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TR201818914T4 - Preste sertleştirme uygulaması için çinko kaplı çeliğin imalat yöntemi. - Google Patents

Preste sertleştirme uygulaması için çinko kaplı çeliğin imalat yöntemi. Download PDF

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Publication number
TR201818914T4
TR201818914T4 TR2018/18914T TR201818914T TR201818914T4 TR 201818914 T4 TR201818914 T4 TR 201818914T4 TR 2018/18914 T TR2018/18914 T TR 2018/18914T TR 201818914 T TR201818914 T TR 201818914T TR 201818914 T4 TR201818914 T4 TR 201818914T4
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TR
Turkey
Prior art keywords
heat treatment
steel
coating
hot forming
prealloy
Prior art date
Application number
TR2018/18914T
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English (en)
Inventor
Mutschler Ralph
Grant Thomas Aaron
Paul Janavicius Valdas
Luis Garza-Martinez G
Original Assignee
Ak Steel Properties Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Ak Steel Properties Inc filed Critical Ak Steel Properties Inc
Publication of TR201818914T4 publication Critical patent/TR201818914T4/tr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/208—Deep-drawing by heating the blank or deep-drawing associated with heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C21D8/0405—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing of ferrous alloys
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    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0457—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment with diffusion of elements, e.g. decarburising, nitriding
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    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/663—Bell-type furnaces
    • C21D9/667—Multi-station furnaces
    • C21D9/67—Multi-station furnaces adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
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    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C23C2/024—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by cleaning or etching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/261—After-treatment in a gas atmosphere, e.g. inert or reducing atmosphere
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • C23C2/285—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath for remelting the coating
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
    • C23C2/36—Elongated material
    • C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
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    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/78—Combined heat-treatments not provided for above
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
    • Y10T428/12799—Next to Fe-base component [e.g., galvanized]

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Bir çinko kaplı çelik; çelik galtavlama işleminden sonra ve çelik sıcak şekillendirme işleminden önce önalaşımlama ısıl işlemi uygulanarak üretilebilir. Önalaşımlama ısıl işlemi yaklaşık 850 oF ve yaklaşık 950 oF sıcaklıkları arasında bir açık bobin tavlaması prosesi içerisinde uygulanır. Önalaşımlama ısıl işlemi sayesinde ostenitleme sıcaklığında daha az süre beklenilip; kaplamada istenilen &#945#&-Fe fazına demir konstantrasyonu artırılarak ulaşılmış olur. Bu aynı zamanda çinko kaybını aza indirerek, sıcak şekillendirme sonrası daha yüksek adezyonlu oksit oluşumunu sağlar.

Description

TARIFNAME PRESTE SERTLESTIRME UYGULAMASI IÇIN CINKO KAPLI _CELIGIN IMALAT YONTEMI Preste sertlestirilen çelikler genellikle yüksek mukavemetli olup, otomotiv alaiiinda güveiilik performansini artirirkeii agirligi düsürmek amaciyla kullanilmaktadir. Sicak sekillendirilmis bölümler çogunlukla sekillendirme sonrasi oksidi giderilmis çiplak çelik veya alüminyum kapli çelikten imal edilir. Alüminyum kaplama asinmaya karsi bir bariyer görevi görür. Çinko bazli kaplama ise sicak sekillendirilmis parçalara aktif veya katotsal asinmaya karsi ayriyeten koruma saglar. Örnegin; sicak daldirma ile galvanizlenmis çelik geiiellikle Zn ve Al ile kaplidir, ve sicak daldirilmis galtaVli çelik ise Zn, Fe ve Al kaplama içerir. Sicak sekillendirme esnasinda çinko, erime derecesi nedeniyle sivi hale gelir ve bu da sivi metal kirilganligindan (LME) dolayi çatlamaya neden olur. Çelik alt inalzemesiiiin sicak sekillendirme 'Öncesi ostenitleme islemi için yüksek sicaklikta kaldigi sürede, demirin galtavli kaplamaya difüzyonu saglanarak sivi metal kirilganligi (LME) önlenir. Ancak, demirin difüzyonu için gereken bu süre içinde kaplamada bulunan çinko, buharlasma ve oksitlenme nedeniyle yok olabilir. Bu oksit düsük mukavemetli adezyon sergileyebilmekle birlikte, sekillendirme sirasinda ince tabakalar halinde dökülmeye egilimli olabilir. DE 10 2012 021 031 A1 sayili Alman patent dokümaninda, preste sertlestiriiie safhasindan önce gerçeklesen ostenitleme safhasini içeren, preste sertlestirilmis ürün imal etme yönteminden bahsedilmektedir. US 2012/0118437 sayili Birlesik Devletler patent dokümaninda, ilk safhasinda çelik materyalin galtavlamasi, ikinci safhasinda ise galtavli çelik malzemenin inorganik kaplainasinin gerçeklestirildigi bir çelik imalati yönteminden bahsedilmektedir. DE 10 2012 021 031 A1 sayili Alinan patent dokümaninda, çelik sacin endüktif olarak isil isleme tâbi tutulup sonrasinda en son çelik sac formunu elde etmek için birçok presleme safhasindan geçirildigi, preste sertlestirilmis çelik imalati yönteminden bahsedilmektedir. Bu bulusta, önalasimlama isil islemi; sicak daldirmali galtavlama isleminden sonra ve sicak sekillendirme ostenitleme adimindan önce gerçeklestirilir. Onalasimlama isi] islemi 1 ile 10 saat bekletme süresinde 454° C ile 510 0C derece (850 0F ile 950 0F) arasinda gerçeklestirilir. Onalasimlama isil islemi sayesinde ostenitleme sicakligina daha az süre ihtiyaç duyulup, kaplamada istenilen cx-Fe fazina demir konstantrasyonu artirilarak ulasilmis olur. Bu ayni zamanda çinko kaybini azaltip, sicak sekillendirme sonrasinda daha yüksek mukavemetli adezyona sahip oksit elde edilmesini saglar. SEKILLERIN KISA AÇIKLAMASI Bu tarifnameye dahil edilmis ve tarifnamenin bir bölümünü teskil eden ekli çizimler, bulusun uygulamalarini resimlendirmektedir ve yukarida verilen genel açiklama ve asagida verilen uygulamalarin detayli betimlemeleri ile birlikte bu bulusun temel prensiplerini açiklamaktadir. Sekil 1, galtavli çelik sacin 0 saat süreyle önalasimlama islemine tâbi tutulduktan sonraki veya "kaplanmis biçimdeki" halini gösteren akkor bosalma spektroskopisinin tarama grafigini göstermektedir. Sekil 2, galtavli çelik saçin 1 saat süreyle önalasimlama islemine tâbi tutulduktan sonraki halini gösteren akkor bosalma spektroskopisinin tarama grafigini göstermektedir. Sekil 3, galtavli çelik saçin 4 saat süreyle önalasimlama islemine tâbi tutulduktan sonraki halini gösteren akkor bosalma spektroskopisinin tarama grafigini betimlemektedir. Sekil 4A, Sekil l°de gösterilen galtavli çelik saçin sicak sekillendirme islemine tâbi tutulduktan sonraki halini gösteren akkor bosalma spektroskopisinin tarama grafigini göstermektedir. Sekil 48, Sekil 4A°da gösterilen galtavli çelik sacin enine kesit yüzeyine ait optik mikrografiyi göstermektedir. Sekil 5A, Sekil 2"de gösterilen galtavli tavli çelik saçin sicak sekillendirme islemine tâbi tutulduktan sonraki halini gösteren akkor bosalma spektroskopisinin tarama grafigini göstermektedir. Sekil 5B, Sekil 5A"da gösterilen galtavli çelik sacin kesit yüzeyine ait optik mikrografiyi göstermektedir. Sekil 6A, Sekil 3,de gösterilen galtavli çelik saçin sicak sekillendirme islemine tâbi tutulduktan sonraki halini gösteren akkor bosalma spektroskopisinin tarama grafigini göstermektedir. Sekil 6B, Sekil 6A°da gösterilen galtavli çelik saçin enine kesit yüzeyine ait, Optik mikrografiyi göstermektedir. Sekil 7, Sekil 4A°daki kosullara uygun olarak islenmis galtavli çelik saca ait, çapraz tarali bir alani gösteren optik mikrografiyi göstermektedir. Sekil 8, Sekil 5A°daki kosullara uygun olarak isleninis galtavli çelik saca ait, çapraz tarali bir alani gösteren optik mikrografiyi göstermektedir. Sekil 9, Sekil 6A3daki kosullara uygun olarak islenmis galtavli çelik saca ait çapraz tarali bir alani gösteren optik mikrografiyi göstermektedir. DETAYLI TARIFNAME 22MnBS alasiminda oldugu gibi, preste sertlestirilen çelikler, bor içeren çelikten üretilebilir. Bu 22MnB5 alasim, genel itibariyle % 0.20 ile yaklasik % 0.25 oranlari arasinda C, % 1.0 ve yaklasik % 1.5 oraninda Mn, yaklasik % 0.1 ve % 0.3 oranlari arasinda Si, yaklasik % 0.1 ve % 0.2 oranlari arasinda Cr ve yaklasik % 0.0005 ve % 0.005 oranlari arasinda B içerir. Bu tarifnamedeki ögretiler itibari ile, teknikte uzman kisi tarafindan bilindigi üzere, diger uygun alasimlar da kullanilabilir. Diger uygun alasimlar, sicak sekillendirme için istenilen seviyede süneklik ve mukavemet birlikteligini saglayacak yeterlilikte preste sertlestirilebilme kapasitesine sahip alasimlari içermektedir. Örnegin; otomotiv alanindaki sicak sekillendirme islemlerinde kullanilan alasimlarin benzeri kullanilabilir. Alasimdan, tipik dökme, sicak haddeleme, yüzey temizleme ve soguk haddeleme islemleriyle soguk haddelenmis çelik band elde edilir. Sonrasinda ise soguk haddelenmis çelik band, çelik band üzerinde Zn- Fe-Al bilesenlerinden olusan bir kaplama olusturmak için sicak daldirma ile galtavlanir. Kaplamanin agirligi genellikle her bir yüzey için yaklasik olarak 40 ile 90 g/m2 arasinda degisir. Galtavlama isleminin yapildigi ocagin sicakligi 482 0C ile 649 0C dereceleri (900 0F-1200 0F) arasinda degismekte olup, kaplamadaki Fe agirligi oraninin yaklasik % 5 ile yaklasik %15 arasinda degismesine neden olur. Alüminyumun çinko potasiiidaki agirlik seviyesi ise yaklasik % 0.10 ile yaklasik % 0.20 arasinda degisiklik gösterir ve genellikle gözlemlenen alüminyum seviyesi potadaki miktarin iki katina denk gelir. Tekiiikte uzman kisi, çelik baiidlarin galtavlamasi için kullanilan diger uygun yöntemleri bu tarifnamedeki ögretiler itibari ile bilir. Bunun akabinde; kaplamadaki demir agirliginin oranini % 15 ile % 25 arasinda artirmak amaciyla galtavli çelik banda önalasimlama isil islemi uygulanmaktadir. Bu isil islemin tavan sicakligi 1 ile 10 saat, örn; 2 ile 6 saat bekletine süresinde, 454 0C derece ile 510 °C (850 0F ile 950 0F) dereceleri arasiiida degisiklik gösterir. Onalasimlama isil islemi açik bobin tavlamasi ile uygulanabilmektedir. Oiialasimlama isil islemi ayrica koruyucu atmosferde de gerçeklestirilebilir. Böyle bir koruyucu atmosfer bir nitro jen atmosferi içerebilir. Bazi versiyonlarda nitrojen atmosferindeki nitro jen orani %100°d'i'1r. Diger versiyonlarda ise nitro jen atmosferi yaklasik % 95 nitro jen ve % 5 hidrojen içerir. Teknikte uzman kisi diger uygun yöntemleri bu tarifnamedeki ögretiler itibari ile bilir. GaltaVli çelik bandina önalasimlama isil islemi uygulandiktan hemen sonra, çelik band sicak sekillendinneli ostenitleme isleminden geçirilir. Sicak sekillendirme teknikte iyi bilinmektedir. Sicakliklar genel olarak 880 0C ile 950 0C (1616 0F ile 1742 °F) dereceleri arasinda degisiklik gösterir. Öncesinde önalasimlama isil islemi uygulanmis olacagindan, sözkonusu ostenitleme sicakliginda geçirilecek süre kisaltilabilir. Örnegin; ostenitleine sicakliginda geçirilecek süre 2 ile 10 dakika ya da 4 ile 6 dakika arasinda degisebilir. Bu sekilde yaklasik % 30 oraninda çinko içeren kaplainada tek fazli a-Fe olusturulmus olur. Diger uygun sicak sekillendirme yöntemleri bu tarifnamedeki ögretiler itibari ile teknikte uzman kisi tarafindan bilinmektedir. Örnekler Bir galtavli çelik bobin, yukarida tarif edilen islemlerden geçerek üretilmistir. 1.5 mm kalinliginda 22MnBS çelik bobin kullanilmstir. Galtavli kaplamanin agirligi 55 g/m2 olarak ölçülinüstür. Bu örnekte, galtavli çelikten küçük panellere 482.2 0C (9OOOF) derecelik nitrojen atmosferinde isil islem uygulanmistir. Bir panele önalasimlama isil islemi uygulanmamistir; diger bir deyisle, önalasimlama isil islemi "0 saat"tir ya da panel "kaplanmis biçimde"dir. Bir ikinci panele yaklasik 1 saat boyunca önalasiinlaina isil islemi uygulanmistir. Bir üçüncü panele ise 4 saat boyunca önalasimlama isil islemi uygulanmistir. Önalasiinlanmis panellere sonrasinda 898.9 0C (1650 0F) derecede 4 dakika süreyle ostenitleme islemi uygulanip, bu paneller sicak sekillendirme Simulasyonu için su sogutmali yassi haddeler arasinda suverme isleminden geçmistir. Önalasimlama isleminin etkisi akkor bosalma spektroskopi taramalarinda (GDS) gösterilmistir, bu taramalar, kaplamanin kalinligindan hareketle kimyasal bilesenleri göstermektedir. 0,1 ve 4 saat süren önalasiinlama islemi sonrasi GDS taramalari sirasiyla Sekil 1 ile 3°te gösterilmistir. Görüldügü üzere, kaplamadaki Fe içerigi yaklasik 482.2 0C (900 0F) sicaklikta geçirilen daha uzun süreye paralel olarak artmaktadir. Sekil 4A, 5A ile 6A°da, sirasiyla 3 panelin sicak sekillendirme simulasyonlari sonrasi GDS (akkor bosalma spektroskopisi) taramalari gösterilmektedir. Sekil 4B, 5B ve 68 ise sicak presleme Simulasyonu sonrasi bu 3 panele ait mikroyapilarin mikrografilerini göstermektedir. Onalasimlama isil isleminin süresi O"dan l°e, l"den 4 saate uzadikça, kaplainadaki Fe içerigi artinaktadir. Mikrografilere göre, Fe %"si arttikça, kaplainadaki taneler arasindaki bosluklar azalmaktadir. Taneler arasindaki bosluklar, yüksek sicaklikta tane sinirlari arasinda sivi bulundugunu gösterir; bu da önalasimlama isil isleminin sicak sekillendirme sirasinda sivi Zn miktarini azalttigini göstermektedir. Sivi miktari düsük tutularak, sivi metal kirilganligi (LME) nedenli çatlak olasiligi düsürülmüs olur. Ostenitleme islemi sirasinda olusan çinko oksit, kaplamaya olan zayif adezyonu nedeniyle, sicak sekillendirme sirasinda tabaka halinde dökülebilir. Ostenitleme ve sicak sekillendirme adiinlarindan önce önalasimlama isil isleminin uygulanmasi çinko oksidin adezyonunu artirarak, bunu ince tabaka halinde dökülmeye karsi dirençli kilar. Bu etkiyi ölçmek adina; yaklasik 0,1 ve 4 saatlik önalasimlamaya tâbi tutularak yukarida tarif edilen kosullar içerisinde islemden geçen paneller laboratuvar ortainiiida elektrokaplama ve fosfatlandirma islemlerinden geçmistir. Kaplamali paneller adezyonu test etmek için çapraz tarama ve serit çekme deneylerine tâbi tutulmustur. Sekil 7 ile 9°da 3 panele ait çapraz taraninis alanlarin mikrograflari gösterilmektedir. Sekil 7 ile 8"de görüldügü üzere, yaklasik 0 ve 1 saat arasinda önalasimlama isil islemi görmüs paneller zayif adezyon göstererek, çapraz taraninis alanlarin kare bölümlerinde kaplama kaybi gözlemlenmistir. Sekil 97da görüldügü gibi, yaklasik 4 saat süreyle önalasimlama isil islemi uygulanmis paneller daha yüksek adezyon gösterip, çapraz tarali alandaki karelerde kayip yok denecek kadar azdir. Bu bulus çesitli uygulamalarin açiklamalariyla anlatilmis olup, burada bulunan açiklayici uygulamalar oldukça detayli bir biçimde tarif edilmistir, basvuru sahibi ekli istemlerin uygulama alanlarini bu detaylarla azaltmayi veya sinirlandirmayi amaçlamamaktadir. TR TR TR TR TR TR

Claims (11)

ISTEMLER
1. Bir çelik imalat yöntemi olup; yöntem asagidaki islem adimlarini içerir: çelik üzerinde Zn - Fe - A1 kaplama olusturmak için sicak daldirmali galtavlama isleminin yapilmasi; sicak daldirilmis galtavli çeligin sicak sekillendirme uygulamasindan önce 454 o C ile arasindaki sicaklikta önalasimlaina isil isleinine tâbi tutulmasi, burada çelik malzeme 1 ile 10 saat arasinda bir bekleme süresinde 'Önalasimlama isil isleminden geçirilerek, böylelikle, önalasimlama isi] islemi sonrasinda kaplamadaki demir içerigi agirlik itibari ile % 15 ile % 25 arasinda
2. Istem l”e göre yöntem olup, burada galtavlama adimi 482 °C ile dereceleri arasindaki bir sicaklikta gerçeklestirilir.
3. Istem lse göre yöntem olup, burada önalasimlama isil islemi açik bobin tavlama prosesi içerisinde gerçeklestirilir.
4. Istem 1°e göre yöntem olup, önalasimlama isil isleminin bekleme süresi 2 ile 6 saat arasindadir.
5. Istem l'e göre yöntem olup, burada önalasimlama isil islemi bir koruyucu atmosferde gerçeklestirilir.
6. Istem 5”e göre yöntem olup, burada koruyucu atmosfer nitrojen
7. Istem 6°ya göre yöntem olup, burada koruyucu atmosfer %100 oraninda nitro jen içerir.
8. Istem 6'ya göre yöntem olup, burada koruyucu atmosfer ayrica hidrojen içerir.
9. Istem 8”e göre yöntem olup, burada koruyucu atmosfer % 95 Nz ve % 5 Hz içerir.
10. Istem l°e göre yöntem olup, ayrica, çelik önalasimlama isil isleminden sonra ayrica sicak sekillendirineyi içerir.
11. Istem 10”a göre yöntem olup, burada sicak sekillendirme adimi bir ostenitleme islemini içerir; burada ostenitleme islemi, çelik dereceleri arasindaki sicakliga isitilir, ostenitleine islemi önceden belirlenmis süre boyunca devam eder, burada süre 2 ile 10 dakika arasinda, tercihen 4 ile 6 dakika arasiiida bir zamaiii içerir.
TR2018/18914T 2013-05-17 2014-05-16 Preste sertleştirme uygulaması için çinko kaplı çeliğin imalat yöntemi. TR201818914T4 (tr)

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TWI567235B (zh) 2017-01-21
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