RU80847U1 - INSTALLATION FOR PRODUCING WOODEN ACTIVE COAL - Google Patents

Abstract

The apparatus for producing charcoal activated carbon belongs to the field of charcoal active carbon production and can be used for processing ground fresh wood, as well as pulp and paper production wastes. The installation comprises drying, pyrolysis, activation, and cooling chambers installed in the housing along the direction of the material, connected by transition pipelines and separated by heat-insulating gas-tight partitions. At the bottom of each chamber there are gas distribution grilles and screws for moving large particles. In the chambers of drying, pyrolysis and activation, insertion activators are installed located between the inner side walls of the chambers. The installation is equipped with devices with counter-swirling flows (AWZP) installed above the body during the process to separate the two-phase flow and complete the drying, pyrolysis and activation processes. Drying, pyrolysis and activation chambers are connected to the corresponding AWP through channels for supplying the working fraction. In their lower part, the AWPs are equipped with feeders for moving material from the AWZP of the previous chamber to the working area of the subsequent chamber through a pipeline. An injector is installed between the pyrolysis plant and the activation chamber to suck in particles and direct them into the activation chamber, 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of production of charcoal activated carbon and can be used for processing crushed fresh wood, as well as waste pulp and paper production, for example, lignin, bark, etc.

A known dryer for heat treatment of liquid suspensions, containing a rectangular casing, divided by an inclined gas-tight partition into successively located along the chamber material, the first of which is made with a gushing layer and braking elements, a vertical vortex separator equipped with swirlers in the upper and middle parts, and a device for input dried material, and the separator contains an additional swirler and a pipeline with a feeder, and a device for introducing dried m Therians located in the bottom of the separator and is made as a nozzle sprayer, around which there is an additional swirl insert, placing a separator wall into the swirl zone in the middle portion is perforated, and the separator tank is connected to the housing via a conduit with a feeder. (SU 1695089 A1, 11/30/91.).

The disadvantage of the above technical solution is the inability to use a dryer for the manufacture of charcoal.

A known installation for the production of charcoal, equipped with a channel for supplying steam to the cavity of the retort, installed along its axis. Openings for the exit of steam and gas are made in the lower part of the retort and

communicated with the furnace chamber. (RU 2105032 C1, 02.20.1998.)

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the need for periodic shutdown and cooling of the furnace for unloading the retort, selection of finished products and loading the next batch of wood, resulting in significant heat loss, as well as significant heat loss due to the release of hot gases into the atmosphere.

There is also known a plant for the production of charcoal, consisting of a furnace chamber with a combustion device, over which a retort is installed with openings for the exit of steam and gas located in the lower part of the retort and communicated with the furnace chamber, and a channel for supplying steam to the cavity of the retort. At the same time, it is equipped with a heat generator, the retort is made in the form of a pipe passing through the furnace chamber, with a loading hatch, a device for supplying wood, a first shutter before entering the kiln chamber, a second shutter and a discharge hatch after exiting the kiln chamber, guides are installed in the kiln chamber bulkheads dividing it itself into the furnace space, the pyrolysis chamber and the afterburner connected to the heat generator, and an air supply device is installed in the afterburner. (RU 2180345 C2, 03/10/2002.)

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the low heat and mass transfer, which increases the cost of fuel for receiving flue gases and reduces the productivity of the apparatus.

The closest technical solution to the proposed one is a unit for producing charcoal activated carbon, containing drying, pyrolysis (carbonization), activation and cooling chambers installed along the material path, connected by transition pipelines and separated by heat-insulating gas-tight partitions, while the bottoms and lids of the chambers

made at an angle of 55-65 ° for uniform distribution of the coolant into the chambers, and at the bottom of each chamber there are gas distribution grids and screws for moving large particles and crushing gas bubbles to create an organized fluidized bed of large particles, and in the drying, pyrolysis and activation chambers for auto-regulation - increasing the residence time in the chamber of small and medium particles in the mode of organized pneumatic transport, activator inserts. (RU 73871 U1, 06/10/2008)

The disadvantage of the closest analogue is the insufficient residence time of the feedstock in each of the chambers, the inability to adjust this time, as well as the low degree of separation of solid particles from the chamber to the chamber, causing large losses of the solid phase, which ultimately reduces the performance of the installation.

The present utility model is based on the task of eliminating these drawbacks and creating such a plant that provides highly qualified separation and the ability to change the residence time of the solid phase without changing the dimensions of the plant itself, which allows to increase its productivity, to intensify the process as a whole and at each stage in separately, to increase the yield and quality of the finished product, to reduce losses in the solid phase.

The technical result consists in the possibility of using swirling flows at the main stages of the technological process (drying, pyrolysis, activation), which allow the separation of a two-phase flow (gas and dispersed particles) and provide a significant acceleration of the drying process, completion of the pyrolysis of coal particles and their activation.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the known installation

for producing charcoal activated charcoal, containing drying, pyrolysis, activation and cooling chambers installed in the housing along the direction of the material, separated by heat-insulating gas-tight partitions and connected by transition pipelines for uniform movement of material from chamber to chamber, the bottoms and lids of the chambers being made at an angle 55-65 ° for uniform distribution of the coolant into the chambers, gas distribution grilles and screws for moving large particles are placed in the lower part of each chamber and crushing gas bubbles to create an organized fluidized bed of large particles, and in the drying, pyrolysis and activation chambers installed for auto-regulation - to increase the residence time of small and medium particles in the organized pneumatic transport mode, activator inserts placed between the inner side walls of the chambers according to this utility model, it is equipped with devices with oncoming swirling flows (AWZP) installed above the body during the technological process for section biphasic flow and completion of the drying, pyrolysis and activation processes, and the drying, pyrolysis and activation chambers are connected to the corresponding WAF via channels for supplying the working fraction, while the WAF in their lower part are equipped with feeders for moving material from the WAF of the previous chamber to the subsequent working area chambers by means of a pipeline, and an injector is installed between the pyrolysis plant and the activation chamber to draw particles in and direct them to the activation chamber.

Installation in the design of apparatuses with countercurrent swirling flows (AWZP) allows for the separation of two-phase flows between all the main stages of the technological process, as well as maximum drying of particles after the dryer, completion of the pyrolysis of coal particles and activation, which leads to intensification

the process of producing activated carbon, reducing the time to obtain it, increases the yield and quality of the finished product.

Placing the feeders with pipelines in the lower part of each apparatus with oncoming swirling flows allows evenly moving solid particles from the WZP of the previous chamber to the working area of the subsequent chamber, as well as preventing the coolant from moving from the subsequent chamber to the previous one.

Placing the injector between the AWP pyrolysis and the activation chamber contributes to the maximum suction of particles to direct them into the activation chamber.

The activation chamber is made of heat-resistant non-metallic or metallic material to withstand high temperatures inside the chamber.

The entire claimed combination of essential features affects the achievement of a technical result and, ultimately, the solution of the task.

The utility model is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a schematic diagram of the installation;

The proposed apparatus for producing charcoal activated charcoal comprises a housing 1, with drying chambers 2, pyrolysis 3, activation 4 and cooling 5 installed in it along the movement of the material, connected by transition pipes 6 for uniform movement of the material from chamber to chamber, and separated by heat insulation gas-tight partitions 7, moreover, in the drying, pyrolysis and activation chambers 2-4 are installed to increase the residence time in the chambers of small and medium particles in an organized air otransporta inserts activator 8 disposed between the inner side walls of the chambers 2-4. The bottoms 9 and covers 10 of chambers 2-5 are made at an angle of 55-65 ° for uniform distribution of the coolant into the chambers, at the bottom of each

chambers 2-5 contain gas distribution grids 11 and screws 12 for moving large particles and crushing gas bubbles to create an organized fluidized bed of large particles. The installation is equipped with devices with oncoming swirling flows (AWZP) 13, 14, 15 installed above the housing 1 during the technological process to separate the two-phase flow and complete the drying, pyrolysis and activation processes, and the drying, pyrolysis and activation chambers 2-4 are connected to the corresponding AWP 13-15 through the channels 16 for supplying the working fraction, while the AWP 13-15 in their lower part are equipped with feeders 17 for moving the material from the AWP of the previous chamber to the working area of the subsequent chamber through the pipe 18, and ezhdu AVZP 14 and the pyrolysis chamber 4 is mounted activate the injector 19 for sucking the particles and their direction in the activation chamber 4.

Installation works as follows.

Crushed fresh wood (sawdust) with a moisture content of up to 50-60% is supplied from the loading hopper 20 to the drying chamber 2, where moisture is removed from the feedstock to 13 ... 15% humidity.

At the same time, atmospheric air heated by an electric air heater 22 is supplied to this chamber 2 through a pipe 21. Drying is carried out mainly in the mode of organized pneumatic transport in a fluidized bed, which is created due to the operation of the screw 12 and the supply of hot coolant to the chamber 2. The dried material is uniformly moved along the transition pipe 6 by means of a screw 12 into the pyrolysis chamber 3.

The temperature of the working medium in the drying chamber 2 is 150-300 ° C. Particles of wood by air flow rise vertically through chamber 2, falling through channel 16 into an apparatus with an oncoming swirling stream 13, where the particles of wood are dried and the two-phase stream is separated (solid particles are gas). As

the twisting flow in the AWZP 13 is air passing through an electric air heater 22, where it is heated to a temperature of about 280 ° C, and then fed through the pipe 23 to the AWZ 13. The wood particles dried in the AWZ 13 are fed through the feeder 17 to the pyrolysis chamber 3.

The air leaving AVZP 13 rises along the central pipe 24. The working medium in the pyrolysis chamber 3 is carbon dioxide. It is supplied from cylinders 25 through an electric air heater 26, where it is heated to a temperature of 600 ° C and then fed through a pipe 27 to the entrance to the pyrolysis chamber 3. In the pyrolysis chamber 3, the dried wood particles interact with carbon dioxide in the mode of organized pneumatic transport, as a result of which release gases contained in wood, and wood turns into coal. Further, larger coal particles that do not participate in the organized pneumatic transport mode and do not pass through the AWZ 14 are uniformly moved by the screw 12 into the activation chamber 4 by means of a transition pipe 6. In this case, 83-85% of the wood burns out, turning into a mixture of released gases, and leaving the pyrolysis chamber 3 remains only 15-17% of coal particles. From chamber 3, coal particles pass through channel 16 into an apparatus with an oncoming swirling stream 14 (AWZP 14), where the process of pyrolysis of coal particles is completed and two-phase flow is separated. Carbon dioxide passing through an electric air heater 26 and heated to a temperature of about 600 ° C serves as a twisting stream in the AWZP 14. Gas is supplied to the AWZP 14 through the pipeline 28. Moving coal particles are lowered through the AWZ 14, and through the feeder 17 and the injector 19, which sucks the coal particles, they are sent through the pipeline 18 to the activation chamber 4. The working medium in the chamber 4 is superheated water vapor. Water vapor is supplied to the chamber 4 from the steam generator 29 through the superheater 30 through the pipe 31, where it reaches a temperature of about 850 ° C. Inside the camera 4

charcoal interacts with superheated water vapor, as a result of which all particles of charcoal are activated, i.e. pores of certain sizes are formed inside each of the particles. The activated carbon particles picked up by the superheated steam stream rise upstream of the activation chamber 4 and, through channel 16, enter the apparatus with an oncoming swirling stream 15 (AWZP 15), where the carbon particles are further activated and the two-phase stream is separated. The spin stream in the AWZP 15 is a carbon dioxide stream passing through an electric air heater 26 and heated to a temperature of 600 ° C, which is supplied to the AWZ 15 through a pipe 32. Then, activated carbon particles are lowered and through a feeder 17 through a pipe 18 enter the cooling chamber 5, where, passing through the coil of the refrigerator 33, they are cooled by water, the temperature of which is 6-20 ° C. Waste water enters the steam generator 29, and activated carbon cooled to 40 ° C enters the finished product bin 34.

Thus, the proposed installation provides a reduction in the residence time of particles in the drying, carbonization and activation chambers, which allows to reduce the dimensions of the chambers by approximately 2 times, thereby reducing the cost of their manufacture, and to increase productivity. In addition, due to the additional processes of drying, pyrolysis, activation and highly qualified separation, the yield and quality of the finished product are increased.

The installation successfully passed pilot-industrial tests and confirmed the feasibility of its use, and experimental studies made it possible to select the best methods and modes for producing active charcoal (DAU).

Claims (1)

A plant for producing charcoal activated carbon, comprising drying, pyrolysis, activation and cooling chambers installed in the housing along the direction of the material, separated by heat-insulating gas-tight partitions and connected by transition pipelines for uniform movement of material from chamber to chamber, with bottoms and lids of chambers angle of 55-65 ° for uniform distribution of the coolant into the chambers, gas distribution grilles and screws for moving cereals are placed in the lower part of each chamber particles and crushing gas bubbles to create an organized fluidized bed of large particles, and in the drying, pyrolysis and activation chambers are installed for auto-regulation - to increase the residence time in the chamber of small and medium particles in the mode of organized pneumatic transport, activator inserts located between the inner side the walls of the chambers, characterized in that it is equipped with devices installed on the body during the technological process with counter-swirling flows (AWZP) for the section two-phase flow and completion of the drying, pyrolysis and activation processes, moreover, the drying, pyrolysis and activation chambers are connected to the corresponding WAW through channels for supplying the working fraction, while the WAWs in their lower part are equipped with feeders for moving material from the WAW of the previous chamber to the subsequent working area the chamber by means of a pipeline, and an injector is installed between the pyrolysis plant and the activation chamber to suck in the particles and direct them into the activation chamber.