RU227250U1 - Dividing head of the sowing unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, namely to sowing units with pneumatic supply of seeds from the main hopper to the dividing head, and can also be used for dosed supply of seeds to openers on mechanical seeders and in precision farming systems. The need to improve the dividing head arises due to the uneven distribution of seeds along the seed tubes, which can reach up to 17%. In addition, when the unit turns at the edge of the field while the dispenser is turned off, the pneumatic system is filled with seeds and after lifting the coulters through the dividing heads for 5-7 seconds, they spill out onto the field surface. When the openers are lowered, there is a delay in the supply of seeds, which results in sifting, since it takes 3-4 seconds to fill the system with seeds. The purpose of the utility model is to ensure uniform supply of seeds by the pneumatic system of sowing units under the openers and to eliminate seed loss when lifting the openers. This goal is achieved by installing a bin dividing head with a vibrating seed dispenser at the outlet. The dividing head allows, after turning off the main dispenser, when turning the unit, to save the seeds in the hopper and, when turning on the dispenser, to dose them into the seed tubes of the coulters. According to the utility model, this is achieved by the fact that the seeds are separated from the air flow during operation of the sowing unit and supplied to the seed tubes by dispenser sections driven by a stepper motor controlled via an on-board computer.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, namely to sowing units with pneumatic supply of seeds from the main hopper to the dividing head, and can also be used for dosed supply of seeds to openers on mechanical seeders and in precision farming systems.

A dividing head of a pneumatic seeder is known, containing a housing with distribution pipes, a rotor with a material pipeline attached to it, on which a hemispherical sieve with annular blinds is installed (USSR patent No. 725596, class A01C 7/00, publ. 04/10/80).

The disadvantage of this device is the inability to regulate the area of the head outlet openings and ensure uniform supply of seeds under the openers.

A dividing head of a pneumatic seeder is known, containing a housing with distribution pipes and a cover with a conical seed flow divider and a valve with a drive to regulate the area of the outlet openings of the distribution pipes (RF patent No. 2557106, class A01 7/4, 07/20/2015).

The disadvantage of this dividing head is that the damper drive must be powered by a seed registration system at the exit through the fitting, but this system only records whether the seeds pass through the fitting or not, so adjusting the seed supply is impossible.

The need to improve the dividing head arises from the following. On modern sowing units, seeds are distributed among the coulters using dividing heads, the number of which depends on the working width of the unit; they can be installed from one to five or more per unit. Each dividing head can distribute seeds into ten or more seed tubes. Moreover, the supply of seeds to the dividing head can be either directly from the dispenser or from the dividing head of the first cascade. (Fig. 1) shows the Kuzbass-T PK-8.0 sowing unit with five heads. At the same time, the uneven distribution of seeds along the seed tubes can reach up to 17% due to differences in air resistance when passing through the seed tubes. In addition, when sowing grain crops, when avoiding obstacles or turning the unit at the edge of the field, the bunker dispenser is turned off simultaneously with the raising of the coulters, and since the pneumatic system is filled with seeds, after raising the coulters, they spill out onto the field surface within 5-7 seconds and are lost. When lowering the openers, there is a delay in the supply of seeds to the openers, which results in sifting, since it takes 3-4 seconds to fill the system with seeds. Therefore, to eliminate seed loss and eliminate unsown areas, it is necessary to have a device in front of the openers that will receive seeds from the pneumatic system after the openers are lifted, and feed them through dispensers at the moment the openers are immersed in the soil, increasing the uniformity of seed distribution among the openers.

The purpose of the utility model is to ensure uniform supply of seeds by the pneumatic system of sowing units under the openers and to eliminate seed loss when lifting the openers.

This goal is achieved, according to the utility model, by installing a bin dividing head with a vibrating seed dispenser at the outlet.

A dividing head, including a vertical mixing seed tube with a casing mounted on it with a hopper, a seed dispenser and an air duct, according to the invention, allows you to separate seeds from the air flow and regulate their supply to the seed tubes by a multi-section dispenser driven by a stepper electric motor controlled through an on-board computer during operation sowing unit.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings:

in fig. Figure 1 shows the dividing head of the Kuzbass-T PK-8.0 sowing unit with pneumatic supply of seeds to the coulters;

in fig. 2 shows a diagram of a sowing unit with pneumatic supply of seeds to the coulters, equipped with a dividing head with a seed dispenser (one head is shown);

in fig. 3 - dividing head housing

in fig. 4 - seed dispenser on the dividing head;

in fig. 5 - general view of the dividing head;

in fig. 6 - electrical circuit for controlling seed dispensers.

The following position designations are used in the drawings: 1 - vertical seed tube; 2 - dividing head housing; 3 - bunker; 4 - dividing head dispensers; 5 - distribution pipes; 6 - air ducts; 7 - stepper motor; 8 - disk opener; 9 - central seed tube; 10 - dispensers on the main hopper; 11 - main bunker for seeds and fertilizers; 12 - fan of the pneumatic system; 13 - pneumatic system fan drive motor; 14 - seed ducts for disc openers; 15 - speed sensor of the main hopper dispenser; 16 - limit switch of dispensers; 17 - electromagnetic clutch for disabling the main hopper dispenser; 18 - dispenser control panel; 19 - signal switch.

The essence of the useful model is as follows. When sowing grain crops with sowing units, seeds from the main hopper 11 to dispensers 10 are fed into the central seed tube 9, through which they enter the vertical seed tube 1 and are uniformly supplied by air flow to the housing 2 (Fig. 2). Housing 2 is connected from above to the seed tube 1, housing 2 is made in the form of a funnel curved around the circumference (Fig. 3). On the other side, a hopper 3 is attached to the body 2, and the flange with which the body 2 is attached to the vertical seed tube 1 is made in the form of a ring with an area 10 times smaller than the flange on the side of the hopper 3, made in the form of a rectangle. Two air ducts 6 are attached to the hopper 3, which vent air into the atmosphere; their total area is greater than the area of the vertical seed duct 1. Moreover, the air ducts 6 are installed along the edges of the hopper for better distribution of seeds along the bottom of the hopper 3 (Fig. 4). At the bottom of the hopper 3 there is a dispenser 4 driven by a stepper motor 7. The dispenser 4 can be of any design, either vibrating or with a rotating coil. The dispenser 4 is divided into sections according to the number of openers 8 involved. Each section of the dispenser 4 is connected to its own pipe 5 (Fig. 5). The pipes 5 are combined into one block. Seed tubes 14 are installed on branch pipes 5, which are connected to disk openers 8.

The dividing head works as follows.

Seeds through dispensers on the hopper 10 are fed by air flow through the central seed tube 9 into the vertical seed tube 1, where under the influence of the air flow they are evenly distributed throughout the entire volume of the seed tube and supplied to housing 2. The mixture of air with seeds from seed tube 1 enters housing 2 and in the zone increased volume loses speed. In this case, the seeds in the housing 2 move in a circle and, under the action of centrifugal force, are pressed against the wall of the housing 2, losing speed, poured into the hopper 3, evenly distributed among the sections of the dispenser 4 installed in the lower part of the hopper 3. The air, freed from the seeds, escapes into the atmosphere through air ducts 6. The seeds that are in the lower part of the hopper 3 are evenly distributed by sections of the dispenser 4 along the nozzles 5, and through the seed ducts 14 under their own weight are fed under the coulters 8 for embedding in the soil. When approaching the edge of the field to turn the sowing unit, the tractor driver lifts the coulters 8 from the soil, while at the same time, the limit switch 16 turns off the clutch 17 of the metering unit 10 on the hopper of the unit and the metering units 4 on the dividing heads of the sowing unit (Fig. 6). The seeds that were at this moment in the seed tube 9 and 1, since the dispenser 4 stops working, accumulate in the lower part of the hopper 3 without spilling out onto the field surface. After turning the unit and lowering the coulters into the soil, the limit switch 16 is activated and the clutch 17 of the drive of the dispensers 10 is turned on, while at the same time the dispensers 4 on the dividing heads are turned on and the seeds, which are located in the lower part of the hopper 3, begin to flow through the seed tubes 14 under the coulters 8. This allows you to eliminate seed loss when traveling to the edge of the field and sifting when the unit enters the field. The operation of the dispensers 4 is synchronized with the operation of the dispenser 10 on the main hopper using the speed sensor of the dispensers 15 through the control panel 18 and the switch 19.

Claims (2)

1. A dividing head of a pneumatic sowing unit, containing a vertical mixing seed tube with a housing installed on it and a hopper with distribution pipes, characterized in that a sectional dispenser is installed in the lower part of the separating head hopper, the operation of which is synchronized with the operation of the dispenser on the main hopper, while the housing The dividing head is made in the form of a funnel, curved in a circle. 2. The dividing head of the pneumatic sowing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that two air ducts are installed at the edges of the dividing head hopper, and their total area is greater than the area of the vertical seed duct.