TW201247115A - Smoking articles - Google Patents

Abstract

A smoking article comprising at least two of: (a) a tobacco blend comprising one or more tobaccos or tobacco grades with low TSNA and/or metal content; (b) a tobacco blend that has been treated to remove polyphenols and/or peptides; (c) a tobacco substitute sheet comprising a non-combustible inorganic filler, a binder and an aerosol generating means; (d) a high activity carbon comprising a polymer-derived carbon material; and (e) an amine-functionalised chelating resin.

Description

201247115 VI. OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to smoking articles, and in particular to machine-measured smoking articles that combine two or more technical applications to individually reduce specific components or groups of components in mainstream smoke. . [Prior Art] Endemic tobacco is a complex dynamic mixture of more than 5,000 identified ingredients, of which about 150 have been shown to be undesirable. These ingredients are present in mainstream smoke (MS) inhaled by smokers and are released as components of sidestream smoke (SS) during swallowing. In 2001, the Institute of Medical Research (I0M) reported that because of the dose-related diseases associated with smoking, and because epidemiological studies have shown that smoking cessation can be reduced and the risk of smoking-related diseases is low, the development of potential reduced contact products (PREP), Can reduce the risk associated with smoking. It is defined as: (1) a product that substantially reduces exposure to one or more tobacco poisons; and (2) a product that is reasonably expected to reduce the risk of acquiring one or more specific diseases or other adverse health effects if the risk is reduced ( Stratton et al., 2〇〇1). To date, there are still no combustible cigarette products that meet the overall requirements of I0M. σ Ι0Μ and other groups (Life Science Research Laboratory (LSR〇) 2〇〇7; World Health Organization 〇νΗΟ) 2007) describe the flammable tobacco products identified as pREp may be required - some of the operational phases 'the scientific community to provide relevant information The detailed two methods and stages required are not - yes. For example, some blushers impose MS limits on smog components, while others recommend biospheres for evaluation. 4 2〇1247ll5 In recent years, many studies have focused on reducing specific MS components. Variety, targeting different parts of smoking articles, and working to reduce the amount of specific compounds that have been removed, such as using genetic engineering or blending special treatments, trying to reduce or remove tobacco material before incorporating smoking articles. Ways to try to use a variety of thinners or fillers to, dilute,, smoking: tobacco in tobacco rods. Other methods involve venting the smoking article to draw ambient air into the smoking article to dilute the MS. Filtration is clearly another area where there are many studies that enhance the removal of components through the filter segment of smoking objects. , : Some individual measures are beneficial, but they generally only solve a small part of the whole picture. = Another issue to be addressed is the importance of producing acceptable products for consumers. The sensory impact of conventional smoking objects is mostly based on the MS component. Removal of one of these ingredients is likely to provide a smoking experience that is not well met by smokers. — Therefore, providing smoking items that significantly reduce emissions of all undesirable MS components is a major challenge. However, individual measures to reduce specific ingredients often result in no reduction in other ingredients and, in some cases, even increase in other ingredients. The use of filter vents or high-permeability cigarette papers to dilute the smoke reduces the amount of toxic emissions measured by the entire smoking machine, and can be achieved by raising the efficiency of the two cigarettes for the specific smoke-related toxicants. Over the years, governments and public health agencies around the world have seen less iso tar-derived cigarettes as a way to reduce the health risks of smokers who do not quit smoking. However, this product modification method has recently been criticized. The World Health Organization's Tobacco Control Research Group (TobReg) has recently proposed a regulatory approach that limits the selection of specific smoke constituents. The team also recommended limiting the amount of ingredient to be measured based on a custom measurement of a strong smoking machine and measuring nicotine per milligram. 5 201247115 Eight relative machines measure tar and nicotine, and the selective reduction of specific smoke patterns is closely related to the physical and chemical nature of smoke constituents. Conventional volumes have a limited ability to reduce the composition of smoke. For example, when increasing the filtration efficiency of a cellulose acetate (CA) filter, the specific phase components will be accompanied by a decrease in oil and nicotine, and the selectivity will be reduced with little or no hair & With little or no effect on volatile components, θ filtration efficiency increases the ratio of relative tar to nicotine. Filing with the filter has various effects on the composition of the smoke. The absolute reduction of all smoke components, but the specific phase composition relative to tar or nicotine output is mostly not 4 or even likely to increase. Some volatile components (such as ammonia and carbon monoxide) have a reduced relative tar and nicotine output, and the relative yield of some semi-volatile components (such as sputum) increases. Adsorption materials such as activated carbon or certain resins are used in the mouth to selectively reduce the volatile components of the gas phase, such as volatile aldehydes and hydrogen cyanide. However, permanent gases (such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide) are not able to adsorb at room temperature and are tightly bound to aerosol particles, which are filters that do not selectively reduce poisons in the particular phase. Since 1950, attempts have been made to selectively remove or reduce ingredients from cigarette smoke. Adsorption with a porous adsorbent removes some of the volatile constituents of the smoke. Activated carbon (AC) is a non-selective adsorbent that is widely used in cigarette filters and greatly reduces various volatile smoke components through physical adsorption. However, the difficulty of this challenge should not be underestimated. When using a cigarette smoke adsorbent, it is required to operate under high flow rate conditions (typical machine smoking conditions are about 1 liter per minute), so the contact time of the smoke component with the filtered adsorbent is very short (several seconds). The adsorbent also needs to act at the gas-solid interface (ie, not in solution), and there are thousands of other chemicals in the gas phase and particulate phase. The surface of the adsorbent is also likely to clog due to condensation of the aerosol particles. For permanent gases and smoke constituents with high vapor pressure at ambient temperature (such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde or HCN), physical adsorption is less effective and an alternative route is required. Cigarette smoke contains some volatile aldehydes, including saturated compounds (such as furfural, acetaldehyde, internal aldehydes and butyraldehyde) and unsaturated compounds (such as acrolein and croton). The presence in the smoke is caused by the burning of the secret ingredients (mainly carbohydrates). In particular, sugar is considered to be the main source of the net in the final smoke. Cellulose is the main precursor of acetaldehyde in mainstream smoke. — Some sources indicate that glycerol (sometimes added to tobacco as a humectant) is an additional precursor to acrolein. Although, it is Jun Jun's; Fu · point is negative temperature, but the mainstream smoke that has left the care is 30% of the 曱〃 _ left in the special phase and can not be selectively filtered at room temperature. The furfural in the special flue phase exists in the hydrated form "CH2(〇H)2" due to the presence of water vapor. B Road (one of the highest output components of the cigarette) is present at its peripheral temperature at its point of view or around, so it has a high vapor pressure. The combination of these two factors has led to a substantial challenge in the substantial removal of acetaldehyde from the plume with the filter additive. A practical way to specifically reduce the specific components of a conventional structure is to upgrade tobacco. Replacing different tobacco species into blends will affect several smoke constituents. For example, the amount of nitrogen-containing smoke constituents of burley tobacco is higher than that of fire-roasted or oriental species, and the amount of furfural and catechol produced by fire-cured tobacco is more. However, reducing one or a certain component often requires adding other components to make up for it. To avoid this, it is beneficial to be able to identify and remove precursors of the smoke constituents from the tobacco leaves. In addition to metal components (chromium, nickel, arsenic, selenium, germanium, and mis-), some tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA ', such as n AT and NAB, which are directly transferred from tobacco leaves) 201247115 are formed by hydrazine thermal synthesis. Therefore, the precursors of volatility, human cerium oxide, and benzene are mostly sugars. The composition of nitrogen-containing smoke consists of: leaf = knives, warfare, and evidence of protein, and the number of cigarettes on the list of the Ministry of Health. ΐΓΐ 助 助 助 助 助 助 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( The demon =-_ is reported as the pyrolysis product of chlorogenic acid. The catechu tea in the scent of scent and the grass replaces the catechu tea, but because of its low catechin and low pyrolysis yield, it is roasted on fire. The pyrolysis product is less than chlorogenic acid in the grass tobacco. The main content of the meta-benzene di(4) is known as rutin. The combination: the combination of the custom-made tobacco blend and the custom-adsorbed antimony additive is more specific. The undesirable mainstream smoke constituents of smoking articles are substantially reduced. (a) Smoke and S, the present invention provides smoking articles comprising at least two of the following: The test ^ ^ δ contains one or more of the low TSNA and / or metal content _ 柃Grass or tobacco grade; it has been treated to remove (iv) and/or peptides (soluble and 5 8 201247115 (c) in grass substitute tablets, containing non-combustible inorganic fillers, binders and aerosol generating appliances; / (d) high activity Carbon, comprising a polymer-derived carbon material; and (e) an amine functionalized chelating resin. In an embodiment, the smoking article according to the present invention is such that at least 75%, preferably at least 90%, and more preferably all of the key mainstream smoke constituents defined herein are reduced. In the present invention, the term "key component" of MS means The literature is identified as a post-gas order that does not t (eg, t'The Scientific Basis of Tobacco Product

Regulation: Report of a WHO Study Group (2007) WHO by heart r/aPC’', Geneva) and/or data provided here have been analyzed (see, for example, Tables 6, 7 and 8). The reduction is preferably determined using the smoking machine conditions listed in Table 3. Preferably, the reduced yield is measured under Health Canada Intense smoking machine conditions. The yield of key ingredients is preferably reduced by at least 5% or at least 1% or more. Preferably, when the smoking article of the present invention comprises a tobacco blend comprising one or more grass or grass grades having a low TSNA and/or metal content, it further comprises as listed in (b) to (e) Two or more other technologies. [Embodiment] A two-low toxicity tobacco blend characterized by tobacco substitute tablet (TSS) or tobacco blend treatment (BT) is combined with an amine-containing functional resin (CR20L) and/or 201247115 high activity carbon adsorbent ( HAC) filter to produce three experimental cigarettes (EC) D The mainstream smoke (Mg) output of the smoke constituents was determined under four different smoking machine conditions. Health Canada Intense (HCI) machine smoking conditions provide the highest MS yield of no nicotine-free particulate matter and most smoke components to be tested. Compare the ec component stems with two commercially available (CC) volumes, three scientific controls (sc), and 120 publicly available volumes. It has been found that ec produces some of the lowest machine component yields that can be utilized for HCI smoke chemistry. Therefore, the comparison results show that the EC produces less MS machine components than commercial cigarettes. The first phase of designing a cigarette-based PREP involves developing techniques to reduce the amount of smoke constituents. These techniques were used to assemble experimental cigarettes (EC), which were then evaluated by a smoking machine; the relevant controls and reference products were compared to indicate the utility of the cigarette design in producing reduced component yields. Compared with the reference product, the EC that can reduce the smoked component of the smoke component is referred to as, reduce the machine output prototype (RMYP). The present invention describes different individual technical means for reducing the composition of the cigarette smoke, one of which involves selection The tobacco blend component provides a blend of precursors with a small amount of known undesirable smoke constituents, two of which are modified to grass, and two of which are modified cigarette filters. Tobacco Blend (TB) , Tobacco Substitute Sheet (TSS) and Tobacco Blend Treatment (BT) reduce the root-derived components in burning cigarettes. Two filtration techniques (amine functionalized resin material (CR2〇L) and high activity polymer derived carbon adsorbent (HAC)) Removal of volatile species from the plume after formation. These techniques will be detailed later (Section 2.1). Tobacco Blends This involves the selection of a tobacco blend component which is in the form of a small amount of undesirable smoke constituents. Precursors, such as TSNA and metals. For example, using a specific (eg, lighter) tobacco 201247115 blend and selecting a portion of the tobacco crop containing a small amount of nitrate (TSNA precursor) can reduce TSNA content. Change blending The tobacco blend may also comprise expanded tobacco, which is expanded tobacco which is expanded to reduce the amount of tobacco burned in the cigarette. The expansion method is similar to the method of manufacturing a popcorn nozzle. Known as dry ice expanded tobacco (DIET), and involves soaking the tobacco structure with liquid carbon dioxide before heating, the carbon dioxide gas generated forces the tobacco to expand. Some of the commercial tobacco brands advertised with low IS tar yield are in the overall blend. Use a certain proportion of expansion in the grass. Tobacco blend treatment and polyphenols are treated to help the yield of tobacco poisons.

Without rebuilding into sheets. The description has been applied to the grass blend, which can be used to remove the protein from the final herb and to be used in the roasting of the enzyme. The aqueous solution of the enzyme has been reused for the use of conventional cigarettes. Replacement piece

A genus of genus, a review, and a film. In this experimental volume, most of the other measurements that reduce the amount of smoke poisoning include up to 60% of the analysis of the mainstream smoke that is shown to contain less than ~. Amine functionalized resin material

I have found that the chemical adsorption energy is from the main. Identification and cross-linking of the second and second batches of 201247115 polystyrene resin and evaluation of its effect as a cigarette filter additive. Materials manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation are usually supplied in the form of beads prepared for use in water, and are sold under the trade name Diaion® CR20 (hereinafter referred to as CR20). This material provides the possibility of nucleophilic capture of aldehydes from mainstream smoke and can also be used to remove HCN from MS due to its weak base nature. The amine functionalized chelating resin material can be incorporated into the filter pores of the smoking article or the filter material (e.g., cellulose acetate) that spreads (spotted) throughout the entire filter or section of the filter. Highly active carbon Highly active materials comprising polymer-derived carbon spheres can be suitably used (Von Blucher and De Ruiter' 2004; Von Bliicher et al., 2006;

Behringer and Fichtner, 2〇〇8) Preparation' and may be taken from Bmcher

GmbH (German-based polymer-derived materials record the effectiveness of volatiles in smoke poisons, which are usually about twice the current carbon footprint of the commonly used coconut shells. Under 1 = 0 and HCI smoking custom, the use of regular and smaller The polymer bamboos that have been rolled up have performed well. It has also been observed that the high-flow rate smoking conditions remove the polar eye. The charcoal can be incorporated into the nozzle hole or dispersed (spot type) of the smoking article throughout the entire or The filter material of the mouth (such as cellulose acetate). The combination of EC and the EC made by the shaft technology. These two prototypes can reduce the smoker's smoke when smoking. The sheep is not, and compared with the relevant market (g 12 201247115 end and various products reported in the literature. The results of this operation confirmed that the development of flammable RMYP is feasible. 2. Materials and methods 2.1 experimental, contrast and comparison cigarette design, The EC was developed in conjunction with the development of a blending and filtration technique to reduce the specific chemical species of tobacco poisons or their precursors (Table 1). Individual EC grades with low TSNA and metal content were selected for each EC, and experiments were provided for blending. Cigarette design is low toxic Table 1. Technical Techniques for Constructing Experimental Cigarettes (EC) Application Cigarette Components Description Potential Reductions Tobacco Blend (TB) Blends Tobacco Blend Components Selected as Precursors with Small Amounts of Bad Tobacco Components TSNA and Metal Tobacco Substitute Tablet (TSS) Blend Tobacco Replacement Tablets Reduce Tobacco Combustibles and Produce Glycerol-Containing Tobacco Tobacco Tobacco Blends Blends (BT) Blends Protease-treated Ends, Reduce Blends Protein nitrogen and polyphenol nitrogen components: aromatic amine, NAB, NAT, NNK, NNN; phenolamine functionalized resin beads (CR20L) The mouth contains amine functionalized resins HCN, HCHO, acetaldehyde in the filter section And other carbonyl and activated carbon (HAC) filters are included in the filter segment of the polymer-derived spherical carbon beads gas phase component 13 201247115 in the grass blend treatment by the L-grass blend to apply an aqueous extraction step The extract is then followed by a filtration stage to remove excess and soluble peptides. The residue is solidified to remove insoluble proteins. After washing and enzyme deactivation, re-, ,, and soot solids and filtered Aqueous, phenol Aldehydes, aromatic amines, HCN and - subtractive ~ ° & the process will lead to the yield of the same and the same dilute dilute will also be his: the smoke output of the smoke component is reduced 'tobacco material to be extracted can be smoke The strip, in a preferred embodiment, is chopped in the grass; ^, chopped or ground in the grass. It can also be extracted from the grass. 4°_The tobacco material can be mixed with the solvent for extraction by the method described. The ratio of the final grass material may be from 10:! to 5 to 40: 1, more preferably 25.1 m · 1 λ. Preferably, 20. 1 , ., , .1 to 30 . In a particular preferred embodiment, the ratio of the added tobacco material is 27: a wide specific example > the granule can be an organic solution 'but preferably a water soluble - the initial solvent is usually water' However, it may also contain an alcohol, for example = two or it may contain a surfactant. Other solvents may be used depending on the methanol. The specific composition of the drought can be extracted at 15 ° C to 85 ° C, preferably: When extracting, it is best to continue the material, accompanied by two. C goes down for 15 minutes to 2 hours. In the preferred embodiment, the extraction is about 20 minutes. In the column, during the stroke, during the extraction, the grass component is soluble in the final grass material. It includes nicotine, sugar, some proteins and enters the makeup acid, pectin, and more phenols and fragrances. Up to about 55% of the initial tobacco weight may become soluble. Importantly, the pectin in the tobacco fibers remains crosslinked throughout the extraction and treatment process to maintain the fibrous structure of the tobacco. Therefore, calcium can be added to the solvent used to extract the tobacco and any solution used downstream of the treatment procedure. After extraction, the slurry was discharged to collect a liquid filtrate ("mother filtrate"). At the same time, the insoluble tobacco residue is further extracted by countercurrent washing while it is being transported to remove as much soluble component as possible from the tobacco. A new solvent is added to the tobacco and the filtrate is collected (washing mash). The wash filtrate is directed to the incoming grass residue traveling on the conveyor belt upstream to recover the wash filtrate. The wash filtrate can be collected and reused several times for incoming tobacco residues, preferably three, four or even five times. The final wash filtrate collected at the front end of the conveyor belt will be concentrated in the soluble tobacco component which has been removed from the tobacco residue as it passes through the length of the filter. The final wash filtrate is added to the new tobacco to form a tobacco slurry for further recovery for extraction. For example, the final wash filtrate can be added to a tobacco mixing tank where a tobacco slurry is formed prior to extraction. Therefore, the extraction method can be a continuous process which utilizes the recovered washing filtrate to extract new tobacco. The tobacco is extracted with a new solvent only at the beginning of the extraction. Once the extraction is started, there is no new solvent for extraction and the solvent consists only of the recovered wash filtrate. When the extraction is continued, the extract in the soluble tobacco component becomes more concentrated. These ingredients include those who enter the solution in the extraction tank during the main extraction (forming the parent filtrate) and those who enter the solution on the horizontal belt filter during the secondary extraction (formation of the wash filtrate). Therefore, the final filtration and liquid contain the mother filtrate and the washing filter and liquid. Thus, the tobacco residue produced after the care will be free of these components soluble in the solvent for extraction. At 15 4 4201247115 f, the filter has been extracted and the extracted tobacco has been extracted to remove the liquid from the machine. The final sputum is processed from the level (hereinafter referred to as the undesirable component of the grass product. The bad component ^ strokes \ remove the final « A ^ * ν X into a knife including protein, multi-peptide, amino acid, (four), sister H ya and _ compounds. However, the ingredients required to contain 1 (such as sugar and nicotine) are still unaffected, so the flavor and smoking properties of the extracted grass are comparable to the raw materials. In the preferred embodiment, the end of the treatment Grass extract to remove protein, polypeptides and/or amino acids. Use of insoluble adsorbents such as hydroxyapatite or bleaching earth ore (eg bentonite or bentonite) to remove up to 60% of the original tobacco material % protein. Tobacco extract is preferably treated with bentonite to remove the multi-peptide from the extract. The amount of bentonite added to the extract may be from 2% to 4% of the weight of the tobacco to be extracted. Alternatively, the tobacco extract may be It is sent to the tank containing the bentonite slurry in water. Suitable for the slurry containing about 7 kg (kg) of bentonite in about 64 kg of water (in an hourly amount), for example, 7.13 kg of bentonite is prepared in about 64.18 kg of water. (hourly amount). In any case, the bentonite concentration should be high enough to The quality is reduced to the protein content of the grass extract, but it should not be too high to avoid extra D and nicotine. The bentonite treatment can also effectively remove the pigmented characters contained in the tobacco extract. If it is not removed, the extract is concentrated. It is easy to turn black. The use of sufficient soil to treat the extract can reduce the amount of pigment compounds and make the appearance of the product not too dark. After the bentonite is smashed, the tobacco extract from the slurry is purified by centrifugation and/or filtration. The tobacco extract may or may be treated to remove the desired one. 0 5 16 201247115 Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) is an insoluble adsorbent for polyphenols, which is traditionally used in the brewing industry to remove more beer. Phenol. The amount of PVPP added to the extract 2 can be 5% - 10 ° / / of the weight of the grass to be extracted initially. The amount of pypp can remove 50 ° / 〇 - 90 〇 / 〇 polyphenol in the solution. The optimum pH for removal of polyphenols by Tobacco Extraction II is about 3. Therefore, adding an appropriate acid (such as gas-gas acid) to reduce the extract can improve the PVPP adsorption efficiency. The alternative method of PVPP adsorption of polyphenols is one or more. Multi-enzyme added to tobacco extract to reduce polyphenols A suitable enzyme is laccase (lacquer oxidase). However, the invention is not limited to the method of removing only protein and/or polyh phenol from tobacco. Alternative or additional enzymes, agents or adsorbents can be used to remove tobacco extracts. Among them, his bad tobacco constituents. Other examples of bad tobacco that can be removed from the extract include nitrates, amines and nitrosamines. If you want to remove multiple components from the tobacco extract, you can connect them in series. :: trough; "different enzymes and agents that should be removed from the bad ingredients: sucking single - cattle 1 'early-tank may contain a plurality of enzymes, agents or adsorbents, and containing - in addition to bad components. For example, bentonite Or the pvpp container can be coated with a protein, an enzyme, or an adsorbent, so that not only J or benzene in the tobacco is removed, but also one or more other undesirable components are removed. After the concentrated extract is removed to remove the selected undesirable components, the extract is preferably at a solid concentration of up to 50% by weight. The use of reverse osmosis can effectively reduce the concentration of solids. Xiangshui Laifa 11, can be further concentrated. Follow the solid. Other concentrated concentrations known to those skilled in the art may be used to reintegrate the concentrated tobacco extract and the extracted tobacco. It is best to extract the valerian extracted from the anti-gluten solution to remove one or more of the stalks before it is recombined. Special selection can be used to remove the selected components of the enzyme for further extraction. In a preferred embodiment, the enzyme is a proteolytic enzyme for removing proteins from tobacco. The enzyme is preferably a bacterial or fungal enzyme, more preferably an enzyme for the food and detergent industry on the market. The enzyme can be selected from the group consisting of SaVinaseTM, Neutl>aseTN/, EnzobakeTM and AlcalaseTM, all available from Novozymes A/S. The amount of proteolytic enzyme added to the grass is preferably 0.1 of the weight of the tobacco material. /. To 5%. For example, the amount of SavinaseTM added to the tobacco can be about 1% by weight. The tobacco can be re-stirred in the selected enzyme solution. The ratio of water to grass in the slurry may be from 10:1 to 50 by weight: preferably from 20: i to 4: 1, more preferably from 25 to 1 to 30. In a particular preferred embodiment, the water to tobacco ratio is 27:1 by weight. The pH of the grass/enzyme mixture should promote optimal enzyme activity. Therefore, it is convenient to feed the final dehydrated felt into a tank which is adjusted in pH by adding a base such as sodium hydroxide. The pH-adjusted tobacco is then fed to the enzyme tank for reaction with the selected enzyme. The grass/enzyme mixture is then passed to a plug flow reactor where enzymatic extraction is carried out. Enzymatic extraction should be carried out at a temperature that promotes optimal enzyme activity. It is best to use a narrow temperature range (such as 30. (: -40. 〇, to avoid enzyme denaturation. When SavinaseTM is selected, the best working condition is 57〇c, pH is 9_u. Enzyme extraction should be carried out for at least '乜 minutes; Shorter time will not be enough for proteolytic enzymes to degrade tobacco protein. If multiple components in the final grass are to be removed, multiple enzyme extractions can be performed. They can be carried out in series' or multiple enzymes can be added in a single-treatment step. In the grass. It can also be introduced into the earliest extraction step of the treatment process, and the enzyme is introduced from the extraction step. The follow-up points of the county are 201247115 Residual: = ί wash = volume: (preferably sodium chloride solution) washing is not soluble in grass 1 Salt flushing can be carried out in a continuous countercurrent manner. f. Flushing with water may not be sufficient to remove all enzymes from the material. Grass also 'remains in tobacco after any salt and water rinse: ΓΓ匕. This is achieved by using steam Fully deal with the grass and deactivate the example in: C will be too much for about 10 minutes:: minutes, but the retention time according to the demand increase microwave plus sand roasting can be hot 4_ "deactivate the enzyme, for example, roast in ρ in another __Specific example towel denaturation (four) deactivation This requires steps to remove the chemical 0 from the grass. The treated processed grass and the concentrated grass: will have ==:==. By extracting from the grass; achieving re-, ~δ. Added grass re-catch = original stroke 1 I lost in the treatment of extracts to remove the bismuth component, and the various tobaccos are not the same. = before, during or after re-combination with the treated extract The standard drying method is to dry the treated grass. The water content of the treated grass is usually about blast. In the preferred embodiment, the gas content is about 14%. The heating dryer (such as curtain) Dryer) 起始 The initial moisture content is reduced to approximately 30%. The second heating dryer (completed dry dryer) is then used to reduce the moisture content to approximately 14%. 2〇l247ii5 The final dried product is processed into a finished product form, such as a sheet, which forms a whole or a part of the cigarette filter. However, since the extraction and treatment removes up to 30% of the original component, the finished product is left per unit weight, , the concentration will be higher than the raw materials. These ingredients include cellulose, burning aldehydes and /, and sugar and The powder produces harmful volatile materials, such as acetaminophen in tobacco. & Grass instead of stalks. The incorporation of grass substitute tablets (TSS) into tobacco blends reduces the smoke of cigarettes: thereby reducing the overall likelihood of cigarette poisoning. Sex. TSS also contains total -, when heated, 'TSS glycerol is released into the plume and contributes to granular smoky oil, 7. This is measured as no nicotine dry particulate matter (NFDPM, also known as, Jiao Gan due to most cigarettes) Designed to meet specific NFDPM output values, so the <=inflow can effectively reduce the sorghum combustion products to the overall NFDPM value. This method is called “dilution.” Incorporating TSS into cigarettes can reduce various materials. 1, including particles and gas phase poisons. The in vitro toxicity test showed that the low degree of smoke particles was proportional to its glycerol content. The human exposure to nicotine lining filter assay reduced the average by 18% and decreased by 14% based on 24-hour urine biomarker analysis. The amount of smoke particles contacted was reduced by an average of 29% according to the mouth test, and the approximate amount was reduced by the concentration of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1 -(3-pyridyl)-indolyl butanol. These results show that the use of grass instead of tablets can reduce exposure to some tobacco poisons. According to the present invention, a smoking article is prepared to include a tobacco substitute sheet material comprising a non-combustible inorganic filler, an alginate binder, and an aerosol generating implement. Advantageously, the tobacco substitute sheet material comprises a non-combustible inorganic filler, a binder and an aerosol generating device as its main component, and the three components preferably comprise a total of 20 5 201247115 at least 85% by weight of the sheet material, more preferably greater than 90%. More preferably, it is about 94% or more by weight of the substitute sheet material. The three components can be used to replace the % of the sheet material. The remaining components are preferably, for example, - or the like, or the like. The other major component (four) is familiar with this technique ^ ° σ. Therefore, tobacco substitute sheet material is very simple in terms of its composition. Here, the term "tobacco instead of sheet material" refers to a material that can be used for smoking articles. This does not necessarily mean that the material itself must be prohibited from burning. The tobacco sheet material is usually made into a sheet and then (4). Then the admixture is substituted for the sheet material. And other materials to make a smokable filler. The present invention further provides a smoking article comprising a smokable filler wrap, the smokable filler is composed of a blend, the smelt comprises a non-combustible inorganic filler, a binder and an aerosol generating device The tobacco replaces the sheet material, and the aerosol transfer efficiency ratio of the smoking article is greater than 4.0. Here, the aerosol transfer efficiency is measured by dividing the aerosol percentage in the smoke by the percentage of aerosol in the smokeable filler. The aerosol transfer efficiency is preferably greater than 5 More preferably greater than 6. The smoking filler for use in the smoking article of the present invention may comprise a blend comprising no more than 75% by weight of the tobacco substitute sheet material. The inorganic filler preferably comprises from 60% to 90°/〇. More preferably more than 70% of the final sheet. Advantageously, the inorganic filler comprises about 74% by weight of the final sheet, but may also be higher in content, for example, the weight of the final sheet. 80%, 85% or 90%. Advantageously, the non-combustible filler comprises a proportion of material having an average particle size of from 500 micrometers (μηι) to 75 μπι. The average particle size of the inorganic filler is preferably from 400 μm to ΙΟΟμπι and greater than 125 μm. Preferably, it is greater than Ι50μπι. Advantageously 21 201247115, the average particle size is or about 17〇μηη, and is 17〇μηι to 2〇〇μηι. This particle size is equivalent to the food grade inorganic filler used in the alternative tobacco product (ie, the particle size is about 2μηι-3μιη) varies greatly. The particle size range of each inorganic filler is mm (1_μηι). The inorganic filler can be ground, grained or settled to a predetermined particle size. Advantageously 'inorganic filler system - or more perlite, Oxidation Shao, Shixi Dangtu, carbonated feed (lime), vermiculite, oxidation town, sulfuric acid town, oxidation, sulfuric acid (gypsum), iron oxide _, pumice, titanium dioxide, Ming _ or he does not dissolve the acid salt, Or other inorganic fillers. The density of the material is up to 5.: gram: cubic centimeter (〆). Advantageously, the inorganic filler has a density of two', preferably less than 2.5 g/cm3, more preferably less than two. Inorganic two inorganic fillers with a density of less than lg/em3 can reduce the product density and improve the ash characteristics. Low reading diameter, (4) Suitable for small particles In the smoking filler, the appropriate sowing material is used instead of the sheet material = average particle size. The static burning rate required for finished smoking articles. 〆 can achieve better 'inorganic needle forest for agglomeration, inorganic filler almost no need to pre-= two:: about 5%-13% of the weight of the filler, better than less than 1Q% of the final advantage, the binder About 75% of the weight of the final sheet or material. The right binder is a mixture of a g-acid salt and a non-ride salt binder. Preferably, it comprises at least 50% of an alginate, more preferably a ^6 (^bey = a better and at least a binder) 70% alginate. When using non-alginate adhesive 22 201247115, the combined bonding dose can be appropriately reduced. Advantageously, the amount of alginate in the binder composition increases with the reduction of the bonding amount. Suitable alginate binder Including soluble alginate, such as ammonium alginate, sodium alginate, sodium alginate, ammonium perlamate, potassium alginate, magnesium alginate, triethanolamine alginate and propylene glycol alginate. Such as cellulose binder Other organic binders such as viscose or gel can also be used in combination with alginate binders. Suitable cellulose binders include cellulose and cellulose derivatives such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sulfhydryl cellulose, and hydroxy Propyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose or cellulose ether. Suitable adhesives include gum arabic, gum, gum tragacanth, karaya gum, locust bean gum, arabe gum, guar gum, coriander seeds Gum or Sanxian gum. Suitable gels include acacia, agarose, carrageenan, fucose Fork red algae. Starch can also be used as an organic binder. Refer to the manual (eg '' / «t / w for Gwms, five. / / er Mcfli / ew / c choose other suitable adhesive. Best bonding agent The alginate binder is mainly used. The present invention is based on the neutralized flavor after combustion, and the alginate is preferred. The aerosol generating device preferably accounts for 5%-20%, more preferably less than 15%, and more preferably. More than 7%, more preferably more than 10%. The aerosol generating device is preferably less than 13%. The aerosol generating device preferably accounts for 11%-13% by weight of the final sheet, advantageously about 11.25% or 12.5. %. The amount of aerosol generating utensil is appropriately selected to combine with the amount of grass material in the blend, and the blend contains a smoking filler of the smoking article. For example, in the case of including a high proportion of sheet material and a low proportion of tobacco material. In the case, a smaller amount of aerosol generating means is required to be filled in the sheet. Alternatively, in a blend comprising a low proportion of sheet material and a high proportion of tobacco material, a larger amount of aerosol generating means is required in the sheet. 23 201247115 A combined aerosol generating device comprising an aerosol forming device, glycerin: C, and three Glycol), vinegar (e.g., acid holding comp _ triacetate, glyceryl diacetate s less), the high point of Buddha hydroxyalkyl - or said lactic acid). An aerosol-forming tool combination can be used; (eg, sorbitol plasticization =: plasticized sheet. A suitable sheet of additional porous structure. Inflated in sheet. Town mold (4) to form a ground, can be sealed Capsules or partial aerosols may be encapsulated or otherwise stabilized as a trace amount may be more than a given range "under, aerosol-generating utensils, flavors, pigments, and/or imparting pigments such as cocoa Ϊ Local regulations, and examples, granular or homogeneous in grass, chocolate 4 toffee. You can also use the powder El5〇a (caramel), Em Li also approved the use of food coloring, such as color HT). Into the ^', color BN), E153 (plant carbon) or E155 (brown is also applicable. For example, including mint and vanilla. Other bonding materials have deep core, stone or other inorganic fillers can make the grass replace the tablet 0 -10. /., and the P ° pigment is preferably at the end of the grass instead of the weight of the sheet material of ^ /% · 7% ° advantageously 'pigment less than the final end of the grass is better than 4, less than 6 %, preferably less than 5%. The amount of pigment used in the village will be 2% and less than 2%. Cocoa money • Grass instead of tablets r ΐ 5% -5%, licorice 〇 -4 ° / °. When the pigment is cocoa or licorice, the second; the minimum cocoa amount of the final color is the final 萆 萆 萆 片 萆 萆 萆 u u u u 2%. Similarly, caramel is the final grass to replace the weight of 才 5%, preferably less than about 2%, more preferably about 5 〇 / lt; ^ its 5 24 201247115 Molasses, malt extract, carob, plum, coffee extract, tea-like sap. In the plum or the grass extract. You can also use the pigment ^ #Local regulations allow, you can also add spices: Flavor and aroma characteristics. It is advantageous to eat the grass instead of 0.4 weight: use: use 4 tablets to pour the pigment into the sheet. Μ can be added to the fiber, such as cellulose fiber or fiber 'Call for sheet hemp.' Higher filling value. If you add people to the strength of the car, the lower density or lower density. One is better;:: Two: no cellulose or other fiber materials exist. ', ° favorable The 'sheet compound=the sheet material is a non-tobacco-containing sheet. It should be understood that the blending flammability is not as good as, for example, 75%), the blend of the compound λ, the bad will be 1 Up to 5〇/〇-10% of carbon pellets, that is, the sheet material is overcome. The carbon is preferably not agglomerated carbonaceous material, and is not mixed with other materials to form agglomerates for pretreatment. Preferably, the material of the grass material is blended to provide a high quality sheet grade of the grass material component which can be smoked. The material is mostly the final yarn. The tobacco material may comprise 20%-100. The swelling grass of the % expansion process, such as DmT. The filling force of this material is 64 cubic centimeters per gram (see GB 1484536 or us 4, 34 〇, 〇 73). Preferably, <30% of other blend components are included, the other blend components are cut stem pieces (CRS), water treated stem pieces (WTS) or steamed stems > 1 (STS) or reconstituted In the grass. The other components preferably account for less than 20% of the final weight of the grass 25 201247115, preferably less than 1%, and more preferably less than 5〇/〇. a. The smoking article according to the present invention preferably comprises a grass material treated with an aerosol generating device. The final grass material can be treated with an aerosol generating device, but not all of the final grass material and sheet blends. The amount of aerosol-generating equipment added to the grass is from 2% to 6% by weight of the tobacco. Advantageously, the total amount of aerosol generating material in the 'processed' tobacco material and sheet blend is 4^42%, preferably less than 1%, more preferably more than 5% by weight of the smokable material. Highly activated carbon The pore structure of the polymer-derived high activity carbon particles used in the two- and three-stage filters differs from the carbon commonly used in commercial cigarettes (which are usually derived from coconut shells). Therefore, it has superior adsorption characteristics for a range of volatile smoke poisons. As shown in Figure 14, in an appropriate way (v〇n Biticher and De

Ruiter' 2004, Von Bliicher et al., 2006; Behringer and

Fichtner, 2008) Preparation of spherulitic polymer-derived carbon. Polymer-derived activated carbon is produced by a batch process and an indirect heating rotary furnace in a reduced pressure, inert atmosphere. After preparing the spherical polymer raw material, the material is thermally stabilized by using excess fuming sulfuric acid. Subsequently, the material was slowly heated to 500 ° C to release the main sulfur dioxide (S02) and water (H2 〇) and the carbonized polymer. The initial pore system of the resulting carbon is not available for typical adsorption. To produce a porous system capable of being adsorbed, the material is further heated to a temperature of from 900 ° C to 1000 ° C to be activated by an oxidizing agent (steam). This will establish a pore system consisting mainly of micropores with a pore size of 0.7 to 3 nanometers (nm). This is followed by activation with carbon dioxide (C〇2) to form a larger mesopores of predominantly 3 to 80 nm. The combined steam and C〇2 activation steps provide a flexible strategy for manufacturing predetermined pore characteristics. 8 26 201247115 钤 Γ is a material of the mouth and has a more distinct spherical uniform particle size. Polymer-derived materials have lower density and less; two levels' reflect the synthetic nature of the polymer starting material as a starting material for carbonization over natural coconut shells. It has been found that, under custom design, polymer-derived carbon has more smoke components than activated coconut shells, and it can remove smoke components other than A-plate, acetic acid, and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) sputum (reduced by 5G%). Reduce _ blessing. Under the two pieces of Ηα, the volume of the coconut fiber used in the end is 25%-45% for most cigarettes except for the purchase of A (4). Cigarettes including polymer-derived carbon reduced the yield of most smoke components except acetaldehyde and HCN (15% _3〇%) by 6〇% and 9〇%. Amine-functionalized resin beads mAI0_CR20 is a commercially available amine functionalized tree, which can be used in the present invention (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation). It has a guanamine group as a chelating ligand for bonding to a ten degree crosslinked porous polystyrene substrate. CR2G shows a strong affinity for transition metal ions. There is no precise control over the type of amino acid that can be functionalized. There may be several different types of resins. It has been found that when commercial grade CR20 (hereinafter referred to as CR2〇c) is incorporated into a cigarette, its characteristic odor is incompatible with the consumer acceptable cigarette characteristics. However, Mitsubishi can greatly reduce the odor intensity after modifying the synthesis conditions, and the low taste, grade CR20 (hereinafter referred to as CR20L). Under this work, all products are referred to as CR20L unless otherwise noted. This material has a particle diameter of 600 mm (mm), a density of 0.64 g/cm3' water content of 15% by weight, and an overall exchange capacity of 0-92 meq/cm3. 27 201247115 Other various types of CR20 are manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, including CR20D and CR20HD. The term ''CR20' is used here to cover all different types or grades of ion exchange resins. Some CR20 beads are prepared in water to make them suitable for cigarette filter applications, which may require removal of at least some water. The water and the dried material are removed to have a moisture content of about 15% or less. In an alternative embodiment, the filter of the smoking article can accept a higher moisture content. CR20 (including a specific CR20L) can be incorporated into the volume. In the filter, the CR20L can effectively reduce HCN, 曱 和 and 乙 。 compared with the carbon containing the conventional carbon. However, in the removal of other volatile components of the smoke, the carbon is more effective than CR20L. The experimental cigarette is 1 to 6 mg. (mg) ISO NFDPM (tar) output is the target, using these techniques to construct cigarettes. Three scientific control cigarettes were also made to evaluate the contribution of filtration technology to reducing EC smoke constituents. Two commercially available comparative cigarettes (Img) are still used. ISO design and 6mg ISO design) were tested. Comparing commercially available brands is based on the actual comparison of cigarettes to evaluate different smoke composition reduction technologies to create a consistent consumer acceptable cigarette design. Also, use commercially available cigarettes. To test the actual reduction of the composition of actual cigarettes, not scientifically controlled cigarettes. Finally, a commercially available reference product can be used to make a comparison between sensory acceptability and human exposure in actual use. In terms of lmg and 6mg (IS0), Commercially available comparison products have similar machine smoking constituents from the market leading brands of Germany in 2007-8. In order to obtain complete information on the brand and the design of the roll and allow the masking of the product to carry out the human sense 5 28 201247115 f and exposure assessment, British American Tobacco (BAT) is used to compare cigarettes rather than the leading brands in the market. Therefore, two commercially available cigarette samples are specially made for these tests, and no brand or other labels are listed to assist people in smoking tests. 2.2 Experiments, comparisons The EC design of the specifications of the control cigarettes adopts the common features: all of them are constructed with a cigarette length of 84 mm (57 mm tobacco rod plus 27 mm filter), the same basic size of 24.6 mm circumference, and the filters are all molded with triethyl citrate. The cellulose acetate (CA) fiber is used as a base material. The tobacco grade with low TSNA and metal content is identified and combined as a tobacco blend prototype. Three different experimental volumes were prepared, and the design characteristics of the three ECs were compared in Table 2 (Fig. 1). The comparison control volume and the commercially available comparison volume are as follows. Experimental cigarette BT1 combined with BT treated tobacco (75.4% processed dimension) Virginia-type tobacco blend with Gentian tobacco, 4.3% oriental tobacco and 20.3% untreated Virginia tobacco) and containing CR2 mash (to reduce furfural, acetaldehyde and HCN) Output) and filter containing polymer-derived high-activity carbon filter segments (to reduce isoprene and other volatile poisons. This volume is 1 mg of target NFDPM under IS〇 machine smoking conditions. The TSS1 is also designed to produce 1 mg of NFDpm under ISO machine smoking conditions and is based on a us-type blend containing TSS (Virginia, burley and oriental tobacco blend). It includes about 20% TSS and the same filter as the experimental cigarette BT1. The experimental cigarette TSS6 also used TSS of 20% different US type blends and was designed to produce 6 mg of NFDPM under ISO machine smoking conditions. Different filter configurations are used with this cigarette: the two-stage filter has 80 mg of high-activity carbon next to the tobacco rod spread over the ca fiber and has a CA segment at the mouth. 29 201247115 Commercially available comparative cigarette CC1 contains us-type blended tobacco, including some Malayan species in grass. Commercially available comparative final CC6 is also a typical US type blended roll, but the blend is different from CC1. Table 2 (Figure 1) summarizes the design characteristics of the three ECs and compares the control cigarettes with the commercially available comparative cigarettes. Two commercially available comparative cigarettes use a single-stage cellulose acetate filter. Three "scientific controls," (SC) cigarette construction and related experimental cigarettes BT1, TSS1 and TSS6, except that the filter used in each control coil was a single 27 mm CA filter with no additional filter adsorption media. Table 2 shows BT1 It is very similar to the cigarette structure of CC1 and has a fairly matched filter venting and paper permeability. The tobacco density and filter pressure drop (extraction resistance or resistance of the flow filter) are slightly different. For both parameters, Βτι is higher than The cigarette structure of ccn.tssi and cci is also very similar. The pressure drop of tssi is higher than that of the commercially available control group, but the tobacco density and filter pressure drop are both greater than CC1. TSS6 and CC6 use less than img(iS0) products. Filter vents. Comparing the two 6mg (ISO) products, TSS6 has a slightly higher tobacco density and pressure drop, while the mouthpiece has a slightly lower ventilation. 2.3 Tobacco chemical analysis Before the chemical analysis of smoke, according to IS0 34〇2 ( 1999) Specification, conditioning of cigarettes. Smoking conditions according to ISO 4387 (2000) (ie 35 ml of cigarettes lasting 2 seconds per 60 seconds, abbreviated to 35/2/60) and IS〇33〇8 (2〇〇 〇) (developed for NFDPM and nicotine analysis) for routine chemistry Analysis: About 150 kinds of smoke components are regarded as poisons, and some authorities have requested the output of one of the subsets (about 40 species). "There are some restrictions on the yield of poisons (published by Burns et al. (2008). "Mandated i〇wering 〇f 201247115 toxicants in cigarette smoke: a description of the World Health Organization TobReg proposal; Tob. Control 17, 132-141") and its biological monitoring methods (Hecht, SS et al. (2010) published literature ''Applying tobacco carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers in product regulation and cancer prevention; Chem. Res. Toxicol. 23, 1001-1008"). For these reasons and to more accurately depict EC features, the MS yield of more species of smoke (47 analytes) will be measured. The other 100 toxicants not tested in this assignment were not measured due to lack of validated analytical methods. By direct measurement and as part of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) series, benzopyrene yields can be obtained twice. Measurement of other analytes requires minor modifications to ISO smoking parameters. Current methods are available from British American (British American)

Tobacco) (www.batscience.com/groupms/sites/BAT_7AWFH3 .nsf/vwPagesWebLive/D07AXLPY?opendocument&SKN=l) . Measuring the amount of smoke from a smoking machine does not mimic the amount of smoking, so it is intended to test all RTPs at various smoking machine settings to assess machine yield performance under a variety of possible smoking conditions. These modified smoking conditions are listed in Table 3. Table 3 Smoking machine parameters Smoking instructions Abbreviation Tobacco volume Tobacco continuous Tobacco interval Filter vents (ml) Time (seconds) Time (seconds) Blockage (%) ISO ISO 35 2 60 0 3308/4387 31 201247115

Health Canada Intense HCI 55 2 30 100 Health Canada Intense-Wheel Vents Open HCI- VO 55 2 30 0 ISO WG 9 Intense Option B WG9B 60 2 30 50 Sidestreams are also measured as described by Health Canada (1"9) Smoke (SS) yield, but it is skewed against various smoke components only under ISO smoke generation parameters. The % test was performed by Labstat International ULC. 2.4 Statistical analysis The two-tailed execution using 黯abvl6 does not count the amount of smoke from different cigarette types. * and , very awkward, dead. y ^ ^ which shows significant levels ρ <0·01 and Ρ<〇.=, any 〉 value >0.05 is significant (NS).

DarHng statistical method, the normal distribution 2\= ‘And_ department, toilet, .c. She and others, the average of the public data set (Canadian Health Assessment 4 丨丨田μ·· u κ~a ‘Australian Health Ministry' 2002). Use the percentile distribution of the seam data built into Minitab ν16. , cumulative distribution analysis, calculation of poisons 3. Results and discussion Under some machine smoking conditions, drums

The amount of material was subjected to an EC test to quantify the actual properties of the (10) component and the specific toxicity from ^4. $ & chemistry and smoke chemistry review EC 32 201247115 Also use the ISO smoking data chart to measure EC SS emissions. Experiments were conducted on the basis of a comparison between two commercially available cigarettes and three scientific control cigarettes. Finally, the overall performance of the EC was evaluated by comparing the previously published cigarette MS output data and the ratio of specific toxic yield to nicotine yield in several countries. 3.1 Mainstream smoke constituents Table 4 (Figure 2) lists the major tobacco yields* (NFdpm, nicotine and C0) and glycerol yield under four smoking machine conditions. This table includes glycerol measurements because tobacco substitute tablets for EC TSS1 and TSS6 have been incorporated into glycerin to dilute other smoke components in the smoke specific phase. Table 4 shows that the MS NFDPM of BT1 and CC1 under four smoking customizations is very compatible with the nicotine yield, but the CO yield of BT1 is less than that of CC1. TFS1 and CC1 have a good match between NFDPM and nicotine yield under the four smoking rules, but TSS1 has less CO yield than CC1. TSS1 has a higher glycerol yield, which is consistent with the expected dilution effect of the glycerol content of TSS. The MS NFDPM of TSS6 and CC6 under four smoking customizations is very compatible with the nicotine yield. Except for CC6, the TSS6 is expected to have higher glycerol yield. Depending on the smoking machine conditions: ISO < HCI-VO < WG9B < HCI, the output of these major smoke analytes was measured in the same order. The difference in the output of 1 mg products in different custom is substantially greater than 6 mg. 'For lmg products, WG9B and HCI custom vent obstruction have far-reaching effects due to the higher degree of ventilation. For the 6 mg product, some custom major smoke measurements (Nfdpm, nicotine and CO) differed very little (5%·10%). The 47 toxicants quantified in this operation were also measured under all smoking machine conditions listed in Table 3, except that EC TSS1 and ΒΪ1 were not collected under ISO machine suction 33 201247115. This is because the initial operation shows many components. The yield is below the quantitative limit (LOQ) of the method. The machine smoking output of these poisons is usually sorted according to the NFDPM, nicotine and c〇 listed in Table 4, so the rest of the paper only describes the yield obtained under HCI conditions. Observe some consistency exceptions in addition to the general output trend. Among all products, volatile phenol, quinoline and hydrazine did not increase systematically with the increase in the custom strength of smoking and the measurement of major smoke; the measurement of benzopyrene in the arsenic, phenanthrene and PAH series also showed that most products have this behavior. . In particular, although HCI customization produces more total smoke, these species are more custom-made under WG9B customization than HCI customization. It is known to use a cellulose acetate filter to selectively remove volatile benzene from the smoke; the observed consistent behavior herein can indicate some of the filtration efficiency changes of these species under WG9B and HCI customization. Alternatively, it can represent some of the analytical weaknesses of the measurement method under high-intensity smoking customization. Observing similar changes in some of the more specific analytes (eg, from the other five product trends under various smoking customizations, it was found that CC1's 1,3·butadiene yield was less than expected); this is especially true for 6 mg products. When similar amounts of NFDPM are produced under different smoking customizations, these observations may be analytical errors or reflect the analytical ability limits of the analytical technique. This assignment uses the HCI Smoking Customized Representative to conduct the most rigorous testing of EC and commercial comparisons. Although these smoking conditions passivate the design features of the EC and commercially available cigarettes (filter vents), it is still a measure of the machine output obtained from the ventilation. 3.1.1 Metal and tSNA production control list includes two groups of toxic substances of metal and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA). These two groups of poisons are mainly affected by tobacco blends for cigarette manufacturing, so it is 5 34 2〇1247115. The blend is effective in reducing the amount of smoke. Table 5 (Fig. 3) lists the chemical analysis of the blended metal with butyl SNA, and Table 6 (Fig. 4) lists the MS yield of the HCI smoking machine condition f. The output of each EC will be discussed in sections 3.1.2.1 through 3.1.2.3 below. 3·1·2 Other Toxic Emissions Table 7 (Figure 5) shows the comparison of the smoke constituents of EC and commercially available control groups under HCI smoking machine conditions. The output of each EC will be discussed in Section 3.1.2.1, Section 3.1.2.3 below. 3.1.2.1 化学1 The chemical measurement of the blend (Table 5) shows that the arsenic and chromium content of ΒΤ1 is statistically significantly higher than the blending error and nickel content of the commercially available coil CC1 ΒΤ1. Except for arsenic and mercury, the amount of MS in the metal of ΒΤ1 is equivalent to or less than the amount of CC1. More arsenic output may be due to the higher content of arsenic metal blending, but the mercury blending content of BT1 is equivalent to or less than CC1 and lower than the LOQ of this metal (Table 5), so the mercury output cannot be blended. Interpretation and possibly processing 0 As compared to previous Virginia-US blended cigarettes, BT1 has a lower blended nitrosamine content than the US blended commercial comparative group CC1. For two reasons, the MS yield of the nitrogenous component of BT1 is expected to be less than that of CC1: first, tobacco treatment will reduce the precursor of nitrogen-containing compounds; second, the nitrogen-containing smoke produced by Virginia-type tobacco will be The amount is usually less than that of US blended cigarettes. The yield measurement of nitrogen-containing compounds showed the expected difference: the TSNA yield of BT1 (83°/〇-96%) was statistically significantly less than CC1 (Table 6); the aromatic amine yield of BT1 was 26%-57% less than CC1. (Table 7); The yield of other nitrogenous compounds of BT1 is also 35 201247115. The quality of CC1 is less than that of CC1 (HCN is 82% less, NO is 79% less, ammonia is 75% lower, 97% less than °, 67% less quinoline, and 69% less acrylonitrile). These materials are also selected for the compound, using the Βτ method (and incorporating hcn yields such as 〇 into the mouth) to allow Ec to produce less expected toxic emissions. The 屮吾τ方 can also reduce the amount of polyphenols blended, so it is also expected to reduce the amount of bismuth in the Ms phenols. The virgins of the virgin products are usually more than the US blended products. Reduce the reduction effect of the BT method. Comparing the amount of secret compounds of CC1 and BT1 in a mixed situation: the amount of benzene, the age of the pair and the amount of meta-phenylene are less than BT1, while the yield of phthalate, phthalate and bisphenol is higher than BT1 ( Table 7). _ BT method; I; impact material $ output and pAH analysis, the current study shows that BT1 芴, Philippine, 芘 and 笨 佑 and the amount of cci is comparable. In addition to the amount of formic acid (41%), the amount of BT1 was less (26% ^ 74% less). Compared with the output of various components of CC1, the volatile hydrocarbons produced by hydrazine are less, among which isoprene, benzene, toluene and Cai are 21% to 78%; and BT1 is less than 1> CC1 is 35 〇/〇. Under the Ηα customization, the 1,3-butadiene output of ^ is less than expected, so the observation is not reliable. The observed differences in the amount of volatile components are mostly consistent with the effective gas phase adsorbents used in the mouth. The amount of furfural output depends in part on the amount of sugar, and the amount of sugar in the Virginia-type blend is generally higher than in the US blend. The amount of formaldehyde produced is also increased by the blend processing method. Therefore, according to the knowledge of the production of furfural in cigarettes, it can be understood that βτι has more furfural output. The measurement error of cci can be significantly higher than that of BT1. This is because there is no obvious mechanical factor to support this difference (statistically, the material processing will provide the axis) Μ 5 36 201247115 Change in diene output 'The use of a gas phase adsorbent in BT1 filters should result in less 1,3-butadiene output from BT1). Section 3.2 will emphasize the contribution of BT1 blends and selective filters to overall smoke toxic reduction, which is consistent with the higher furfural yields due to the chemical factors of the blend (Table 7). 3.1.2.2 TSS1 For some metals (arsenic, chromium and nickel), the overall blended metal content of TSS1 is higher than CC1 but the cadmium content is lower. Other metals have no difference (Table 5). TSS contains a high proportion of quicklime 'which will contribute a portion of the blended metal. TSS analysis showed that the chromium content was higher than TSS1, and the other measured metal amounts were not much or low. Therefore, TSS1 has a higher chromium content than CC1. It is most likely due to the inclusion of TSS material. The amount of Nanzhong and nickel is probably due to the different types of tobacco used in the blend. It should be noted that due to the different chemical forms (and volatility) of trace metals in quicklime and tobacco, the efficiency of TSS transfer metals does not need to be the same as that of grass.

kind. Therefore, comparing TSS1 and CC1 found that there was little or no statistically significant difference in metal yield in MS under HCI smoking machine conditions (Table 6), and the content of nitrosamine in TSS1 was less than that of CC1 (23%-72%). Table 5), the TSNA of TSS1 was correspondingly less than CC1 (17% to 69%) under HCI smoking machine conditions (Table 6). The total number of TSS1 (29%-57%), several (44%-86%), PAH (8% to 71%) and mixed volatile components (27% to 94%) is significantly higher than that of TSS1. CC1 was less, but the difference in catechol, hydroquinone and benzopyrene was not statistically significant (Table 7 shows that TSS1 has less toxic yields in various test analytes' Therefore, it can be proved that TSS and three-stage ferry can reduce the total Ms poison yield of EC. 201247115 3·1·2.3 TSS6, TSS6 and CC6 have similar blending metal content, but statistically, TSS6 has obvious chromium and cadmium blending amount. Higher ◊ As mentioned above, the higher chrome content is most likely to be high in inorganic content, and the higher cadmium is most likely due to the use of different tobacco species for the two blends. The cadmium and chromium of TSS6 are determined under HCI smoking machine conditions. The yield was not more than that of CC6 (Table 6), which again confirmed that the chemical form of the metal in the EC and the commercially available comparative group was different and was unlikely to be transferred to MS. The blended nitrosamine content of TSS6 (39% to 54%) was higher than that of CC6. The blend was low (Table 5). Furthermore, this lower blended nitrosamine content was converted to a lower MS yield (37% to 50%) of TSNA under HCI smoking machine conditions (Table 6). ,except There was no significant difference between the values of 1_ and 2_amine naphthalene and p-cresol and the amount of ammonia (13%) was not significantly different from that of CC6 (Table 7). TSS0 was in all other measured chemical species # MS iU (Aromatic amines (13%-20%), phenolic acids (8/ό 32/ί>), & (35%_85%), PAH (18%-81%) and mixed volatile poisons (41 /._96 ° /.)) significantly less than the amount of CC6. These data again confirmed the reduction of all types of measured poisons, so TSS can obviously reduce the overall MS toxic emissions as expected for Ec. 3.2 According to the mouth comparison from the MS listed in Table 7 According to the output data, except for the furfural and U·butene of BT1, all of the £C provides less carbonyl and gas phase than the commercial ones. For a clearer understanding of the blend and selectivity. The contribution of the filter to the overall smoke composition reduction is directly compared to EC and control cigarettes (SC_BT1, SC-TSS1 and SC-TSS6), which are in all respects and appropriate EC except for the use of a single-stage CA filter without adsorbent. Similarly, Tables 8 and 9 (Fig. 6 201247115 and Figure 7 respectively) show the comparison of the EC and the control volume and other gas phase components. It is clear from these data that carbonyl and other gases The phase component yield was reduced by the presence of a three-stage filter containing CR20L and EC BT1 and TSS1 high-activity carbon (Table 8). Among all the measured volatile components of BT1, the average change in Ms yield was lower than that of the control cigarette. SC_BT1 is reduced by 50%, of which B is reduced by 23%, and crotonaldehyde is reduced by 79%. TSS1 also has a very similar reduction effect, which is reduced by an average of 50%, which is 10% less than SC-TSS1, and crotonaldehyde is reduced. The output was reduced by 79%. It can be seen from Table 9 that the two-stage filtration and the mouth containing the additional polymer-derived carbon but no CR20L resin (such as for TSS6) also reduce the gas phase smoke component output by an average of 48%, wherein the acetaldehyde output is reduced by 11%. The yield of crotonaldehyde was reduced by 79〇/〇. Together, these data demonstrate the use of a selective filter for E C to remove large amounts of volatile smoke components from the final M 8 and to determine previous filtered adsorbent tests. The MS yield of all EC and 1,3-carboxylic acid and 1,3-butadiene was less than the final measurement of the scientific control. Compared with the TSS1/SC-TSS1 group, the reduction of 1.9 μg/volume in (Kg/cig) (10%) ' BT1/SC-BT1 group reduces the amount of formaldehyde emission from the higher starting value (53pg/cig or 53%) indicates that the performance of the CR20L resin for removing formaldehyde in the MS is higher than that of the activated carbon. Comparing BT1 with the commercially available final CC1 (Table 7), it was found that 曱Sk·1 was more likely to be different due to the mixed composition. Similar comparisons have also confirmed that the 1,3-butadiene output of BT1 is more likely to be due to the CC1 1,3-butadiene measurement analysis error. 3.3 Comparison of EC toxicant output and public cigarette brand data This article focuses on comparing EC toxicant yields with the output of two commercial comparison volumes. However, in order to thoroughly confirm whether the EC provides a machine that is less than the market volume that is used in the market, it is necessary to compare the output with various cigarettes. Compare the absolute output of the EC with other published information obtained under HCI smoking conditions (ie: (1) Canadian Health (2004) published literature" Constituents and emissions reported for cigarettes sold in Canada", http:/ /www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hc-ps/alt_formats/hecs-sesc/pdf/tobac tabac/legislation/reg/indust/constitu-eng.pdf (accessed November 2010); data taken from TRR_RRRT@hc-sc.gc.ca; (2) The literature published by Counts, Μ·Ε. et al. (2005) 'Smoke composition and predicting relationships for international commercial cigarettes smoked with three machine-smoking conditions; Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 41, 185-227”; and (3) Australian Department of Health and Ageing: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Conte nt/tobacco-emis (England 2010 11 Monthly access)). However, it should be noted that because it is difficult to analyze the definition of smoke components other than NFDPM, nicotine and CO in various laboratories, the comparison results should be handled carefully. The above three sources are compiled into data sets to Provide global cigarette output data The collection can be compared with the toxic yield of the EC described in this article. The complete data set is truncated as follows: First, delete the data set of Shishen, mercapto ethyl ketone, nickel and selenium, because all three sources are No supply was provided; second, some brands of the data set were deleted due to incomplete, duplicate or erroneous data (the two brands of the HC data set seem to have errors (opposed) of benzene and styrene output; GitanesKS HC The dataset does not provide tar, nicotine, and CO yields, and there are multiple copies of the same data in the HC data set. Finally, delete the reference product of the dataset to ensure that only commercially available brands are included. The 201247115 dataset so obtained It will cover 120 cigarette brands in 16 countries. Although extensive, whether in design features or as a representative sample of global brands, this data set is unlikely to fully represent the globally sold cigarette products. There are limits to these aspects, but it does establish an effective comparison set for the toxic emissions of these ECs. Check the data to see if it is normal. Although some of the toxicants in the dataset are normally distributed, most (especially nitrogen-containing toxicants such as TSNA and aromatic amines) do not. Therefore, the reference set needs to be processed by empirical cumulative distribution analysis to produce a percentile distribution of toxic emissions. The EC's output and empirical cumulative distribution are then compared to determine the location of these outputs compared to commercially available brands (Figures 8 and 9). It has been found that the EC yield falls below the broad range of toxicants and typically provides a lower specific toxic value than any product in the marketed brand data set. However, the catechol yield of BT1 and the NO and TSNA yields of TSS1 and TSS6 are exceptional, and the yield is approximately equal to the median value of the commercially available product data set. Conversely, the volume of commercially available comparative volumes in CC1 and CC6 is usually distributed in the range of the market data set. Further comparisons were conducted to examine the total amount of poisons in each of the commercially available products in the EC and datasets in three ways. The first method is to add up to 39 toxicants from each cigarette to provide overall toxic yield (TTY) for each brand. This method has limited utility because the TTY values of each brand depend mainly on tar, CO and nicotine, and many other toxicants do not contribute significantly to the total value. The second way is to sum up all toxic emissions from each cigarette (but exclude tar, nicotine, and CO emissions) to provide overall toxic sub-collection (TSY). The third normalization method provides a deeper understanding of all toxicant contributions, and it calculates the median value of each toxicant in the market data set. The median value of each 201247115 = object is normalized to 100, and corresponds to 100, and the poison is adjusted proportionally. The total normalized toxicant output (NTT) of each brand is obtained by taking the proportion of all poisons. Compare the TTY, TSY and NTT values of the EC with the values and rankings of all brands in the 10th to = map market dataset. The comparison results are not obvious. In various ways, the EC system ranks at the bottom of the ranking. In all ways, ImgEC has the least overall toxic yield, and 6mgE (: TSY* NTT is also lower than any commercially available brand. In the ττγ analysis, two of the 12 commercially available products have lower enthalpy than TSS6' Because it has lower tar and nicotine values, it also has a fairly low overall toxic value compared to the commercially available brand data set 'commercially available cigarettes CC1 and CC6, which fall below the smaller quartile of the values. The analysis shows that the EC provides some minimum machine poison yield for cigarettes that have access to open HCI smoking chemistry. Therefore, these comparisons confirm that there is less machine poison output than known commercial cigarettes. 3.4 Comparison with nicotine The amount of ec indicated by the ratio is limited to the evaluation of the machine yield of the poison. However, it is reported that the ratio of tobacco smoke to MS nicotine yield is better than the single MS yield value to predict the amount of toxicant smoked by the smoker. Therefore, the MS component measured here is calculated. The ratio of yield to MS nicotine output (measured under HCI smoking machine conditions) and the schedule (Table 10 '8A and 8B). Under HCI machine smoking conditions, NFDPM of BT1, TSS1 and CC1 Quite, but the nicotine yield of BT1 is slightly higher, and the nicotine yield of TSS1 is slightly less than CC1 (Table 4 and Table 7). The yield of EC is calculated by the ratio of nicotine yield and compared with CC1 and CC6. The trend is the same as the comparison of the volume per volume, but the value of BT1 is significantly smaller than CC1, and the value of TSS1 is not much less than that of cci. 5 42 201247115 3.5 The amount of sidestream smoke is the chemical analysis of EC emissions. It measures the amount of SS produced by the expanded smoking constituents under ISO smoking parameters. The ISO smoking parameter is chosen because it produces more SS yield than any other smoking custom. Usually, under any smoking custom, sidestream smoke is expected. It is related to tobacco consumption during static burning or smoking smoldering. The SS yield results are shown in Table 10 to compare EC BT1 and TSS1 with commercial cigarette CC1. Statistically, lateral flow NFDPM yield of BT1 (21%) And several components such as benzopyrene (28%), phenolic (28%-77%), carbonyl (22%-63%) and volatile hydrocarbons (20%-24〇/〇) are significantly more than CC1. Conversely, BT1 contains less nitrogen-containing SS components than CC1, such as TSNA (31%-82%), HCN (47%), aromatic amines (21%-40%), Oxides, pyridines and quinolines (19%-35°/〇). These changes have been previously described (Liu et al., 2010), but BT1 has more SS tannic acid output and less than expected TSNA yields. The chemical difference between Virginia and US blended tobacco will also affect the SS yield of individual components. Finally, the tobacco weight of BT1, which is 13% heavier than CC1, will also contribute to the increase in observations. Many SSs of EC Cigarette TSS1 The amount of smoke components is less than that of CC1. The maximum SS output difference is TSNA, where TSS1 is 28% to 52% less than cci. These observations are consistent with observations of MS yield trends for these species. The widespread reduction is highly likely to reflect the reduction in the quality of tobacco produced by the incorporation of TSS into cigarettes, thereby reducing the overall amount of smoke produced. Statistically, the amount of lateral component of TSS1 was significantly higher than that of CC1 (furfural 19%). More SS furfural yields were also observed to include higher TSS levels (McAdam et al., 2010), which means that furfural may be a by-product of combustion for organic materials produced by TSS. 43 201247115 4. Conclusions Participating in Zhao Heji shooting three Ec and smoking in four different machines + sighing chemical test can confirm that the Ec & MS no amount will reduce the total ants in the public Ms poison The value, although the BT1 seems to be more, but even if ranked according to the nicotine output, the performance of these ECs, good. The data in this paper supports the use of these Ec as a means of reducing the amount of machine production. The previous data from the EC produced by the TSS method showed that when the smoker made 24 ΜΥΡ, there were fewer biomarkers in contact with the MS toxicant. Although the target RMYp can obtain a low overall toxic machine output, its performance relative to the commercially available comparison group and other published toxic emissions data still requires a large amount of = learning data including contact biomarkers and biological action biomarkers to determine Whether this product is associated with a lower health risk, it is not certain that these RMYPs meet the I〇M definition of pREp. However, the results of the Xianxin study are sufficient to encourage further work, including the research and further application of these RMYP biomarkers and their manufacturing techniques. 5. Prototype Smoking Objects Three prototype RTP smoking articles were made in accordance with the present invention. The cigarette has an extra large size with a filter length of 27 mm and a tobacco rod of 56 mm. The prototype tobacco rod comprises a mixture of flakes, expanded tobacco and non-tobacco sheets or modified tobacco. Conventional rolls are used on paper to form tobacco rods and to ensure a burning rate and a subsequent number of cigarettes. The two prototype filters consist of a CA port end section (length 7 mm), a CA intermediate section containing CR20HD ion exchange resin (length 10 mm), and a spotted end grass section containing 201247115 carbon beads with processed microstructures (long 1Gmm) consists of a three-stage filter. Third, the prototype filter is a two-stage filter consisting of a CA mouth end section (length 15 mm) and a spotted tobacco end section (length 12 mm) containing a high activity polymer. The prototype cigarettes were manufactured to provide ISONFDPM yields of 1 mg (T562m3H671) and 6 mg (F752). Tables n through 13 detail the prototype volume specifications. .. ^ Grass Blend Specification Prototype _ TS62(lmg) H671(lmg) F752(6mg) Flake (%wwb) ___40 12.5 55.0 Expanded Grass a (%wwb) 40 --- — 12.5 Expanded in Grass b (% Wwb) 25.0 modified psyllium c (%wwb) _ 75 non-tobacco tablets d (%wwb) 20 20 added top spices 0.8 0.8 0.8 (AWOLS A) (%wwb) aa is 8.8 shame..^ .

Aurora: 100% fire-boiled grass. bSCB: 50% fire-baked, 5〇〇/0 ribs. C uses the final blend to treat the final grass. Non-tobacco tablets TSS with the following specifications: quicklime (78.5%), Kelvis alginate (7,5%), glycerol (I2.5%) and caramel G 5%) (manufacturer: De丨i_HTL) . Wife 12-volume final specification prototype - _* w '钃, TS62 (lmg) H671 (lmg) F752 (6mg) circumference (mm) 24.6 24.6 24.6 45 201247115 total length (mm) 83 83 83 in the length of the straw (mm) 56 56 56 rolls on paper CP 50-23 VGM CP 50-23 VGM CP 50-23 VGM 2.0 KCM 2.0 KCM 2.0 KCM Vent type OML OML OML Total number of vents 80 80 46 (ST+OML)(°/〇) Density (mg /cubic centimeter) 216 247 235 Cigarette pressure drop (mmWG) 97 91 109 Cigarette firmness (%) TBC TBC TBC tar (NFDPM) (mg) 1.0 1.2 5.3 Nicotine (mg) 0.08 0.10 0.43 Carbon monoxide (mg) 1.0 1.0 4.9 13 filter specification code T562 (lmg) H671 (lmg) F752 (6mg) filter code (Filtrona, US SAM SAM SAM country) 013108-031 013108-031 020608-040 total length (mm) 27 27 27 mouth end segment Length (mm) 7 7 15 Intermediate section length (mm) 10 10 - Tobacco section length (mm) 10 10 12 End section fiber bundle Single CA Single CA Single CA Intermediate section fiber bundle a CA + 20mg CA + 20mg - 5 46 201247115 Tobacco end fiber bundle b Overall filter pressure drop (mmWG) CR20 HD CR20 HD b CA + 60mg CA + 60mg CA + 80m g ----— Blticher Carbon Charcoal Blticher Carbon Blticer Carbon ~-- 150 -------- 142 114 ----—, PW600043 PW600043 PW600043 Resin (Manufacturer: Mitsubishi (Product Name: Diaion Roll Paper a CR20HD = CR20D). B1UChei^Spherical carbon beads (manufacturer: AdsorTech.) Complete two or three stages of roll paper. 6. Tobacco poison contact test This test is to assess the exposure of smokers in smokers. Biomarker (BoE) 'It was replaced from a conventional roll to a poison-reducing prototype according to the present invention. In combination with the above detailed technique, an RTP of 6 mg and two imgIS tar yields was produced. Shown.

UlJ type prototype product identification and description of the grass compound tobacco filter ISO* tar output target (actual value) HCI# tar output (actual value) CC6 with 6mg ISO custom cigarettes based on 100% US type &; grass compound----- single stage: CA 6mg (5.0mg) 24.4mg 47 201247115 control group TSS6 6mg ISO tar prototype 80% US type tobacco blend 20% tobacco replacement tablets two segments: CA + carbon (80mg) 6mg (5_3mg) 20.7mg CC1 Control group based on 1 mg of ISO tar commercial cigarettes 100% US type tobacco blend single section: CA lmg (1.2mg) 18.9mg TSS1 1 mg ISO tar prototype 80 % US Tobacco Blend 20% Tobacco Replacement Tablets: CA + Carbon (60mg) + Resin (20mg) lmg (1-Omg) 17.3mg BT1 1 mg ISO Tar Prototype with Tobacco Blend Modification 25% Virginia type tobacco blend (untreated) 75% Virginia type tobacco blend (treated) Three stages: CA + carbon (60 mg) + resin (20 mg) lmg (1.2 mg) 17.8 mg * ISO customization = 35 ml volume of cigarette, duration 2 seconds, interval 60 seconds, filter vents 100% open. # HCI(Health Canada Intense) Customized = 55 ml of cigarette volume, 2 seconds duration, 30 seconds interval, 100% blockage of filter vents. 5 48 201247115 See Table 15 (Figure 15). Tobacco chemistry shows an effective reduction in toxicology compared to conventional control cigarette designs. As shown in Figure 16, a six-week, single-center, single-blind, randomized controlled exchange study was conducted with occasional clinical confinement. A total of 301 healthy adult subjects were enrolled in the study: 100 smokers used 6-7 mg ISO tar cigarettes (assigned to the 6 mg group), 151 smokers used tar cigarettes (assigned to the lmg group) and 50 Non-smokers. The recruited smokers were randomly assigned to their tar group control or s test group, each group of about 5 。. All smokers were aspirated to supply control products for 2 weeks, followed by baseline measurements on day 14. The control group smokers continued to aspirate the control product for another 4 weeks, and the test group smokers switched to aspiration RTP for 4 weeks. In each case, measurements were taken on day 28 (two weeks) and on day (weeks). The non-smoker group provided background indications for biomarkers. Three segments (smokers) and two segments (non-smoking) in clinical confinement Smoker) During the short period (see Figure 16) 'Collect 24-hour urine samples, and analyze the amount of urine biomarker exposure to estimate the amount of exposure to the secret ingredient. The lc marriage (10) method for the analysis of urine biomarker exposure. Compare RTP (4) When learning and controlling secrets, the money is measured purely (10%-96%), the actual amount depends on the design and poison (see the table. The only product (BT1) has more output, and it produces more than 16% of nicotine. And the above-mentioned 1,3-butadiene, but this product also has the largest overall reduction in all other toxicants: > ΐ. The direction of the corresponding biomarker and the relevant magnitude change are consistent with the change in smoke chemistry (Table 15 and Figures 17 and 18), but in a few cases, smoke will decrease with increasing biomarkers (nicotine and NNK for TSS1), or smoke will increase with increasing biomarkers (Βτι的丁一' 49 201247115 ene). The reason for the difference is unknown, but may involve analysis Or smoker behavior. The chart shows the biomarker results for Group 2, which was changed from control cigarette CC6 (Day 14) to test cigarette TSS6 (Day 41). * indicates results from Day 14 to Day 41. Significant difference (p^).01). The biomarker amount of non-smokers is for reference. All non-smokers are significantly smaller than the fourth day. Figure 18 shows the control cigarette CC1 (Day 14) Replace the biomarker results of Group 4 of the test cigarette TSS1 (Day 41) with Group 5 from the control cigarette CC1 (Day 14) to the test cigarette BT1 (Day 41). The study found that 'replacement to reduce poisons The cigarette smoker group of the prototype cigarette had an average corresponding biomarker exposure (BqE), which included BoE of particulate and gas phase poisons: different prototypes produced different BqE reductions, and in some cases, = seven combination techniques However, the reduction is substantially greater than 50%. Usually, the reduction in biomass is mostly apparent after two weeks of pumping. In all cases, the average biomarker of the smoker group is lower. n, the main ^ first degree is also true ^ 'The smoker can be effective after switching from the customary volume to the prototype of the 毋 根据 according to the present invention. Less than the BoE poisons of various BoE. [Simple diagram of the diagram] Figure 1 shows Table 2, Figure 2 shows Table 4, the main component output. It lists the cigarette component breakdown. It is listed under different smoking machine conditions. Figure 3 of the cigarette is shown in Table 5 'The Μ Μ 金属 特 特 特 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 Figures 5A, 5B, and 5C show Table 7, which lists the MS yield of other smoke components measured under Health Canada Intense smoking machine conditions. Figure 6 shows Table 8, which shows the MS yields of carbonyl and mixed volatile and particulate smoke constituents in the control and three-stage filter EC under Health Canada Intense smoking machine conditions. Figure 7 shows Table 9, which shows the MS yields of carbonyl and mixed volatile and particulate smoke constituents in the control and two-stage filter EC under Health Canada Intense smoking machine conditions. Figures 8A and 8B show a table 10 listing the amount of sidestream smoke under ISO smoking machine conditions. Figure 9 shows the output of HCI machine toxicants compared to EC (1 mg ISO) and published sources. Figure 10 shows the output of HCI machine toxicants compared to EC (6 mg ISO) and published sources. Figure 11 shows the overall toxic yield (TTY) of the EC yield and published HCI output data. Figure 12 shows the overall toxicant subset (TSY) of the EC yield and published HCI output data. Figure 13 shows the overall normalized toxicant output (NTT) comparing EC and published HCI data. Figure 14 outlines a method of preparing a highly reactive polymer-derived carbon. Figure 15 illustrates Table 15, which lists the changes in smoke and biomarkers of the test product compared to the control cigarette. 51 201247115 Figure 16 shows the in vivo test design. Figures 17 and 18 show the results of in vivo testing. [Main component symbol description] None 5 52

Claims (1)

201247115 VII. Scope of application: 1. A smoking article comprising at least two of the following: (a) Tobacco blends containing one or more tobacco or tobacco grades with low TSNA and/or metal content; (b) Tobacco a blend that has been treated to remove polyphenols and/or peptides; (c) a tobacco substitute sheet comprising a non-combustible inorganic filler, a binder and an aerosol appliance; (d) a highly reactive carbon comprising a polymer-derived carbon material; And (e) an amine functionalized chelating resin. 2. The smoking article of claim 3, comprising a smokable material stick comprising up to 60% of the tobacco substitute sheet. 3. If you apply for the smoking item of section 2, including the smoking material stick, the smoking material stick contains 2% of the grass instead of the piece and the jumping grass. 4. A smoking article according to any of the preceding claims, wherein glycerin is added to the tobacco in place of the blend of the tablet and the tobacco. · Μ 5. If you apply for the money item of the 彳 (4) item, including the smokable material rod, the smokable material rod contains up to 1% of the processed medicinal turf rods. 6. If you apply for a patent Item 5 of the smoking article, the packaged smoking material bar of the treated terminal planting compound = the final 7. The filter of the smoking article of the above-mentioned patent scope, wherein the mouth end segment comprises cellulose acetate The factory is called vitamins and amine functionalized chelating resins, and valerian diterpenoids: acetaminophen and high activated carbon. Cellulose acetate 53 201247115 8. The smoking article of claim 7, wherein the intermediate section comprises 20 mg of an amine functionalized chelating resin. 9. The smoking article of claim 7 or 8, wherein the tobacco end section comprises 60 mg of carbon. 10. A smoking article according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a filter having two sections, wherein the mouth end section comprises cellulose acetate and the tobacco end section comprises cellulose acetate and carbon. 11. The smoking article of claim 10, wherein the tobacco end section comprises 80 mg of carbon. 12. The smoking article of any one of clauses 7 to 10, wherein the carbon is a high activity carbon bead comprising a polymer derived carbon material. 13. The smoking article of any one of clauses 7 to 10, wherein the amine functionalized chelate resin is CR20. 14. A smoking article according to item 1 of the patent application, comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of (a), (b) and (c) and at least one selected from (d) and (e). 15. Smoking articles, including (c) and (4), in the scope of patent application No. 14. 16. A smoking article according to any of the preceding claims, which has a substantially reduced amount of unwanted mainstream smoke constituents. 5 54