RU69206U1 - WATER-SOLID FUEL BOILER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to energy, in particular, to devices for heating individual residential buildings and supplying hot water for household needs in places where there are no modern heat sources. The proposed solid fuel hot water boiler contains a housing (1) with steel double walls forming an outer water jacket (2), convective air-gas passages (10) connected to a gas collection manifold (11), a filling hopper (7), which is closed to the combustion chamber ( 8) with a grate (5), under which there is an ash bin (9), a cold supply (12) and a hot water outlet (14). In the interior of the housing (1), the double walls form an additional water jacket (3) in the form of frontally located upper and lower protrusions connected by at least one row of water heating pipes (4), the gaps between which form convective air-gas passages (10), the filling hopper (7) is inclined, bounded below by the grate (5) and adjacent to the combustion chamber (8), and the grate (5) consists of horizontal and inclined sections, where the inclined section of the grate (5) is an integral part of one of the walls of the filling hopper (7). The proposed design of the boiler allows creating optimal conditions for the circulation of water when it is heated in the boiler, increasing the efficiency of fuel combustion and increasing the duration of its burning from loading to loading, and facilitating the maintenance and operation of the boiler. 15 s.p. f-ly, 4 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to energy, in particular, to devices for heating individual residential buildings and supplying hot water for household needs in places where there are no modern heat sources.

A vertical solid fuel boiler is known, comprising a housing with steel double walls forming a volume in the form of water jackets arranged concentrically with the formation of gaps for the passage of hot gases and connected through pipes to the top and bottom with hollow bottoms, removable covers closed on bolts, located under the bottom a combustion chamber, a central gas duct that closes to a gas collection manifold, a cold water supply pipe and a hot water pipe [patent RU 2052733, publ. 01/20/1996]. The disadvantages of the known boiler are its complex design, difficult access to the internal surfaces of the boiler when they are cleaned of combustion products, limited possibilities for free expansion of the combustion chamber in the boiler body due to its small volume, and as a result, rapid combustion of fuel.

Also known is a solid-fuel hot-water furnace containing a housing with steel double walls forming a heating cavity in the form of water jackets, a filling chamber with a grate and an ash box closed by a door, a convective Z-shaped gas passage passing between the water jackets and closed to the gas collection manifold , a cold water supply pipe and a hot water discharge pipe [patent CN 1755195, publ. 04/05/2006]. The disadvantages of the known furnace are the low heat transfer efficiency of the flue gases due to the incomplete use of the heating areas, a large amount of emission of volatile particles of fuel and combustion products into the atmosphere, the limited volume of the combustion chamber, which often has to load new portions of coal.

As a prototype, a home-built solid fuel boiler built into the wall is adopted, comprising a housing with steel double walls forming a water jacket, at least one convective air-gas passage connected to a gas collection manifold, a filling hopper that closes to the combustion chamber with a grate, under which is the ash bin, the supply of cold and the removal of hot water [patent GB 594282, publ. 11/06/1947]. The disadvantages of the known boiler are the difficulty of access to its internal heating surfaces when they are cleaned of combustion products, the presence of stagnant zones in a large volume of a water jacket, disrupting the circulation of water, and reducing the speed

washing of heating surfaces, which leads to a decrease in heat transfer, as well as a short burning time of solid fuel with incomplete combustion, requiring constant attention to the boiler from the side of a person and its frequent loading, which complicates its maintenance and operation.

The technical problem for which this device is proposed is to create optimal conditions for the circulation of water when it is heated in the boiler, increase the efficiency of fuel combustion and increase the duration of its burning from loading to loading, facilitating the maintenance and operation of the boiler.

The specified technical problem is solved by the proposed solid fuel boiler, comprising a casing with steel double walls forming a water jacket, at least one convective air-gas passage connected to a gas collection manifold, a filling hopper that closes to the combustion chamber with a grate, under which an ash hopper, cold inlet and hot water outlet. What is new is that in the interior of the casing the double walls form an additional water jacket in the form of frontally located upper and lower protrusions connected by at least one row of water heating pipes, the gaps between which form convective air-gas passages; the filling bunker is inclined, bounded below by the grate and located adjacent to the combustion chamber, and the grate consists of horizontal and inclined sections, where the inclined section of the grate is an integral part of one of the walls of the filling bunker. For a uniform flow of fuel into the combustion zone, it is better if the angle of inclination of the wall of the filling hopper is equal to the angle of inclination of the inclined section of the grate. The angle of inclination of the hopper and the lattice can be from 60 to 80 degrees. For the free passage of hot gases, it is better if the gaps between the water pipes are at least their diameter. The upper and lower protrusions of the inner water jacket can be connected by four rows of water pipes. For a more complete heat transfer from the hot gases, it is better if the water heating pipes are installed staggered. In the lower part of the interior of the housing, the double walls can form an additional water jacket in the form of horizontal protrusions, which can be connected by one row of pipes. For the smooth passage of falling solid particles from the flows of hot gases into the ash bin, it is better if the pipes are installed with a pitch of at least 100 mm. A cold water supply can be located at the bottom of the boiler body. Water circulation

pipes and water jackets will be better if the cold water supply is located at the level of the marked horizontal ledges connected by a number of pipes. In the upper part of the casing, water shirts and water heating pipes can be combined with a common water tank, in which hot water can mix and reach a stable temperature. It will be optimal for hot water intake if the hot water outlet is located in the upper part of the boiler body. The hot water outlet can be located above the common water tank. For withdrawal from the boiler and disposal of cooled gases, it is more convenient if the gas collection manifold is located in the lower part of the housing. The upper part of the filling hopper can protrude from the vertical plane of the housing, which will facilitate the filling of fuel into the boiler.

The utility model is illustrated by graphic materials. Figure 1 shows a front section of the boiler, figure 2 shows a side section of the boiler, figure 3 shows a horizontal section of the boiler at the level of the water pipes, figure 4 shows a horizontal section of the boiler at the level of the grate.

The utility model is illustrated by an example of a specific implementation. The steel solid fuel boiler contains a welded casing 1 made of sheet steel with a thickness of δ = 4 mm along the frame of a steel corner L 40 × 4 with holes in the shelves of the straight passage of water (not shown). The boiler body 1 consists of double walls that form the outer and inner water shirts 2 and 3 (see figures 1 and 2). The thickness of the outer water jacket 2 is δ = 25 mm, and the thickness of the inner water jacket 3 is δ = 50 mm. Inside the housing 1, water shirts 3 form the upper and lower protrusions, which are interconnected in four staggered rows of inclined water heating steel pipes 4 with a diameter of ⌀ = 25 mm (see Fig. 3). The angle of inclination of the pipes 4 corresponds to the angle of inclination of the grate 5 and is 70 degrees. The boiler body 1 contains a filling hopper 7, which is closed by a folding steel shutter 6, the upper part of which protrudes beyond the vertical plane of the housing 1. The walls of the upper part of the hopper 7 are external and internal water jackets 2 and 3, and the lower part of the hopper 7 is closed to the grate 5 of the furnace chambers 8. The grate 5 is made of cast iron and consists of horizontal and inclined sections (see figure 4). The angle of inclination of the grate 5 is 70 degrees. Under the grate 5 there is a drawer of the ash bin 9, made of sheet steel δ = 4 mm. A package of steel pipes 4 is located inside the boiler body 1 frontally, across the hot gas path. Between the steel pipes 4 there are gaps forming many convective air-gas passages 10 passing

through the package of water heating pipes 4 and closing at the outlet of the boiler to the exhaust duct of the gas collector 11. In the lower part of the outer water jacket 2 there is a steel pipe 12 for supplying cold water with a diameter of ⌀ = 25 mm, and in the upper part of the common water tank 13 there is a steel pipe 14 hot water outlet with a diameter of ⌀ = 25 mm. The lower horizontally located protruding part of the inner water jacket 3 is connected across the width of the boiler body 1 with the lower horizontally located protruding part of the outer water jacket 2 by connecting pipes 15 with a diameter of ⌀ = 25 mm, installed through 125 mm. The upper part of the water jackets 2 and 3 and the package of heating pipes 4 are combined by a common water reservoir 13. From the side of the hopper, in the lower part of the housing 1 there is an air duct 16 of a blower fan (not shown). On the inclined side of the housing 1 there are two technological openings that are closed by tilt-and-turn covers 17, designed to clean the internal surfaces of the heating pipes 4 and water jackets 2 and 3 from the combustion products.

The principle of operation of the boiler is as follows. The steel pipe 12 for supplying cold water is connected to a source (not shown) and water jackets 2 and 3 are filled, pipes 4 and the upper common tank 13 are filled with water, after which, in a horizontal section of the grate 5, the fire is traditionally ignited to the required heating temperature, and then gradually portions of brown coal are fed through the hopper 7 to the grate 5. Brown coal begins to ignite, and, as the hopper 7 is filled, the upper layers of coal dry out under the influence of the heat of water jackets 2 and 3 and then, under its own weight, the coal continues to gradually move into the combustion zone on the grate 5. The hopper 7 is completely covered with coal and the hinged cover damper 6. Further, the combustion process continues independently for a long time without human intervention. As the coal burns out in the lower layer, the ash falls through the grate 5, and the next dried up layer of fuel falls into the combustion zone along the inclined wall of the hopper 7 and the inclined section of the grate 5 and falls into place. Hot gases generated during the combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber 8 fill the internal volume of the boiler body 1, heat the water shirts 2 and 3, and then pass between the water pipes 4, bypassing all surfaces in which the water is heated. The temperature of the water rises, and due to its expansion, the water circulates in the water jackets 2 and 3, pipes 4, enters the upper common water tank 13, where the hot water is mixed to a stable temperature, and then through the upper pipe 14 it enters the consumer.

Claims (16)

1. A solid fuel boiler containing a housing with steel double walls forming a water jacket, at least one convective air-gas passage connected to a gas collection manifold, a filling hopper that closes to the combustion chamber with a grate, under which an ash hopper is located, cold supply and hot water discharge, characterized in that in the interior of the housing the double walls form an additional water jacket in the form of frontally located upper and lower protrusions, connected by at least one row of water pipes, the gaps between which form convective air-gas passages, the filling hopper is made inclined, bounded below by the grate and located adjacent to the combustion chamber, and the grate consists of horizontal and inclined sections, where the inclined section the grate is an integral part of one of the walls of the filling hopper. 2. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the wall of the filling hopper is equal to the angle of inclination of the inclined section of the grate. 3. The boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the wall of the hopper and the grate is from 60 to 80 °. 4. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the gap between the water heating pipes is at least their diameter. 5. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper and lower protrusions of the inner water jacket are connected by four rows of water heating pipes. 6. The boiler according to claim 5, characterized in that the water heating pipes are staggered. 7. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that in the lower part of the inner space of the casing the double walls form an additional water jacket in the form of horizontal protrusions. 8. The boiler according to claim 7, characterized in that the horizontal protrusions are connected by one row of pipes. 9. The boiler according to claim 8, characterized in that the pipes are installed with a pitch of at least 100 mm. 10. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the cold water supply is located in the lower part of the boiler body. 11. The boiler according to claims 7 and 10, characterized in that the cold water supply is located at the level of horizontal protrusions. 12. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that in the upper part of the casing water shirts and water heating pipes are combined by a common water tank. 13. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the hot water outlet is located in the upper part of the boiler body. 14. The boiler according to claims 12 and 13, characterized in that the hot water outlet is located above the common water reservoir. 15. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas collection manifold is located in the lower part of the housing. 16. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper part of the filling hopper protrudes from the vertical plane of the housing.