RU2832166C1 - Grain dryer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to grain drying devices. Grain drying device comprises casing 1, the surface of which is covered with a layer of heat-insulating material 2, loading neck 3, unloading window 4, heating elements 5, fan 6, air ducts 7, as well as installed inside the casing transporting working element 8 installed on elastic elements 9 with possibility of oscillation. Transporting working element 8 is made multi-section and represents perforated plates rigidly connected and installed in parallel one above the other, note here that said sections are arranged in pairs above each other so that they feature equal angle of inclination directed upwards and downwards to vertical. Heating elements 5 are installed on the lower side of the perforated plates, the distance between the perforated plates is not more than 2 times greater than the maximum grain size. Sections of casing 1 are parallel to sections of transporting working element 8, fan 6 is installed in central part of casing 1, and air ducts 7 are located between paired sections of transporting working element 8 and are directed to inner walls of casing 1, which are made perforated.

EFFECT: device provides higher quality of grain drying.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for drying grain.

A device for drying grain is known [Device for drying grain. - Patent RU 181 621. - Published 19.07.2018, Bulletin No. 20], which includes a casing, the surface of which is covered with a layer of heat-insulating material, a loading hopper, an unloading window, heating elements, a fan, an air duct, and a transport working element installed inside the casing. The transport working element is made in the form of a tray made of a heat-conducting material, which is mounted on elastic elements with the possibility of imparting vibrations to it. In the lower part of the casing, on the side opposite the loading hopper, a cooling column with perforated plates inside it is installed. The unloading window is installed in the lower part of the cooling column. The air duct is installed below the cooling column. The lower part of the wall of the unloading window, located in the cooling column, and the upper part of the casing above the cooling column are made perforated.

The known device has some disadvantages - low drying quality, which consists of uneven heat supply to the processed product.

The technical result achieved by using the invention is an improvement in the quality of grain drying.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the transporting working element is made multi-sectional with rigidly connected and installed parallel to each other perforated plates made of heat-conducting material. The sections are installed in pairs one above the other in such a way that they have the same, but directed respectively upward and downward, angle of inclination to the vertical. Heating elements are installed on the lower side of the perforated plates. The distance between the perforated plates is made no more than 2 times greater than the maximum grain size. The casing sections are parallel to the sections of the transporting working element. The fan is installed in the central part of the casing. Air ducts are located between the paired sections of the transporting working element and are directed to the inner walls of the casing, which are made perforated.

Fig. 1 shows a general view of the device, and Fig. 2 shows the same, section along A-A.

The grain drying device includes a casing 1, the surface of which is covered with a layer of heat-insulating material 2, a loading neck 3, an unloading window 4, heating elements 5, a fan 6, air ducts 7, and a transport working element 8 installed inside the casing, mounted on elastic elements 9 with the possibility of imparting vibrations to it using a vibrator 10. The transport working element 8 is made multi-sectional and is perforated plates made of heat-conducting material rigidly connected and installed parallel to each other. The sections are installed in pairs one above the other in such a way that they have the same, but directed upward and downward, respectively, angle of inclination to the vertical. The heating elements 5 are installed on the lower side of the perforated plates. The distance between the perforated plates is no more than 2 times greater than the maximum grain size. The sections of the casing 1 are parallel to the sections of the transporting working element 8. The fan 6 is installed in the central part of the casing 1. The air ducts 7 are located between the paired sections of the transporting working element 8 and are directed to the inner walls of the casing 1, which are made perforated.

The device operates as follows. Heating elements 5 are switched on. After the required temperature of the upper surfaces of the perforated plates of the transport working element 8 is reached, vibrator 10 and fan 6 are switched on. The transport working element 8, mounted on elastic elements 9, begins to vibrate. Wet grain is fed into loading neck 3, from where it enters the upper sections of the transport working element 8 and, due to its vibrations, as well as due to the installation of sections with the same (for odd sections, respectively directed upwards) angle of inclination to the vertical, moves in the direction of air ducts 7, simultaneously heating up and losing excess moisture. Due to the distance between the perforated plates being no more than 2 times greater than the maximum grain size, the grain moves between the perforated plates in a maximum of two layers, which ensures its uniform heating. The installation of heating elements on the lower side of the perforated plates, as well as the production of perforated plates from a heat-conducting material, allows for the rapid heating of the transport working element 8, which reduces the inertia of the grain heating process by maintaining a more uniform temperature of the perforated plates. The presence of perforations in the plates makes it possible for part of the air flow created by the fan 6 to pass through it, which removes moisture released from the grain in the form of steam through the loading neck 3. Then the heated grain falls from the upper sections of the transport working element 8 to the lower ones. During its fall, the grain loses some of its moisture, cooling down with the air flow created by the fan 6 and directed through the air ducts 7 through the layer of falling grain to the side perforated walls of the casing 1, through which the humidified air is removed to the outside. The installation of the fan 7 in the central part of the casing 1 allows for the air flow to be evenly distributed through the air ducts 1 to the grain, thereby improving the drying quality. The cooled and partially dried grain enters the heated surfaces of the perforated plates of the lower sections of the transport working element 8, where it is reheated during movement along the perforated plates of the sections installed with the same (for even sections, respectively, directed downwards) angle of inclination to the vertical, in the direction of the unloading window 4. In this case, the grain is dried to the required moisture content and, at the end of the last drying cycle, is removed from the device through the unloading window 4. The moisture released from the grain in the lower sections in the form of steam by part of the air flow created by the fan 6 is removed to the outside through the perforation of the plates and then through the unloading window 4.

When using grain of another crop, the heating temperature of the plates of the transport working element 8 is changed using heating elements 5, the frequency and (or) amplitude of vibrations transmitted by the vibrator 10 to the transport working element 8 is changed, as well as the speed of the air flow supplied by the fan 6 through the air duct 7.

Thus, the implementation of the transport working element as a multi-section with rigidly connected and installed parallel to each other perforated plates made of heat-conducting material, the installation of sections in pairs one above the other with the same, but directed respectively upward and downward, angle of inclination to the vertical, the installation of heating elements on the lower side of the perforated plates, the implementation of the distance between the perforated plates no more than 2 times exceeding the maximum grain size, the arrangement of the casing section parallel to the sections of the transport working element, the installation of a fan in the central part of the casing, the arrangement of air ducts between paired sections of the transport working element and their direction to the inner walls of the casing, as well as the implementation of the casing walls as perforated improves the quality of grain drying.

Claims (1)

A device for drying grain, comprising a casing, the surface of which is covered with a layer of heat-insulating material, a loading neck, an unloading window, heating elements, a fan, air ducts, as well as a transporting working element installed inside the casing, mounted on elastic elements with the possibility of imparting vibrations to it, characterized in that the transporting working element is made multi-sectional and is made of perforated plates rigidly connected and installed parallel to one another made of heat-conducting material, wherein the sections are installed in pairs one above the other in such a way that they have the same angle of inclination to the vertical, but directed upward and downward, respectively, the heating elements are installed on the lower side of the perforated plates, the distance between the perforated plates is no more than 2 times greater than the maximum grain size, the casing sections are parallel to the sections of the transporting working element, the fan is installed in the central part of the casing, and the air ducts are located between the paired sections of the transporting working element and are directed to the inner walls of the casing, which are made perforated.