TW201408336A - 含奈帕坦特之小兒口服液體組成物 - Google Patents
含奈帕坦特之小兒口服液體組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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Abstract
本發明係關於口服液體醫藥組成物,其含有作為活性成份之奈帕坦特(Nepadutant)、作為增溶劑之PGS及視情況存在之螯合劑。發現該等組成物極穩定且適用於治療小兒腸胃疾病。
Description
本發明係關於含有速激肽NK2受體拮抗劑,亦即奈帕坦特(Nepadutant)的新穎醫藥組成物,奈帕坦特極微溶於水溶液中。
此等醫藥組成物為穩定溶液,設計用於口服投予活性成份且較佳預期用於新生兒及嬰兒之小兒腸胃疾病。組成物之高穩定性係由於使用TPGS作為增溶性添加劑,視情況添加螯合劑。
與動物組織之大部分製備(其中需要阻斷NK1與NK2受體以獲得針對速激肽誘發之致攣效應(spasmogenic effect)的更有效拮抗作用)中所發生的相反,在包括製備經分離之人體腸道的其他製備中,NK2受體之拮抗劑針對外源性或內源性速激肽誘發之致攣效應已充分有效。
除在調節腸蠕動時之刺激作用以外,速激肽NK2受體之活化亦觸發針對腸道壁的內源性及外源性抑制機制(Giuliani等人,J.Pharmacol.Exp Ther.246:322-327(1988))。此外,NK2速激肽受體調節腸道通透性(Hallgren等人,Am.J.Physiol.273:G1077-G1086(1997))且亦牽涉調節大鼠及人體之腸上皮中之水及離子的分泌((Tough等人,Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol.367:104-108(2003))及調節內臟敏感度(Julia等人,Gastroenterology 107:94-102(1994)),尤其當主動性發炎狀態或發炎前狀態或緊張情形改變時。
速激肽之此等醫藥學態樣已表明,評估速激肽NK2受體之選擇性拮抗劑可開發出針對以腸蠕動失調及內臟超敏反應為特徵之腸胃疾病之藥物,諸如例如成人之大腸急躁症(Lecci等人,Curr.Opin.Invest Drugs 3:589-601(2002))。
奈帕坦特為具有式(I)之速激肽NK2受體的選擇性拮抗劑,其原先描述於EP815126中。其為雙環六肽,具有極佳安全特徵及耐受性。
NK2拮抗劑奈帕坦特可鑑別為[N4-(2-乙醯胺基-2-去氧-β-D-葡萄哌喃糖基)-L-天冬醯胺醯基-L-α-色胺酸-L-苯丙胺醯基-L-2,3-二胺基丙醯基-L-白胺醯基]-C-4.2-N-3.5-內醯胺-C-1.6-N-2.1-內醯胺或環[3-胺基-L-丙胺醯基-L-白胺醯基-N-[2-(乙醯胺基)-2-去氧-β-D-葡萄哌喃糖基]-L-天冬醯胺醯基-L-α-天冬胺醯基-L-色胺酸-L-苯丙胺醯基](4→1)-內醯胺(9CI)(CAS RN:183747-35-5)(或者稱為MEN11420)。
奈帕坦特在各種活體外及活體內模型中及在人體中已展示逆轉腸道中NK2受體活化之副作用(諸如內臟痛覺過敏或腸蠕動變化)的良好活性。
最近已發現與在成年動物中所發現的相反,當經口投予新生動物(大鼠或小鼠)時,奈帕坦特被吸收。
另外,奈帕坦特經口投予新生大鼠能夠在其投予之後長達
24小時阻斷NK2受體活化所誘導之腸道轉運增強,而不改變基本參數。另外已證實奈帕坦特在新生大鼠之痛覺過敏模型中有效。
如WO2006045820中所主張,此等結果表明奈帕坦特即使在新生兒中仍具有口服潛在生物可用性且因此在臨床中使用奈帕坦特對症治療腸胃失調(例如嬰兒腸絞痛(infantile colic))。
EMA推薦對新生兒及嬰兒(乳嬰)(28日至23個月)使用口服溶液作為較佳劑型(EMEA/CHMP/PEG/194810/2005)。另一方面,非經腸調配物(例如靜脈內)為強烈禁忌的,尤其對於非危及生命的疾病。因此,必需開發用於小兒腸胃疾病的奈帕坦特口服溶液。
奈帕坦特難溶於含水介質中且具有苦味。另外,其在乾燥狀態下穩定,但奈帕坦特溶液對氧化分解敏感。
WO2006045820中描述呈液體形式之含有小兒奈帕坦特的醫藥組成物(第7-8頁,實施例1-4),且該等組成物之特徵為使用聚山梨醇酯作為增溶劑;該等組成物在室溫下或在高溫下之有限儲存期似乎不完全令人滿意。
EP1464341描述包含TPGS(維生素E TPGS 1000,亦稱為d-α生育酚聚乙二醇1000丁二酸酯)及抗氧化活性成份泛醌之眼用溶液/乳液。泛醌、TPGS及抗壞血酸基-2-磷酸鎂之組合展示協同抗氧化效果。然而,其未描述對作為含TPGS溶液中之速激肽NK2受體拮抗劑的任何活性成份的任何抗氧化效果。
WO97/35587中揭示形成含有HIV蛋白酶抑制劑、TPGS及與TPGS可混溶之親水性非水溶劑的液體調配物,其較佳用於填充軟明膠膠囊。調配物展示HIV蛋白酶抑制劑之較高生物可用性。非水溶劑對此調配物至關重要。
WO99/26607描述基於液晶結構之分配系統,在該系統中藥
物直接溶解於TPGS中。為使藥物維持溶解狀態,環孢靈(cyclosporine)與TPGS一起之固態結構不需要存在或不存在乳化劑、共溶劑、界面活性劑或其他增溶劑。諸如控制釋放膠囊、錠劑、丸劑之所得產物為固態口服劑型。由於TPGS用作唯一溶劑,因此需要高量TPGS(50%至99.9%)。
美國專利5,583,105描述在親脂性及/或兩性溶劑中含有活性成份環孢靈之預濃縮乳液。在此組成物中,TPGS作為油脂之乳化劑、佐劑及抗氧化劑而提及。未主張對藥學活性成份且尤其對NK2受體拮抗劑之抗氧化效果。
WO2006036614描述適用於固體調配物之材料,如界面活性劑。將蠟質稠度之TPGS原料轉化為可併入例如錠劑中之恰當成形固體。未描述使用固態形式製備溶液及/或乳液。
EP1216025描述使用大範圍TPGS作為固體調配物中之界面活性劑(0.1%至90%),該等調配物包含可溶於水中之分散劑及可溶於脂質介質中之化合物作為脂肪酶抑制劑。將固化混合物裝入HPMC膠囊中,該等膠囊顯示效率及功效之提高。
WO9531217中提及局部使用之調配物,其含有TPGS及α-生育酚層以溶解或乳化水不溶性藥物。
TPGS係描述為應用於在酸性環境中形成且穩定雙層脂質體的穩定劑(US5,364,631)。
WO9808490中描述經共沈澱以用於口服傳遞具有不佳生物處理能力之親脂性物質之固體的製備。對乾燥粉末進行傳遞測試。
本發明係關於含有奈帕坦特及TPGS之穩定口服液體醫藥組成物,其甚至用於出生至一歲,且較佳為出生至6個月之年齡段的新生兒及嬰兒(幼嬰)的小兒治療。
TPGS為具有增溶劑和抗氧化活性之物質,因此充當對氧化高度不穩定之物質的穩定劑。此外,TPSG為基本上無味的且因此用於新生兒及幼嬰合適且可接受。出人意料地,使用TPGS產生溶解及抗氧化作用,從而可獲得透明、穩定奈帕坦特溶液且自感官視角可接受。因此,產生穩定液體調配物不需要TPGS常用之其他賦形劑,諸如親脂性或親水性非水溶劑或共溶劑、親脂性抗氧化劑相等。
因此本申請案之目標為包含奈帕坦特作為活性成份及TPGS作為添加劑的含水液體口服醫藥組成物。
在本發明之一個特定具體實例中,組成物含有TPGS作為唯一增溶劑及/或穩定添加劑。
在本發明之另一具體實例中,組成物可進一步包含螯合劑。
在本發明之另一具體實例中,除TPGS以外,組成物包含醫藥學上可接受的其他賦形劑。
本發明之第二目標為含有奈帕坦特、TPGS及視情況存在之螯合劑及視情況存在之其他賦形劑的組成物,其適用於新生兒或幼嬰之小兒治療,特定言之用於小兒腸胃疾病之治療。
本申請案之另一目標為製備本發明之組成物的方法。
針對小兒所設計之調配物應呈口服投予之液體劑型。
純化水為適合於小兒調配物之溶劑。然而,由於奈帕坦特之水溶解度不佳,因此為溶解醫藥學上有效之量,必需使用至少一種增溶劑、界面活性劑或乳化劑。
由於大部分增溶劑/界面活性劑或乳化劑產生副作用,因此適用於小兒調配物的增溶劑、界面活性劑或乳化劑很少。
極有用之增溶劑為泊洛沙姆(Poloxamer)型聚合物,例如泊洛沙姆188®(泊洛沙姆188定性素表示聚氧丙烯與聚氧乙烯之間的共聚
物且聚氧丙烯之分子質量為約1800g/mol,聚氧乙烯含量80% w/w)。然而,使用泊洛沙姆188已不可能使奈帕坦特在水中達成所需增溶(表1)。
聚山梨醇酯在口服、局部調配物中廣泛用作諸如增溶劑且甚至在非經腸調配物中亦如此。在歐洲,聚山梨醇酯作為食品添加劑亦已接受(E433)。奈帕坦特與聚山梨醇酯80之組成物的典型實例為WO2006045820中所述者(例如第7-8頁上之1-4)。聚山梨醇酯之缺點為賦形劑之苦味。使用調味劑及/或甜味劑遮蔽活性成分及/或賦形劑之苦味為小兒口服調配物中主要使用之方法,其中通常鑑別樹莓及奶油芳香劑為遮蔽味道、產生較佳味覺之可能賦形劑。然而,含有聚山梨醇酯奈帕坦特之調配物在室溫下的穩定性證明不佳。
為提高含有奈帕坦特之溶液的穩定性,必須在諸如氮氣及氬氣之惰性氣體存在下在除氣條件下進行調配物之包裝及填充多劑量容器的程序。此等條件代表包裝工業方法中的其他問題:總成本遞增且不足以完全防止含有聚山梨醇酯之調配物的不穩定性。
除氣條件之可能替代方案可為使用抗氧化劑。因此,已研究含有不同抗氧化劑之各種組成物。
已分析不同標準抗氧化劑及其混合物對含有聚山梨醇酯80作為增溶劑之0.4mg/mL奈帕坦特口服溶液之小兒調配物之穩定性的影響
(表2)。
在加速條件(40℃/75% RH)下儲存2個月之後測定奈帕坦特含量(表3、4)。與不添加抗氧化劑之參考調配物相比,含有檸檬酸之調配物出人意料地顯示奈帕坦特含量顯著減少(表3)。此等結果可由調配物pH自pH 5顯著減少至約pH 3造成。
對於含有乙二胺四乙酸鈉之調配物,已發現對奈帕坦特含量之穩定性提高無影響。然而,含有沒食子酸丙酯(所謂「超抗氧化劑」)及沒食子酸丙酯與乙二胺四乙酸鈉之混合物的調配物顯示奈帕坦特穩定性顯
著提高。
然而,沒食子酸由於已知容易導致血液病症變性血紅素血症(methemoglobinemia)而禁止用於嬰兒及幼兒食品中。已發現與含有抗氧化劑之氫硫化鈉及氫硫化鈉混合物的不相容性。發現奈帕坦特調配物之初始濃度為所稱奈帕坦特含量的約20%(表4)。
使用本發明之TPGS提供與先前技術之組成物相關之所有問題的解決方案,此等問題特定言之與奈帕坦特難溶相關、與其對氧化之
不穩定性及需要達成小兒群體亦可接受之組成物感官特徵相關。
比較基於維生素E之水溶性抗氧化劑添加劑之效果的目的為添加至含有聚山梨醇酯之典型醫藥組成物中(實施例2)以研究溶解之奈帕坦特穩定性的提高(表5),維生素E選自以下之群:TPGS(維生素E TPGS 1000或d-α生育酚聚乙二醇1000丁二酸酯)、L-抗壞血酸dl-α-生育酚磷酸鉀及分散性預調配物,諸如30%之生育酚(精細分散於改質之食品澱粉基質中的維生素E)與以15% CC乾燥之維生素E(精細分散於改質之食品澱粉基質中的α生育酚乙酸酯)的乾燥混合物。在包裝及隨後填充過程中,不使用諸如氮氣或氬氣之惰性氣體進行除氣。
使用TPGS已使穩定性達成引人關注的提高。
出人意料地,具有TPGS作為抗氧化劑之組成物證明為極穩定的,使得添加抗氧化劑以及用惰性氣體除氣的程序不必要。
此外,同樣出人意料地,已發現TPGS亦可充當奈帕坦特在水溶液中得到較佳濃度之強有效增溶劑(表6)。
因此TPGS可代替聚山梨醇酯80用作增溶劑以產生呈溶液形式之組成物,該組成物即使不用調味劑調配時亦具有實質上更佳的味道(實施例3)。
自感官視角而言,含有TPGS之調配物展示更佳接受性。
若添加螯合劑(實施例4),則可進一步提高調配物之穩定性(表8)。
一種根據本發明之呈水溶液形式的較佳組成物,其包含:a)0.01%至1% w/v(亦即0.1mg/ml至10mg/ml)奈帕坦特
b)0.1%至20% w/v(亦即1mg/ml至200mg/ml)TPGS
c)視情況存在之0.001%至0.1% w/v(亦即0.01mg/ml至1mg/ml)螯合劑
d)一或多種醫藥學上可接受的賦形劑。
根據本發明,液體口服醫藥組成物包含0.01%至1% w/v且較佳為0.025%至0.5% w/v之量的活性成份奈帕坦特。
組成物包含至少0.1% w/v,較佳為0.1%至20% w/v,例如0.5%至5% w/v之量的TPGS作為增溶劑及域穩定劑。在組成物中,奈帕坦特與增溶劑TPGS之間的重量比在1:1至1:50範圍內,較佳在1:2至1:40範圍內,例如在1:4至1:30範圍內。
本發明之組成物可能包含選自以下之群的螯合劑:乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、二水合四乙酸二鈉(乙烯二腈)(乙二胺四乙酸二鈉)及[(乙烯二硝基)四乙酸]氫鈣二鈉(二乙二胺四乙酸鈣鈉)。螯合劑可以0.001%至
0.1% w/v,較佳為0.005%至0.05%,或0.005%至0.02% w/v之量存在於組成物中。
可存在用於小兒之其他醫藥學上可接受的賦形劑,諸如甜味劑(諸如糖,包括右旋糖)、其他增溶劑(諸如聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、羧甲基纖維素鈉)及防腐劑(例如山梨酸及抗壞血酸)。
根據本發明之組成物的實例包括:a)奈帕坦特0.40mg/ml、TPGS 10.00mg/ml、右旋糖400.00mg/ml、山梨酸1.00mg/ml、羧甲基纖維素鈉20.00mg/ml、純化水適量1.0ml。
b)奈帕坦特0.40mg/ml、TPGS 10.00mg/ml、二乙二胺四乙酸鈉0.100mg/ml、右旋糖400.00mg/ml、山梨酸1.00mg/ml、羧甲基纖維素鈉20.00mg/ml、純化水適量1.0ml。
c)奈帕坦特2.00mg/ml、TPGS 10.00mg/ml、二乙二胺四乙酸鈉0.100mg/ml、右旋糖400.00mg/ml、山梨酸1.00mg/ml、羧甲基纖維素鈉20.0mg/ml、純化水適量1.0ml。
為將此等組成物投予病患,可將組成物添加至用於嬰兒營養的食品中,尤其添加至牛奶、飲料或流質食物中。
組成物可根據醫師建議,以單次日劑量或多次日劑量投予以治療出生至一歲,且較佳為出生至六個月年齡之新生兒及嬰兒的腸胃疾病。
本發明進一步係關於一種製備醫藥組成物(諸如上述醫藥組成物)的方法,該方法包含混合奈帕坦特與TPGS、視情況存在之螯合劑及一或多種醫藥學上可接受的賦形劑。
下文展示根據所述調配物包裝之水溶液的一些實施例。
實施例
含有聚山梨醇酯80作為增溶劑之調配物。
實施例1(比較實施例)
調配物與描述於WO2006045820中之調配物相當類似且在惰性氛圍中製備。
製備由右旋糖、山梨酸、羧甲基纖維素鈉及調味劑組成的乾燥預混合物。此預混合物溶解於35℃-40℃之溫度的純化水(總量之約60%)中,同時在特殊混合機器中攪拌及均質化。
隨後,將溶液冷卻至20℃-25℃之溫度且藉由在惰性氣體氛圍中振盪及均質化來添加聚山梨醇酯80、奈帕坦特及餘量水(總量之40%)。攪拌調配物直至獲得透明且均勻之溶液。
此調配物亦對應於表2、3及4中之調配物K。
實施例2(比較實施例)
根據實施例1製備另外具有抗氧化劑之類似於實施例1之組成物的組成物,其另外含有抗氧化劑。抗氧化劑之存在使得不需要用惰性氣體進行除氣。
製備由右旋糖、山梨酸、羧甲基纖維素鈉及調味劑組成之乾
燥預混合物。此預混合物溶解於35℃-40℃之溫度的純化水(總量之約60%)中,同時在特殊混合機器中攪拌及均質化。
隨後,將溶液冷卻至20℃-25℃之溫度且藉由攪拌及均質化向其中添加聚山梨醇酯80、抗氧化劑、奈帕坦特及餘量水(總量之40%)。攪拌調配物直至獲得透明且均勻之溶液。
所用抗氧化劑係選自以下之群:TPGS(維生素E聚乙二醇1000丁二酸酯或維生素E TPGS NF級)3mg/ml、L-抗壞血酸dl-α-生育酚磷酸鉀2.3mg/ml、乾燥至15%CC之維生素E(精細分散於改質之食品澱粉基質中的乙酸α生育酚酯)3.9mg/ml、乾燥至30%之生育酚的混合物(精細分散於改質之食品澱粉基質中的維生素E)1.8mg/ml。
含有TPGS作為增溶劑之調配物
實施例3
此實施例說明包含奈帕坦特TPGS水溶液作為增溶劑之液體調配物。此調配物不在用惰性氣體除氣的情況下包裝。
製備由右旋糖、山梨酸及羧甲基纖維素鈉組成之乾燥預混合物。此預混合物在惰性氣體氛圍中溶解於35℃-40℃之溫度的純化水(總量之約60%)中,同時在特殊混合機器中攪拌及均質化。
隨後,將溶液冷卻至20℃-25℃之溫度且藉由攪拌及均質化向其中添加20% w/v TPGS溶液、奈帕坦特及餘量水(總量之40%)。攪拌調配物直至獲得透明且均勻之溶液。
實施例4
此實施例說明包含奈帕坦特TPGS水溶液作為增溶劑之液體調配物。此調配物不在用惰性氣體除氣的情況下包裝且另外包含乙二胺四乙酸二鈉作為螯合劑。
製備由右旋糖、山梨酸及羧甲基纖維素鈉組成之乾燥預混合物。此預混合物溶解於35℃-40℃之溫度的純化水(總量之約60%)中,同時在特殊混合機器中攪拌及均質化。
隨後,在惰性氣體氛圍中將溶液冷卻至20℃-25℃之溫度且藉由攪拌及均質化向其中添加20% w/v TPGS溶液、乙二胺四乙酸鈉、奈帕坦特及餘量水(總量之40%)。
攪拌調配物直至獲得透明且均勻之溶液。
實施例5
以與實施例4中相同之方式可製備以下組成物
Claims (19)
- 一種液體含水口服醫藥組成物,其包含作為活性成份之奈帕坦特(Nepadutant)及添加劑及視情況存在之螯合劑及視情況存在之其他醫藥學上可接受的賦形劑,其中該選擇之添加劑為TPGS。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之醫藥組成物,其中奈帕坦特以總組成物之0.01%至1%重量/體積的量存在。
- 根據申請專利範圍第2項之含水醫藥組成物,其中奈帕坦特以總組成物之0.025%至0.5%重量/體積的量存在。
- 根據申請專利範圍第2項之含水醫藥組成物,其中TPGS以總組成物之至少0.1%重量/體積的量存在。
- 根據申請專利範圍第4項之含水醫藥組成物,其中TPGS以總組成物之0.1%至20%重量/體積的量存在。
- 根據申請專利範圍第5項之含水醫藥組成物,其中TPGS以總組成物之0.5%至5%重量/體積的量存在。
- 根據申請專利範圍第4項之含水醫藥組成物,其中奈帕坦特與TPGS之間的比率為1:1至1:50。
- 根據申請專利範圍第7項之含水醫藥組成物,其中奈帕坦特與TPGS之間的比率為1:2至1:40。
- 根據申請專利範圍第8項之含水醫藥組成物,其中奈帕坦特與TPGS之間的比率為1:4至1:30。
- 根據申請專利範圍第4項之含水醫藥組成物,其進一步包含選自以下之群的螯合劑:EDTA、乙二胺四乙酸二鈉及乙二胺四乙酸鈣二鈉。
- 根據申請專利範圍第10項之含水醫藥組成物,其中該螯合劑以佔總組成物之0.001%至0.1% w/v之量存在。
- 根據申請專利範圍第11項之含水醫藥組成物,其中該螯合劑以佔總組 成物之0.005%至0.05% w/v之量存在。
- 根據申請專利範圍第11項之含水醫藥組成物,其中該螯合劑以佔總組成物之0.005%至0.02% w/v之量存在。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項、第4項、第7項及第10項中任一項之含水醫藥組成物,其進一步包含醫藥學上可接受的賦形劑,諸如甜味劑、防腐劑或增溶劑。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之液體含水口服醫藥組成物,其包含:a)0.01%至1% w/v奈帕坦特b)0.1%至20% w/v TPGS c)視情況存在之0.001%至0.1% w/v螯合劑d)一或多種醫藥學上可接受的賦形劑。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之含水口服醫藥組成物,其選自以下之群:a)奈帕坦特0.40mg/ml、TPGS 10.00mg/ml、右旋糖400.00mg/ml、山梨酸1.00mg/ml、羧甲基纖維素鈉20.00mg/ml、純化水適量1.0ml;b)奈帕坦特0.40mg/ml、TPGS 10.00mg/ml、乙二胺四乙酸二鈉0.100mg/ml、右旋糖400.00mg/ml、山梨酸1.00mg/ml、羧甲基纖維素鈉20.00mg/ml、純化水適量1.0ml;c)奈帕坦特2.00mg/ml、TPGS 10.00mg/ml、乙二胺四乙酸二鈉0.100mg/ml、右旋糖400.00mg/ml、山梨酸1.00mg/ml、羧甲基纖維素鈉20.00mg/ml、純化水適量1.0ml。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項至第16項中任一項之含水口服醫藥組成物,其適用於新生兒及幼嬰之小兒治療。
- 根據申請專利範圍第17項之含水口服醫藥組成物,其適用於治療小兒腸胃疾病。
- 一種製備根據申請專利範圍第1項至第18項中任一項之組成物的方 法,其包含將奈帕坦特與TPGS混合且視情況與螯合劑混合的步驟。
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