SU1674740A1 - Method for shaping crown of fruit trees - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, namely, fruit production. The purpose of the invention is to provide the possibility of mechanized pruning of trees with the continuous movement of the unit. The essence of the method consists in the fact that the height of the trunk and the distance between the main skeletal branches, directed to the sides of the aisles, are set the same for all trees. The garden is laid with one or two year old kronated seedlings, which are already cut in the nursery at a height of about 40 cm. Before laying the garden, the seedlings are cut, having previously selected an escape to continue the central conductor and to bookmark the lower skeletal branches. sides at a distance of 30–35 cm from the root collar. When planted, side shoots for growing skeletal branches are directed to the sides of the rows. A feature of the method is that in order to strengthen the skeletal branches, the central conductor is shortened annually, and the laying of the skeletal branches is carried out with a gap of two to three years. During two seasons, the skeletal branches grow freely, and in the third year during sap flow, they are fixed at an angle of 60 ° C. to the vertical. cl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely, fruit production.

The purpose of the invention is to provide mechanized pruning of trees with continuous movement of the unit.

Example. For bookmarking a garden, use the saplings at one or two years old. Since, with the present type of shaping, the skeletal branches of the lower rus should depart from the trunk at a height of 30–35 cm from the soil surface, when growing planting material, the occultum in the first year of growth is planted at an altitude of about 40 cm. located below the cut, a new shoot of continuation of the central conductor and several side shoots grow. Before planting, seedlings are cut. To continue the center conductor, choose the upper or closest strong shoot growing vertically, and for laying the lower skeletal branches two strong shoots growing in opposite directions at a height of 30 to 35 cm from the root collar. When laying the garden, the shoots selected for growing skeletal branches , orient the sides between the spaces.

By the beginning of the second growing season, the tree has two branches of the lower rus and a central conductor.

Early in the spring, before the beginning of growth, the central conductor is shortened at a height of 60 to 70 cm above the level of the laying of the lower skeletal branches. This operation allows for the growth of lower skeletal networks. At the end

ABOUT

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July - early August, a new shoot of continuation is isolated, and the remaining shoots are placed in a wilted position.

Before the beginning of the growing season of the third year, the escape of the continuation of the central conductor is shortened at a height of about 130 cm above the level of the laying of the lower skeletal branches in order to obtain new shoots to grow the skeletal branches of the second rus.

After the start of sap flow, when the wood becomes more elastic, the lower skeletal branches are deflected from the center conductor and fixed with special clips in an inclined position at an angle of 60 ° to the vertical.

Three to four weeks after the wood has hardened, the clips are removed and the skeletal branches deflected from the trunk grow freely again.

At the end of July - beginning of August, the top or closest strongest shoot is chosen to continue the center conductor, and from those located at a height of 120-130 cm, two of the strongest shoots are selected for growing the skeletal branches of the second Russ. These shoots should be oriented towards the aisles. They are left to grow freely, and the rest of them, with an arched, downward bend, are placed in a downward position.

The process is then repeated, and by the end of the seventh growth season in the garden, the tree can be considered formed. At this time, it has a central conductor, three rusas of strong skeletal branches directed to the sides of the aisles, and several relatively weak wilted shoots in the lower part of the central conductor.

Further growth of the tree up is limited by trimming the center conductor for replacement. In this case, the cut can be done not only for one- and two-year, but also for perennial wood.

The cutting of skeletal branches during the summer was carried out two to three times by cutting inclined openings in the crowns of trees. In this case, the mower cut off mainly the tip of the still non-woody vertically growing and dangling shoots. Semi-skeletal branches growing in the row plane are cut off with secateurs, removing upward shoots growing on them, as well as those that are deflected at a large angle to the sides of the rows.

In low-snow areas where strong winds blow, the semi-skeletal branches of two adjacent trees in a row of trees, after they join, are tied up or spliced by means of abstracting to make the row more stable.

The proposed method of forming fruit trees allows for mechanized pruning of skeletal branches by direct combination.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of forming the crown of fruit trees, including laying the skeletal branches in rusam, placing the russes at the same height from the soil surface and from one another, laying the last two years apart with annual shortening of the center conductor and the arrangement of the skeletal branches in an inclined plane, characterized in In order to provide mechanized trimming with continuous movement of the aggregate, the skeletal branches are oriented towards the inter-row spacing.