RU73871U1 - INSTALLATION FOR PRODUCING WOODEN ACTIVE COAL (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of production of charcoal activated carbon and can be used for processing crushed fresh wood. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the proposed apparatus for producing charcoal activated carbon (according to the first embodiment) contains a rectangular section housing with drying, carbonization (pyrolysis), activation and cooling chambers installed therein along the path of the material. The chambers are connected by transition pipelines and separated by heat-insulating gas-tight partitions. The bottoms and covers of the chambers are made at an angle of 55-65 ° for uniform distribution of the coolant into the chambers. At the bottom of each chamber there are gas distribution grids and screws for moving large particles and crushing gas bubbles to create an organized fluidized bed of large particles. In the drying, carbonization (pyrolysis) and activation chambers, automatic control is installed - to increase the residence time of small and medium particles in the mode of organized pneumatic transport, activator inserts made in the form of metal plates placed between the inner side walls of the chambers. Transitional pipelines are made in the form of U-shaped pipes with an internal spiral for uniform movement of large material from chamber to chamber. The difference in the second option is that the drying chamber is set for automatic control - to increase the residence time in the chamber of small and medium particles in the mode of organized pneumatic transport, activator inserts in the form of metal plates placed between the inner side walls of the chambers, and in the chambers

For carbonization and activation, activator inserts are placed in the form of perforated metal pipes mounted one above the other with a spiral built in and holes located at the ends of each pipe, while the outlet openings from the lower pipe are aligned with the inlet openings to the upper pipe. The difference in the second embodiment is also that the perforation size of the metal pipe with the spiral integrated inside is not more than 0.05 mm, and the angle of inclination of the spiral is 30-75 °. In addition, the openings for the exit and entry of dusty gas are made the same and have an area equal to the cross section of the pipe. 8 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of production of charcoal activated carbon and can be used for processing crushed fresh wood.

A known dryer for heat treatment of liquid suspensions, containing a rectangular casing, divided by an inclined gas-tight partition into successively located along the chamber material, the first of which is made with a gushing layer and braking elements, a vertical vortex separator equipped with swirlers in the upper and middle parts, and a device for input dried material, and the separator contains an additional swirler and a pipeline with a feeder, and a device for introducing dried m Therians located in the bottom of the separator and is made as a nozzle sprayer, around which there is an additional swirl insert, placing a separator wall into the swirl zone in the middle portion is perforated, and the separator tank is connected to the housing via a conduit with a feeder. (SU 1695089 A1, 11/30/91.).

The disadvantage of the above technical solution is the inability to use a dryer for the manufacture of charcoal.

A known installation for the production of charcoal, equipped with a channel for supplying steam to the cavity of the retort, installed along its axis. Openings for the exit of steam and gas

at the bottom of the retort and communicated with the furnace chamber. (RU 2105032 C1, 02.20.1998.)

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the need for periodic shutdown and cooling of the furnace for unloading the retort, selection of finished products and loading the next batch of wood, resulting in significant heat loss, as well as significant heat loss due to the release of hot gases into the atmosphere.

There is also known a plant for the production of charcoal, consisting of a furnace chamber with a combustion device, over which a retort is installed with openings for the exit of steam and gas located in the lower part of the retort and communicated with the furnace chamber, and a channel for supplying steam to the cavity of the retort. At the same time, it is equipped with a heat generator, the retort is made in the form of a pipe passing through the furnace chamber, with a loading hatch, a device for supplying wood, a first shutter before entering the kiln chamber, a second shutter and a discharge hatch after exiting the kiln chamber, guides are installed in the kiln chamber bulkheads dividing it itself into the furnace space, the pyrolysis chamber and the afterburner connected to the heat generator, and an air supply device is installed in the afterburner. (RU 2180345 C2, 03/10/2002.).

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the low heat and mass transfer, which increases the cost of fuel for receiving flue gases and reduces the productivity of the apparatus.

The basis of this utility model is the task of creating a continuous installation for the production of charcoal from charcoal with the possibility

optimization of the process as a whole and each stage separately (drying, carbonization (pyrolysis), activation and cooling). The objective is also to reduce energy consumption, ensure rapid pyrolysis, improve the quality of the final product, ensure increased productivity, reduce fuel costs for flue gases, improve the environment.

The technical result consists in the intensification of heat and mass transfer between the coolant (gas mixture) and particles of wood, then charcoal and finally charcoal activated charcoal (DAU), as well as between the coolant and DAU, which provides a significant acceleration of drying, pyrolysis and activation processes, burning gaseous pyrolysis products, which improves the environment, as well as the use of heat of pyrolysis, which reduces the cost of fuel for the production of flue gases.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the proposed apparatus for producing charcoal activated carbon, according to the present utility model, according to the first embodiment, comprises a rectangular section housing, with drying, carbonization (pyrolysis), activation and cooling chambers connected to the pipelines and separated by heat-insulating gas-tight partitions, while the bottoms and lids of the chambers are made at an angle of 55-65 ° for uniform distribution of the coolant in the chamber ry, the bottom of each chamber has a gas distribution grid and the screws for moving the large particles and gas bubbles crushing organized to create a fluidized bed of large particles, and drying chambers carbonization (pyrolysis) and mounted for activating autoregulation - increasing the residence time in the chamber

small and medium particles in organized pneumatic transport mode, activator inserts in the form of metal plates placed between the inner side walls of the chambers, while the transition pipelines are made in the form of U-shaped pipes with an internal spiral for uniform movement of large material from the chamber to the chamber.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the proposed apparatus for producing charcoal activated carbon, according to the present utility model, according to the second embodiment, comprises a rectangular section housing with drying, carbonization (pyrolysis), activation and cooling chambers connected therein connected in the direction of the material’s movement, connected transition pipelines and separated by heat-insulating gas-tight partitions, while the bottoms and lids of the chambers are made at an angle of 55-65 ° for uniform distribution of the coolant , in the lower part of each chamber there are gas distribution grilles and screws for moving large particles and crushing gas bubbles to create an organized fluidized bed of large particles, moreover, in the drying chamber are installed for automatic control - to increase the residence time of small and medium particles in the organized pneumatic transport mode , activator inserts in the form of metal plates placed between the inner side walls of the chambers, and in the carbonization and activation chambers placed wok activators in the form of perforated metal pipes mounted one above the other with a spiral integrated inside and openings located at the ends of each pipe, while the outlet openings from the lower pipe are aligned with the openings to the upper pipe.

At the same time, transition pipelines are made in the form of U-shaped pipes with an internal spiral for uniform movement of large material from chamber to chamber.

The installation in the form of drying, carbonization (pyrolysis), activation and cooling chambers interconnected and installed along the movement of the material in a single rectangular case ensures continuous operation, optimization of each stage and the process as a whole, energy and material savings, and increased productivity.

The implementation of the bottoms and lids of the chambers at an angle of 55 ° -65 ° allows you to evenly distribute the reaction gas, a liquefying agent, over the chamber cross section, which ensures uniform fluidization of solid particles and, on this basis, uniform processing of particles.

It is inappropriate to make bottoms and covers at an angle of less than 55 ° and more than 65 °, as this leads to uneven processing of particles.

Performing (according to the first embodiment) in the chambers of drying, carbonization (pyrolysis) and activation of activator inserts in the form of metal plates installed between the inner side walls of the chambers allows to increase the residence time of small and medium particles in the chamber (the larger the particle, the longer it stays in chamber, i.e., a small particle is small, and the average is a little larger, due to which the quality of the final product increases).

The implementation of transition pipelines in the form of U-shaped pipes allows the transfer of large particles sequentially from the drying chamber to the carbonization (pyrolysis) chamber and then from the carbonization (pyrolysis) chamber to the activation chamber and further to the cooling chamber. In this case, the material inside the pipeline forms a shutter -

does not pass gas from chamber to chamber.

The implementation (according to the second embodiment) in the carbonization and activation chambers of the activator inserts in the form of perforated metal pipes mounted one above the other with a spiral built in inside and holes located at the ends of each pipe provides a sufficiently long residence time of particles in the chamber under conditions of active interaction of solid and gaseous phases, much larger than in the first embodiment.

It is necessary that the openings of the outlet from the lower pipe be aligned with the openings of the entrance to the upper pipe, since there must be an unhindered entry of the two-phase flow, (solid phase - gas).

The number of installed perforated metal pipes and the pipe length are determined from the conditions for ensuring the necessary processing-activation time and the residence time of particles in the pipe.

The size of the perforation is not more than 0.05 mm so that small particles cannot penetrate through the holes.

The openings for the entry and exit of dusty gas are made equal and have an area equal to the cross section of the pipe in order to reduce hydraulic resistance.

The angle of inclination of the spiral is 30-75 °. If less than 30 °, then the residence time of particles in the pipe is unacceptably reduced, if more than 75 °, stagnant zones appear.

The entire claimed combination of essential features affects the achievement of a technical result and, ultimately, the solution of the task.

The utility model is illustrated in the drawing, where:

figure 1 - General view of the installation with cameras;

figure 2 is a General view of the camera with inserts activators (in the first embodiment)

figure 3 is a General view of the camera with inserts activators (in the second embodiment)

figure 4 is a General view of the insert-activator in the form of a metal plate;

figure 5 General view of the insert-activator in the form of a perforated metal pipe;

figure 6 is a General view of a U-shaped transitional pipelines;

Fig.7 is a schematic diagram of the installation (for the first option);

on Fig - schematic diagram of the installation (for the second option)

The proposed apparatus for producing charcoal activated carbon according to the first embodiment comprises a rectangular housing 1, with drying chambers 2, carbonization (pyrolysis) 3, activation 4 and cooling 5 connected by transition pipelines 6 and separated by heat-insulating gas-tight chambers installed therein during the movement of the material partitions 7, while the bottoms 8 and the covers 9 of the chambers 2-5 are made at an angle of 55-65 ° for uniform distribution of the coolant, gas distribution grilles are located in the lower part of each of the chambers 2-5 10 and screws 11 for moving large particles and crushing gas bubbles to create an organized fluidized bed of large particles, and in the drying, carbonization (pyrolysis) and activation chambers 2-4 are installed to increase the residence time of small and medium particles in the chambers

in the mode of organized pneumatic transport, activator inserts in the form of metal plates, 12 located between the inner side walls of chambers 2-4.

Transitional pipelines 6 are made in the form of U-shaped pipes with an internal spiral for uniform movement of large material from chamber to chamber.

The proposed apparatus for producing charcoal activated charcoal according to the second embodiment comprises a rectangular housing 1, with drying chambers 2, carbonization (pyrolysis) 3, activation 4 and cooling 5 connected by transition pipelines 6 and separated by heat-insulating gas-tight chambers installed therein during the movement of the material partitions 7, while the bottoms 8 and the covers 9 of the chambers 2-5 are made at an angle of 55-65 ° for uniform distribution of the coolant, gas distribution grilles are located in the lower part of each of the chambers 2-5 10 and screws 11 for moving large particles and crushing gas bubbles to create an organized fluidized bed regime of large particles, and in the drying chambers 2, carbonization (pyrolysis) 3 and activation 4 are installed to increase the residence time of small and medium particles in the chambers pneumotransport, activator inserts, moreover, in the drying chamber 2 - in the form of metal plates 12 located between the inner side walls of the chambers, and in the carbonization chambers 3, and activation 4 - in the form of installed one above the other th perforated metal pipes 13 with an internal spiral 14 and openings 15 for the entry of dusty gas and openings 16 for the exit of dusty gas. Holes 15, 16 are located at the ends of the pipes 13, while the holes 16 for exiting

the lower pipe aligned with the holes 15 to enter the upper pipe.

The lower part of the carbonization (pyrolysis) and activation chambers can be made in the form of cylindrical containers with a rotating screw inside to increase the productivity of the carbonization (pyrolysis) chambers and the activation of large particles.

Installation works as follows.

The crushed fresh wood with a moisture content of up to 50-60% is supplied to the drying chamber 2, at the same time, air from the atmosphere is supplied to this chamber, heated to 105 ° -150 ° C by flue gases in the heat exchanger 17. (see Fig. 7). The wood supplied for drying consists of large particles with a diameter of 25-40 mm, medium particles with a diameter of 1-5 mm and small particles with a diameter of 0.3-1 mm.

Large and medium particles, blown by the flow of hot air, form a bubble fluidized bed above the gas distribution grid 10 in the area of the screw 11, where they are dried in almost isothermal conditions. Continuously moving screw 11 provides non-destructive transportation of particles to the transition pipe 6, through which they enter the carbonization chamber 3, while allowing for bubble fluidization.

Due to the internal spiral placed in the transition pipe 6, the material moves uniformly from chamber to chamber.

Small and partially medium particles are also dried by the hot air entering the chamber 2 in the pneumatic transport mode. From the drying chamber 2 they enter the filter 18, where there is a separation of air and particles. Small and medium particles from the filter 18 are fed into the carbonization chamber 3. In the carbonization chamber 3

Simultaneously with 13-20% chopped wood dried to a moisture content, flue gases with a temperature of 450 ° -650 ° C are supplied. The flue gases are injected by the fan 19 from the boiler unit 20 through the heat exchanger 17. In the carbonization chamber 3, above and below the continuously moving screw 11, a bubble fluidized bed of large and medium wood particles is formed in which pyrolysis and calcination take place, i.e. wood turns into coal. After passing through the carbonization chamber 3, the flue gases carry away from it small and medium particles carbonized in the pneumatic transport mode. Small and medium particles from the filter 18 are fed into the activation chamber 4. Part of the flue gas stream, after being cleaned in the filter 18, is sent to the activation chamber 4. Large particles of coal in the carbonization chamber 3 are transported by the screw 11 to the transition pipe 6, through which they enter activation camera 4.

In the activation chamber 4, large and partially medium particles of charcoal received after carbonization form a fluidized bed by supplying water vapor, flue gases and gases after carbonization. Water vapor and flue gases are injected by the fan 19 from the boiler unit 20 with a low pressure superheater and economizer. Activation takes place at a temperature of 850 ° C in a fluidized bed for large and part of medium particles, for the rest - in the mode of pneumatic transport.

The flow of gases with small particles from the activation chamber 4 is supplied by a blower to the apparatus with oncoming swirling flows 21 (AWZP), where small particles are separated and cooled, which enter the hopper. To cool the particles in the apparatus 21, nitrogen is supplied by a blower. Purified from solid

substances gas and nitrogen are partially fed into the cooling chamber 5. After activation, large and partially medium particles of hot activated charcoal are also fed through the transition pipe 6 to the cooling chamber 5, where they are cooled in a fluidized mode to a temperature of 45 ° -60 ° C with a stream of nitrogen gas mixture pumped by the blower, and gas after the apparatus 21 (AWZP).

Thus, the proposed installation has the following advantages:

1. The processes of external heat and mass transfer are sharply intensified at the stages of supply of the oxidizing agent and removal of gaseous reaction products, which sharply reduces the time of the process;

2. the surface of heat and mass transfer increases; when bubbles are eliminated, it becomes close to the sum of the surfaces of individual particles (for the lower part of the apparatus);

3. it becomes possible to ensure almost the same residence time of particles of equal sizes in the apparatus, provided that high values of the coefficients of heat and mass transfer and the possibility of automatic control (for the upper part of the apparatus) of the residence time and their use for materials of wide fractional composition;

4. allows you to easily optimize each of the stages of the process and the process as a whole;

5. energy is saved, because the raw materials from the chamber to the chamber does not come with ambient temperature, but with the temperature of the previous stage;

6. The environmental situation is improving, as the raw materials for it can be woodworking waste affected by diseases

trees, and other waste;

7. The proposed installation is a continuous installation.

The installation successfully passed pilot industrial tests and confirmed the feasibility of its use.

Claims (7)

1. Installation for producing charcoal activated charcoal, characterized in that it contains a rectangular housing with installed in it along the movement of the material drying, carbonization, activation and cooling chambers, connected by transition pipelines and separated by heat-insulating gas-tight partitions, while the bottom and chamber covers are made at an angle of 55-65 ° for uniform distribution of the coolant, gas distribution grilles and screws for moving pnyh particles, and drying chambers, carbonization and activation are set to increase the residence time in each chamber of small and medium particle paste-activators in the form of metal plates placed between the inner side walls of the chambers. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the transition pipelines are made in the form of U-shaped pipes with an internal spiral for uniform movement of material from chamber to chamber. 3. Installation for producing charcoal activated charcoal, characterized in that it contains a rectangular cross-sectional casing with drying, carbonization, activation and cooling chambers installed therein along the movement of the material, connected by transition pipelines and separated by heat-insulating gas-tight partitions, while the bottoms and chamber covers are made at an angle of 55-65 ° for uniform distribution of the coolant, gas distribution grilles and screws for moving particles, and in the drying, carbonization and activation chambers, activator inserts are installed to increase the residence time of small and medium particles in each chamber, moreover, in the drying chamber, in the form of metal plates located between the inner side walls of the chambers, and in the carbonization and activation chambers - in the form of perforated metal pipes mounted one above the other with a spiral built-in inside and openings for the exit and entry of dusty gas located at the edges of each pipe, with the outlet openings from the lower pipe s are aligned with the entrance holes into the upper tube. 4. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the transition pipelines are made in the form of U-shaped pipes with an internal spiral for uniform movement of large material from chamber to chamber. 5. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the size of the perforation of the metal pipe with a spiral integrated inside is not more than 0.05 mm. 6. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the openings for the outlet and inlet of the dusty gas are made the same and have an area equal to the cross section of the pipe. 7. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the spiral integrated inside the metal pipes is 30-75 °.