TW201309649A - 用於製備4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(經取代的)吡啶甲酸酯的方法(一) - Google Patents
用於製備4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(經取代的)吡啶甲酸酯的方法(一) Download PDFInfo
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- TW201309649A TW201309649A TW101102582A TW101102582A TW201309649A TW 201309649 A TW201309649 A TW 201309649A TW 101102582 A TW101102582 A TW 101102582A TW 101102582 A TW101102582 A TW 101102582A TW 201309649 A TW201309649 A TW 201309649A
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- chloro
- cyanopyridine
- fluoro
- amino
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- -1 4-Amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(substituted)picolinates Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- KFPBGJYBKSQIAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5,6-tetrachloropyridine-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClC1=NC(C#N)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl KFPBGJYBKSQIAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- ARMLHIZMMUSZAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-4,5,6-trifluoropyridine-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound FC1=NC(C#N)=C(Cl)C(F)=C1F ARMLHIZMMUSZAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M picolinate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004767 (C1-C4) haloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- GQXQJVKBGMHOMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-3-chloro-5,6-difluoropyridine-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound NC1=C(F)C(F)=NC(C#N)=C1Cl GQXQJVKBGMHOMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006656 (C2-C4) alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 13
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 53
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 34
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- XYFHRSUUAGJYOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound FC1=NC(C#N)=C(F)C(F)=C1F XYFHRSUUAGJYOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000004009 13C{1H}-NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZUPGJBNBLNMOFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5-trichloro-6-fluoropyridine-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound FC1=NC(C#N)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl ZUPGJBNBLNMOFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 6
- FFNVQNRYTPFDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanopyridine Chemical class N#CC1=CC=CC=N1 FFNVQNRYTPFDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001515 alkali metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- YNHIGQDRGKUECZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(ii) dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Pd+2].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YNHIGQDRGKUECZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- HQFQTTNMBUPQAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclobutylhydrazine Chemical compound NNC1CCC1 HQFQTTNMBUPQAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002451 electron ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WDROIPHLOAIALT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dichloro-5,6-difluoropyridine-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound FC1=NC(C#N)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1F WDROIPHLOAIALT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- VFTFKUDGYRBSAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 15-crown-5 Chemical compound C1COCCOCCOCCOCCO1 VFTFKUDGYRBSAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 18-crown-6 Chemical compound C1COCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO1 XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ICSNLGPSRYBMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopyridine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=N1 ICSNLGPSRYBMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MPVAKPXIHLBLAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dichloro-4,6-difluoropyridine-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound FC1=NC(C#N)=C(Cl)C(F)=C1Cl MPVAKPXIHLBLAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NVOLTPVZQXTZCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-fluoropyridine-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C#N)=N1 NVOLTPVZQXTZCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical group NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WUFWBHPEIJPLIH-UHFFFAOYSA-O NC1=C(C=[N+](C(=C1F)Br)N)Cl Chemical compound NC1=C(C=[N+](C(=C1F)Br)N)Cl WUFWBHPEIJPLIH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 2
- YSSSPARMOAYJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzo-18-crown-6 Chemical compound O1CCOCCOC2=CC=CC=C2OCCOCCOC2=CC=CC=C21 YSSSPARMOAYJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- PZSVMKWRONODDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-fluoropyridine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound NC1=C(Cl)C(C(=O)OC)=NC(C=2C(=C(OC)C(Cl)=CC=2)F)=C1F PZSVMKWRONODDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CVYZJUXLXNJDEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-amino-6-bromo-3-chloro-5-fluoropyridine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=NC(Br)=C(F)C(N)=C1Cl CVYZJUXLXNJDEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(II) acetate Substances [Pd].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N picolinic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004765 (C1-C4) haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004191 (C1-C6) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006700 (C1-C6) alkylthio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNNC DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[6-[4-(5-chloro-6-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-5-methyl-3-(1-methylindazol-5-yl)pyrazol-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound ClC=1C(=C2C=NNC2=CC=1C)C=1C(=NN(C=1C)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(C=C)=O)C1)C=1C=C2C=NN(C2=CC=1)C AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004343 1-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- SOQXEJPXHQDEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5,6-trichloro-4-fluoropyridine-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound FC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=NC(C#N)=C1Cl SOQXEJPXHQDEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDPLFBIGFQFIDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropyridine-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CN=C1C#N YDPLFBIGFQFIDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHMHAUOGQRLMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dichloro-3,6-difluoropyridine-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound FC1=NC(C#N)=C(F)C(Cl)=C1Cl JHMHAUOGQRLMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBJZPNGVCQEXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-3-fluoropyridine-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound FC1=C(Cl)C=CN=C1C#N MBJZPNGVCQEXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIKWVAPXRQHXHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoropyridine-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound FC1=CC=NC(C#N)=C1 NIKWVAPXRQHXHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJZLOATVUIUVPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloro-3,5,6-trifluoro-4h-pyridine-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound FC1=C(C#N)N=C(F)C(F)(Cl)C1 AJZLOATVUIUVPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBJSEKUWPKBORF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloro-3,4,5-trifluoropyridine-2-carbonitrile Chemical class FC1=C(F)C(Cl)=NC(C#N)=C1F DBJSEKUWPKBORF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical group [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010062717 Increased upper airway secretion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002330 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012259 ether extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012025 fluorinating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000043 hydrogen iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N n'-amino-n-iminomethanimidamide Chemical compound N\N=C\N=N VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BMGNSKKZFQMGDH-FDGPNNRMSA-L nickel(2+);(z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Ni+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O BMGNSKKZFQMGDH-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZBRJXVVKPBZPAN-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);triphenylphosphane;dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ni+2].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZBRJXVVKPBZPAN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000026435 phlegm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N renifolin D Natural products CC(=C)[C@@H]1Cc2c(O)c(O)ccc2[C@H]1CC(=O)c3ccc(O)cc3O BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000526 short-path distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IBWGNZVCJVLSHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC IBWGNZVCJVLSHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1=O UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/84—Nitriles
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- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/72—Nitrogen atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
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- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract
4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(經取代的)吡啶甲酸酯係自3,4,5,6-四氯2-氰吡啶,藉由包括氟交換、胺化、鹵素交換及水解、酯化,及經過渡金屬輔助之偶合之一系列步驟方便地製備。
Description
本發明係有關於一種用於製備4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(經取代的)吡啶甲酸酯的方法。更特別地,本發明係有關於一種用於製備4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(經取代的)吡啶甲酸酯的方法,其中,5-氟取代基係藉由於此方法流程早期藉由鹵素交換而引入。
美國專利第6,297,197 B1號案描述某些4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(烷氧基或芳氧基)吡啶甲酸酯化合物及其作為除草劑之用途與其它事項。美國專利第6,784,137 B2及7,314,849 B2號案描述某些4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(芳基)吡啶甲酸酯化合物及其作為除草劑之用途與其它事項。美國專利第7,432,227 B2號案描述某些4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(烷基)吡啶甲酸酯化合物及其作為除草劑與其它事項。此等專利之每一者描述藉由以1-(氯甲基)-4-氟-1,4-二氮雜雙環[2.2.2]辛烷雙(四氟硼酸鹽)氟化相對應之5-未經取代之吡啶甲酸酯製造4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(經取代的)吡啶甲酸酯起始材料。有利的是無需依賴以如1-(氯甲基)-4-氟-1,4-二氮雜雙環[2.2.2]辛烷雙(四氟硼酸鹽)之昂貴氟化劑直接氟化吡啶甲酸酯之5-位置而製造4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(經取代之)吡啶甲酸酯。
本發明係有關於一種用於自3,4,5,6-四氯2-氰吡啶製備4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(經取代的)吡啶甲酸酯的方法。更特別地,本發明係有關於一種用於製備具有化學式I之4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(經取代的)吡啶甲酸酯的方法
其中,R表示C1-C4烷基、環丙基、C2-C4烯基,或以1至4個獨立地選自鹵素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4鹵烷基、C1-C4烷氧基,或C1-C4鹵烷氧基之取代基取代之苯基;R1表示C1-C12烷基或一未經取代或經取代的C7-C11芳烷基;此方法包含下列步驟:
a)以氟化物離子來源氟化3,4,5,6-四氯2-氰吡啶(化學式A)
產生3-氯-4,5,6-三氟2-氰吡啶(化學式B)
b)以氨將3-氯-4,5,6-三氟-2-2-氰吡啶(化學式B)胺化,產生4-胺基-3-氯-5,6-二氟2-氰吡啶(化學式C)
c)以溴化氫(HBr)、氯化氫(HCl)或碘化氫(HI)交換4-胺基-3-氯-5,6-二氟2-氰吡啶(化學式C)之6-位置之氟取代基且將腈水解,產生具有化學式D之4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-鹵吡啶醯胺
其中,L係Br、Cl,或I;
d)以強酸及醇(R1OH)將具有化學式D之4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-鹵吡啶醯胺酯化,產生具有化學式E之4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-鹵吡啶甲酸酯
其中,L及R1係如前所定義;及
e)於過渡金屬催化劑存在中,以具有化學式F之芳基、烷基或烯基金屬化合物偶合具有化學式E之4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-鹵吡啶甲酸酯
R-Met F
其中,R係如前所定義,且Met表示Zn-鹵化物、Zn-R、三-(C1-C4烷基)錫、銅,或B(OR2)(OR3),其中,R2及R3彼此獨立地係氫、C1-C4烷基,或當一起時形成一伸乙基或伸丙基基團,產生具有化學式I之4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(經取代的)吡啶甲酸酯。
步驟a)至e)典型上係如流程I所述般實施。
流程I
本發明之另一方面係於本方法期間製造之新穎中間物,換言之,係具如下化學式之化合物:
a)
其中,X及Y獨立地表示F或Cl;
b)
其中,X及Y獨立地表示F或Cl,但附帶條件係X及Y之至少一者係F;
c)
其中,W1表示F、Cl、Br,或I;
d)
其中,W2表示Cl、Br,或I;或
e)
其中,R1表示C1-C12烷基或一未經取代或經取代的C7-C11芳烷基,且W3係Br或I。
“烷基”、“烯基”及“炔基”之用辭與諸如“烷氧基”、“醯基”、“烷硫基”及“烷基磺醯基”之衍生用辭於此處使用時,於其等之範圍內係包含直鍵、分支鏈,及環狀部份。除非其它方式特別表示外,每一者可為未經取代,或以一或多個不受限地選自鹵素、羥基、烷氧基、烷硫基、C1-C6醯基、甲醯基、氰基、芳氧基,或芳基之取代基取代,只要此等取代基係立體上可相容,且化學鍵結及應變能之規則被滿足。“烯基”及“炔基”之用辭係意欲包括一或多個不飽和鍵。
“芳烷基”一辭於此處使用時係指具有總量為7至11個碳原子之一經苯基經取之烷基基團,諸如,苯甲基(-CH2C6H5)、2-甲基萘基(-CH2C10H7),及1-或2-苯乙基(-CH2CH2C6H5或-CH(CH3)C6H5)。苯基基團本身可為未經取代或以一或多個獨立地選自下列之取代基取代:鹵素、硝基、氰基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、經鹵化的C1-C6烷基、經鹵化的C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C(O)OC1-C6烷基,或其中,二相鄰取代基一起為-O(CH2)nO-,其中,n=1或2,只要此等取代基係立體可相容且化學鍵結及應變能之規則被滿足。
除非其它特別限制外,”鹵素”一辭與諸如”鹵基”之衍生用辭係指氟、氯、溴,及碘。
以1至4個獨立地選自鹵素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4鹵烷基、C1-C4烷氧基,或C1-C4鹵烷氧基之取代基取代之苯基可為任何位向,但4-經取代之苯基、2,4-二經取代之苯基、2,3,4-三經取代之苯基、2,4,5-三經取代之苯基,及2,3,4,6-四經取代之苯基異構物係較佳。
4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(經取代的)吡啶甲酸酯係自3,4,5,6-四氯2-氰吡啶,藉由包括氟交換、胺化、與HCl、HBr或HI反應、水解、酯化,及經過渡金屬輔助之偶合之一系列步驟製備。此等個別步驟可以不同序列實施。
3,4,5,6-四氯2-氰吡啶起始物料係一已知化合物且可購得。
於氟化物交換反應,經氟化之2-氰吡啶係藉由將相對應之經氯化的2-氰吡啶以對於欲被交換之每一環氯取代基為約一當量之氟化物離子來源反應而製備。
典型之氟化物離子來源係鹼金屬氟化物,其包括氟化鈉(NaF)、氟化鉀(KF),及氟化銫(CsF),且KF及CsF係較佳。四級烷基或芳基銨或鏻之氟化物亦可作為氟化物來源或作為添加劑。較佳地,此反應係於諸如二甲基亞碸(DMSO)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、六甲基磷醯胺(HMPA)或環丁碸之極性非質子溶劑或反應介質中實行。反應進行之溫度並不重要,但一般係從60℃至180℃,且較佳係從70℃至80℃。依於特別反應使用之溶劑而定,最佳溫度會改變。一般而言,溫度愈低,反應會愈緩慢進行。本反應典型上係於足以維持基本上均勻分散之反應物混合物之劇烈攪拌存在中進行。
於進行氟化反應,反應物添加之速率或順序並不重要。一般,溶劑及鹼金屬氟化物係於經氯化之2-氰吡啶添加至反應混合物前混合。典型反應一般係需從2至100小時,較佳係從3至6小時,且一般係於環境大氣壓力進行。
雖然反應物之正確量並不重要,但較佳係於起始材料中使用以欲被交換之氯原子之數量為基準會供應至少等莫耳量之氟原子之鹼金屬氟化物之量,即,至少等莫耳量之鹼金屬氟化物。反應完全後,所欲產物係藉由使用標準分離及純化技術回收,諸如,蒸餾、結晶化,或層析術。
於典型氟化物交換,係獲得產物混合物,其包括大量之經過度氟化的副產物3,4,5,6-四氟2-氰吡啶(化學式H)。
所欲的3-氯-4,5,6-三氟2-氰吡啶之最終產率可藉由分離經過度氟化的副產物3,4,5,6-四氟2-氰吡啶且將其再回收產生可接受氟化物交換反應之中間物而提高。此可以數種方式完成。3,4,5,6-四氟2-氰吡啶與LiCl反應或3,4,5,6-四氟2-氰吡啶與過量之3,4,5,6-四氯2-氰吡啶反應,或此二者之組合,具有或不具有溶劑,導致氯-氟2-氰吡啶之混合物,其中,3-氯異構物可作為用以形成所欲產物之起始物料。因此,3,4,5,6-四氟2-氰吡啶可與過量之LiCl加熱,產生主要係3,4,5-三氯-6-氟2-氰吡啶及3,4,5,6-四氯-2-氰吡啶之混合物。於另一技術,經分離之3,4,5,6-四氟2-氰吡啶與過量之3,4,5,6-四氯2-氰吡啶於相轉移催化劑存在中反應產生主要由單氟-三氯2-氰吡啶及二氟-二氯2-氰吡啶所構成之混合物。最後,於相轉移催化劑及1至3當量之LiCl存在中的經分離之3,4,5,6-四氟-2-氰吡啶及3,4,5,6-四氯2-氰吡啶之相等混合物產生主要係3,4,5-三氯-6-氟2-氰吡啶及3,4,5,6-四氯2-氰吡啶之混合物。主要由單氟-三氯2-氰吡啶及/或二氟-二氯2-氰吡啶所構成之此等混合物可用於使用鹼金屬氟化物之氟化反應,自3,4,5,6-四氟2-氰吡啶製備3-氯-4,5,6-三氟2-氰吡啶。
於反向鹵素交換反應,3,4,5,6-四氟2-氰吡啶係與5至10當量之LiCl,較佳係與6當量,加熱產生4,5-二氯-3,6-二氟2-氰吡啶(3,6-F2-PN)、6-氟-3,4,5-三氯2-氰吡啶(6-F-PN)及3,4,5,6-四氯2-氰吡啶(Cl4-PN)之混合物。此反應可以淨式或於諸如DMSO、NMP、DMF、HMPA或環丁碸之極性非質子溶劑或反應介質中實行。通常方便地係於溶劑中進行此反應。反應進行之溫度並不重要,但通常係從80℃至200℃,較佳係從100℃至150℃。
90%或更多之此混合物係用於藉由將此混合物再回收經氟交換反應而形成3-氯-4,5,6-三氟2-氰吡啶。
於其中氟及氯基團被互換之置換反應,3,4,5,6-四氟2-氰吡啶係與1至3當量之3,4,5,6-四氯2-氰吡啶,較佳係與2當量之3,4,5,6-四氯2-氰吡啶反應。此反應係以淨式或於諸如DMSO、NMP、DMF、HMPA或環丁碸之極性非質子溶劑或反應介質中實行。通常方便地係無溶劑地進行此反應。置換反應係於添加劑存在中進行。添加劑包括(a)含有10或更多個碳原子之四級鏻鹽,及(b)普遍稱為冠狀醚之巨環狀聚醚。適合之冠狀醚催化劑不受限地包括18-冠-6;二環己烷并-18-冠-6;二苯并-18-冠-6;15-冠-5。適合之四級鏻鹽包括反-正烷基鏻鹽,此係特別佳。反應進行之溫度並不重要,但通常係從80℃至200℃,且較佳係從150℃至180℃。
於典型置換反應,例如,其中,1當量之3,4,5,6-四氟2-氰吡啶係與2當量之3,4,5,6-四氯2-氰吡啶反應,可獲得之下列異構物混合物:3,4,5,6-四氯2-氰吡啶(Cl4-PN)、3,5-二氯-4,6-二氟2-氰吡啶(4,6-F2-PN)、3,4-二氯-5,6-二氟2-氰吡啶(5,6-F2-PN)、4,5-二氯-3,6-二氟2-氰吡啶(3,6-F2-PN)、6-氟-3,4,5-三氯2-氰吡啶(6-F-PN),及4-氟-3,5,6-三氯2-氰吡啶(4-F-PN)。
80%之此混合物可用於藉由將此混合物再回收經氟交換反應形成3-氯-4,5,6-三氟2-氰吡啶。
於反向鹵素交換反應及置換反應之組合,3,4,5,6-四氟2-氰吡啶係與1至3當量之3,4,5,6-四氯2-氰吡啶,較佳係與1當量之3,4,5,6-四氯-2-氰吡啶及與1至4當量之LiCl,較佳係與1.5至2.5當量反應。此反應可於淨式或於諸如DMSO、NMP、DMF、HMPA或環丁碸之極性非質子溶劑或反應介質中實行。通常方便地係於無溶劑進行此反應。置換反應係於添加劑存在中進行。添加劑包括(a)含有10或更多個碳原子之四級鏻鹽,及(b)普遍稱為冠狀醚之巨環狀聚醚。適合之冠狀醚催化劑不受限地包括18-冠-6;二環己烷并-18-冠-6;二苯并-18-冠-6;15-冠-5。適合之四級鏻鹽包括反-正烷基鏻鹽,此係特別佳。反應進行之溫度並不重要,但通常係從80℃至200℃,且較佳係從150℃至180℃。
於典型之反向鹵素交換及置換反應之組合,例如,1當量之3,4,5,6-四氟2-氰吡啶係與1當量之3,4,5,6-四氯2-氰吡啶及1.5當量之LiCl反應,且可獲得下列異構物混合物:
92%之此混合物可用於藉由將此混合物再回收經氟交換反應形成3-氯-4,5,6-三氟2-氰吡啶。
於胺化反應,4-氟2-氰吡啶係與氨反應而以一胺基基團替換氟原子。
雖然僅需要化學計量之氨,但通常方便地係使用大量過量之氨。通常方便地係使用氨作為反應物及用以中和反應中產生之氟化氫(HF)之鹼。另外,氨可呈溶液型式,諸如,氫氧化銨之水溶液。反應係於無溶劑或於惰性溶劑中實行。若使用溶劑,惰性溶劑不受限地包括醇、醚、酯、酮、DMSO,及芳香族溶劑。反應進行之溫度並不重要,但通常係從0℃至45℃,且較佳係從10℃至30℃。
典型反應一般需要0.5至5小時,且通常係於環境大氣壓力進行。所欲產物係藉由使用標準分離及純化技術回收。
於鹵素交換及水解反應,6-鹵吡啶醯胺係藉由使相對應之6-氟2-氰吡啶與至少2當量之鹵化氫反應而製備。
雖然僅需2當量之鹵化氫,但通常方便地係使用大量過量之鹵化氫。此反應係於惰性有機溶劑中實行,且C1-C4烷酸係特別佳。反應進行之溫度並不重要,但通常係從75℃至150℃,且較佳係從100℃至130℃。鹵素交換係於一密封容器內於壓力下方便地進行。
於進行鹵化及水解反應,6-氟2-氰吡啶可與鹵化氫及烷酸溶劑於一密封反應器內加熱。典型反應一般需要0.5至24小時。所欲產物係藉由使用標準分離及純化技術回收。
於酯化反應,2-吡啶醯胺係與醇於布忍斯特(Bronsted)酸或路易士(Lewis)酸存在中反應。
布忍斯特酸不受限地包括諸如氫氯酸、硫酸,及磷酸之酸。路易士酸包括三氟化硼、四鹵化鈦、四烷氧化鈦、鹵化鋅、鹵化錫,及鏻與銻之五氟化物。諸如硫酸或磷酸之酸典型上係以化學計量使用。反應係於所欲酯之C1-C12烷基醇或未經取代或經取代的C7-C11芳烷基醇中實行。若反應溫度高於醇溶劑之沸點,此反應可於密封反應器內方便地進行。
於進行酯化反應,2-吡啶醯胺或2-氰吡啶係添加至醇及酸之混合物。雖然反應溫度並不重要,但通常係加熱至80℃至140℃持續2至24小時,較佳係100℃至120℃持續6至8小時。所欲產物係藉由使用標準分離及純化技術回收。
有時方便地係結合鹵素交換步驟之作業而進行酯化步驟。
於偶合反應,6-鹵吡啶甲酸酯係與芳基、烷基或烯基金屬化合物於過渡金屬催化劑存在中反應,其中,金屬係Zn-鹵化物、Zn-R、三-(C1-C4烷基)錫、銅,或B(OR2)(OR3),其中,R2及R3彼此獨立地係氫、C1-C4烷基,或當一起時形成一伸乙基或伸丙基基團。
“催化劑”係過渡金屬催化劑,特別是鈀催化劑,諸如,乙酸鈀(II)或二氯雙(三苯基膦)鈀(II),或鎳催化劑,諸如,乙醯基丙酮酸鎳(II)或二氯雙(三苯基膦)鎳(II)。此外,催化劑可於原位自金屬鹽及配位子(諸如,乙酸鈀(II)及三苯基膦或氯化鎳(II)及三苯基膦)製備。此等於原位之催化劑可藉由金屬及配位子之事前反應製備,其後添加至反應混合物,或將金屬鹽及配位子直接個別添加至反應混合物而製備。
典型上,偶合反應係於氧不存在時,使用諸如氮或氬之惰性氣體實行。用以使氧自偶合反應混合物排除之技術,諸如,以惰性氣體噴射,係熟習此項技藝者已知。此等技術之例子係描述於The Manipulation of Air-Sensitive Compounds,2nd ed.,D.F. Shriver,M.A. Drezdzon,Eds.;Wiley-Interscience,1986。低於化學計量之催化劑被使用,典型上係從0.0001當量至0.1當量。另外量之配位子可選擇性地添加以增加催化劑之安定性及活性。此外,諸如碳酸鈉、碳酸鉀、氟化鉀、氟化銫及氟化鈉之添加劑典型上添加至偶合反應。偶合反應一般需要從1至5當量之此添加劑,較佳係從1至2當量。水可選擇性添加至偶合反應以增加此等添加劑之可溶性。偶合反應一般需要從1至3當量之芳基、烷基或烯基金屬化合物,較佳係從1至1.5當量。反應係於諸如甲苯、THF、二噁烷或乙腈之惰性溶劑內實行。反應進行之溫度並不重要,但通常係從25℃至150℃,且較佳係從50℃至125℃。典型反應一般需要從0.5至24小時。典型上無需特別之反應物添加順序。通常係操作上較簡單地將除了催化劑外之所有反應物混合,然後,將反應溶液脫氧。脫氧後,可添加催化劑以開始偶合反應。
當芳基、烷基或烯基金屬化合物之Met部份係Zn-鹵化物、Zn-R或銅,可能需要保護反應性官能基團。例如,若胺基取代基(-NHR或-NH2)存在,可能需要保護此等反應性基團。各種基團係此項技藝已知用以保護胺基基團免於與有機金屬試劑反應。此等保護基團之例子係描述於Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,3rd ed.,T.W. Greene,P.G.M. Wuts,Eds.;Wiley-Interscience,1999。用於R-Met之金屬的選擇係受數種因素影響,諸如,費用、安定性、反應性,及保護反應性官能基團之必要性。
藉由任何此等方法獲得之產物可藉由傳統手段回收,諸如,蒸發或萃取,且可藉由標準程序純化,諸如,藉由再結晶或層析術。
下列範例係用以例示說明本發明而呈現。
範例
氟交換
範例1a 3-氯-4,5,6-三氟2-氰吡啶
一5-公升(L)之機械式攪拌的燒瓶,於氮氣下注入DMSO(3820毫升(mL))、粉末狀之碳酸鉀(K2CO3;42克(g)),及細微研磨之氟化銫(CsF;1510克)。DMSO(約1公升)藉由於75-80℃(3.5 mmHg,0.46 kPa)蒸餾而移除。於添加細微研磨之3,4,5,6-四氯2-氰吡啶(685克)前,漿料於氮氣下冷卻至55℃。添加係於15分鐘(min)期間進行,同時冷卻以使反應溫度保持低於74℃。溫度於緩慢氮氣流下保持於65-70℃持續4小時(h)。反應混合物冷卻至40-50℃,且倒至冰水(H2O;15公升)及二乙基醚(Et2O;3公升)之混合物內。有機相被分離後,水性相以Et2O(2 x 2公升)萃取。有機萃取液被混合,於硫酸鎂(MgSO4)乾燥,過濾,及於大氣壓力藉由蒸餾而濃縮,產生粗製產物混合物(469克),呈淡棕色油。此油與相似般製備之另外物料混合產生總量為1669克之粗製產物。此油於真空下使用30盤之Oldershaw塔於80-90℃間之溫度範圍蒸餾,且分餾物係於63、13及2 mm Hg(8.4、1.7及0.27 kPa)收集。於13 mm收集之物料產生457克(22%產率)之固體,其係二種氯三氟2-氰吡啶之93/7混合物。此固體係於5℃自己烷(420克)及Et2O之混合物再結晶,產生3-氯-4,5,6-三氟2-氰吡啶(354克,98%純度),呈細微白色針狀物。小樣品係藉由氣相層析術(GC)第二次再結晶成99.7%純度:mp 41.5-43℃;19F NMR(376 MHz,CDCl3) δ -78.1(t,JF-F=23.1 Hz,F6),-114.2(dd,JF-F=18.5,22.5 Hz,F4),-149.3(dd,JF-F=18.2,22.6 Hz,F5);13C{1H} NMR(101 MHz,CDCl3) δ 154.5(ddd,JF-C=270,11,7 Hz,C4),151.3(ddd,JF-C=247,13,5 Hz,C6),138.0(ddd,JF-C=279,31,13 Hz,C5),124.7(ddd,JF-C=16,6,2 Hz,C3),124.4(ddd,JF-C=16,7,2 Hz,C2),112.2(s,CN);EIMS m/z 192([M]+)。對於C6ClF3N2之計算分析:C,37.43;N,14.55。發現:C,36.91;N;14.25。
此蒸餾之第一部份(63 mm Hg,8.4 kPa)產生純的3,4,5,6-四氟-2-氰吡啶(525克,24%),呈無色油。19F NMR(376 MHz,CDCl3) δ-77.6(t,JF-F=23.8 Hz,F6),-133.7(q,JF-F=18.8 Hz,F4),-134.2(ddd,JF-F=24.2,18.6,10.1 Hz,F3),-145.3(ddd,JF-F=24.1,18.2,10.2 Hz,F5);13C{1H} NMR(101 MHz,CDCl3) δ 150.4(dm,JF-C=272 Hz,C3),148.5(ddd,JF-C=245,12,4 Hz,C6),147.3(dm,JF-C=270 Hz,C4),138.6(ddd,JF-C=280,33,11 Hz,C5),113.4(m,C2),110.20(s,CN)。
此蒸餾之第三部份(2 mm Hg,0.27 kPa)產生3,5-二氯-4,6-二氟-2-氰吡啶(48克,98%純度),呈白色固體:mp 78-79 ℃;19F NMR(376 MHz,CDCl3) δ -63.65(d,JF-F=18.7 Hz,F6),-92.52(d,JF-F=18.5 Hz,F4);13C{1H} NMR(101 MHz,CDCl3) δ 162.6(dd,JF-C=269,6 Hz,C4),157.8(dd,JF-C=245,5 Hz,C6),127.6(dd,JF-C=17,3 Hz,C3),123.5(dd,JF-C=18,6 Hz,C2),112.4(dd,JF-C=36,21 Hz,C5),112.3(CN)。
範例1b 3,4,5,6-四氟2-氰吡啶與氯化鉀之反向鹵素交換反應
3,4,5,6-四氟2-氰基吡啶(17克,0.1莫耳(mol))與乾燥LiCl(25.4克,0.6莫耳)之混合物於乾燥DMSO(200毫升)內加熱。反應係藉由自H2O萃取至Et2O之等分樣品之GC分析而監測。開始時,反應加熱至120℃,且所有之LiCl溶解。於120℃時5分鐘後,所有之起始物料及氯三氟-PN異構物被消耗掉,產生3,6-F2-PN(83%)及6-F-PN(14%)之混合物。反應溫度上升至135℃,且於總共75分鐘後,藉由GC分析。混合物被測定係3,6-F2-PN/6-F-PN/Cl4-PN之8:80:12混合物。
範例1ca 3,4,5,6-四氟2-氰吡啶之置換
3,4,5,6-四氯2-氰吡啶(16.1克,66毫莫耳(mmol))及3,4,5,6-四氟2-氰吡啶(5.9克,33毫莫耳)之混合物於氮氣下加熱至160℃,形成一溶液。對此攪拌溶液,添加四丁基氯化鏻(Bu4PCl;0.36克,1.2毫莫耳),且溶液於160℃保持1小時。等分樣品溶於二氯甲烷(CH2Cl2),且於GC分析前,通過短的矽石凝膠墊。經鹵化之2-氰吡啶之分佈係:11.2%之Cl4-PN;11.3%之4,6-F2-PN;2.3%之5,6-F2-PN;19%之3,6-F2-PN;52.6%之6-F-PN,及3.6%之4-F-PN。80%之此混合物係用於鹵素交換反應,產生3-氯-4,5,6-三氟2-氰吡啶。
範例1cb 自3,4,5,6-四氟2-氰吡啶之置換再回收
裝設一短路徑蒸餾頭之一反應燒瓶被注入經細微研磨之CsF(35.1克,0.23莫耳)及乾燥DMSO(175毫升)。反應器於真空下(0.1 mm)攪拌及加熱至70-75℃,至DMSO(75毫升)蒸餾為止。此漿料於氮氣下冷卻至50℃,且添加得自上述之熔融反應混合物(21.7克)。反應混合物加熱至70℃持續2.5小時,並且良好地攪拌。添加至水之一等分樣品之二乙基醚萃取液藉由GC檢測,且發現含有:61%之3,4,5,6-四氟2-氰吡啶;31%之3-氯-4,5,6-三氟2-氰吡啶;3.4%之5-氯-3,5,6-三氟2-氰吡啶,及4.8%之3,5-二氯-4,6-二氟2-氰吡啶。此比以純的3,4,5,6-四氯2-氰吡啶開始進行相似反應時之38-42%之典型粗製GC純度還要好。
範例1d 3,4,5,6-四氟2-氰吡啶之經LiCl輔助之置換
3,4,5,6-四氯2-氰吡啶(12.2克,50毫莫耳)及3,4,5,6-四氟2-氰吡啶(8.8克,50毫莫耳)之混合物於氮氣下加熱至160℃,達成一澄清溶液。對此添加Bu4PCl(0.36克,1.2毫莫耳)。於添加乾燥LiCl(4.2克,0.1莫耳)前,反應溶液於160℃保持15分鐘。60分鐘後,添加更多之LiCl(2.2克,50毫莫耳),且反應混合物攪拌11小時。自水之乙醚萃取液之GC分析顯示3,6-F2-PN/6-F-PN/Cl4-PN之8:75:17混合物。
胺化
範例2 4-胺基-3-氯-5,6-二氟2-氰吡啶
於乙酸乙酯(EtOAc;3公升)內之3-氯-4,5,6-三氟2-氰吡啶(200克)之溶液冷卻至10℃。對此緩慢添加14%之含水氫氧化銨(NH4OH;1296克),使溫度保持於18-23℃。水溶液與有機溶液分離。有機相依序以含水飽和NaCl及水之50/50溶液(500毫升)及飽和NaCl溶液(250毫升)清洗。有機相於50℃之真空下濃縮成500毫升體積,產物結晶出。對此漿料添加庚烷(1公升),且剩餘之EtOAc於真空下移除,產生最終漿料。固體藉由過濾收集。此固體以戊烷清洗,且於真空下乾燥,產生4-胺基-3-氯-5,6-二氟2-氰吡啶(173.8克,90%,99.6%純度),呈白色結晶固體:mp 190-191.5℃;13C{1H} NMR(101 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 150.03(dd,J=232.4,12.5 Hz,C6),144.29(dd,J=11.4,6.9 Hz,C4),133.72(dd,J=257.9,30.8 Hz,C5),122.14(dd,J=19.6,4.9 Hz,C2),119.31(s,C3),114.25(s,CN);19F NMR(376 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ -91.24(d,J=24.2 Hz),-154.97(d,J=24.2 Hz);EIMS m/z 189([M]+)。對於C6H2ClF2N3之計算分析:C,38.02;H,1.06;N,22.17。發現:C.37.91;H.1.00;22.02。
鹵素交換、水解,及酯化
範例3 4-胺基-6-溴-3-氯-5-氟吡啶醯胺及4-胺基-6-溴-3-氯-5-氟吡啶甲酸甲酯
4-胺基-3-氯-5,6-二氟2-氰吡啶(70克,0.37莫耳)及於乙酸內之33% HBr(700毫升)之混合物於一密封攪拌反應容器內加熱至120℃持續2小時。冷卻至室溫後,上澄液與大量淡棕色固體分離,且於真空下濃縮,產生黏性暗色殘質。此殘質被取至甲醇(600毫升)內,且添加回留於壓力反應器內之淡棕色固體。對此混合物,緩慢添加濃硫酸(H2SO4;40克,0.41莫耳),且反應器再次密封,且加熱至110℃持續6小時。經冷卻之反應混合物緩慢倒至飽和含水碳酸鈉(2公升)及Et2O(1公升)。乙醚萃取液於MgSO4乾燥,過濾,及濃縮成淡棕色固體。此固體藉由管柱層析術純化,產生4-胺基-6-溴-3-氯-5-氟吡啶甲酸甲酯(78克,75%),呈細微白色結晶:mp 119-120℃;1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3) δ 3.97;13C{1H} NMR(101 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 163.54(s,C=O),144.63(d,J=256.3 Hz,C5),142.60(d,J=4.9 Hz,C2),140.55(d,J=13.6 Hz,C4),125.61(d,J=21.0 Hz,C6),116.65(s,C3),53.2(s,OMe);19F NMR(376 MHz,CDCl3) δ -128.86;EIMS m/z 284([M]+)。對於C7H5BrClFN2O2之計算分析:C,29.66;H,1.78;N,9.88。發現:C,30.03;H,1.80;N,9.91。
亦藉由管柱層析術分離係4-胺基-6-溴-3-氯-5-氟吡啶醯胺(200毫克),呈淡棕色固體:mp 215℃ dec;13C{1H}NMR(101 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 165.64(s,C=O),148.02(d,J=4.8 Hz,C2),142.31(d,J=233.2 Hz,C5),141.86(d,J=14.0 Hz,C4),124.13(d,J=19.9 Hz,C6),112.55(d,J=2.1 Hz,C3);19F NMR(376 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ -131.56;EIMS m/z 269([M]+)。對於C6H4BrClFN3O之計算分析:C,26.84;H,1.50;N,15.65。發現:C,26.95;H,1.52;N,15.16。
偶合
範例4 4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(4-氯-2-氟-3-甲氧基-苯基)吡啶甲酸甲酯
氮氣流通過於乙腈(CH3CN;40毫升)內之4-胺基-6-溴-3-氯-5-氟吡啶甲酸甲酯(2.8克,10毫莫耳)及2-(4-氯-2-氟-3-甲氧基苯基)-1,3,2-二氧雜硼烷(3.2克,13毫莫耳)與及於H2O(20毫升)內之KF(1.7克,30毫莫耳)之無色混合物,同時加熱至50℃(20-30分鐘)。添加二氯-雙(三苯基膦)鈀(II)(PdCl2(PPh3)2;140毫克,0.2毫莫耳),且混合物加熱至65℃。反應藉由HPLC監測,且於5小時後完全。反應混合物經一短的塞里塑料(Celite)墊材熱過濾,然後,以H2O(20毫升)稀釋,並且冷卻。產物藉由過濾收集。淡棕色固體於真空下乾燥,產生4-胺基-3-氯-6-(4-氯-2-氟-3-甲氧基苯基)-5-氟吡啶甲酸甲酯(2.6克,72%):mp 169-170.5℃;1H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 7.48(d,J=8.4 Hz,1H),7.32(t,J=7.7 Hz,1H),7.15(s,2H),3.96(s,3H),3.90(s,3H);13C{1H}NMR(101 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 164.85(s),153.11(d,J=252.5 Hz),146.29(s),144.52(d,J=4.3 Hz),143.74(s),142.75(dd,J=227.1,14.0 Hz),136.38(d,J=13.4 Hz),128.58(d,J=3.2 Hz),125.87(s),125.54(d,J=3.5 Hz),122.89(dd,J=13.8,4.0 Hz),113.01(d,J=3.0 Hz),61.61(d,J=4.2 Hz),52.70(s);ESIMS m/z 364([M+H]+)。對於C14H10Cl2F2N2O3之計算分析:C,46.30;H,2.78;N,7.71。發現:C,46.60;H,2.68;N,7.51。
Claims (2)
- 一種用於製備具有化學式I之4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(經取代的)吡啶甲酸酯的方法,
其中,R表示C1-C4烷基、環丙基、C2-C4烯基,或以1至4個獨立地選自鹵素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4鹵烷基、C1-C4烷氧基,或C1-C4鹵烷氧基之取代基取代之苯基;R1表示C1-C12烷基或一未經取代或經取代的C7-C11芳烷基;該方法包含下列步驟:a)以氟化物離子來源氟化3,4,5,6-四氯2-氰吡啶(化學式A) 產生3-氯-4,5,6-三氟2-氰吡啶(化學式B) b)以氨將3-氯-4,5,6-三氟-2-2-氰吡啶(化學式B)胺化,產生4-胺基-3-氯-5,6-二氟2-氰吡啶(化學式C) c)以溴化氫(HBr)、氯化氫(HCl)或碘化氫(HI)交換4-胺基-3-氯-5,6-二氟2-氰吡啶(化學式C)之6-位置之氟取代基且將腈水解,產生具有化學式D之4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-鹵吡啶醯胺 其中,L係Br、Cl,或I;d)以強酸及醇(R1OH)將具有化學式D之該4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-鹵吡啶醯胺酯化,產生具有化學式E之4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-鹵吡啶甲酸酯 其中,L及R1係如前所定義;及e)於過渡金屬催化劑存在中,以具有化學式F之芳基、烷基或烯基金屬化合物偶合具有化學式E之該4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-鹵吡啶甲酸酯R-Met F其中,R係如前所定義,且Met表示Zn-鹵化物、Zn-R、三-(C1-C4烷基)錫、銅,或B(OR2)(OR3),其中,R2及R3彼此獨立地係氫、C1-C4烷基,或當一起時形成一伸乙基或伸丙基基團,產生具有化學式I之該4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(經取代的)吡啶甲酸酯。 - 一種具有下列化學式之化合物,a)
其中,X及Y獨立地表示F或Cl;b) 其中,X及Y獨立地表示F或Cl,但附帶條件係X及Y之至少一者係F;c) 其中,W1表示F、Cl、Br,或I;d) 其中,W2表示Cl、Br,或I;或e) 其中,R1表示C1-C12烷基或一未經取代或經取代的C7-C11芳烷基,且W3係Br或I。
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| US8252938B2 (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2012-08-28 | Dow Agrosciences, Llc. | Process for the preparation of 6-(aryl)-4-aminopicolinates |
| GB0910766D0 (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2009-08-05 | Syngenta Ltd | Chemical compounds |
| GB201008290D0 (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2010-06-30 | Syngenta Ltd | Chemical compounds |
| TWI592401B (zh) | 2011-01-25 | 2017-07-21 | 陶氏農業科學公司 | 用於製備4-胺基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(經取代的)吡啶甲酸酯的方法(一) |
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