RU2833327C1 - Haemostatic device for fastening to clothes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a haemostatic device for fastening to clothes. Device includes a band for arrangement around an extremity, consisting of a fixed end on a self-tightening lock, a twist zone, a tension zone and a pull-out end, made with possibility of passage through self-tightening lock for primary tension of band around extremity. Twist zone and the pull-out end are located on the outer side of the clothes, and the tension zone is on the inner side of the clothes from the twist zone to the self-tightening lock. Device has a platform with guide holes for the band and a wrench ring fixed on the band in the twist zone, detachable wrench, for twisting the band through the wrench ring until the main vessels are clamped, stretching elastic guides with gaps for passage of band, made with possibility of installation on inner side of clothes. Device comprises a wrench retainer located in the twist zone, a self-tightening lock made with possibility of fixation to clothes, technical holes in clothes for entry and exit of the band from the outer surface of the clothes to the inner surface and vice versa.

EFFECT: wider range of haemostatic agents.

7 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine, to hemostatic devices (emergency bleeding arrest systems) designed for their fastening on/in clothing and/or on external protection of the extremities. Hereinafter referred to as "tourniquet", "device" or "invention".

The following solutions are known from the prior art.

There is a solution RU 177274 U1 (published 14.02.2018) a hemostatic tourniquet containing a tape, a housing for the tensioning mechanism and fixation of the tape.

The disadvantages of this solution are the long time it takes to apply the tourniquet, which leads to large blood losses. In addition, the solution is bulky in weight and volume.

The Russian Federation decision No. 172402 (published 06.07.2017) is known for a hemostatic tourniquet, which contains a non-stretchable tape, at one end of which a self-locking spring lock-loop is fixed, passed through a U-shaped support frame and a split tension drum fixed to it, driven into rotational motion to create tension on the tape by a movement lever, automatically fixed in the required position when the required tissue compression is achieved by the tourniquet tape using a ratchet mechanism for blocking the reverse rotation of the split tension drum.

Disadvantages of this analogue: long time to apply a tourniquet, complex, cumbersome lever-drum mechanism, the presence of removable pressure pads is justified in specialized emergency care, but not in field conditions.

From US Patent 20080221612 A1 (published 2008.09.11) a uniform is known, which is equipped with an emergency bleeding control system sewn into it, in the area of the arms and legs. Tourniquets pass through channels on the inside of the clothing, the tightening and fixing mechanism adjoins the inner layer of clothing through two valves.

Disadvantages: built-in and non-replaceable; takes a long time to twist until the effect is achieved; requires many precise movements; for a number of reasons described, not applicable to winter clothing; the hard twisting lever is constantly in the twisting zone, which is always uncomfortable; no protection against pinching on summer and light forms. Fixation with outer clothing along the entire length of the tourniquet forces you to squeeze this clothing during use, which significantly increases the force on the lever.

Another analogue is the device according to the Russian Federation patent No. 201691 U1 (publication: 2020.12.28). A hemostatic device, designed with the possibility of its attachment to special clothing, which contains a cord-tape folded in the form of two layers to form a space for the limb inside, the free ends of the cord-tape are fastened with an elastic band and form one layer, on the other layer two fastex clamps are installed, designed with the possibility of adjusting the size of the cord-tape in the direction of tension and locking in the opposite direction, and all elements are fixed on the fabric.

The disadvantage of the indicated analogue is the well-known fact about the impossibility or extreme difficulty of squeezing the main vessels, especially on the thigh, with a pulling movement of the hand on the cord-tape, however, this method is widely used for the purpose of squeezing superficial veins for venipuncture.

A solution known from the utility model of the Russian Federation 207732 U1 (published 2021.11.12) with the possibility of fastening in special clothing, consisting of a housing, a stopper with a steel spring, a tensioner gear, a pin, a housing cover, a support platform, a swivel, a sling tape, a tightening tape, etc., sewn to clothing.

The disadvantages of this solution are: it is bulky in weight and volume; it is not removable; the lever for tightening is small and will not provide force on the lower limbs even in summer uniform, and even more so for winter and demi-season uniforms.

Another analogue, USA 7604651 B1 (publication 2009.10.20), is a technical solution with a tourniquet sewn into the cover over the clothes, which is pulled by the handle at 90 degrees from the surface of the limb.

Disadvantages: not every person has enough strength to stop arterial bleeding even on the shoulder in this way, and even more so on the thigh, even while wearing summer clothes; not removable; effort is spent on compressing the entire form.

Analogue of WO 2023021308 A1 (published 2023.02.23). Technical solution of a harness integrated into clothing, located in the circumferential seams of a pocket, the compression effect is created by twisting the harness.

Disadvantages: it takes a long time to twist the tourniquet to achieve the effect; the clothes are compressed together with the strap, which is not critical for summer clothes, but for winter and special clothes it creates additional significant efforts.

The closest analogue is the USA 8465514 B1 (published 18.06.2013). Uniform, which is equipped with an emergency bleeding arrest system sewn into it, in the area of the arms and legs. Tourniquets pass through closed circumferential channels, fixed along the perimeter to the inner side of the clothing. The tightening and fastening mechanism is fixed to the inner layer of clothing, on its outer side, with access from the outside through a portal in the clothing. The tightening mechanism consists of two twisting knobs: the first flat one, fixed on the tourniquet tape for twisting, is located in the portal of the clothing, called the "tightening and fastening mechanism", the second removable, stored separately, called the "lever or rod". The tightening mechanism is fixed in the portal of the clothing. The tightening mechanism rotation is a multiple of 180 degrees.

Disadvantages of the closest analogue: the tourniquet is not removable; twisting is a long process of squeezing the main vessels if the tourniquet tape is not pressed to the body beforehand; twisting the tape is highly likely to pinch the skin and tissue under the twist, which is extremely painful; when twisting, all outerwear is crumpled, which significantly increases the force on the lever; fixation is a multiple of 180 degrees of rotation, which is fraught with additional unreasonable pain and tissue trauma.

The technical problem is the creation of a hemostatic device with the ability to be used on/in clothing made of any type of fabric, including multilayer, dense, for any season; with the ability to be used on armor-protected shoulders and hips; quickly removable/put on, with the ability to independently move from one piece of clothing to another; minimization of the time for effective application of a tourniquet; the ability to apply with one hand; maintainability in field conditions.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The device consists of the following functional parts: a tightening part and an auxiliary part.

The tightening part consists of a tightening mechanism, a removable collar, hereinafter referred to as the “collar”, and a tape or cord, hereinafter referred to as the “tape”.

The tightening mechanism consists of a self-tightening lock, hereinafter referred to as the “lock”, a platform with guide holes for the tape, hereinafter referred to as the “platform”, and a collar ring.

The auxiliary part consists of the collar clamps, hereinafter referred to as the “clamp”, the tape guides, hereinafter referred to as the “guides”; the protective valve, and the valves of the technical openings.

Drawings:

Fig. 1. Diagram of a limb section with a tourniquet installed.

Fig. 2. Removable hollow crank.

Fig. 3. The tightening part of the hemostatic device (without the handle).

Fig. 4. Variants of self-tightening locks.

Fig. 5. Examples of a built-in lock in the winter uniform in the shoulder and hip area.

Structural elements of the hemostatic device:

1. The tape (Fig. 1) is placed around the “Limb with one fixed end” on the crossbar (13) of the lock (7) and the second free (extended) (8), passing through the working area of the lock (7).

The tape (Fig. 3) consists of 3 functional parts/zones: the twist zone (10), the tension zone (9) and the pull-out end (8). In the twist zone (10), the platform (6) and the collar ring (3) are fixed on the tape. The twist zone and the pull-out end are located on the outer side of the garment. The tension zone is attached to the inner side of the outer garment.

Tape sizes: in the tape version, the width is from 8 mm to 30 mm, in the cord version, the diameter is from 5 mm to 13 mm. The tape is made of non-stretchable material such as capron, nylon and other modern and promising materials.

In the case of a tourniquet, the tape is fixed to the front crossbar of the lock (Fig. 4, 7), if the front part of the lock is considered to be its working area. In a number of ready-made designs of self-tightening locks (Fig. 4, 7B, 7G, 7D), it is possible to fix the tape only to the rear crossbar of the lock. If it is impossible to fix the tape to the lock, it is fixed to the outer fabric of the outerwear in the area of the lock (Fig. 4, 7A, 7B).

Along with the tape, it is possible to use a cord. The main difference will be in a different design of self-tightening locks, as an option, this is the use of locks such as eccentric clamps for rope, etc.

2. Collar (Fig. 2). The removable collar is used to twist the tape through the collar ring (Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, 3) and is stored separately on clothing when not in use, in an individual or other arrangement.

Fig. 2. Removable hollow handle. Position A. Diagram of the handle without a spiral relief thread on the outer side. Positions B and C. Removable hollow handle with a spiral relief thread on the outer side in assembled form and with unscrewed plugs.

The invention allows the use of two types of fasteners: loops and clips with fasteners. Each type of fastener uses its own type of handle: a handle with a spiral-shaped relief thread on the outside is used for loops, and a handle without a spiral-shaped relief thread on the outside is used for clip fasteners.

A handle with a spiral relief thread on the outside is used in cases where loops made of non-stretchable material are used as fasteners (Fig. 1, 5). The relief thread allows the handle to be screwed into the loop by moving the handle around its own axis, with support on the handle ring, to a depth that securely fixes the handle in the loop. The handle is unscrewed by the reverse movement.

A ratchet without relief thread on the outside is used in cases where various types of fasteners, clips, supports, clamps, etc. are used as fasteners.

The crank may consist of several parts (Fig. 2): have a hollow body with threads on the ends for stoppers and plugs. 17 - hollow body of the crank. 18 - stopper with internal thread. 19 - cavity in the stopper after screwing. In this case, a cavity of 8 to 15 mm deep (19) remains in the stopper after screwing, allowing the inserted object or package to protrude 8-15 mm from the crank capsule, which in turn ensures convenient extraction of the contents from either side of the crank after unscrewing the stopper. The cavity is intended for storing self- and mutual aid means (ampoule, syringe, hemostatic agent, etc.).

Alternatively, the handle can be solid without a cavity or lightweight with a through cavity.

The removable collar on the garment is stored separately from the tightening mechanism and the tape in the pack, in a place easily accessible by both hands. Removable collars may vary in length and diameter, which is determined by the volumetric characteristics of the medical device that is placed in it. Collars should not be shorter than 13 mm and thinner than 8 mm, which is due to the necessary effective lever force and reliable fixation in the hand. The collar should not be longer than 250 mm and thicker than 30 mm due to bulkiness.

There is an option of using a device with a non-removable collar, fixed to the tape in one or another known way, for example, through a slot in the collar.

3. The collar ring (Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, 3) is fixed in the center of the tape twist zone (Fig. 3, 10). It is preferably made of impact-resistant lightweight plastic, composite materials, metals and their alloys, other modern and promising materials, and can also be formed from the tape of the tourniquet.

The tourniquet is twisted through the collar ring with a collar until the main vessels are compressed.

4. The guides (Fig. 1, 4) are designed to be installed on the inside of the garment, with a tape running through the gap. The guides are fixed with their edges to the garment and are made of stretchable and elastic materials such as elastic, or, alternatively, underwear. A sleeve, tape, or loop can be used as a guide tape.

On summer, lightweight clothes made from easily wrinkled fabrics, the tape guides can be located on the outer surface of the garment.

5. The handle lock (Fig. 1, 5) is located in the area of the twist zone (Fig. 3, 10) in the amount of one or more. It is recommended to attach the locks at a distance of 4 to 9 cm from the point of fixation of the removable handle. The user can determine the number of necessary locks independently.

Explanation. Examples: if you fasten one clamp, then a turn of 180 degrees is required to fix the handle; if you fasten 2 clamps at 90 degrees to the base of the handle ring, then a turn of 90 degrees is enough to fix the handle; if you fasten 3 clamps at 60 degrees to the handle ring, then the handle can be fixed at each 60-degree turn of the handle, etc.

The fastener in the form of a loop with a width of 3 to 15 mm is made of non-stretch tape.

For fixators in the form of various clips, fasteners, supports, clamps, etc. with standard fixators, locks or without them, similar to those used for fastening the handles of turnstile bundles, plastic pipes, cables, as well as other products suitable for the function of fixing the handle, a handle without a spiral thread is used (Fig. 2, A). The clip, fasteners can be supplemented with VELCRO, which control closes the hole after placing the handle in the fastener, preventing its unauthorized loss. In a similar way, VELCRO insures the fixation of the handle in the Ket-type turnstile bundles.

6. A platform with guide holes (Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, 6) for the tape in the center of the twisting zone (10) with the collar ring (3) fixed in the formed loop. The platform has at least two slits for the tape, leading the tape to the collar ring and creating a mechanical obstacle between the twisting point and the underlying tissues. There must be a distance between the platform and the lock that ensures the selection of the tape, guaranteeing the compression of the main vessels. The platform can be attached to the surface of the clothing in different ways, for example, on VELCRO.

The platform is relevant for summer and demi-season clothing, as it prevents pinching of the skin and underlying tissues when twisting. On multi-layered, dense clothing made of materials with limited flexibility, for example, protecting against shrapnel and ricochets, winter clothing, on armor plates covering the shoulders and hips, where the risk of pinching the skin when twisting is minimal or absent, the platform may be absent.

7. Self-tightening lock (Fig. 1, Fig. 3, 7; Fig. 4, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7, 7G, 7D). The invention provides the possibility of using various ready-made types of self-tightening locks for tapes, some of which are shown in Fig. 4. For cords, various versions of self-tightening locks for rope, cable, for example, of the eccentric clamp type for cords, including, as an option, the basic, are used.

The options for ready-made locks differ in design, materials, and weight, which allows them to be used under different operating conditions.

Examples:

1. The aluminum cam-type lock weighs 25-40 grams (Fig. 4, 7B), and the plastic self-tightening lock (Fig. 4, 7B) weighs 3-4 grams, the difference in weight is critically important for summer clothing;

2. For products with a cam lock (Fig. 4, 7A, 7B, 7), the movement of the pull-out end of the tape should be towards the twist zone, and for products Fig. 4, 7B, 7G, 7D, in the opposite direction from the twist zone, etc. Features of the operation of various lock designs.

Here and below, the use of a specific cam-type lock is described, which differs structurally from the locks (Fig. 4, 7A, 7B) by the presence of a crossbar (Fig. 4, 7) for the tape in front, in front of the working area.

The advantage of this design of the lock is the ease of use: an open front crossbar for fixing the tape, a convenient rear crossbar for fixing the lock to clothing in one of many ways, for example, a loop with a button, a clip, a tie or VELCRO as in Fig. 5, A.

Fig. 5: A. Example of a tourniquet at the level of the upper third of the shoulder on military winter uniform. Visible is a self-tightening lock with a tension end of the tape coming out of it and fixation of the lock to the uniform with the help of VELCRO. B. A tourniquet at the level of the upper third of the thigh on military winter uniform. From left to right: a technical opening with a tape going to the inner side of the uniform, a platform with a collar ring, below the pull-out end of the tape and three loop-shaped locks for the collar are visible.

The lock and handle are preferably made of impact-resistant lightweight plastic, composite materials, metals and their alloys, and other modern and advanced materials that are suitable in terms of wear resistance and strength.

The self-tightening lock (Fig. 1, 7) is the only tightening part of the tourniquet, permanently fixed to the outer clothing (Fig. 1, 14) (with a loop with a button, VELCRO or other means). The tape (1) is fixed on the crossbar (13) of the lock (7). Accordingly, the entire tightening part of the tourniquet is fixed at 1 point on the clothing, which allows for the device to be quickly installed, removed or repaired.

Due to the location of the tightening mechanism on the outside of the multilayer clothing, and the tightening part inside, the invention allows to effectively stop blood circulation in the limbs protected, for example, by armor plates. Technical holes are formed in the fabric base of the protection or in the armor plate.

8. The pull-out end (Fig. 1, Fig. 3, 8) of the tape comes out of the working area of the self-tightening lock (7), is intended for the initial tension of the tape around the limb. It can be equipped with devices for ease of tension (loops, fixators for fingers, wrist, etc.).

9. The tape tension zone (Fig. 3, 9) starts from the twist zone (10) to the self-tightening lock (7), runs along the inside of the outer garment, where it is fixed in the gap of the guide loops, tape or sleeve made of elastic materials.

10. The tape twist zone (Fig. 3, 10) is attached to the lock (7) in one way or another, and if it is impossible to attach to a self-tightening lock, it is fixed to the outer fabric of the outerwear. Reinforced with a cord and/or tape. On the other hand, the tape twist zone passes into the tension zone (9). It can partially extend onto the inner surface of the outerwear.

11. Technical openings (Fig. 1, 11) in clothing serve for the entry and exit of tape from the outer surface of clothing to the inner surface and back; they can be covered with technical flaps on the outer and inner sides.

12. The protective valve (Fig. 5, 12) covers the tourniquet tightening mechanism, located on the surface of the clothing, from adverse environmental influences (dust, possible snags, etc.). It is fixed to the clothing in one of the generally accepted ways in removable and non-removable versions.

13. Self-tightening lock crossbar for fixing the tape.

14. Self-tightening crossbar for fixing to VELCRO clothing.

15. Section of the limb.

16. Outerwear/workwear.

20. Technical valve. Designed to prevent moisture and precipitation from entering through openings and heat loss in winter.

Preparing the product for work:

The tourniquet is built into clothing in the area of the upper third of the shoulder and thigh, with the twist zone located on the front-outer side in a place convenient for use. The text describes the preparation for operation of the version using a self-tightening lock (Fig. 4, 7). For other ready-made types of self-tightening locks (Fig. 4), due to their design features, the procedure for preparation for use and use may differ slightly, while maintaining the general principles.

The end of the tape of the twist zone (Fig. 3, 10) is attached at the front to the crossbar (13) of the self-tightening lock (7). The lock is fixed to the clothing in one of many ways, for example VELCRO, a strap, etc. A platform with guide holes (6) for the tape is inserted onto the tape, and a collar ring (3) is located in the resulting loop. Then the tape, through a technical hole (11) in the clothing, is inserted onto the inner surface of the clothing, where it is movably fixed by guides (4) on the inner side of the clothing around the limb. It comes out to the outer side of the form in the projection of the self-tightening lock (7) through a technical hole (11). Then it passes through the working area of the self-tightening lock. The tape after the lock is called the pull-out end and serves for the primary tension of the tourniquet.

Next, the length of the tension zone is adjusted so that the tape is not loose or does not stretch the guides, but is pressed by them to the inner surface of the outer clothing. The tourniquet is ready for use.

To remove the tightening part of the tourniquet from clothing, simply unfasten the lock from the clothing, press the lock tongue and select the pull-out end from the working area in the opposite direction (towards the technical opening in the clothing under the lock). Pull the tape out of the guide loops, holding the self-tightening lock. The procedure takes no more than a minute.

The principle of operation of the system is based on a sequence of actions.

Briefly: A. The end of the harness is pulled out with a jerk. B. The tape is tightened with a crank. C. The crank is fixed.

Read more:

A. With one hand, the pull-out end (Fig. 3, 8) of the tape, protruding from the working part of the lock (Fig. 1, 7), is pulled out with a sharp and strong movement, which allows the tape to tightly press the fabrics of the clothing located under the upper form along the entire perimeter of the limb. The outer clothing itself is not wrinkled, since the reduction of the tension zone (Fig. 3, 9) occurs due to the stretching of the elastic guides (Fig. 1, 4).

The self-tightening lock (7) prevents the tape (1) from returning to its original position.

B. Using the same hand, remove the removable crank (Fig. 2) from the kit and insert it into the crank ring (3). Tighten the ring clockwise or counterclockwise until the main vessels are compressed.

B. With the same hand, either end of the handle (2) is inserted into the closest clamp (Fig. 1, 5) and, depending on the type of clamp and handle, is secured in 2 ways:

- a handle with a spiral-shaped relief thread on the outer side (Fig. 2, B) is inserted with circular movements along its axis into the retainer formed by the loop to a depth sufficient to ensure that the handle is fixed in the loop (Fig. 1, 5);

- a handle without relief thread on the outside is inserted and pressed into the nearest clip/fastener. If there is a standard lock, it is secured with it and the VELCRO is controllably fixed, closing the outlet opening, preventing the handle from falling out unauthorized.

D. To loosen/remove the tourniquet, the actions are performed in the opposite direction and sequence. The models of the lock type (Fig. 4, 7A, 7B, 7) have a tongue, when pressed, the working area of the lock is unlocked to remove the tape and remove the residual compression of the tourniquet.

Applying a tourniquet with one hand to the shoulder or thigh during self-help does not require any additional movements of other parts of the body, which is important in a confined space (car, armored vehicle).

To install the harness yourself, you only need instructions with recommendations for optimal placement on clothing, a harness kit, cutting tools, and a needle and thread. You can assemble the harness yourself by purchasing all the components in hardware and/or fabric stores. Moving from one garment to another is simple and intuitive.

The technical result of the invention is the expansion of the arsenal of hemostatic agents, which is manifested in:

- can be used on/in clothing made of any type of fabric, including multilayer, dense, anti-fragmentation with limited wrinkling; can be used for winter uniforms; can be used to protect shoulders and hips with armor plates;

- the ability to independently install, move from one special clothing to another; the ability to apply with one hand in a limited space; maintainability in field conditions;

The claimed technical result is achieved by using a hemostatic device designed with the possibility of placing the tightening mechanism on the outer side of multilayer clothing, and the tension on the inner side; by fastening the tightening part of the lock at one point; by stretching elastic guides; by dividing the procedure of tightening the tape into 2 stages; by using a self-tightening lock; by using a removable collar, clamps, collar ring.

Industrial applicability

The present invention offers a simple technical solution that can be effectively used in providing self- and mutual aid to the wounded and injured with damage to the main vessels of the extremities and to victims with avulsions or destruction of the extremities. Self-help can be provided with one hand without the disadvantages inherent in other analogues. The device is quickly installed and removed. It is applicable for the military, law enforcement agencies, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, traumatic types of tourism, sports, professions and other extreme situations. The device is applicable to winter thick, multi-layer uniforms, special clothing with limited flexibility of materials, including fabric that protects against fragments and ricochets.

The versatility and variability of the device allows it to be used in a wide variety of operating conditions and types of workwear.

Claims (7)

1. A hemostatic device for fastening to clothing, comprising a tape for placement around a limb, consisting of a fixed end on a self-tightening lock, a twist zone, a tension zone and a pull-out end designed with the possibility of passing through the self-tightening lock for primary tension of the tape around the limb; wherein the twisting zone and the pull-out end are located on the outer side of the garment, and the tension zone is on the inner side of the garment from the twisting zone to the self-tightening lock, a platform with guide holes for the tape and a collar ring fixed on the tape in the twisting zone, a removable collar for twisting the tape through the collar ring until the main vessels are pinched, stretchable elastic guides with gaps for the passage of the tape, made with the possibility of installation on the inner side of the garment, a collar retainer located in the twisting zone, a self-tightening lock made with the possibility of fixing to the garment, technical openings in the garment for the entry and exit of the tape from the outer surface of the garment to the inner surface and back. 2. A hemostatic device according to item 1, in which the removable collar is designed with the possibility of being stored in a folded position on clothing. 3. A hemostatic device according to item 1, in which the removable handle is made with a spiral-shaped relief thread on the outer side, while the handle body is made hollow with threads on the ends for plugs made with the possibility of screwing in such a way that after screwing, a cavity with a depth of 8 to 15 mm remains in the plugs. 4. The hemostatic device of claim 1, wherein the collar retainer comprises a VELCRO for closing after the collar is placed in the collar retainer. 5. A hemostatic device according to claim 1, in which the self-tightening lock has a crossbar for fixing the tape. 6. A hemostatic device according to claim 1, wherein the tape in the twisting area is reinforced with a cord and/or tape. 7. A hemostatic device according to claim 1, in which the self-tightening lock, the platform with guide holes for the tape and the collar ring are designed with the possibility of being covered by a protective valve from above, and the technical openings are designed with the possibility of being covered by technical valves from the outer and inner sides.