SU719556A1

SU719556A1 - Method of shaping crown of fruit-bearing trees

Info

Publication number: SU719556A1
Application number: SU772505542A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Владимир Иванович Якушев; Иван Николаевич Брынзарь; Леонид Игнатьевич Воробьев
Original assignee: Крымский сельскохозяйственный институт им.М.И.Калинина
Priority date: 1977-07-04
Filing date: 1977-07-04
Publication date: 1980-03-05

Description

Изобретение относитс к области сельского хоз йства, в частности к плодоводству.This invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular, to fruit growing.

Известен способ формировани кроны посредством механизированной обрезки кроны плодовых деревьев 1.A known method of forming a crown by means of mechanized trimming of the crown of fruit trees 1.

Известен также способ формировани кроны плодовых деревьев, включающий русное расположение скелетных ветвей 2.There is also known a method of forming the crown of fruit trees, including the bright arrangement of skeletal branches 2.

Однако формирование кроны плодовых деревьев известным способо.м осуществл етс с применением ручной выборочной обрезки ветвей.However, the formation of the crown of fruit trees of a known method is carried out using manual selective pruning of branches.

Цель предлагаемого изобретени - повышение уровн механизации обрезки кроны путем исключени ручной выборочной обрезки ветвей.The purpose of the present invention is to increase the level of mechanization of the pruning of the crown by eliminating manual selective pruning of the branches.

Это достигаетс тем, что при формировании каждого руса, по мере роста ствола и скелетных ветвей, крону обрезают в плоскости , перпендикул рной к стволу дерева, выше скелетных ветвей, расположенных напротив друг друга и направленных в сторону междур дий, затем подв зывают каждую скелетную ветвь с расположением ее в плоскости , параллельной плоскости обрезки, и на упом нутых скелетных ветв х формируют вертикальные плодонос щие ветвиThis is achieved by the fact that when each rus is formed, as the trunk and skeletal branches grow, the crown is cut in a plane perpendicular to the trunk of the tree, above the skeletal branches opposite each other and directed towards the inter-row spans, then hooking each skeletal branch with its location in a plane parallel to the pruning plane, and on the above-mentioned skeletal branches x they form vertical fruit-bearing branches

посредством обработки верхней плоскости скелетных ветвей биологически активными веществами и горизонтальной обрезкой.by treating the top plane of the skeletal branches with biologically active substances and horizontal trimming.

На чертеже изображена крона плодового дерева, сформированна предлагаемым способом .The drawing shows the crown of the fruit tree, formed by the proposed method.

Формирование кроны плодового дерева осуществл ют следующим образом.The formation of the crown of the fruit tree is carried out as follows.

Первую обрезку саженцев-однолеток производ т машиной на высоте закладки 1 первого руса 2 скелетных ветвей.The first pruning of one-year-old seedlings was made by a machine at the height of the tab 1 of the first rus 2 skeletal branches.

На второй год в перво.м русе отбираютIn the second year in the first m. Russe selected

две скелетные ветви 3, 4, направленные в сторону междур дий. Остальные скелетные ветви удал ют. На следующий год посредством мащины дл обрезки укорачивают ствол на высоте закладки 5 второго руса 6 скелетных ветвей 7, 8, направленных также в сторону междур дий.two skeletal branches 3, 4, directed towards the aisles. The remaining skeletal branches are removed. The following year, the trunk is shortened at a height of laying 5 of the second rusa 6 with 6 skeletal branches 7, 8, also directed towards the inter-row spacing, using a trimming mask.

Скелетные ветви 3, 4 первого руса закладывают на высоте 100 - 120 см от поверхности почвы, а скелетные ветви 7, 8Skeletal branches 3, 4 of the first Rus are laid at a height of 100 - 120 cm from the soil surface, and skeletal branches 7, 8

Claims

the second Rus is laid at a height of 80-100 cm from the level of the skeletal branches of the first Rus. Then, the skeletal branches with a length of 1.5-2.0 m are tilted at an angle of 90 ° and are tied to the rod 9 and vertically arranged branches 10, 11 are formed on them, on which, depending on the variety and type of fruit tree, in the year of growth or after a year, flower buds are planted, and in the fifth — sixth year the tree enters commercial fruiting. The formation of vertical branches 10, 11 is carried out by means of an OKM-4.5 type machine 12. Depending on the growth condition, pruning of the vertical branches is carried out annually or periodically in winter or spring along green shoots on the entire tree at once or in parts. The growth and fruiting of the vertical branches can be regulated by biologically active substances (for example, the Retardant Tour at a concentration of 1.0 - 1 , 5 ° / o, etrel in a concentration of 2.0%, and others). The proposed method of forming the crown of fruit trees can significantly increase the level of mechanization of crown pruning by eliminating manual selective pruning of branches. Claim of the method of forming the crown of fruit trees, including the bright arrangement of skeletal branches, characterized in that, in order to increase the level of mechanization of the pruning of the crown by eliminating the manual selective pruning of the branches, while forming each rus, as the trunk and skeletal branches grow, the crown is cut in the plane perpendicular to the trunk of the tree, above the skeletal branches located opposite each other and directed toward the inter-row, then tie each skeletal branch with its location in the plane t, parallel to the pruning plane, and on the said skeletal branches, fruit branches are formed by treating the upper plane of the skeletal branches with biologically active substances and horizontal pruning. Sources of information taken into account in the examination I. USSR author's certificate № 493205, cl. A 01 G 1/00, 1973.

2. “De Fruittert, 1976, No. 44, p. 1170-1176.

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