SU1749217A1 - Method for producing fertilizers from bird dung - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the production of fertilizers and can be used in agriculture for the preparation of environmentally friendly fertilizers from poultry manure, in particular chicken manure. The invention improves the productivity of the process of obtaining fertilizer by reducing processing time. This is achieved by ensuring that the reactor is loaded t the mixture temperature is up to 20-25 ° C, and the mixture is purged in the reactor additionally in the transverse direction for 70-90 hours at 75-90 ° C 1 table &

Description

The invention relates to the production of fertilizers and can be used in agriculture for the preparation of environmentally friendly fertilizers from poultry manure, in particular chicken manure.

The aim of the invention is to increase the productivity of the process by reducing the processing time.

The goal is achieved in that according to the method of obtaining fertilizer from poultry manure, which includes mixing manure with a moisture-absorbing material, loading the wet mixture into the reactor, blowing the raw material with oxygen-containing gas in a downward direction with subsequent aging in temperature-time mode and unloading the finished product before loading the temperature of the mixture is brought to the reactor up to 20-25 ° C, and the mixture is purged in the reactor additionally in the transverse direction for 70 to 90 hours at 75 to 90 ° C.

Example. Tests carried out at an industrial poultry farm with an under-dwelling poultry, for processing the litter of the proposed methods, showed that bringing the temperature of the initial mixture of litter with a moisture-absorbing material before loading it into the reactor to 20-25 ° C reduces the aerobic decomposition reaction time uniform heating throughout the whole of the mixture makes it possible to carry out the reaction at 75 - 90 ° C, sufficient to quickly turn the mixture into high-quality fertilizer, without loss of nutrients (especially but nitrogen). Blowing the mixture downwards and in the transverse direction also provides optimal conditions for aerobic decomposition, allows for a uniform process throughout the reactor volume without laborious operations of moving the lower layers of the mixture to the upper ones, shaping the processed ball into a ball shape, which requires special instrumentation.

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Carrying out the process to create optimal, uniform throughout the volume of its conditions, improves the performance of the process without complicating the hardware design, for 70 - 90 hours to obtain high-quality environmentally friendly fertilizer, completely degelmentized, and with the destroyed seeds of plants in it.

The method is carried out as follows.

Chicken droppings from an industrial poultry farm are crushed using an aggregate with cutters, passed through a screen to separate inclusions, mixed with a moisture-absorbing material and spread the mixture into piles,

The mixture thus treated has a uniform composition with a particle size of up to 12 mm, a humidity of 50-55%, and an N: C ratio of 1: 25.

Before loading into the reactor, the temperature of the mixture is determined and, if necessary, it is raised to 20-25 ° C, for which the copper layers are introduced into the lower layers of the mixture in the pile and the current is passed with a voltage of 65 V.

The mixture is then loaded using a front loader B reactor.

The reactor is a 4.7 x 8.4 x 4.6 m axle vessel. The reactor is closed with two two-floor doors, the outer of which is sealed and prevents odor, the inner ones are designed to absorb the pressure of the mixture and convenience full reactor load.

The batch is loaded into the reactor up to a height of 3 m, after which it is closed and the mixture is blown with oxygen-containing gas, such as air, in two directions: upward and crosswise.

The oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the re-ahtor from the bottom upwards through openings with a diameter of 8–15 mm, made in process pipes with a diameter of 80 mm, located in the floor part of the reactor 50 cm from each other across the entire width of the reactor.

The oxygen-containing gas is supplied in the transverse direction through similar openings made in similar process pipes, but located along the side walls at a height of 1 and 2 meters from the floor. To increase the efficiency of the recycling process and to distribute air more evenly throughout the volume of the pipe, located along different side walls, they are interconnected by bridges. Jumpers are also

process tubes with air holes in the bottom-up direction.

Oxygen-containing gas through the manifold, in which all the process tubes are brought, comes from the injection unit.

Regulation of the supply of oxygen-containing gas to the reactor is carried out with the help of dampers installed on these units, and by means of gas flow meters installed on the process tubes.

With the entry of oxygen-containing gas into the reactor, an intensive process of biological decomposition of the mixture begins in it with the temperature rising to 75 - 90 ° C. The process is accelerated to the specified temperature in 7-12 hours, after which the mixture is treated at

this temperature for 70 - 90 h.

Maintaining the temperature in the reactor at ypOBHt 75 - 90 ° C is carried out by adjusting the amount of air supplied and the time of its supply, for example air

every 8 minutes for 1 minute. When the temperature in the reactor is increased or decreased, which is monitored using thermal sensors with lagometers, the air supply time and, consequently,

its amount either decreases or increases.

The oxygen-containing gas passed through the mixture is removed from the reactor by exhaust ventilation,

built into the ceiling. The reduction of the overpressure inside the reactor is carried out with the help of a deflector installed in the ceiling of the reactor. The control of the percentage of oxygen in the processed mass is carried out using a gas analyzer that communicates with the internal volume of the reactor using a suction pipe.

The signal of product availability is a temperature drop of up to 30 ° C in the mass, which is also controlled by 6-8 thermo jets with lagometers.

The unloading of the finished product is carried out by a typical scraper conveyor.

The finished product has a moisture content of 30–45%, and is a homogeneous granular mass suitable for transportation, packing, and soil application.

The results of experiments on the preparation of fertilizer from bird droppings at various temperatures, to which it was raised in a mixture before being loaded into the reactor, are given in the table.

As can be seen from the table, the process costs the smallest time when the highest productivity is achieved when the temperature of the mixture rises before being loaded into the reactor to 20-25 ° C (compounds 1. A and 5). At values of this temperature of 20 ° C, the total time of the technological process of obtaining fertilizer increases, since when the mixture enters the reactor with a temperature of 20 ° C, the heating time of the mixture increases to 75 - 90 ° C, which reduces the overall performance of the process. In addition, the quality indicators of the fertilizer itself are much worse (composition 2).

Increasing the temperature of the mixture before loading into the reactor up to 25 ° C leads to significant nutrient losses, since there is no continuous aeration process necessary to mobilize and preserve the mobile forms of nutrients that take place during the mesophilic mode (25 - 35 ° C) ( composition 3).

Investigate the optimum temperature required to carry out the cycle of microbiological decomposition and to obtain the finished fertilizer. The most effective and in the shortest time periods the process of microbiological decomposition occurs at a temperature of from 75 to 90 ° C (compounds 6.9 and 10). If the temperature in the reactor is maintained at 75 ° C, the process of microbiological decomposition is inhibited, the time required for the production of the finished product is significantly increased, and the fertilizer quality indicators deteriorate (composition 7). At temperatures above 90 ° C (composition 8), the microbiological decomposition process also slows down, since temperatures above 90 ° C have a detrimental effect on the viability of microorganisms,

carrying out the decomposition process. Ultimately, this affects the performance of the process. In addition, the quality of the fertilizer produced does not meet the requirements.

Experimentally determine the residence time of the treated mixture in the reactor, necessary for the implementation of the full cycle of microbiological decomposition. The results of the experiments are presented in the table.

The most effective microbiological process takes 70 to 90 hours.

(compounds 11, 14 and 15) If its time is reduced to a period of less than 70 hours, the result will not be a complete cycle of microbial decomposition, will result in 5 seconds of incomplete fertilizer, which will need to be brought to readiness by additional methods. In addition, for a shorter time than 70 hours, no complete degelmentization of the litter will occur (composition 12). An extension of the process to more than 90 hours does not make sense, since the process of microbiological decomposition will already occur and the already prepared fertilizer is subjected to processing in the reactor. In the end, both a reduction and an increase in processing time above the optimum will affect the productivity of the method. In addition, the prolonged stay of the finished fertilizer in the zone of increased temperature sharply worsens the quality indicators of the finished fertilizer (nitrogen is lost) (composition 13),

Thus, the productivity of the proposed method increases by 1.3-1.5 times as compared with the known one due to the reduction in processing time.

The finished fertilizer is a homogeneous granular mass, convenient for transportation, packing, putting into soil Humidity 30-45%. Application of the proposed fertilizer for agricultural crops improves soil structure, destroys soil pests. Bulk density about 700 5 750 kg / m3. In various doses, applicable to all soils and for all plants.

Claims (1)

The composition of the finished fertilizer,%: M0bsch 2.7%, - Р2054.6%; K202.3%, pH6.1. Invention Formula 0 A method of obtaining fertilizer from bird droppings, which includes mixing the excrement with a moisture-absorbing material, loading the wet mixture into the reactor, blowing the raw material with oxygen-containing gas from the bottom-up direction, followed by exposure to temperature and time, and unloading the finished product, characterized in that to improve process performance 0 by reducing the processing time, before loading into the reactor, the temperature of the mixture is brought to 20-25 ° C. and purging the mixture in the reactor is additionally carried out in the transverse direction for 70 5 - 90 hours at 75 - 90 ° С. 8 p "m stay demolish the reactor, h Compliance with the requirements of 1G (Yuvr “W“ B4 mgolog osh ochy material 72 150 91 90 70 73 172 Correspondingly-Not-co-And "co-COOT-COOT-So-Not 73 Not 70 90 73 in Soot Soot Soot Soot-Not BY Not In the answer - the answer in the correspondence in the correspondence in the correspondence in the correspondence in the correspondence in the correspondence in the correspondence in the correspondence in correspondence with the correspondence in correspondence with the correspondence in accordance with the correspondence in correspondence with the correspondence in correspondence with the correspondence Thor Thor Thor Peat Peat Opil-Opip-Opi-Opip-Opi-Sopo-Solo-Solokn km km kn not on ma 172 - Not 73 Not 70 90 73 in Soot Soot Soot Soot-Not BY Not 90 70 t- corresponding to the corresponding corresponding to the corresponding corresponding to the wooves imparted to Corresponding to Corresponding Woove Opil-Opip-Opi-Opip-Opi-Sopo-Solo-Solo Solo-Solokki ki km ki kn not na ma me on mixture time up to 75-90t 35 ten 12