TW201520212A - 做為tau-pet-配位體之二氮雜咔唑衍生物 - Google Patents
做為tau-pet-配位體之二氮雜咔唑衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201520212A TW201520212A TW103134795A TW103134795A TW201520212A TW 201520212 A TW201520212 A TW 201520212A TW 103134795 A TW103134795 A TW 103134795A TW 103134795 A TW103134795 A TW 103134795A TW 201520212 A TW201520212 A TW 201520212A
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- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
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- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/437—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. indolizine, beta-carboline
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- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/444—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. amrinone
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- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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Abstract
本發明係關於通式I化合物
□其中R 為氫或氚;F 為氟或18氟;或醫藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽。
式I化合物包括2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯、3H-2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯及[18F]-2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯。
該等化合物可用於結合tau聚集體及相關的β片聚集體,包括β-類澱粉聚集體或α-突觸核蛋白(synuclein)聚集體等,及成像。
Description
本發明係關於一種通式I化合物
其中R 為氫或氚;及F 為氟或18氟;或關於醫藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽。
式I化合物包括2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯、3H-2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯及[18F]-2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯。
具有相似的通用基本結構之化合物描述於WO2009/102498中,用於類澱粉沈積物之活體內成像以便診斷阿茲海默氏症(Alzheimer's disease)。並未特定描述具有3個N原子之三環化合物。
已展示本發明之化合物可用於結合tau聚集體及相關的β片聚集體,尤其包括β-類澱粉聚集體或α-突觸核蛋白聚集體,及進行成像,尤其適用於結合阿茲海默氏症患者中之tau聚集體及進行成像。
阿茲海默氏症(AD)為以認知衰退、不可逆記憶缺失、定向力障礙及語言障礙為特徵之進行性神經退化性病症(Arch.Neurol.1985,
42(11),1097-1105)。AD大腦切片之死後檢查顯露由β類澱粉(Aβ)肽組成的大量老年斑(senile plaque;SP)及由過磷酸化之tau蛋白之長絲形成的許多神經原纖維纏結(neurofibrillary tangle;NFT)。
Tau屬於微管相關蛋白家族且主要表現於神經元中,在神經元中其在微管蛋白單體組裝成微管以構成神經元微管網路作為用於軸突輸送之軌道的過程中發揮重要作用(Brain Res.Rev.2000,33(1),95-130)。Tau係自位於染色體17上之單一基因轉譯且該表現藉由交替剪接機制進行發育調控而在成人大腦中產生六種不同同功異型物,該等同功異型物可由其結合域之數目來辨別。雖然導致tau過磷酸化、錯誤摺疊及聚集之潛在機制尚未得以充分瞭解,但tau聚集體之沈積在細胞內層面上以及在大腦構形之層面上均遵循刻板的時空路徑。
與染色體17關聯之導致伴有帕金森氏症(parkinsonism)之額顳葉型癡呆(frontotemporal dementia;FTD)之tau基因突變的最新發現已鞏固歸因於tau在神經退化性病症之發病機制中的主要作用且強調以下事實:在不同神經元群體中表現的不同組tau同功異型物可導致不同病變(Biochim.Biophys.Acta 2005,1739(2)240-250)。以病理性tau積聚為特徵之神經退化性疾病稱為『tau病變』(Ann.Rev.Neurosci.2001,24,1121-1159)。除AD及FTD以外,其他tau病變包括進行性核上麻痹(progressive supranuclear palsy;PSP)、纏結顯著之癡呆(tangle-predominant dementia)、皮克氏病(Pick's disease)、額顳葉變性(frontotemporal lobar degeneration;FTLD)、唐氏綜合症(Down's syndrome)及其他。
已在新皮層區域之進行性受累與逐漸增加的癡呆嚴重性之間建立直接相關性,表明病理性tau聚集體(諸如NFT)為神經退化性過程之可靠標記。AD中之NFT受累程度係由布拉克階段(Braak stage)定義(Acta Neuropathol.1991,82,239-259)。當NFT受累主要受限於大腦之
橫嗅區時,定義為布拉克階段I及階段II,當邊緣區(諸如海馬區)受累時,診斷為階段III及階段IV,且當發現廣泛新皮層受累時診斷為階段V及階段VI。
目前,僅可能藉由生檢或剖檢材料之組織學分析來偵測tau聚集體。tau病理學之活體內成像將提供對於人類大腦中tau聚集體之沈積的新穎見解且允許非侵入性檢查tau病理學之程度、定量tau沈積隨時間之變化、評估其與認知的相關性及分析抗tau療法之功效。用於偵測活大腦中之tau聚集體的潛在配位體必須跨過血腦障壁且具有針對tau聚集體之高親和力及特異性。為此目的,成功的神經成像放射性示蹤劑必須具有適當親脂性(logD 1-3)及低分子量(<450),展示自血液及低非特異性結合的快速清除。
本申請案之目標為尋找將藉由識別腦中具有過量tau聚集體可能發展為阿茲海默氏症之潛在患者來改進診斷之成像工具。其將亦適用於監測該疾病之進行。當抗tau聚集體藥物變得可用時,使腦中之tau纏結成像可提供用於監測治療之必需工具。
本發明之另一目標為一種使tau聚集體沈積物成像之方法,其包含-將可偵測量之組合物引入哺乳動物中-允許式I化合物與tau聚集體沈積物締合足夠的時間,及-偵測與一或多種tau聚集體沈積物締合之化合物。
本發明之另一目標為一種含有式I化合物及醫藥上可接受之載劑的醫藥組合物,其可用於識別潛在患者。
與所討論之術語是否單獨或組合出現無關,本說明書中所用之一般術語應用以下定義。
如本文所使用,術語「低碳烷基」指示包括具有1-7個碳原子之直碳鏈或分支碳鏈之飽和(亦即脂族)烴基。「烷基」之實例為甲基、
乙基、正丙基及異丙基。
3H指示氚原子。
F指示氟原子或18氟原子。
術語「脫離基」指示鹵素或磺酸酯基。磺酸酯基之實例為甲苯磺酸酯基、甲磺酸酯基、三氟甲磺酸酯基、間硝基苯磺酸酯基或對溴苯磺酸酯基。
術語「醫藥學上可接受之鹽」或「醫藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽」包含具有諸如以下無機酸及有機酸之鹽:氫氯酸、硝酸、硫酸、磷酸、檸檬酸、甲酸、反丁烯二酸、順丁烯二酸、乙酸、丁二酸、酒石酸、甲烷磺酸、對甲苯磺酸及其類似物。
已發現式I化合物可用於結合tau聚集體及相關的β片聚集體,包括β-類澱粉聚集體或α-突觸核蛋白聚集體等,及成像。
本發明之一個實施例為式I化合物,該等化合物為2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯、3H-2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯及[18F]-2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯。
本發明之一個實施例為其他式I化合物,其中R為氫,該化合物為2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯。
本發明之一個實施例為其他式I化合物,其中R為氚,例如以下化合物3H-2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯。
本發明之一個實施例為其他式I化合物,其中F為18氟,例如[18F]-2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯。
若R為氚,則式I中之R的位置最可能為氚。但亦可在分子之其他位置中發現少量氚。正常情況下,僅R中之一者為氚。
式I化合物可用於結合tau聚集體、β-類澱粉聚集體、α-突觸核蛋白聚集體或亨庭頓(huntingtin)聚集體及進行成像。
式I化合物之較佳用途為用於結合阿茲海默氏症患者中之tau聚集體及進行成像。
此外,式I化合物可用於tau結合研究。
式I化合物適用於對哺乳動物之大腦中的tau聚集體進行診斷成像。
本發明亦用於對哺乳動物之大腦中的tau聚集體沈積物進行診斷成像。
本發明之式I化合物
及其醫藥學上可接受之鹽可藉由下文所描述之方法製備,該方法包含a)使式2化合物(X=Cl、Br)
與式3之適合酸或酸酯偶合
其中R'為氫或低碳烷基,以得到式I化合物
其中R為氫,
且若需要,將所得化合物轉化成醫藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽或轉化成式I化合物,其中R為氚,或b)使式4化合物
與選自氟化鉀或氟化四丁基銨之適合的氟化試劑偶合,以得到式I化合物
其中取代基R為氫且若需要,將所得化合物轉化成醫藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽或轉化成式I化合物,其中R為氚c)使式I化合物
其中R為氫,與氚氣在例如含有銥、釕、銠或鈀之錯合物之催化劑存在下於例如二氯甲烷、氯苯、DMF、DMSO或其混合物之適合溶劑中反應以得到式I化合物
其中R為氚,且若需要,將所得化合物轉化成醫藥學上可接受之
酸加成鹽,或d)將式10化合物
溶解於二甲亞碸中且在用水性[18]氟離子轟擊結束之前進行音波處理以得到式I化合物
且若需要,將所得化合物轉化成醫藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽。
以下流程1-2更詳細地描述式I化合物之製備方法。起始物質為已知化合物或可根據此項技術中已知之方法來製備。
可以連續或彙集合成途徑進行本發明之式I化合物之製備。進行所得產物之反應及純化所需之技能對熟習此項技術者而言為已知的。除非有相反指示,否則用於該等方法之以下描述的取代基及指數具有之前本文中所給出之意義。
更詳言之,式I化合物可藉由以下所給出之方法、藉由實例中所給出之方法或藉由類似方法來製造。個別反應步驟之適當反應條件對熟習此項技術者而言為已知的。然而,反應順序不限於流程1-2中所顯示之順序,視起始物質及其相應的反應性而定,反應步驟之順序可自由改變。起始物質為市售的或可藉由類似於以下所給出之方法的方法、藉由說明書中所引用之文獻中或實例中所描述之方法或藉由此項技術中已知之方法來製備。
流程1
根據流程1,式I化合物,其中R為氫,可以受保護之4-胺基-吡啶5(X=Cl、Br)及2,6-二-鹵化吡啶酸6(R'=H、低碳烷基)為起始物來製備。過渡金屬催化之交叉偶合條件使用例如Pd(OAc)2與PPh3之催化劑系統及例如三乙胺之鹼在如DMF之適合溶劑中產生二吡啶7。可如一鍋式程序,使用例如碳酸鉀之鹼及例如18-冠-6之活化劑在如DMF之適合溶劑中執行保護基脫除及分子內環化且得到1,6-二氮雜咔唑中間物2。可使用適當吡啶酸3、例如Pd(dppf)Cl2之催化劑及例如碳酸鉀之鹼在如DMF之適合溶劑中藉由直接過渡金屬催化之交叉偶合反應實現最終轉化成式I化合物。或者,首先經由與例如二碳酸二第三丁酯之適合試劑在例如DMF之適合溶劑中反應將1,6-二氮雜咔唑2轉化成受保護之中間物8,隨後使用適當吡啶酸3、例如Pd(dppf)Cl2
之催化劑及例如碳酸鉀之鹼在如DMF之溶劑中進行過渡金屬催化之交叉偶合反應,得到中間物9。接著保護基脫除產生式I化合物。
根據流程2,式I化合物,其中R為氫,可藉由處理式4(X=Br、Cl、硝基)化合物製備;根據描述於流程1中的式I化合物之合成,使用例如氟化鉀或氟化四丁基銨之適合的氟化試劑在例如DMF或DMSO之適合溶劑中,製備。
R為氚或F為18F的式I化合物
可以如特定實例中所描述的習知方式來製備。式I化合物不同時含有氚及18F。
若需要,可藉由任何合適之分離或純化程序,諸如過濾、萃取、結晶、管柱層析、薄層層析、厚層層析、製備型低壓或高壓液相層析或此等程序之組合,來執行本文所描述之化合物及中間物之離析及純化。適合之分離及離析程序之特定說明可由參照下文之製備及實例發現。然而,當然亦可使用其他等效分離或離析程序。可使用對掌性HPLC分離式I對掌性化合物之外消旋混合物。
式I化合物為鹼性且可轉化為相應的酸加成鹽。該轉化係藉由用
至少化學計量之適當酸(諸如氫氯酸、氫溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸及其類似物)及有機酸(諸如乙酸、丙酸、乙醇酸、丙酮酸、草酸、蘋果酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、順丁烯二酸、反丁烯二酸、酒石酸、檸檬酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、杏仁酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、對甲苯磺酸、柳酸及其類似物)處理完成。通常,將游離鹼溶解於惰性有機溶劑(諸如乙醚、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、乙醇或甲醇及其類似物)中,且將酸添加於相似溶劑中。使溫度維持在0℃與50℃之間。所得鹽自發地沈澱或可藉由添加較少極性溶劑沈澱。
式I之鹼性化合物之酸加成鹽可藉由用至少化學計量當量的適合鹼(諸如氫氧化鈉或氫氧化鉀、碳酸鉀、碳酸氫鈉、氨及其類似物)處理轉化為相應自由鹼。
根據下文提出之測試來研究該等化合物。
此活體外結合分析評估化合物對天然tau聚集體之親和力。將該等化合物與公認之tau特異放射性配位體[3H]T808共同培育且使用人類阿茲海默氏症(AD)腦切片藉由活體外自動放射攝影術測定[3H]T808結合之化合物的置換效能(參見圖B)。
AD人類大腦購自Banner Sun Health Research Institute(Sun City,AZ,USA)。基於神經病理學資料根據標準NIA-Reagan研究所準則進行AD之病理性診斷。放射性配位體[3H]T808為內部合成的([3H]-2-[4-(2-氟-乙基)-哌啶-1-基]-苯并[4,5]咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶,放射化學純度為99.0%)。作為參考,使用冷T808(2-[4-(2-氟-乙基)-哌啶-1-基]-苯并[4,5]咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶)。就自動放射攝影術而言,將FujiFilm成像板(BAS-IP TR 2025)曝露於切片且用FujiFilm IP讀取器(BAS-5000)讀取。
使用在-17℃腔室溫度及-15℃物件溫度下之低溫恆溫器(Leica CM3050)產生10μm厚的人類AD大腦切片。將切片轉移至Histobond+顯微鏡載片(Marienfeld Laboratory Glasware)。在室溫下乾燥3小時之後,將切片在-20℃下儲存。切片與放射性配位體(10nM)及相應冷化合物(以各種濃度)在室溫下於50mM的Tris緩衝液pH 7.4中一起培育30min。在4℃下於50mM的Tris緩衝液pH 7.4中洗滌3×10min及在4℃下3次快速浸於蒸餾水中之後,,將切片在4℃下乾燥3h。將切片置放於FujiFilm盒子(BAS 2025)中,藉由成像板曝露五天且然後用25μM每像素之解析度來掃描。
藉由軟體MCID分析(版本7.0,Imaging Research Inc.)定量自動放射攝影之關注區域(ROI)中的信號強度(Dens-PSL/mm2)。藉由減去白質中之非特異性結合信號來計算在化合物不存在或存在下之[3H]T808結合之特異性結合(SB),因此產生SB僅[3H]T808及SB化合物。各種化合物之%置換計算如下:%置換=100-(SB化合物/SB僅[3H]T808)*100。
在各實驗中,冷T808用作陽性內部對照物。預期等莫耳量之熱及冷T808之共同培育將降低特異性結合大致50%。
A.K. Szardenings et al. 『Imaging agents for detecting neurological disorders』. US Patent Application US20110182812
W. Zhang et al., 『A highly selective and specific PET tracer for imaging of tau pathologies』. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 31 (2012) 601-612。
與自布拉克V階段AD患者獲得的人類皮層大腦切片一起培育之3H-2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯之自動放射攝影。放射性配位體濃度為3.2nM。放射性配位體展示分層分佈圖案中之tau聚集體的點狀染色。
式I化合物及其醫藥學上可接受之鹽可用於形成醫藥製劑。醫藥製劑可以注射溶液之形式投與。
式I化合物及其醫藥學上可接受之鹽可經醫藥學上惰性、無機或有機載劑處理用於醫藥製劑之生產。用於生產溶液及糖漿之適合載劑為例如水、多元醇、蔗糖、轉化糖、葡萄糖及其類似物。佐劑,諸如醇、多元醇、甘油、植物油及其類似物,可(但通常不必需)用於式I化合物之水可溶鹽的注射水溶液。栓劑之適合載劑為例如天然或硬化油、蠟、脂肪、半液體或液體多元醇及其類似物。
此外,醫藥製劑可含有防腐劑、增溶劑、穩定劑、濕潤劑、乳化劑、甜味劑、著色劑、調味劑、用於改變滲透壓之鹽、緩衝劑、掩蔽劑或抗氧化劑。其亦可仍含有其他治療學上有價值的物質。
劑量可在寬界限內變化且當然將適合各具體情況中之個別要求。
抽空預加熱之燒瓶且用氬氣回填數次且在氬氣氛圍下裝入3-碘吡啶-4-基胺基甲酸第三丁酯(4.56g,14.2mmol)、2,6-二氯吡啶-3-基酸(5.46g,28.4mmol)、Pd(OAc)2(320mg,1.42mmol)及三苯膦(371mg,1.41mmol)。添加含三乙胺(4.32g,5.94mL,42.7mmol)之DMF(137mL)且將反應混合物加熱至100℃且攪拌3h。幾乎完全蒸發溶劑。添加水且用乙酸乙酯萃取粗產物懸浮液兩次。用水洗滌經合併之有機層(3×),經Na2SO4乾燥,過濾且蒸發溶劑。用二氯甲烷研磨粗產物得到1.92g所要產物。蒸發二氯甲烷相且藉由急驟層析(使用矽膠及乙酸乙酯/庚烷梯度)純化以產生總計3.39g(約90%純度,63%產率)之呈淡黃色固體狀的N-[3-(2,6-二氯-3-吡啶基)-4-吡啶基]胺基甲酸第三丁酯。
MS:m/z=340.1(M+H)+。
在氬氣氛圍下將N-[3-(2,6-二氯-3-吡啶基)-4-吡啶基]胺基甲酸第三丁酯(264mg,776μmol)、碳酸鉀(215mg,1.55mmol)及18-冠-6(226mg,854μmol)於DMF(15.8mL)中之懸浮液加熱至100℃且攪拌3h。添加水且用乙酸乙酯萃取粗產物懸浮液兩次。用水(兩次)、鹽水
洗滌經合併之有機層,經Na2SO4乾燥,過濾且蒸發溶劑。用少量甲醇研磨粗產物得到呈淡黃色固體狀之2-氯-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯(105mg,63%產率)。
MS:m/z=204.3(M+H)+。
將氫化鈉(26.5mg,607μmol)於無水DMF(1.5mL)中之懸浮液冷卻至0℃且在氬氣下添加2-氯-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯(103mg,506μmol)於無水DMF(3.0mL)中之溶液。在0℃下持續攪拌10min且在室溫下維持30min。在冷卻至0℃後,添加二碳酸二第三丁酯(132mg,141μL)於無水DMF(0.75mL)中之添加物,且在室溫下持續攪拌隔夜。添加水且用乙酸乙酯萃取反應混合物兩次。用水(兩次)及鹽水洗滌經合併之有機層,經Na2SO4乾燥,過濾且蒸發。在藉由急驟層析(使用矽膠及甲醇/二氯甲烷梯度)純化之後得到呈灰白色固體狀之2-氯-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯-9-甲酸第三丁酯(113mg,73.5%)。
MS:m/z=304.1(M+H)+。
在氬氣氛圍下將2-氯-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯-9-甲酸第三丁酯(100mg,329μmol)、2-氟-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼-2-基)吡啶(147mg,658μmol)、碳酸鉀(137mg,988μmol)及1,1'-雙(二苯基膦基)二茂鐵-二氯化鈀(II)二氯甲烷錯合物(10.8mg,13.2μmol)裝入微波容器且密封該容器,抽空且用氬氣回填。添加DMF(7mL)且將反應混合物加熱至90℃且攪拌17h。過濾反應混合物。向濾液中添加水且用乙酸乙酯萃取反應混合物兩次。用水洗滌經合併之有機層(3×),經Na2SO4乾燥,過濾且蒸發。用少量甲醇研磨粗產物混合物得
到呈淡紅色固體狀之2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯(m/z=265.1(M+H)+)(23mg,具有80%純度,21%)。蒸發液體且藉由急驟層析(使用矽膠及甲醇/二氯甲烷梯度)純化以得到呈灰白色固體狀之2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯-9-甲酸第三丁酯(12mg,10%)。
MS:m/z=365.2(M+H)+。
在室溫下攪拌2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯-9-甲酸第三丁酯(22mg,60.4μmol)及三氟乙酸(33.3μL,432μmol)於二氯甲烷(0.5mL)中之淡黃色溶液隔夜。在冷卻至0℃之後添加三乙胺(70μL,503μmol)且移除所有揮發物。藉由製備型HPLC(使用Gemini C18管柱及具有0.1%三乙胺/乙腈梯度之水)純化粗物質以得到呈灰白色固體狀之2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯(14mg,88%)。
MS:m/z=265.1(M+H)+。
在2ml氚化燒瓶中,將2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯(2.0mg,7.6μmol;實例1)及克拉布特利催化劑(Crabtree's catalyst)(9.14mg,11.4μmol)溶解於二氯甲烷(0.8mL)及DMF(0.2mL)中。將燒瓶附接至氚歧管(RC-TRITEC)且藉由冷凍-抽吸-解凍來脫氣。引入氚氣,且在450mbar下於氚之氛圍中劇烈攪拌淡橙色溶液4小時。藉由液態氮冷卻該溶液且反應容器中之過量氚氣
再吸附於鈾截留器作為廢料氚。將溶劑凍乾去除且使用9:1乙醇與水之混合物(3×1mL)及甲苯(2×1mL)藉由凍乾移除不穩定氚。將剩餘微棕色油溶解於乙醇(1.5mL)中且在SCX-2陽離子交換器上將其轉移。用MeOH(10mL)溶離剩餘催化劑且丟棄,且用含NH3之MeOH(3.5N,10mL)溶離產物,分別收集且在減壓下濃縮。使用乙腈、水及pH 7之緩衝液作為溶離劑藉由製備型HPLC(XBridge Prep,5μm,10×250mm)純化粗產物。如藉由MS譜測定法測定,獲得37MBq(1mCi)具有99%的放射化學純度及936GBq/mmol(25.3Ci/mmol)的放射性比度之標題化合物。將化合物以pH 7之緩衝液/DMSO溶液形式儲存。
MS:m/z=265.1[M+H]+,267.1[M(3H1)+H]+,269.1[M(3H2)+H]+。
在50mL燒瓶(蒸發且用Ar淨化)中,組合2-氯-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯-9-甲酸第三丁酯(285mg,938μmol)、2-硝基吡啶-5-酸頻哪醇酯(469mg,1.88mmol)、1,1'-雙(二苯基膦基)二茂鐵-二氯化鈀(II)二氯甲烷錯合物(34.5mg,42.2μmol)及K2CO3(389mg,2.81mmol)。添加DMF(24mL)且將管密封,蒸發且用Ar淨化。將反應混合物加熱至90℃且攪拌18h。經由矽藻土且隨後經由小矽膠墊
(中性,60A,網孔32-63)過濾,隨後用足夠DMF沖洗且蒸發至乾燥。將棕色固體溶解於DMF(20mL)中且添加DMSO直至得到幾乎澄清溶液。在過濾之後,將溶劑蒸發至幾乎乾燥。藉由製備型HPLC純化得到呈黃色固體狀之標題化合物(37mg,13%)。MS m/z:292.2[M+H]+。
將前驅體(0.7±0.3mg)溶解於400μL二甲亞碸中且在轟擊結束(EOB)之前進行音波處理。在EOB時,在離子交換柱上截獲由富含[18O]之水之質子轟擊產生的水性[18F]氟離子。用Krytpofix 2.2.2/碳酸鉀(48mg Kryptofix 2.2.2及10mg碳酸鉀溶解於600μL的1:1乙腈:水中)之150μL儲備溶液、隨後250μL乙腈將離子交換柱溶離至反應瓶中。在110℃下經由氮氣流將氟化物溶液蒸發至乾燥且進一步藉由兩次添加乙腈(每次250μL)進行共沸乾燥。將反應瓶遠程轉移至微波空腔(共振儀器)且藉由壓縮空氣冷卻2分鐘。添加前驅體且接著在50瓦下微波240秒,在其之後用1mL水使溶液驟冷。
反應溶液經3mL三乙胺(TEA)緩衝液(pH 7.2)稀釋,接著將其注入半製備型HPLC管柱(XBridge C18,10μm,10×150 mm)中,用15:85甲醇:TEA緩衝液(pH 7.2)以15mL/min進行溶離。
在254nm及在線放射性偵測器下監測HPLC流出物。觀測半製備型層析圖且將[18F]-產物峰收集於50mL水中且使用自動SPE模組再調配。經由Waters C-18 SepPak Plus溶離產物溶液,用10mL之Milli-Q水洗滌,接著用1mL絕對乙醇隨後10mL生理鹽水經由0.22μm Millipore FG滅菌過濾器將其溶離至最終產物瓶中。
自最終瓶移出等分試樣用於品質控制分析。在350nm下對用40:60甲醇:TEA緩衝液(pH 7.2)以2mL/min溶離之分析型HPLC(XBridge C18,3.5μm,4.6×100mm)進行監測以測定放射化學純度及化學純度、放射性比度及化學特性。
[18F]-2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯之57分鐘放射合成產生330.5mCi、26.1%(n=2)非衰減校正之產率之平均最終產物。最終產物具有24,684mCi/μmol之平均放射性比度及99%之放射化學純度。
圖A:與自布拉克V階段AD患者獲得的人類皮層大腦切片一起培育之3H-2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯之自動放射攝影。
圖B:使用人類阿茲海默氏症(AD)大腦切片藉由活體外自動放射攝影術測定之[3H]T808結合之化合物的置換效能。
Claims (10)
- 一種式I化合物,
其中R 為氫或氚;F 為氟或18氟;或醫藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽。 - 如請求項1之式I化合物,該等化合物為2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯3H-2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯及[18F]-2-(6-氟-吡啶-3-基)-9H-二吡啶并[2,3-b;3',4'-d]吡咯。
- 一種製造如請求項1或2中任一項之式I化合物之方法,該方法包含a)使式2化合物(X=Cl、Br)
與式3之適合酸或酸酯偶合 其中R'為氫或低碳烷基,得到式I化合物 其中R為氫,且若需要,將該所得化合物轉化成醫藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽或轉化成式I中R為氚之化合物,或b)使式4化合物 與選自氟化鉀或氟化四丁基銨之適合氟化試劑偶合,得到式I化合物 其中該取代基R為氫且若需要,將該所得化合物轉化成醫藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽或轉化成式I中R為氚之化合物,c)使式I化合物 其中R為氫,與氚氣在銥、釕、銠或鈀催化劑存在下於選自二氯甲烷、氯苯、DMF、DMSO或其混合物之適合溶劑中反應,得到式I化合物 其中R為氚,且若需要,將該等所得化合物轉化成醫藥學上可 接受之酸加成鹽,或d)將式10化合物 溶解於二甲亞碸中且在用水性[18]氟離子轟擊結束之前進行音波處理,得到式I化合物 且若需要,將該等所得化合物轉化成醫藥學上可接受之酸加成鹽。 - 如請求項1或2中任一項之式I化合物,其用於結合tau聚集體、β-類澱粉聚集體或α-突觸核蛋白(synuclein)聚集體及成像。
- 如請求項1或2中任一項之式I化合物,其用於結合阿茲海默(Alzheimer)症患者中之tau聚集體及成像。
- 如請求項1或2中任一項之式I化合物,其用於tau結合研究。
- 如請求項1或2中任一項之式I化合物,其用於哺乳動物腦中的tau聚集體之診斷成像。
- 一種醫藥製劑,其包含如請求項1或2中任一項之式I化合物及醫藥上可接受之載劑。
- 一種如請求項1或2中任一項之式I化合物之用途,其用於製造如請求項8之醫藥製劑,其中如請求項8之製劑係應用於使tau聚集體沈積物成像之方法,其中該方法包含將可偵測量之如請求項8之製劑引入哺乳動物中;允許該式I化合物與tau聚集體沈積物締合足夠的時間,及 偵測與一或多種tau聚集體沈積物締合之該化合物。
- 一種如請求項1或2中任一項之化合物之用途,其用於製造使哺乳動物腦中的tau聚集體沈積物診斷成像之藥劑。
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI839341B (zh) * | 2018-01-24 | 2024-04-21 | 英商生命分子影像有限公司 | 製備顯像化合物之新穎方法 |
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