200811337 (1) 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於水不易從水路溢流出來之利用水路之水 利設備。 【先前技術】 近年來，已經有一些：利用水路（例如：既有的農業 Φ 用水路、灌溉用水路等）來進行取水、發電等的水利工作 之水利設備，例如：在水路中設堰，使得水位上升之後， 進行取水，或者利用設堰所產生的水位差來進行發電。這 些水利設備，以往，係如第3 A圖、第3 B圖所示，將堰1 設置成：以直線狀橫斷過水路1 〇。 又，與此相關連的先前技術文獻係有例如：日本特開 2003-2 693 1 5號公報；日本特開2005-3208 83號公報。 • 【發明內容】 〔發明所欲解決之課題〕 然而，上述的利用水路之水利設備，爲了提昇取水效 率或者發電效率，乃將堰的頂端設計得較高。因此，當取 水中發電機、發電機等發生運轉不順時，被阻擋下來的水 量會增大而使得水越流過堰，水很容易從水路溢流出去。 尤其是如以往的水利設備這般地在水路中將堰設置成直線 狀的情況下，堰的越流長度很短，所以越過堰的水深度變 高（越流長度B與水深度11的關係，請參考第3人圖、第 -4- (2) (2)200811337 3B圖以及後述的關係式：CBh3/2) ’水很容易從水路 溢流出去。 例如：在如第3 A圖、第3 B圖所示的水利設備中，係 在堰1的底部附近，設有與發電機3相連通的排出路4， 在發電機3順暢地作動之正常時候’水係經由這個排出路 4流出到堰1的下游側。但是，當發電機3不順暢的非正 常狀態時，水無法從排出路4流出’水流被阻擋在堰1內 。然後，被阻擋下來的水量增大的話’水就會開始從堰1 越流過去。此時，越過堰1的水深度h變高的話，水就變 得很容易從水路1 0的側壁2溢流出去。如前所述，以往 的水路10係設置直線狀的堰1，堰1的越流長度B是最 短，因此，越過堰1的水深度h會變高，水很容易從水路 10的側壁2等處溢流出去。 因此，這種傳統的水利設備中，爲了要防止水從水路 1〇溢流出去，乃另外地設置了例如：將水路10的側壁2 加高、或者在堰1設置閘門之類的特別的設備。但是，若 設置這種設備的話，將會導致成本增加。而且即使裝設了 閘門之類的設備，如果設備操作的對應太慢，或者設備開 啓不順的情況也是有可能發生，因此還是無法排除水從水 路1 〇溢流的可能性。 本發明係有鑑於上述問題而開發完成的，其目的係在 於提供：不必設置特別的設備，即可在水利設備不順暢的 時候，防止水從水路溢流出去之利用水路之水利設備。 200811337 (3) 〔用以解決課題之手段〕 爲了解決上述課題，本發明係利用：在水路中築堰來 進行水利工作的水路之水利設備，其特徵爲：上述堰係設 置成：呈曲折狀地橫斷在上述水路內。 上述堰的平面形狀係曲軸型、凹型、凸型、迷宮型之 任何一種爲宜。又，亦可設置例如：水力發電設備來當作 上述水利設備。 φ 根據以上的結構，與傳統之在水路中設置直線狀的堰 的情況比較之下，堰的越流長度變長。因此，翻越過堰的 水深度變低，水就變成不易從水路溢流出去。因此，不必 設置特別的設備，當水利設備不順暢時，亦可防止水從水 路溢流出去。 【實施方式】 〔用以實施發明之最佳形態〕 φ 以下將佐以第1A圖〜第1D圖以及第2圖，並且舉 出水力發電設備當作水利設備的例子’來說明本發明的實 ^ 施形態。第1A圖〜第1D圖係顯示本實施形態中的水力 發電設備的槪略之上方平面圖。第2圖係顯示水力發電設 備的詳細之立體圖。此外，在第1A圖〜第1D圖以及第2 圖中，與第3A圖、第3B圖中相同或類似的地方，均標示 同一元件符號，僅針對不同的地方標示新的元件符號。 第1A圖〜第1D圖中所示的水力發電設備100a〜 1 0 0d係在既有水路1 〇中分別構築平面形狀各不相同的堰 -6- (4) (4)200811337 1 1〜1 4，利用堰1 1〜1 4所產生的水位差來進行發電的設 備，在各堰11〜14的底部附近，設有排出路4，進而中介 著這個排出路4設有發電機3。至於發電機3係可舉出例 如：Eaml工業股份有限公司製的水中渦輪發電機等。此 外，第2圖的例子，係以混凝土將排出路4與堰1 1構築 成一體，將發電機3設置在排出路4上之與排出口 4a相 反側的端部，而將堰11、排出路4以及發電機3 —體地製 作成一個單元。 堰1 1〜1 4係被設置成：呈曲折狀地橫斷在水路1 〇內 ，其平面形狀分別是曲軸型（請參考第1A圖以及第2圖 ):凹型（請參考第1B圖）；凸型（請參考第1C圖）； 迷宮型（請參考第1D圖）。更具體地說，第1A圖以及 第2圖所示的曲軸型的情況下，堰1 1係在水路1 〇內呈兩 次曲折。另外’弟1B圖以及弟1C圖所不的凹型和凸型的 情況下，係分別朝向水路1 〇的下游側和上游側凸出去的 形狀，每一個都是在水路1 0內最少呈4次以上的曲折。 又，第1 D圖所示的迷宮型的情況下，係在水路1 〇內最少 曲折一次以上而呈W字狀。惟，本發明之中，堰的結構 並不侷限在第1 A圖〜第10圖中所示的形狀，要點是只 要將堰設置成：呈曲折狀地橫斷在水路內即可。又，排水 路4的走向，也並不侷限於第1A圖〜第1D圖所示的方 向，亦可適當地設定。 如上所述，堰11〜14的任何一種情況都是設置成： 呈曲折狀地橫斷在水路1 〇內，與在同一水路1 0內設置直 (5) (5)200811337 線狀的堰1 1 (請參考習知技術的第3 A圖、第3 B圖）的 情況比較之下，各堰1 1〜14的越流長度Ba〜d變長。因此 ，即使當發電機3運轉不順的非正常狀況時，與習知技術 的情況比較時，翻越過堰Η〜1 4的水深度h也是變得較 低，水就不易從水路1 〇溢流出去。 亦即，在第1A圖〜第1D圖以及第2圖所示的水力 發電設備中，係在堰1的底部附近設置了與發電機3連通 的排出路4，當發電機3順暢運轉的正常狀況時，水是經 由這個排出路4流出到堰1的下游側。但是，當發電機3 運轉不順暢的非正常狀況時，水無法從排出路4流出，水 流被堰1所阻擋起來。然後’如果被阻擋起來的水量增大 的話，水就會開始從堰1越流過去。此時，翻越過堰1 1〜 1 4而流過的水之越流量爲Q，堰1 1〜1 4的越流長度爲 Ba~d，翻越過堰11〜14的水深度爲h的話，一般而言，係 處在Q二CBh372 (C爲定數；約1·84)的關係（請參考第 3 Β圖）。在這種關係式中，當越流量Q爲一定的時候， 若如上述方式，將越流長度爲予以加長的話，則翻越 過堰1 1〜1 4的水深度h將會降低。如果這個水深度h降 低的話，水就變得不容易從水路1 0的側壁等處溢流出去 了（請參考第3圖）。 因此，在本實施形態中，係先設定水深度h的最大値 ，以謀求可充分確保：側壁2的高度與翻越過堰1 1〜1 4 的水的高度之間的差値（高度差）’其次’將越流長度爲 Ba~d予以加長，以謀求水深度h成爲這個最大値以下。這 -8- (6) 200811337 種情況下，即使流經水路1 0的水會從堰1 1〜1 4翻越過去 ，也不至於會從水路10的側壁2翻越過去’所以水就變 得不容易從水路1 〇溢流出去了。因此，在第1A圖〜第 1D圖以及第2圖所示的水力發電設備l〇〇a〜100d中，不 必將水路i 〇的側壁2予以加高，或者在堰1 1〜1 4設置閘 門之類的特別的設備。因此’根據上述的水力發電設備 1 0 0 a〜1 0 0 d，不必設置特別的設備，當水利設備不順暢時 p ，亦可防止水從水路溢流出去。 然而，流經水路1 〇的水係一方面受到呈曲折的堰1 1 〜1 4的側壁面所集中，一方面往下流側流動（請參考第 1A圖〜第1D圖中的箭頭方向）。因此，與在同一水路 1 0中設置直線狀的堰1 (請參考第2圖）的情況比較之下 ，各個堰1 1〜1 4都會產生水位差變得較大的地方。因此 ，藉由在各個堰1 1〜1 4的該水位差變得較大的地方，設 置發電機3即可提昇發電效率。 # 此外，本發明的水利設備並不侷限爲上述的水力發電 設備，當然也包含例如：設置了取水用泵浦的取水設備來 • 取代發電機3以及排出路4。 〔產業上的可利用性〕 根據本發明，係在於利用水路之水利設備中，不必設 置特別的設備，就可在水利設備不順暢時，防止水從水路 溢流出去。 200811337 (7) 【圖式簡單說明】 第1 A圖係顯示本發明的實施形態的利用水路之堰的 平面形狀爲曲軸型的水力發電設備的槪略的上方平面圖。 第1 B圖係顯示本發明的實施形態的利用水路之堰的 平面形狀爲凹型的水力發電設備的槪略的上方平面圖。 第1 C圖係顯示本發明的實施形態的利用水路之堰的 平面形狀爲凸型的水力發電設備的槪略的上方平面圖。 φ 第1 D圖係顯示本發明的實施形態的利用水路之堰的 平面形狀爲迷宮型的水力發電設備的槪略的上方平面圖。 第2圖係顯示水力發電設備的詳細之立體圖。 第3 A圖係用來說明習知技術中的水力發電設備之上 方平面圖。 第3 B圖係第3 A圖中的V — V剖面線的從箭頭方向觀 察的剖面圖。 # 【主要元件符號說明】 1、11-14：堰 . 2 :側壁 ， 3:發電機 4 :排出路 1 〇 :水路 1 0 0 :水力發電設備 Q :翻越過堰而流過之水的越流量 B :堰的越流長度 -10- (8)200811337 h :翻越過堰的水深度200811337 (1) Description of the Invention [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a water-use device that utilizes a waterway in which water does not easily escape from a waterway. [Prior Art] In recent years, there have been some water conservancy devices that use waterways (for example, existing agricultural Φ waterways, irrigation waterways, etc.) for water conservancy and water power generation, for example, setting water in the waterway to make the water level After the rise, take water, or use the water level difference generated by the set to generate electricity. In the past, as shown in Figs. 3A and 3B, these hydraulic equipments have been arranged such that 堰1 is crossed in a straight line through the water passage 11. Further, the prior art documents related to this are, for example, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-2693-15, and Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2005-320883. [Explanation] [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the above-mentioned water conservancy equipment using waterways, in order to improve water extraction efficiency or power generation efficiency, the top end of the crucible is designed to be high. Therefore, when the generators, generators, etc. in the water are not operating smoothly, the amount of water blocked will increase and the water will flow through the water, and the water will easily overflow from the waterway. In particular, when the crucible is arranged in a straight line in the waterway as in the conventional water conservancy equipment, the cross-flow length of the crucible is short, so the depth of the water passing through the crucible becomes high (the relationship between the flow length B and the water depth 11) Please refer to figure 3, section -4- (2) (2) 200811337 3B and the relationship described later: CBh3/2) 'Water easily overflows from the waterway. For example, in the water conservancy equipment shown in Figs. 3A and 3B, a discharge path 4 communicating with the generator 3 is provided near the bottom of the crucible 1, and the generator 3 is normally operated smoothly. At this time, the water system flows out through this discharge path 4 to the downstream side of the crucible 1. However, when the generator 3 is not in an abnormal abnormal state, water cannot flow out from the discharge path 4, and the water flow is blocked in the crucible 1. Then, if the amount of water blocked is increased, the water will begin to flow from 堰1. At this time, if the water depth h over the crucible 1 becomes high, the water becomes easily overflowed from the side wall 2 of the water passage 10. As described above, the conventional water passage 10 is provided with a linear 堰1, and the flow length B of the 堰1 is the shortest. Therefore, the water depth h over the 堰1 becomes high, and water is easily taken from the side wall 2 of the water passage 10. The overflow is out. Therefore, in such a conventional water conservancy device, in order to prevent water from overflowing from the water passage 1 , a special device such as raising the side wall 2 of the water passage 10 or setting a gate at the crucible 1 is additionally provided. . However, if such a device is installed, it will result in an increase in cost. Moreover, even if a device such as a gate is installed, if the correspondence of the operation of the device is too slow, or the device is not turned on smoothly, it is impossible to exclude the possibility that water overflows from the water channel 1 . The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a water conservancy device that utilizes a waterway to prevent water from overflowing from a waterway when a water conservancy device is not smooth, without providing special equipment. 200811337 (3) [Means for Solving the Problem] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a water conservancy device that uses a waterway to build a waterway for water conservancy work, and is characterized in that the lanthanum system is arranged in a meandering shape. The ground is traversed in the above waterway. The planar shape of the above-mentioned crucible is preferably any of a crank type, a concave type, a convex type, and a labyrinth type. Further, for example, a hydropower generating device may be provided as the above-described water conservancy device. φ According to the above configuration, the cross-flow length of the crucible becomes longer as compared with the case where the conventional 堰 is provided in the water path. Therefore, the depth of the water that passes over the raft becomes lower, and the water becomes less likely to overflow from the waterway. Therefore, it is not necessary to install special equipment to prevent water from overflowing from the waterway when the water conservancy equipment is not smooth. [Embodiment] [Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention] φ Hereinafter, the first embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to Figs. 1A to 1D and 2, and an example of a hydroelectric power plant as a hydraulic equipment will be described. ^ Form of application. Fig. 1A to Fig. 1D are plan views showing the upper side of the hydraulic power generating apparatus of the present embodiment. Figure 2 shows a detailed perspective view of a hydropower plant. Further, in the first to the first and third figures, the same or similar parts as those in the third and third embodiments are denoted by the same component symbols, and new component symbols are indicated only for different places. In the hydroelectric power generation apparatuses 100a to 100d shown in the first to the first, the 堰-6-(4) (4) 200811337 1 1~1 is formed in each of the existing waterways 1 平面. 4. The apparatus for generating electric power by using the water level difference generated by 堰1 1 to 1 4 is provided with a discharge path 4 near the bottom of each of the rafts 11 to 14, and a generator 3 is provided interposed by the discharge path 4. The generator 3 system is exemplified by a water turbine generator manufactured by Eaml Industries Co., Ltd., and the like. Further, in the example of Fig. 2, the discharge path 4 is integrally formed with the crucible 1 1 by concrete, and the generator 3 is placed at the end on the discharge path 4 opposite to the discharge port 4a, and the crucible 11 is discharged. The road 4 and the generator 3 are integrally formed as one unit.堰1 1~1 4 is set to be in a zigzag shape and is cut into the waterway 1 ,, and its plane shape is crank type (please refer to Figure 1A and Figure 2): concave (please refer to Figure 1B) Convex type (please refer to Figure 1C); Labyrinth type (please refer to Figure 1D). More specifically, in the case of the crank type shown in Figs. 1A and 2, the 堰1 1 is twisted twice in the water path 1 。. In addition, in the case of the concave type and the convex type which are not shown in the case of the brother 1B and the brother 1C, the shapes are respectively projected toward the downstream side and the upstream side of the water path 1 ,, each of which is at least 4 times in the water path 10 The above twists and turns. Further, in the case of the labyrinth type shown in Fig. 1D, it is W-shaped at least once in the waterway 1 曲. However, in the present invention, the structure of the crucible is not limited to the shape shown in Figs. 1A to 10, and it is only necessary to arrange the crucible so as to be transversely broken in the water path. Further, the course of the drain 4 is not limited to the directions shown in Figs. 1A to 1D, and may be appropriately set. As described above, any of the cases of 堰11 to 14 is set to: traverse in the waterway 1 呈 in a meandering manner, and set a straight (5) (5) 200811337 linear 堰 1 in the same waterway 10 1 (Please refer to the 3A and 3B of the prior art), the cross-flow lengths Ba to d of each of the 堰1 1 to 14 become longer. Therefore, even when the generator 3 is not operating abnormally, the water depth h over the 堰Η~14 is lower as compared with the case of the prior art, and the water is not easily overflowed from the waterway 1 Go out. That is, in the hydroelectric power generation apparatuses shown in FIGS. 1A to 1D and 2, the discharge path 4 that communicates with the generator 3 is provided near the bottom of the crucible 1, and the normal operation of the generator 3 is smooth. In the case of water, water flows out through this discharge path 4 to the downstream side of the crucible 1. However, when the generator 3 does not operate smoothly, the water cannot flow out of the discharge path 4, and the water flow is blocked by the crucible 1. Then, if the amount of water blocked is increased, the water will begin to flow from 堰1. At this time, the flow rate of the water flowing over the 堰1 1 to 14 is Q, the flow length of 堰1 1~1 4 is Ba~d, and the depth of the water over the 堰11~14 is h. In general, it is in the relationship of Q 2 CBh372 (C is a fixed number; about 1.84) (please refer to Figure 3). In this relation, when the flow rate Q is constant, if the flow length is lengthened as described above, the water depth h over the 堰1 1 to 14 will decrease. If the water depth h is lowered, the water will not easily overflow from the side wall of the water channel 10 (refer to Fig. 3). Therefore, in the present embodiment, the maximum enthalpy of the water depth h is set first, so that the difference 高度 (height difference) between the height of the side wall 2 and the height of the water that has passed over the 堰1 1 to 1 4 can be sufficiently ensured. 'Second' will lengthen the flow length Ba~d to seek the water depth h to be below this maximum. In the case of this -8- (6) 200811337, even if the water flowing through the waterway 10 will pass over from the 堰1 1~1 4, it will not pass over the side wall 2 of the waterway 10, so the water will not become It is easy to overflow from the waterway 1 〇. Therefore, in the hydroelectric power generating units 10a to 100d shown in FIGS. 1A to 1D and 2, it is not necessary to raise the side wall 2 of the water path i , or set the gate in the 堰 1 1 to 1 4 Special equipment like that. Therefore, according to the above-mentioned hydropower equipment 1 0 0 a~1 0 0 d, it is not necessary to provide special equipment, and when the water conservancy equipment is not smooth, p can also prevent water from overflowing from the waterway. However, the water system flowing through the water passage 1 is concentrated on the side wall surface of the meandering 堰1 1 to 14 4, and flows to the downstream side on the other hand (refer to the direction of the arrow in Fig. 1A to Fig. 1D). Therefore, in comparison with the case where the linear 堰1 is set in the same waterway 10 (refer to Fig. 2), each 堰1 1 to 1-4 will generate a place where the water level difference becomes large. Therefore, by providing the generator 3 in a place where the water level difference of each of the 堰1 1 to 14 4 becomes large, the power generation efficiency can be improved. Further, the water conservancy device of the present invention is not limited to the above-described hydroelectric power generation apparatus, and of course includes, for example, a water intake device in which a water intake pump is provided to replace the generator 3 and the discharge path 4. [Industrial Applicability] According to the present invention, in a water conservancy device using a water passage, it is possible to prevent water from overflowing from a water passage when the water conservancy device is not smooth, without providing special equipment. 200811337 (7) [Brief Description of the Drawings] Fig. 1A is a schematic top plan view showing a hydroelectric power generation apparatus having a crankshaft type in which the planar shape of the water passage is used in the embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 1B is a schematic top plan view showing a hydroelectric power generating apparatus having a concave planar shape using a water passage according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 1C is a schematic top plan view showing a hydroelectric power generating apparatus in which the planar shape of the water passage is convex in the embodiment of the present invention. φ Fig. 1D is a schematic top plan view showing a hydro-power generating apparatus in which the planar shape of the water passage using the water passage is a labyrinth type according to the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is a detailed perspective view showing the hydroelectric power plant. Figure 3A is used to illustrate the top plan view of a hydropower plant in the prior art. Fig. 3B is a cross-sectional view of the V-V hatching in Fig. 3A as viewed from the direction of the arrow. # [Main component symbol description] 1, 11-14: 堰. 2: Side wall, 3: Generator 4: Discharge road 1 〇: Waterway 1 0 0: Hydropower equipment Q: The more water that flows over the raft Flow B: The longer the flow length of -10--10- (8)200811337 h : The depth of the water over the raft
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