RU2822740C1 - Dividing head with seed meter for pneumatic sowing unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: pneumatic sowing units used for dosed supply of seeds to openers in a precision farming system. The dividing head of the pneumatic sowing unit contains a vertical mixing seed tube for supplying seeds through it with an air flow, with a housing attached to it on one side from above, and distribution pipes. On the other side of the body a hopper is attached with a sectional dispenser installed in its lower part, driven by a stepper motor controlled by an on-board computer. Each section of the dispenser is connected to its own distribution pipe. In addition, an air duct is installed on the dividing head hopper, the upper part of which is located in the hopper, and the lower part ends with distribution pipes. The distribution pipes are combined into one block and are made in the form of injectors, the outputs of which are alternately directed to the coulters of the first and second rows.

EFFECT: use of the invention will ensure uniform supply of seeds by the pneumatic system of sowing units under the openers and eliminate seed loss when lifting the coulters.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, namely to pneumatic sowing units and can be used for dosed supply of seeds to openers in a precision farming system.

A dividing head of a pneumatic seeder is known, containing a housing with distribution pipes, a rotor with a material pipeline attached to it, on which a hemispherical sieve with annular louvres is installed (USSR patent No. 725596, class A01C 7/00, publ. 04/10/80).

The disadvantage of this device is the inability to regulate the area of the head outlet openings and ensure uniform supply of seeds under the openers.

A dividing head of a pneumatic seeder is known, containing a housing with distribution pipes and a cover with a conical seed flow divider and a valve with a drive to regulate the area of the outlet openings of the distribution pipes (RF patent No. 2557106, class A01 7/4, 07/20/2015).

The disadvantage of this dividing head is that the damper drive must be powered by a seed registration system at the exit through the fitting, but this system only records whether the seeds pass through the fitting or not, so adjusting the seed supply is impossible.

The need to improve the dividing head arises from the following. On modern sowing units, seeds are distributed among the coulters using dividing heads, the number of which depends on the working width of the unit; they can be installed from one to five or more per unit. Each dividing head can distribute seeds into ten or more seed tubes. Moreover, the supply of seeds to the distribution head can be either directly from the dispenser or from the distribution head of the first cascade. (Fig. 1) shows the Kuzbass-T PK-9.7 sowing unit with one dividing head of the first cascade and five heads of the second cascade. At the same time, the uneven distribution of seeds along the seed tubes can reach up to 17% due to differences in air resistance when passing through the seed tubes. In addition, when sowing grain crops, when avoiding obstacles or turning the unit at the edge of the field, the bunker dispenser is turned off simultaneously with the raising of the coulters, and since the pneumatic system is filled with seeds, after raising the coulters, they spill out onto the field surface within 5-7 seconds and are lost. When lowering the openers, there is a delay in the supply of seeds to the openers, which results in sifting, since it takes 3-4 seconds to fill the system with seeds. Therefore, to eliminate seed loss and eliminate unsown areas, it is necessary to have a device in front of the openers that will receive seeds from the pneumatic system after raising the openers, and feed them through dispensers at the moment the openers are immersed in the soil, increasing the uniformity of seed distribution among the openers.

The purpose of the invention is to ensure uniform supply of seeds by the pneumatic system of sowing units under the openers and to eliminate seed loss when lifting the openers.

This goal is achieved, according to the invention, by installing at the outlet of the dividing head of the hopper with a vibrating seed dispenser.

A dividing head, including a vertical mixing seed tube with a casing mounted on it with a hopper, a seed dispenser and an air duct, according to the invention, allows you to separate seeds from the air flow and regulate their supply to the seed tubes by a multi-section dispenser driven by a stepper electric motor controlled through an on-board computer during operation sowing unit.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

in fig. 1 - the Kuzbass-T PK-9.7 sowing unit with pneumatic supply of seeds to the coulters is presented;

in fig. 2 - shows a diagram of a sowing unit with pneumatic supply of seeds to the openers, equipped with a dividing head with a seed dispenser (one head is shown);

in fig. 3-body dividing head

in fig. 4 - seed dispenser on the dividing head;

in fig. 5 - general view of the dividing head;

in fig. 6 - distribution pipes;

in fig. 7 - electrical circuit for controlling seed dispensers.

The following position designations are used in the drawings: 1 - vertical seed tube; 2 - dividing head housing; 3 - bunker; 4 - dispensers of the distribution head; 5 - distribution pipes; 6 - air duct; 7 - stepper motor; 8 - disk opener; 9 - central seed tube; 10 - dispensers on the hopper; 11 - main bunker for seeds and fertilizers; 12 - fan of the pneumatic system; 13 - pneumatic system fan drive motor; 14 - seed ducts for disc openers; 15 - speed sensor of the main hopper dispenser; 16 - limit switch of dispensers; 17 - electromagnetic clutch for disabling the main hopper dispenser; 18 - dispenser control panel; 19 - signal switch.

The essence of the invention is as follows. When sowing grain crops with sowing units, seeds from the main hopper 11 to dispensers 10 are fed into the central seed tube 9, through which they enter the vertical seed tube 1 and are uniformly supplied by air flow to the housing 2 (Fig. 2). Housing 2 is connected from above to the seed tube 1, housing 2 is made in the form of a curved funnel (Fig. 3). On the other side, a hopper 3 is attached to the body 2, and the flange with which the body 2 is attached to the vertical seed pipe 1 is 10 times smaller in area than the flange on the side of the hopper 3. An air duct 6 is attached to the hopper 3, which is connected to the distribution pipes 5. On the bottom In the hopper 3, a dispenser 4 is installed, driven by a stepper motor 7. The dispenser 4 can be of any design, either vibrating or with a rotating coil (Fig. 4). The dispenser 4 is divided into sections according to the number of openers 8 involved. Each section of the dispenser 4 is connected to its own distribution pipe 5. The pipes 5 are combined into one block. Air is supplied to the pipes 5 (Fig. 5) from the air duct 6. Seed tubes 14 are installed on the nozzles 5, which are connected to the disk coulters 8. Moreover, the nozzles 5 are made according to the principle of an injector in two designs (Fig. 6), with a feed under the coulters of the first row and with a feed under the coulters of the second row. This must be done for the convenience of connecting the pipes with the seed tubes.

The dividing head works as follows.

Seeds through dispensers on the hopper 10 are fed by air flow through the central seed tube 9 into the vertical seed tube 1, where under the influence of the air flow they are evenly distributed throughout the entire volume of the seed tube and supplied to housing 2. The mixture of air with seeds from seed tube 1 enters housing 2 and in the zone increased volume loses speed. In this case, the seeds, under the influence of centrifugal force, are pressed against the wall of the housing 2, losing speed, poured into the hopper 3, evenly distributed among the sections of the dispenser 4 installed in the lower part of the hopper 3. The air, freed from the seeds, goes into the air duct 6 and through the air duct 6 enters the distribution pipes 5. The seeds that are in the lower part of the hopper 3 are evenly distributed by sections of the dispenser 4 into the pipes 5, where they are again mixed with the air flow and are fed through the seed tubes 14 under the coulters 8 for embedding in the soil. When approaching the edge of the field to turn the sowing unit, the tractor driver lifts the coulters 8 from the soil, while at the same time, the limit switch 16 turns off the clutch 17 of the dispenser 10 on the unit's hopper and the dispensers 4 on the distribution heads of the sowing unit (Fig. 7). The seeds that were at this moment in the seed tube 9 and 1, since the dispenser 4 stops working, settle in the lower part of the hopper 3 without spilling out onto the field surface. After turning the unit and lowering the coulters into the soil, the limit switch 16 is activated and the clutch 17 of the drive of the dispensers 10 is turned on, at the same time the dispensers 4 on the distribution heads are turned on and the seeds, which are located in the lower part of the hopper 3, begin to be fed through the seed tubes 14 under the coulters 8. This makes it possible to exclude loss of seeds when traveling to the edge of the field and sifting when the unit enters the field. The operation of the dispensers 4 is synchronized with the operation of the dispenser 10 on the main hopper using the speed sensor of the dispensers 15 through the control panel 18 and the switch 19 (Fig. 7).

Claims (2)

1. A dividing head of a pneumatic sowing unit, containing a vertical mixing seed tube for supplying seeds through it with an air flow, with a housing attached to it on one side from above, and distribution pipes, characterized in that a hopper is attached to the other side of the housing, with a hopper installed in its lower part a sectional dispenser driven by a stepper motor controlled from an on-board computer, with each section of the dispenser connected to its own distribution pipe; in addition, an air duct is installed on the dividing head hopper, the upper part of which is located in the hopper, and the lower part ends with distribution pipes. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the distribution pipes are combined into one block and are made in the form of injectors, the outputs of which are alternately directed to the coulters of the first and second rows.