RU2824095C1 - Excavator bucket - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to working elements of earth-moving equipment, namely to single-bucket excavators, and can be used for cleaning of their buckets from stuck soil mass. Excavator bucket is hinged to the end of the handle with rod and levers of its turn and consists of side walls, rigid bottom, cutting edge and teeth. Internal part of the bucket contains a flexible bottom made with a lower surface parallel to and adjacent to the internal surface of the rigid bottom, in the form of a set of elongated plates of T-shaped section. Plates are transversely located between side walls and rigidly fixed on two cables, which are installed in the slots of these plates and are rigidly fixed by means of brackets so that one ends of the cables are fixed to the lower elongated rotary plate located transversely between the side walls near the cutting edge in the lower inner part of the bucket and made with the function of turning to it by means of hinged joints, and the others are passed through the rotary blocks, which are fixed on the bucket beam, and the fixed blocks located at the end of the bucket handle are also fixed on the bucket turn levers. On the bucket turn levers there are cable tensioners installed – belt balancers with zero gravity. Besides, damping plates made of conveyor belt are installed between rigid bottom and flexible bottom. Rigid bottom has through drain holes.

EFFECT: expanded operating performances, higher reliability and longer life of the device, as well as expanding the range of developed soils.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to working bodies of earthmoving equipment, namely to single-bucket excavators, and can be used to clean their bucket from adhering soil mass.

The existing level of technology includes a universal bucket of a single-bucket hydraulic excavator with a plate rear wall (Patent RU 216326 U1, 08.12.2022, E02F 3/28, E02F 3/40), designed with the ability to operate as a forward and reverse shovel, with axles located in the upper and lower parts of the bucket between the side walls, on which a movable rear wall is fixed, which is made in the form of a set of plates connected to each other by axles in such a way as to form a flexible web.

Also known from the prior art is an excavator bucket (Patent RU 2030512 C1, 10.03.1995, E02F 3/40), including side walls, a knife system with teeth and a flexible bottom made in the form of a set of plates, and, in order to increase the reliability of the flexible bottom, the flexible bottom has cables to which plates made in a T-shape are attached, while the cables are hingedly connected with one end to the knife system of the bucket, and with the other - hingedly to the upper part of the bucket.

The closest technical solution is an excavator bucket (Patent RU 2030511 C1, 10.03.1995, E02F 3/40), which includes side walls, a bottom and a knife system with a cutting edge, a bucket rotation drive, and, in order to improve bucket unloading, the bucket is equipped with cables on which T-shaped plates are put on, with one end of the cables pivotally connected to the cutting edge, and the other ends, guided by means of double rotary blocks, are attached to the bucket drive levers.

The main disadvantages of the above-described devices are the lack of protection of the structures of the movable rear walls from the resulting impact loads and vibrations during unloading of the bucket, as a result of which the reliability and durability of the devices is reduced, as well as the absence of a rigid bottom, as a result of which it is impossible to use these devices on loose soils.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the expansion of operational capabilities, consisting in the effective implementation of increasing the reliability and durability of the device, as well as expanding the range of developed soils.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the excavator bucket, pivotally fixed at the end of the handle with a rod and levers for its rotation, consists of side walls, a rigid bottom, a cutting edge and teeth.

Moreover, the inner part of the device contains a flexible bottom, made with a lower surface parallel to and adjacent to the inner surface of the rigid bottom, in the form of a set of oblong plates of a T-shaped cross-section, which are transversely located between the side walls and rigidly fixed on two cables, which are installed in the grooves of these plates and rigidly fixed by means of brackets, so that one ends of the cables are fixed to the lower oblong rotary plate, located transversely between the side walls near the cutting edge in the lower inner part of the bucket and made with the function of turning to it by means of hinged joints, and the others are passed through rotary blocks, which are fixed on the bucket beam, and fixed blocks, located on the end of the bucket handle, and also fixed on the device rotation levers.

The bucket rotation levers are equipped with cable tensioners - zero gravity belt balancers.

In addition, damping plates made of conveyor belt are installed between the rigid bottom and the flexible bottom.

The rigid bottom is made with through drainage holes.

The essence of the invention is explained by drawings, which show a particular case of the design of the claimed excavator bucket: Figure 1 shows an axonometric projection of the general view of the excavator bucket; Figure 2 shows an axonometric projection of the general view of the flexible bottom; Figure 3 shows a local section A in Fig. 1, where:

1 - excavator bucket handle;

2 - excavator bucket rotation rod;

3 - excavator bucket rotation levers;

4 - side walls of the bucket;

5 - rigid bottom of the excavator bucket;

6 - cutting edge of the excavator bucket;

7 - excavator bucket teeth;

8 - flexible bottom of the excavator bucket;

9 - oblong plates of the flexible bottom of the excavator bucket;

10 - cables;

11 - lower oblong rotary plate;

12 - hinge joints of the lower elongated rotary plate;

13 - rotary blocks;

14 - fixed blocks;

15 - cable tensioning devices;

16 - bracket;

17 - damping plates

18 - bucket beam.

A particular case of the implementation of an excavator bucket can be made as follows: the excavator bucket, pivotally fixed at the end of the handle 1 with a rod 2 and levers 3 for its rotation, consists of side walls 4, a rigid bottom 5, a cutting edge 6 and teeth 7.

Moreover, the inner part of the device contains a flexible bottom 8, made with a lower surface parallel to and adjacent to the inner surface of the rigid bottom 5, in the form of a set of oblong plates 9 of a T-shaped cross-section, which are transversely located between the side walls 4 and rigidly fixed on two cables 10, which are installed in the grooves of these plates 9 and rigidly fixed by means of brackets 16, so that one end of the cables 10 is fixed to the lower oblong rotary plate 11, located transversely between the side walls 4 near the cutting edge 6 in the lower inner part of the bucket and made with the function of turning to it by means of hinged joints 12, and the others are passed through rotary blocks 13, which are fixed on the bucket beam 18, located transversely between the side walls 4 in the inner part of the bucket, and fixed blocks 14, located at the end of the bucket handle 1, and also fixed on the levers 3 rotation of the device.

Tensioning devices 15 cables 10 - belt balancers with zero gravity are installed on the 3 bucket rotation levers.

In addition, between the rigid bottom 5 and the flexible bottom 8, damping plates 17 made of conveyor belt are installed.

Moreover, each of the elongated plates 9 of the flexible bottom 8 is made in a T-shaped cross-section.

In this case, the rigid bottom 5 is made with through drainage holes.

The proposed device operates as follows: the soil is collected by deepening the cutting edge 6 and teeth 7 due to the rotation of the bucket caused by the rotation of the lever 3 and the rod 2 relative to the handle 1. In this case, at the initial moment of digging, the flexible bottom 8 is outside the bucket, since it leaves it under the action of gravity. In this position, the bucket penetrates the soil, and the soil does not move along the entire depth of the bucket, which leads to a decrease in the energy intensity of digging. As the bucket rotates, the flexible bottom 8, under the action of its own weight and the weight of the soil, takes a position repeating the contour of the rigid bottom 5 and fits tightly to the damping plates 17, which serve to dampen vibrations caused by the collision of the flexible 8 and rigid 5 bottoms. In parallel with this, the soil continues to fill the bucket with less energy intensity, since it fills only the upper part of the bucket.

During unloading, the bucket rotates, which is achieved by rotating the lever 3 and the rod 2. As a result of rotating the lever 3, the cables 10 are tensioned, which leads to squeezing out the flexible bottom 8 and rotating the lower elongated rotary plate 11, fixed on the hinged joints 12, which in turn leads to forced unloading of the bucket. At the moment of unloading, the tensioning device 15 tightens the cables 10 to compensate for the resulting impact loads. The tension of the cables 10 is limited by the rotary 13 and fixed blocks 14. In addition, the flexible bottom 8 cleans the side walls 4 of the bucket from the soil stuck to them. The flexible bottom 8, due to the fact that it is made of longitudinal plates 9 having gaps between them, fixed on the cables 10 with the help of brackets 16, has a flexible design that cleans itself. In case soil gets into the space between the flexible 8 and rigid 5 bottoms, drainage holes are provided in the rigid 5 bottom.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the design of the device due to the presence of a rigid bottom allows for the development of various types of soils, and also increases the reliability of the structure, protecting the flexible bottom from mechanical damage that occurs during the development of soils with solid inclusions. And the presence of a tensioning device and damping plates increases the reliability and durability of the structure: the tensioning device - by compensating for the resulting impact loads; damping plates - by damping vibrations caused by the collision of the flexible and rigid bottoms.

No technical solutions have been identified that match the set of essential features of the claimed invention, which allows us to conclude that the claimed invention complies with the patentability requirement of “novelty”.

The claimed essential features that predetermine the achievement of the specified technical result do not clearly follow from the state of the art, which allows us to conclude that the claimed invention complies with such a patentability condition as “inventive step”.

Claims (1)

An excavator bucket, pivotally secured to the end of a handle with a traction rod and its rotation levers, consisting of side walls, a rigid bottom, a cutting edge and teeth, characterized in that the inner part of the bucket contains a flexible bottom made with a lower surface parallel to and adjacent to the inner surface of the rigid bottom, in the form of a set of oblong plates of a T-shaped cross-section, which are transversely located between the side walls and rigidly secured to two cables, which are installed in the grooves of these plates and rigidly fixed by means of brackets, so that one ends of the cables are secured to the lower oblong rotary plate, located transversely between the side walls near the cutting edge in the lower inner part of the bucket and made with the function of turning to it by means of hinged connections, and the others are passed through rotary blocks, which are secured to the bucket beam, and fixed blocks, located at the end of the bucket handle, and also secured to the bucket rotation levers, to the levers The bucket rotation is equipped with cable tensioning devices - belt balancers with zero gravity, in addition, between the rigid bottom and the flexible bottom, damping plates made of conveyor belt are installed, while the rigid bottom is made with through drainage holes.