RU2819567C1 - Centrifugal disc grinder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: crushing or grinding of various materials.

SUBSTANCE: proposed invention relates to devices for grinding various materials and can be used in production of construction materials, as well as in other industries. Centrifugal disc grinder comprises cylindrical housing with loading and unloading branch pipes, oppositely rotating upper and lower discs. Vertical gap between the lower surface of the upper conical disc and the upper surface of the lower horizontal disc uniformly decreases from the centre of the discs to their periphery from (1.5...2)D_max to (0.5...1.0)D_max, where D_max is the maximum particle size of the crushed material. To the lower surface of the upper conical disc there are rigidly fixed uniformly arranged radial vertical ribs of the same height. To upper surface of lower horizontal disc uniformly located radial vertical ribs are rigidly fixed, height of which decreases uniformly from centre to periphery in proportion to reduction of vertical gap between surfaces of two discs. Vertical cups are rigidly attached to inner ends of radial vertical ribs of both discs, the inner diameter of each of which is equal to the inner diameter of the loading branch pipe. Curvilinear radial wear-resistant blades are rigidly attached to the inner cavities of each vertical cup with their outer ends, symmetrically located relative to the axis of rotation and bent in accordance with the direction of rotation of the corresponding disc, the inner ends of which are rigidly attached in the centre to the vertical bar dividers, height of each of which is equal to height of corresponding vertical cup. There is a vertical process gap between the vertical cups, as well as between the radial vertical ribs of the two discs. Vertical distance from lower end of lower vertical cup to upper surface of lower horizontal disc exceeds 2D_max, and minimum distance between adjacent radial vertical ribs on two discs exceeds D_max.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of grinding process.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for grinding various materials and can be used in the production of building materials, as well as in other industries.

The design of a centrifugal disk grinder is known (Semikopenko I.A., Voronov V.P., Belyaev D.A., Manyakhin A.S. Determination of the power spent on grinding a particle between two conical surfaces // Bulletin of BSTU named after V.G. Shukhova. 2018. No. 5. P. 78-81), containing a cylindrical body, inside of which there are two upper and lower disks with a working surface rotating in opposite directions.

The design of a centrifugal impact mill is known (USSR Copyright Certificate for invention No. 671839, B02S13/14, publ. 07/05/1979, Bulletin No. 25), containing a stepped housing, each subsequent stage in which, counting as the material moves, is made of a larger diameter, a horizontally located stepped rotor with blowers, loading and unloading pipes located in the housing.

The technical problem of the known designs is the low efficiency of the grinding process and the low grinding fineness.

The closest technical solution to the proposed one, adopted as a prototype, is a centrifugal disk chopper (RF Patent for utility model No. 145376, B02 C 13/20, publ. 09.20.2014, Bulletin No. 26), containing a cylindrical body with loading and unloading pipes , oppositely rotating flat upper and lower disks with impact elements, the impact elements are made in the form of a spiral, which on the upper and lower disks are directed in opposite directions.

The following set of prototype features coincides with the essential features of the claimed invention: a cylindrical body with loading and unloading nozzles and counter-rotating upper and lower disks. However, the known device is characterized by low efficiency of the grinding process. This is due to the lack of preliminary crushing of the material and the insignificant loads on the crushed material.

The invention is aimed at increasing the efficiency of the grinding process due to preliminary grinding of the material and increasing the load on the crushed material.

This is achieved by the fact that the centrifugal disk grinder contains a cylindrical body with loading and unloading pipes, and counter-rotating upper and lower disks. According to the proposed solution, the vertical gap between the lower surface of the upper conical disk and the upper surface of the lower horizontal disk uniformly decreases from the center of the disks to their periphery from (1.5...2)D _max to (0.5...1.0)D _max , where D _max is the maximum particle size of the crushed material. Evenly spaced radial vertical ribs of equal height are rigidly fixed to the lower surface of the upper conical disk. Evenly spaced radial vertical ribs are rigidly fixed to the upper surface of the lower horizontal disk, the height of which uniformly decreases from the center to the periphery in proportion to the decrease in the vertical gap between the surfaces of the two disks. Vertical cups are rigidly attached to the inner ends of the radial vertical ribs of both disks, the inner diameter of each of which is equal to the inner diameter of the loading pipe. Curvilinear radial wear-resistant knives are rigidly attached to the internal cavities of each vertical glass with their outer ends, symmetrically located relative to the axis of rotation and curved in accordance with the direction of rotation of the corresponding disk, the inner ends of which are rigidly attached in the center to vertical rod separators, the height of each of which is equal to the height of the corresponding vertical glasses. There is a vertical technological gap between the vertical cups, as well as between the radial vertical ribs of the two disks. The vertical distance from the lower end of the lower vertical glass to the upper surface of the lower horizontal disk exceeds 2D _max . The minimum distance between adjacent radial vertical ribs on two disks exceeds _Dmax .

The essence of the invention is illustrated by the drawing, where in FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a centrifugal disk chopper; fig. 2 – section A-A in Fig. 1 (lower vertical glass); fig. 3 – section B-B in Fig. 1 (upper vertical glass).

The centrifugal disk grinder contains a cylindrical body 1 with loading 2 and unloading 3 nozzles, counter-rotating upper conical 4 and lower horizontal 5 disks. The upper conical disk 4 rotates from the loading pipe 2, and the lower horizontal disk 5 rotates from the lower shaft 6. The vertical gap between the lower surface of the upper conical disk 4 and the upper surface of the lower horizontal disk 5 uniformly decreases from the center of disks 4 and 5 to their periphery from ( 1.5...2)D _max to (0.5...1.0)D _max , where D _max is the maximum particle size of the crushed material. To the lower surface of the upper conical disk 4 are rigidly fixed, for example by welding, evenly spaced radial vertical ribs 7 of the same height. To the upper surface of the lower horizontal disk 5 are rigidly fixed, for example by welding, evenly spaced radial vertical ribs 8, the height of which uniformly decreases from the center to the periphery in proportion to the decrease in the vertical gap between the surfaces of the upper conical disk 4 and the lower horizontal disk 5. To the inner ends of the radial vertical ribs 7 and 8 of the upper conical disk 4 and the lower horizontal disk 5 are rigidly attached, for example by welding, to the upper vertical glass 9 and the lower vertical glass 10, the internal diameter of each of which is equal to the internal diameter of the loading pipe 2. To the internal cavities of the upper 9 and lower 10 vertical glass The outer ends are rigidly attached, for example by welding, to curved radial wear-resistant knives 11 and 12, respectively, symmetrically located relative to the axis of rotation and curved in accordance with the direction of rotation of the corresponding disk. The inner ends of the curved radial wear-resistant knives 11 and 12 are rigidly attached, for example by welding, in the center to the vertical rod separators 13 and 14, respectively. The height of each of the vertical rod separators 13 and 14 is equal to the height of the corresponding upper vertical glass 9 and lower vertical glass 10. Between the upper vertical glass 9 and the lower vertical glass 10, as well as between the radial vertical ribs 7 and 8 of the two disks 4 and 5, there is a vertical technological gap. The vertical distance from the lower end of the lower vertical glass 10 to the upper surface of the lower horizontal disk 5 exceeds 2D _max . The minimum distance between adjacent radial vertical ribs 7 and between adjacent radial vertical ribs 8 on two disks 4 and 5 exceeds _Dmax . If necessary, it is possible to raise the upper conical disk 4 due to the spring support 15.

A centrifugal disc chopper works as follows. The crushed material, for example limestone with a moisture content of up to 1%, enters the loading nozzle 2, then into the working volume between the upper surface of the lower horizontal disk 5 and the lower surface of the upper conical disk 4, rotating in opposite directions, respectively, from the lower shaft 6 and the loading nozzle 2. Particles the material is directed to the center into the action zone of curvilinear radial wear-resistant knives 11 and 12, fixed in the upper 9 and lower 10 vertical glasses, rotating in opposite directions together with the upper conical 4 and lower horizontal 5 disks. The particles are captured by the working surfaces of the curved radial wear-resistant knives 11 and move towards the internal cavity of the upper vertical glass 9. Then, under the influence of gravity of successive particles, the material is directed to the vertical technological gap between the curved radial wear-resistant knives 11 and 12 of the upper 9 and lower 10 vertical glasses. Here, the particles are pre-crushed due to impact, shearing and abrasion by counter-rotating curved radial wear-resistant knives 11 and 12, which increases the load on the crushed material. Then they are captured by the working surfaces of the curved radial wear-resistant knives 12 of the lower vertical glass 10 and along its internal cavity are directed to the upper surface of the lower horizontal disk 5. Then the pre-crushed particles move along the upper surfaces of the lower horizontal disk 5 and are captured by the working surfaces of the radial vertical ribs 8 of the lower horizontal disk 5. When radially moving along the working surfaces of the radial vertical ribs 8 of the lower horizontal disk 5, the particles are continuously crushed in the vertical technological gap between the radial vertical ribs 7 and 8 of the upper conical 4 and lower horizontal 5 disks. Moreover, this grinding is selective in nature depending on the particle size. Since particles decrease in size when moving towards the periphery, the vertical gap between the lower surface of the upper conical disk 4 and the upper surface of the lower horizontal disks 5, as well as the height of the radial vertical ribs 8 of this disk, uniformly decreases. The grinding of particles as they move towards the periphery of disks 4 and 5 is carried out mainly due to impact and abrasion. When the required size is reached, the particles of the finished material are carried out by the air flow from housing 1 through the discharge pipe 3. Non-crushed pieces of material are unloaded by raising the upper conical disk 4 when compressing the spring support 15. To prevent jamming of the material in the center of the lower horizontal disk 5, the vertical distance from the lower end of the lower vertical cup 10 to the upper surface of the lower horizontal disk 5 exceeds 2D_max. To prevent material from clogging the gaps between adjacent radial vertical ribs 7 and adjacent radial vertical ribs 8, the minimum distance between them exceeds D_max.

The proposed design of a centrifugal disk grinder allows for preliminary grinding of the material and increasing the load on the crushed material. All of the above will improve the efficiency of the grinding process, thereby increasing the productivity of the finished class of crushed material.

Claims (1)

A centrifugal disk grinder containing a cylindrical body with loading and unloading nozzles, counter-rotating upper and lower disks, characterized in that the vertical gap between the lower surface of the upper conical disk and the upper surface of the lower horizontal disk uniformly decreases from the center of the disks to their periphery from (1, 5...2)D _max up to (0.5...1.0)D _max , where D _max is the maximum particle size of the crushed material, evenly spaced radial vertical ribs of the same height are rigidly fixed to the lower surface of the upper conical disk, to On the upper surface of the lower horizontal disk, uniformly spaced radial vertical ribs are rigidly fixed, the height of which decreases uniformly from the center to the periphery in proportion to the decrease in the vertical gap between the surfaces of the two disks; vertical cups are rigidly attached to the inner ends of the radial vertical ribs of both disks, the internal diameter of each of which is equal to the internal diameter of the loading nozzle, curvilinear radial wear-resistant knives are rigidly attached to the internal cavities of each vertical glass with their outer ends, symmetrically located relative to the axis of rotation and curved in accordance with the direction of rotation of the corresponding disk, the inner ends of which are rigidly attached in the center to vertical rod separators, the height of each of which is equal to the height of the corresponding vertical glass, there is a vertical technological gap between the vertical glasses, as well as between the radial vertical ribs of the two disks, the vertical distance from the lower end of the lower vertical glass to the upper surface of the lower horizontal disk exceeds 2D _max , and the minimum distance between adjacent radial vertical ribs is two disks exceed D _max .