RU236906U1 - Device for temporary stopping of external arteriovenous bleeding in the order of self-help - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine, namely to medical equipment, and is intended for temporary stopping of external arteriovenous bleeding in the self-help manner. The device consists of a stitched multilayer napkin with tunnels through which elastic tourniquets are passed. Each tourniquet of the device is made of fabric elastic and is a closed strip, from the working end of which, with an indent from the edge, a tunnel is made for passing the tourniquet. The use of the device provides dosed compression of vessels and tissues in the wound area when stopping external arteriovenous bleeding.

Description

The utility model relates to medicine, namely to medical equipment, to means for providing first aid and is intended for temporary stopping of external arteriovenous bleeding as a self-help measure.

Currently, the first step in stopping external bleeding is to apply firm pressure with a gauze swab and then apply a tight pressure bandage to the bleeding site in the wound. In case of arterial bleeding, an additional measure is to apply an arterial tourniquet above the bleeding site (First Aid. A tutorial for persons required and/or entitled to provide first aid. Moscow: Federal State Budgetary Institution "TsNIIOIZ" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2018, 68 p. L.I. Dezhurny, Yu.S. Shoigu, S.A. Gumenyuk, G.V. Neudakhin, A.Yu. Zakurdaeva, A. Kolodkin, O.L. Kurov, L.Yu. Kichanova, A.Yu. Zakurdaeva, A.A. Emke); (Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated 04.05.2012 No. 477n “On approval of the list of conditions for which first aid is provided, and the list of measures to provide first aid”).

The disadvantages of known devices include the following:

if one of the arms is injured, applying a tight pressure bandage when providing self-help is practically impossible or will require a significant amount of time - up to several minutes, which increases the risk of developing an unfavorable outcome;

the application of an arterial tourniquet when providing self-help also requires the use of two hands to ensure a good compression effect, and if one of the hands is injured, the task of applying an arterial tourniquet is significantly complicated and requires a significant amount of time, which increases the risk of developing an unfavorable outcome;

Unregulated excessive compression when applying an arterial tourniquet can lead to damage to the skin, compression of nerve trunks, severe limb ischemia and subsequent amputation.

The use of a venous tourniquet to stop bleeding is also not justified, since in the case of venous bleeding, applying a tourniquet above the site of bleeding will not stop it, and in the case of excessive tension it will lead to the cessation of arterial blood flow and ischemia of the limb, which is excessive and not required to stop venous bleeding.

A device is known for stopping bleeding in case of damage to the vessels of the extremities, which contains a hemostatic tourniquet in the form of a tape or cord placed in a tunnel, which is formed by the fabric of the clothes and sewn to it around the circumference at the level of the upper third of the sleeve and trouser leg with strips of fabric, and the ends of the tourniquet are connected to the ends of a twist made of a hard material, for example, plastic or wood (patent for utility model RU 43447). A disadvantage of the utility model is the need for special clothing, in which the device is placed, the device is limited to the places of application and can only be used for arterial bleeding.

Also known is a device for stopping arterial bleeding - the third-generation tourniquet TAKTIK-X, which is not indicated for stopping venous bleeding and does not provide for the application of a pressure bandage to the wound.

To apply an arterial tourniquet, use an Esmarch rubber tourniquet.

The disadvantages of the well-known tourniquet for stopping bleeding include: frequent ineffective tight pressing, excessive and traumatic compression of skin tissue, muscles, nerves, and vessels with a rubber tourniquet, and the need to use two hands to apply the tourniquet. If one of the hands is damaged, independent application of the tourniquet becomes extremely difficult, time-consuming, and often impossible.

The prototype is a device for temporary stopping of external arteriovenous bleeding in the self-help procedure, characterized in that it includes a stitched napkin made of spandex layers with a designation applied to the outer side to determine the top of the napkin when placing the device on the limb, two tunnels for tourniquets are made in the napkin; the first tunnel is made in the upper part of the napkin between the lower and subsequent layers of the napkin, the second tunnel is made at a distance of at least 2 cm below the first tunnel between the upper and underlying layers of the napkin, rubberized elastic tourniquets with a fabric base 3 cm wide and at least 80 cm long each are passed into the tunnels for tourniquets, fasteners with a limiting ratchet mechanism are secured at the ends of both tourniquets; the tourniquet located in the second tunnel is made with the possibility of maximum possible pressing of the napkin, and the tourniquet located in the first tunnel is made with the possibility of stopping bleeding; the fastener with a limiting ratchet mechanism of the harness located in the first tunnel is designed with the possibility of loosening the tension of the harness located in the first tunnel by opening the fastener with a limiting ratchet mechanism (Patent of the Russian Federation for Utility Model No. 229430 dated 04.10.2024).

The disadvantage of this device is the presence of a fastener, which, when used, creates painful pressure on the skin when the device is on the limb for a long time in the working position, as well as in the case of positioning the limb in contact with other objects.

The objective is to develop a device that provides dosed compression of vessels and tissues in the wound area for quick and safe temporary stopping of external arteriovenous bleeding, in the order of self-help, performing the functions of both a pressure bandage and an arterial tourniquet, without the use of a plastic or metal fastener.

The technical result is a simplification of the device aimed at eliminating the shortcomings of the prototype, with the aim of expanding the arsenal of technical means.

The technical result is achieved by a device for temporary stopping of external arteriovenous bleeding in the order of self-help, including a stitched multilayer napkin with two tunnels and elastic tourniquets passed through them, each tourniquet of the device is made of fabric elastic and is a closed strip, from the working end of which, with an indent from the edge, a tunnel is made for passing the tourniquet.

The utility model is illustrated by graphic materials, where:

Fig. 1 - external appearance of the device.

The device (Fig. 1) is a stitched multilayer napkin with upper and lower tunnels. Elastic bands made of fabric rubber are passed through the tunnels. Each elastic band is made in the form of a closed strip (during production, the band is folded and the free ends are stitched together). The working end of the elastic band is considered to be the end opposite to the end with stitched edges of the band when making a closed strip. A tunnel for passing the elastic band is made from the working end of each elastic band with an indent from the edge. Each elastic band is passed through a tunnel made at its working end.

The device is used as follows.

The device is placed on the injured limb, positioning the napkin in the center of the wound. The elastic tourniquet located in the lower tunnel is pulled by the end with stitched edges until the napkin is pressed as much as possible and until the elastic tourniquet completely stops moving. Then the elastic tourniquet located in the upper tunnel is pulled by the end with stitched edges until the bleeding stops. No later than an hour after applying the device, the tension of the upper tourniquet is loosened by increasing the width of the tunnel on the tourniquet, which is achieved by grasping the indentation at the working end with your fingers and stretching. If bleeding resumes, the elastic tourniquet is tightened again.

The device allows to protect the wound from contamination, stop bleeding, eliminate excessive compression and damage to subcutaneous structures and the skin itself. The use of a lightweight and soft device allows to perform manipulations with one hand in a short period of time, eliminate the occurrence of injury to the skin and underlying tissues in the case of prolonged local contact of the limb with a metal or plastic tourniquet retainer.

Example

A healthy volunteer, a 36-year-old male, right-handed. Wearing a short-sleeved shirt. The task was to apply the proposed device to a suspected 3×4 cm wound on the right shoulder (the suspected wound outline was applied to the skin with a marker) and to tighten the tourniquet until the pulsation in the radial artery stopped. To monitor the operation of the device, the pulse in the right radial artery was palpated and timed. With his left hand, the volunteer removed the device from the polyethylene packaging. The man placed the device on the injured right limb with his left hand, positioning the multilayer napkin in the center of the suspected wound. In one motion, he pulled the elastic tourniquet located in the lower tunnel by the free end in the direction "towards himself" until the napkin was pressed as much as possible and until the tourniquet stopped moving completely. The device was pressed tightly to the skin of the arm, providing compression. It took 8 seconds to apply the device to the wound. The peripheral pulse saturation value was 93%. The volunteer checked the pulsation in the right radial artery - the pulse is weak. He tightened the elastic tourniquet located in the upper tunnel with his left hand until the pulse in the right radial artery completely disappeared. The device was securely fixed to the limb. After 10 minutes, the pulse saturation value was 60%. The volunteer noted the appearance of paresthesia - "goose bumps" and a feeling of tingling and numbness in the right palm and forearm. The skin in the specified area was pale. After 10 minutes, he loosened the tension of the elastic tourniquet located in the upper tunnel with his left hand, stretching the tourniquet loop by grasping the indentation with his fingers on the side of the working end. Pulsation in the radial artery was restored. The peripheral pulse oximetric saturation value was 99%. Within 6 minutes, the skin became pink and warm, sensitivity in the right palm and forearm was restored. He removed the device from his right shoulder with his left hand. No traces of damage or compression of the skin were found at the site of application of the device.

Claims (1)

A device for temporary stopping of external arteriovenous bleeding in the course of self-help, comprising a stitched multilayer napkin with upper and lower tunnels and elastic bands made of fabric rubber, passed through the upper and lower tunnels, characterized in that each elastic band is made in the form of a closed strip and has a working end and an end with stitched edges; at the same time, tunnels are made at the working ends of the elastic bands with an indentation from the edge of the working ends of the elastic bands, and the elastic bands are passed through the tunnels at the working ends of the elastic bands; the elastic tourniquet located in the lower tunnel is designed with the possibility of pressing the multilayer napkin when pulled by the end with stitched edges, and the elastic tourniquet located in the upper tunnel is designed with the possibility of stopping bleeding when pulling the end with stitched edges until the bleeding stops, wherein the tunnels at the working end of the elastic tourniquet are designed with the possibility of increasing the width and weakening the tension when stretching by the indentation on the edge of the working end of the elastic tourniquet.