H]+ 502.6.
依照實例1之通用製程,製備(R)-2-(1-(1-(環丙基甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮。1H NMR(DMSO-d 6)δ 11.58(s,1 H)5.91(s,1 H)4.40-4.66
(m,2 H)3.24(t,J=6.21Hz,2 H)2.98(d,J=11.15Hz,1 H)2.84-2.92(m,2 H)2.67(t,J=7.22Hz,2 H)2.15(d,J=10.65Hz,9 H)2.10(d,J=6.59Hz,2 H)1.61-1.86(m,5 H)1.39(d,J=11.91Hz,1 H)1.10-1.26(m,6 H)0.72-0.83(m,1 H)0.38-0.45(m,2 H)-0.01-0.06(m,2 H).MS(ES)[M+H]+ 482.4.
依照實例1之通用製程,製備(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環戊基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d 4)δ 0.90(m,3 H),1.12-1.29(m,8 H),1.29-1.45(m,3 H),1.50-1.72(m,6 H),1.76(d,J=7.86Hz,1 H),1.96-2.11(m,2 H),2.11-2.24(m,11 H),2.60-2.72(m,2 H),2.77(d,J=11.66Hz,1 H),2.81-2.93(m,2 H),3.19-3.29(m,2 H),4.50(d,J=13.69Hz,1 H),4.61(d,J=13.69Hz,1 H,),5.91(s,1 H),8.17(s,1H).MS(ES)[M+H]+ 524.4.
依照實例1之通用製程,製備(R)-2-(1-(1-(雙環[2.2.2]辛-1-基甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d 4)δ 1.32(d,J=6.84Hz,3 H),1.49-1.85(m,20 H),2.10(b,1 H),2.23(s,3 H),2.28(s,3 H),2.32(s,3 H),2.72-3.19(m,7 H),3.35-3.55(m,4 H),4.73(d,J=13.94Hz,1 H),4.82(d,J=13.94Hz,1 H),6.15(s,1 H),8.51(s,1 H).MS(ES)[M+H]+ 550.4.
於(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮(43g,91mmol)之DCE(600mL)溶液中加入1-甲基環丁基-1-甲醛(15.43g,149mmol)。將反應攪拌3min,屆時加入AcOH(10.88mL,190mmol)。8min後,加入固體NaBH(OAc)3(57.5g,272
mmol)並將反應於r.t.攪拌18h。LCMS顯示反應完成80%。於反應混合物中加入更多的NaBH(OAc)3(5g,24mmol)。1h後,LCMS顯示無變化。於混合物中加入1-甲基環丁基-1-甲醛(2g,20mmol)。將反應攪拌2h,屆時將其倒入冰和DCM中。以sat.NaHCO3和sat.Na2CO3混合物將pH調整至10。將混合物攪拌15min並進行分層。以DCM萃取水層並將組合的有機層以MgSO4乾燥,經由Celite®過濾及濃縮。將殘餘物以管柱層析純化(330g Isco®矽膠管柱;梯度B:10-80%;A=庚烷;B=3:1 EtOAc/EtOH+1% NH4OH)。將含有產物的溶離份真空濃縮直到白色固體沉澱出。加入庚烷並過濾固體。將濾液濃縮直到白色沉澱形成。過濾固體並以庚烷沖洗。將濾液濃縮三分之一倍直到白色沉澱形成,將其過濾並以庚烷沖洗。將組合的固體以真空烘箱於40℃乾燥18h,得到(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮(37.15g,71.4mmol,79%產率)。1H NMR(DMSO-d 6)δ 1.10(s,4 H)1.13-1.22(m,5 H)1.35(d,J=12.17Hz,1 H)1.51-1.60(m,2 H)1.61-1.88(m,9 H)2.04-2.21(m,11 H)2.58-2.77(m,4 H)2.84(quin,J=6.97Hz,1 H)3.14-3.29(m,2 H)4.51(d,J=13.69Hz,1 H)4.60(d,J=13.69Hz,1 H)5.90(s,1 H)11.59(s,1 H).MS(ES)[M+H]+ 510.3.
將(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮(20mg)與CH3CN(0.2mL)混合。攪拌下將混合物加熱至40℃。於漿液中加入HCl水溶液(3.0M,13μL)。將漿液在介於40℃至5℃間溫度循環3天。將混合物冷卻至4℃並於4℃保持3天。讓漿液回溫至RT並讓一部分的溶劑緩慢蒸發。將漿液於RT平衡1h,以過濾分離及以拉曼分析,得到晶體HCl鹽(I型),將應可作為較大規模製備之晶種。
將CH3CN(6.0mL,20vol)加到(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮(303.3mg,0.595mmol)中。加入1當量的HCl水溶液(198μL;3M溶液),接著晶種(I型)。將漿液從40至5℃溫度循環3天。經由真空過濾分離晶體HCl鹽,風乾30min及於真空烘箱中以40℃乾燥至隔夜。晶體HCl鹽之產率為72%(235mg,0.430mmol)。
DSC數據顯示在296.6℃開始有一尖峰吸熱(△H=136.5J/g)。TGA數據顯示200℃以下可忽略的失重。在200℃至270℃之間觀察到1.6%的失重。以離子層析(IC)確認HCl鹽之化學計量為1:1(母化合物:HCl酸)。DVS等溫圖顯示,在5-75% RH間,~0.5水氣吸收,其中從5-95% RH總計0.6%之水吸收,其顯示低的吸濕性。DVS後的樣本XRPD圖譜並未顯示晶型或結晶性之變化。於40℃真空烘箱中乾燥至隔夜亦未改變晶型。
此物質(I型)之X-光粉末繞射(XRPD)圖譜係如圖5中所示且繞射角和d-間距的彙整係如下表II中所示。XRPD分析係於PANanalytical X’Pert Pro繞射儀於Si零背景晶片上使用X'celeratorTM RTMS(即時多條式)偵測器來進行。取得條件包括:Cu Kα照射,發生器電壓:45kV,發生器電流:40mA,步距:0.02° 2θ。入射光側之配置:固定發散狹縫(0.25°),0.04弧度滾轉器狹縫,反散射狹縫(0.25°)及10mm光束遮罩。繞射光側之配置:固定發散狹縫(0.25°)及0.04弧度滾轉器狹縫。
此物質(I型)之拉曼光譜係記錄在Nicolet NXR 9650 FT-拉曼光譜儀上,以4cm-1解析度從Nd:YVO4雷射激發(λ=1064nm)。此物質的拉曼光譜係如圖6中所
示,具有在421.6、435.5、468.3、480.1、504.7、511.4、537.7、549.9、566.3、611.1、658.8、683.1、693.2、728.0、737.7、763.9、776.0、793.6、806.5、813.7、851.8、886.9、924.8、986.3、1000.6、1050.4、1115.8、1139.6、1169.2、1207.2、1226.7、1252.1、1276.7、1286.1、1312.7、1338.0、1372.6、1391.4、1427.9、1462.4、1482.4、1552.7、1595.3、1620.0、1646.7、2865.0、2921.8、2955.3、2973.3和3062.7cm-1所觀察到的主要波峰。
此物質(II型)之示差掃描熱量(DSC)溫度圖係在40mL/min N2吹掃下記錄於配置有一自動取樣器和一製冷式冷卻系統之TA Instruments Q100示差掃描熱分析儀上且係如圖3所示。此實驗係使用15℃/min之加熱速率於一捲曲鋁鍋中進行。此物質(II型)之DSC溫度圖以約265℃之起始溫度時展現大量單一吸熱,約300℃之波峰溫度及136.5J/g的焓。熟習本項技術者應了解,吸熱的起始溫度、波峰溫度和焓依照實驗條件可能不同。
此物質(II型)之熱重分析(TGA)溫度圖係記錄在TA Instruments Q500熱重分析儀上且係如圖4所示。此實驗係以40mL/min N2流及15℃/min的加熱速率來進行。此物質(II型)之TGA溫度圖在最終熱分解觀察到展現一單一失重事件。失重事件係發生在30℃至260℃的溫度範圍內,約1.6%的失重。
依照實例1之通用製程,製備(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丙基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮。1H NMR(DMSO-d 6)δ 0.11-0.33(m,4 H)0.98(s,3 H)1.07-1.28(m,6 H)1.39(d,J=12.17Hz,1 H)1.59-1.82(m,5 H)1.97-2.07(m,2 H)2.08-2.29(m,9 H)2.66(t,J=7.22Hz,2 H)2.81-2.92(m,2 H)2.97(d,J=10.39Hz,1 H)3.14-3.31(m,2 H)4.51(d,J=13.43Hz,1 H)4.60(d,J=13.69Hz,1 H)5.91(s,1 H)11.58(s,1 H).MS(ES)[M+H]+ 496.6.
文中所包含的化合物係就其抑制PRC2複合物內EZH2之甲基移轉酶活性的能力進行評估。藉由在細胞Sf9中共表現各個5成員蛋白(FLAG-EZH2、EED、SUZ12、RbAp48、AEBP2)接著共純化來製備人類PRC2複合物。酵素活性係以一鄰近閃爍分析(SPA)來測量,其中氚化的甲基基團係從3H-SAM轉移到衍生自組蛋白H3之生物素化、未甲基化的胜肽基質上的離胺酸殘基。將此等胜肽捕捉至塗覆鏈黴親和素的SPA微珠上並於ViewLux盤式判讀儀上判讀所產生的訊號。
1.以100% DMSO從固體製備10mM之化合物儲存液。
2.就各試驗化合物係在一384孔的盤中以100% DMSO建立一11-點連續稀釋(1:4稀釋,最高濃度10mM),留下第6及18行作為DMSO對照組。
3.將10nL的化合物從稀釋盤中分散至反應盤上(Corning,384-孔聚乙烯NBS,Cat# 3673)。
1.1x鹼緩衝液,50mM Tris-HCl,pH 8,2mM MgCl2:每1L的鹼緩衝液;混合1M Tris-HCl,pH 8(50mL),1M MgCl2(2mL)及蒸餾水(948mL)。
2.1x分析緩衝液:每10mL的1x分析緩衝液;混合1x鹼緩衝液(9.96mL),1M DTT(40uL)及10% Tween-20(1uL),得到終濃度50mM Tris-HCl,pH 8,2mM MgCl2,4mM DTT,0.001% Tween-20。
3.2x酵素溶液:每10mL的2x酵素溶液,;混合1x分析緩衝液(9.99mL)及3.24uM EZH25成員複合物(6.17uL),得到1nM之最終酵素濃度。
4.SPA微珠溶液:每1mL的SPA微珠溶液;混合塗覆鏈黴親和素的SPA為株(PerkinElmer,Cat# RPNQ0261,40mg)與1x分析緩衝液(1mL),得到40mg/mL之操作濃度。
5.2x基質溶液:每10mL的2x基質溶液;混合40mg/mL SPA微珠溶液(375uL)、1mM生物素化組蛋白H3K27胜肽(200uL)、12.5uM 3H-SAM(240uL;1mCi/mL)、1mM冷的SAM(57uL)及1x分析緩衝液(9.13mL),得到最終濃度0.75mg/mL之SPA微珠溶液,10uM生物素化組蛋白H3K27胜肽,0.15uM 3H-SAM(~12uCi/mL 3H-SAM),及2.85uM冷SAM。.
6.2.67x驟冷溶液:每10mL的2.67x驟冷溶液;混合1x分析緩衝液(9.73mL)和10mM冷SAM(267uL),得到100uM冷SAM之最終濃度。
1.標印10nL/孔之1000x化合物至試驗孔槽(如上所示)。
2.標印10nL/孔之100% DMSO至第6&18行(分別為高和低對照組)。
1.將5uL/孔的1x分析緩衝液分散至第18行(低對照組反應)。
2.將5uL/孔的2x基質溶液分散至第1-24行(注意:在分散成基質型儲庫之前,基質溶液應混合以確保均勻的微珠懸浮液)。
3.將5uL/孔的2x酵素溶液分散至第1-17行,第19-24行。
4.於室溫下將反應培養60min。
1.將6uL/孔的2.67x驟冷溶液分散至第1-24行。
2.將分析盤密封並以500rpm旋轉~1min。
3.於ViewLux儀器中讓測定盤適應黑暗15-60min。
1.利用613nm發射過濾器或清除過濾器(300秒曝露)於Viewlux盤式判讀儀上判讀分析盤。
就各化合物濃度計算相對於DMSO對照組之抑制百分比並將產生的值使用ABASE數據擬合套裝軟體內的標準IC50擬合參數擬合。
作為例示的化合物一般係根據上文或類似分析進行檢測並發現為EZH2之抑制劑。根據此等分析所檢測的特定生物活性係列於下表中。10nM之IC50值係表示化合物活性接近此分析的偵測極限。重複此分析運作可能產生些微不同的IC50值。
Claims (31)
- 一種根據式(I)之化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽,
其中:R1為(C1-C4)烷基或(C1-C4)烷氧基;R2為(C1-C3)烷基;及R3為(C1-C8)烷基、鹵基(C1-C8)烷基、羥基(C1-C8)烷基、(C1-C4)烷氧基(C1-C8)烷基-、(C3-C5)環烷基或(C6-C10)二環烷基,其中該(C3-C5)環烷基或(C6-C10)二環烷基各自可選擇地經一或二個獨立地選自鹵素、羥基、(C1-C4)烷氧基、(C1-C4)烷基和鹵基(C1-C4)烷基之基團取代。 - 根據請求項1之化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽,其中R1為(C1-C4)烷基。
- 根據請求項1之化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽,其中R1為甲基、乙基、正丙基或甲氧基。
- 根據請求項1之化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽,其中R1為甲基。
- 根據請求項1至4中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽,其中R2為甲基。
- 根據請求項1至5中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽,其中R3為(C1-C6)烷基、鹵基(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C5)環烷基或(C6-C10)二環烷基,其中該(C3-C5) 環烷基或(C6-C10)二環烷基各自可選擇地經一或二個獨立地選自鹵素和(C1-C4)烷基之基團取代。
- 根據請求項6之化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽,其中R3為(C1-C6)烷基或鹵基(C1-C6)烷基。
- 根據請求項6之化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽,其中R3為(C3-C5)環烷基或(C6-C10)二環烷基,其各自可選擇地係經一或二個獨立地選自鹵素和(C1-C4)烷基之基團取代。
- 根據請求項8之化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽,其中R3為(C3-C5)環烷基,其可選擇地經氟或甲基取代。
- 根據請求項1之化合物,其為:(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-新戊基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;(R)-2-(1-(1-(環丁基甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-2-(1-(1-異丁基哌啶-4-基)乙基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;(R)-2-(1-(1-(環戊基甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-2-(1-(1-(2,2-二甲基丁基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-2-(1-(1-(2-氟-2-甲基丙基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;(R)-2-(1-(1-(環丙基甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲 基環戊基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;(R)-2-(1-(1-(雙環[2.2.2]辛-1-基甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丁基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;或(R)-5-((4,6-二甲基-2-側氧基-1,2-二氫吡啶-3-基)甲基)-3-甲基-2-(1-(1-((1-甲基環丙基)甲基)哌啶-4-基)乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]氮呯-4-酮;或其醫藥上可接受鹽。
- 根據請求項1之化合物,其為:
或其醫藥上可接受鹽。 - 根據請求項11之化合物,其為游離鹼形式。
- 根據請求項11之化合物,其為一醫藥上可接受鹽之形式。
- 根據請求項1之化合物,其為
或其醫藥上可接受鹽。 - 根據請求項14之化合物,其為游離鹼形式。
- 根據請求項14之化合物,其為一醫藥上可接受鹽之形式。
- 一種醫藥組成物,其係包括根據請求項1至16中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽以及一醫藥上可接受賦形劑。
- 一種治療癌症之方法,其包括投予有此需要之人類一治療上有效量之根據請求項1至16中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽或根據請求項17之醫藥組成物。
- 如請求項18之方法,其中該癌症係由下列組成之群中選出:腦癌、膠質母細胞瘤、白血病、淋巴瘤、班揚-尚納(Bannayan-Zonana)症候群、考登氏症(Cowden disease)、Lhermitte-Duclos疾病、乳癌、發炎性乳癌、威爾姆氏腫瘤(Wilm's tumor)、尤文氏肉瘤(Ewing's sarcoma)、橫紋肌肉瘤、室管膜瘤、髓芽母細胞瘤、大腸癌、胃癌、膀胱癌、頭頸癌、腎癌、肺癌、肝癌、黑色素瘤、腎癌、卵巢癌、胰臟癌、前列腺癌、肉瘤癌、骨肉瘤癌、骨巨細胞腫瘤及甲狀腺癌。
- 如請求項18之方法,其中該癌症係由下列組成之群中選出:急性骨髓性白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病、急性淋巴母細胞白血病、慢性淋巴性白血病、骨髓增生性疾病、多發性骨髓瘤、骨髓增生不良症候群、何杰金氏症(Hodgkin's disease)及非何杰金氏淋巴瘤。
- 如請求項18之方法,其中該癌症為瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤或濾泡性淋巴瘤。
- 根據請求項1至16中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽,係用於治療。
- 根據請求項1至16中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽,係用於治療癌症。
- 根據請求項23所用之化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽,其中該癌症係由下列組成之群中選出:腦癌、膠質母細胞瘤、白血病、淋巴瘤、班揚-尚納症候群、考登氏症、Lhermitte-Duclos疾病、乳癌、發炎性乳癌、威爾姆氏腫瘤、尤文氏肉瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤、室管膜瘤、髓芽母細胞瘤、大腸癌、胃癌、膀胱癌、頭頸癌、腎癌、肺癌、肝癌、黑色素瘤、腎癌、卵巢癌、胰臟癌、前列腺癌、肉瘤癌、骨肉瘤癌、骨巨細胞腫瘤及甲狀腺癌。
- 根據請求項23所用之化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽,其中該癌症係由下列組成之群中選出:急性骨髓性白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病、急性淋巴母細胞白血病、慢性淋巴性白血病、骨髓增生性疾病、多發性骨髓瘤、骨髓增生不良症候群、何杰金氏症及非何杰金氏淋巴瘤。
- 根據請求項23所用之化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽,其中該癌症為瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤或濾泡性淋巴瘤。
- 根據請求項1至16中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受鹽於製造供治療由EZH2所媒介之病症的醫藥品的用途。
- 根據請求項27之用途,其中該病症為癌症。
- 根據請求項28之用途,其中該癌症係由下列組成之群中選出:腦癌、膠質母細胞瘤、白血病、淋巴瘤、班揚-尚納症候群、考登氏症、Lhermitte-Duclos疾病、乳癌、發炎性乳癌、威爾姆氏腫瘤、尤文氏肉瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤、室管膜瘤、髓芽母細胞瘤、大腸癌、胃癌、膀胱癌、頭頸癌、腎癌、肺癌、 肝癌、黑色素瘤、腎癌、卵巢癌、胰臟癌、前列腺癌、肉瘤癌、骨肉瘤癌、骨巨細胞腫瘤及甲狀腺癌。
- 根據請求項28之用途,其中該癌症係由下列組成之群中選出:急性骨髓性白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病、急性淋巴母細胞白血病、慢性淋巴性白血病、骨髓增生性疾病、多發性骨髓瘤、骨髓增生不良症候群、何杰金氏症及非何杰金氏淋巴瘤。
- 根據請求項28之用途,,其中該癌症為瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤或濾泡性淋巴瘤。
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| PE20161552A1 (es) | 2014-06-17 | 2017-01-11 | Pfizer | Compuestos de dihidroisoquinolinona sustituida |
| RU2017118165A (ru) * | 2014-10-28 | 2018-11-29 | Глэксосмитклайн Интеллекчуал Проперти (Но.2) Лимитед | Ингибиторы энхансера гомолога 2 zestes |
| TW201636344A (zh) | 2014-12-05 | 2016-10-16 | 美國禮來大藥廠 | Ezh2抑制劑 |
| UY36758A (es) * | 2015-06-30 | 2016-12-30 | Glaxosmithkline Ip No 2 Ltd | Inhibidores del potenciador del homólogo zeste 2 |
| TW201718598A (zh) | 2015-08-27 | 2017-06-01 | 美國禮來大藥廠 | Ezh2抑制劑 |
| US10266542B2 (en) | 2017-03-15 | 2019-04-23 | Mirati Therapeutics, Inc. | EZH2 inhibitors |
-
2017
- 2017-05-01 CA CA3023157A patent/CA3023157A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-05-01 CN CN201780038943.5A patent/CN109328188A/zh active Pending
- 2017-05-01 SG SG11201809560QA patent/SG11201809560QA/en unknown
- 2017-05-01 PE PE2018002174A patent/PE20190106A1/es unknown
- 2017-05-01 AU AU2017260854A patent/AU2017260854B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2017-05-01 JP JP2018557862A patent/JP2019516685A/ja active Pending
- 2017-05-01 EP EP17723766.6A patent/EP3452483B1/en active Active
- 2017-05-01 MX MX2018013519A patent/MX2018013519A/es unknown
- 2017-05-01 KR KR1020187034784A patent/KR20190003699A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-05-01 ES ES17723766T patent/ES2801423T3/es active Active
- 2017-05-01 US US16/097,322 patent/US10604531B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2017-05-01 CR CR20180521A patent/CR20180521A/es unknown
- 2017-05-01 WO PCT/IB2017/052523 patent/WO2017191545A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2017-05-01 BR BR112018072740-7A patent/BR112018072740A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2017-05-03 TW TW106114574A patent/TW201806955A/zh unknown
- 2017-05-03 UY UY0001037225A patent/UY37225A/es unknown
-
2018
- 2018-10-31 IL IL262701A patent/IL262701A/en unknown
- 2018-10-31 CL CL2018003121A patent/CL2018003121A1/es unknown
- 2018-10-31 CO CONC2018/0011819A patent/CO2018011819A2/es unknown
- 2018-10-31 DO DO2018000238A patent/DOP2018000238A/es unknown
- 2018-11-05 PH PH12018502314A patent/PH12018502314A1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3452483B1 (en) | 2020-04-01 |
| US20190092785A1 (en) | 2019-03-28 |
| WO2017191545A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
| AU2017260854A1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
| JP2019516685A (ja) | 2019-06-20 |
| SG11201809560QA (en) | 2018-11-29 |
| EP3452483A1 (en) | 2019-03-13 |
| CR20180521A (es) | 2019-01-15 |
| UY37225A (es) | 2017-11-30 |
| US10604531B2 (en) | 2020-03-31 |
| CA3023157A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
| BR112018072740A2 (pt) | 2019-02-19 |
| MX2018013519A (es) | 2019-03-14 |
| DOP2018000238A (es) | 2019-10-31 |
| AU2017260854B2 (en) | 2020-01-30 |
| IL262701A (en) | 2018-12-31 |
| KR20190003699A (ko) | 2019-01-09 |
| PE20190106A1 (es) | 2019-01-15 |
| CO2018011819A2 (es) | 2018-11-22 |
| CL2018003121A1 (es) | 2018-12-14 |
| CN109328188A (zh) | 2019-02-12 |
| ES2801423T3 (es) | 2021-01-11 |
| PH12018502314A1 (en) | 2019-04-15 |
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