RU2815667C1 - Vibration concentrator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: various technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: proposed invention relates to dressing of minerals and can be used for separation of mineral mixtures into fractions with particles of different density. Vibration concentrator comprises a loading device, a vibration exciter, a frame with a base, concentration element in the form of a steel chute with external sides, which is inclined from the upper loading part to the lower unloading part, is installed on spring supports with possibility of changing frequency and amplitude of oscillations. Vibration concentrator is equipped with an inclined plate installed on the base of the frame; at that, one end of the plate is fixed on the base by means of a nut-screw device with the possibility of height adjustment, and the other end of the plate is hinged to the base. In the centre of the plate there is a vibration exciter made of electromagnetic linear type. Concentrating element is fixed on spring supports on the plate and is made in the unloading part, which is not more than one third of the total length of the chute, with an L-shaped projection in one direction. L-shaped projection of the chute is made with additional inclination towards the projection and is divided into two parts by an internal board. In the area of the L-shaped projection on one side of the inner side, a first transverse partition is installed, which is connected by its ends with the outer and inner sides, and in the zone of its articulation with the inner board the first slit-like passage is made, on the other side of the inner side there is a second transverse partition connected by its ends with the inner side and the other outer side, and in the zone of its joint with the other outer side there is a second slot-like passage. First and second transverse partitions are made at an angle to the inner side of the chute towards the L-shaped projection and the discharge part of the chute. Height of the first partition is greater than the height of the second one.

EFFECT: increasing efficiency of gravity dressing of minerals, enlarging the field of application and reducing power consumption.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mineral processing and can be used to separate mineral mixtures into fractions with particles of different densities.

A known vibration concentrator for mineral processing [RU 2138337 C1, IPC B03B 5/72 (1995.01), B03B 5/02 (1995.01), publ. 10.10.2006], containing a loading device, a chute with a catching coating, a vibrator, devices for supplying water and unloading concentrate. The loading device is connected to a screen located in front of a chute with a catching coating. An additional chute with a catching coating is installed under the screen. The concentrator is equipped with a device for rotating the gutters along the longitudinal axis. The vibrator imparts harmonic vibrations to the working surface of the gutters, directed along the width of the working surface of the gutters. The riffles of the catching coatings are directed along the width of the working surface of the gutters. The ratio of the length of the gutters to their width ranges from 0.2 to 4.0. The longitudinal inclination angle of the working surface of the gutters varies from 0.5 to 9.0 degrees. The vibration concentrator is additionally equipped with a device for adjusting the transverse inclination of the gutters.

The considered vibration concentrator has a narrow scope and is intended only for extracting gold from placers.

A known screen concentrator [RU 2284865 C1, IPC B03B 5/70 (2006.01), B03B 5/02 (2006.01), B07B 1/28 (2006.01), publ. 10.10.2006], containing a box with a sowing surface, a vibration exciter, a concentration element in the form of transverse ribs and a longitudinal groove with variable depth, connected at the lower level with intercostal depressions through side holes. The transverse ribs have a slope in the direction of the longitudinal groove and a slope towards the loading side of the screen concentrator. Moreover, it is possible to change their number, height and angle of inclination. The ribbed coating of the concentration element is wear-resistant. A concentrate receiver is installed at the outlet end of the longitudinal groove. The box and sowing surface with a concentration element have the ability to change the frequency and amplitude of vibrations. The concentration element is made in the form of a thin-layer non-perforated plate, the transverse ribs on which are made integral with the plate. The plate is equipped with longitudinal, vertically located ones, while the plate simultaneously serves as the bottom of the longitudinal groove. The longitudinal groove has side walls. Side holes are made in these walls. The thin-layer plate is equipped with longitudinal walls that are vertically located and tightly connected to the outer ends of the transverse ribs.

A known vibration concentrator [RU 2339451 C1, IPC B03B 5/70 (2006.01), B03B 5/02 (2006.01), publ. 11.27.2008], containing a box, a vibration exciter, a concentration element in the form of symmetrically located transverse ribs. The ribbed coating of the concentration element is wear-resistant. The box and concentration element have the ability to change the frequency and amplitude of vibration. The concentration element is made in the form of a plate, the transverse ribs on which are integral with the plate. The plate is equipped with longitudinal vertical walls, the transverse ribs have a slope towards the vertical walls and an inclination towards the loading side of the vibration concentrator, and it is possible to change their number, height and angle of inclination. At the loading end of the vibration concentrator, there is a receiving box on the plate, screened on the outside by a transverse vertical wall with a height exceeding the height of the transverse ribs. The concentration element with symmetrically located transverse ribs is divided into separate sectors by means of dividing transverse ribs, similar to symmetrically located transverse ribs, but with a mirror slope. The dividing transverse ribs are tightly connected with their outer end ends to the longitudinal walls, and between their inner end ends along the center line of the concentration element there are passages from sector to sector, a similar passage is made from the receiving box, shielded on the working side by the dividing transverse ribs of the adjacent first sectors. The transverse ribs located inside each sector are tightly connected to each other and to the separating transverse ribs by their internal end ends and have a gap between their outer end ends and the longitudinal walls. Directly behind each of the dividing transverse ribs on the side opposite to loading, slot holes are made in the plate, screened along their opposite longitudinal edge by ribs similar to the dividing transverse ribs, and at the internal end ends by inclined walls with a height equal to the height of the transverse ribs. At the end of the vibration concentrator, the opposite to the loading one, there is a slot-like hole in the plate for the removal of tails emerging through the edges of the latter from the loading of the separating transverse ribs, screened on the outside by a transverse vertical wall with a height exceeding the height of the transverse ribs. At the outer ends of the last separating ribs of the vibration concentrator, there are concentrator receivers located symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axial line of the concentration element, screened on the working side by side inclined walls with a height exceeding the height of the transverse ribs, and having an adjustable gap in the lower part near the surface of the plate.

To prevent heavier mineral grains from getting into the light fractions of the enriched material, the upper edges of the dividing transverse ribs and inclined walls shielding the slot-shaped openings are equipped with deflecting visors along the entire perimeter of the slot-shaped openings.

A known vibration concentrator [RU 2354456 C1, IPC B03B 5/70 (2006.01), B03B 5/02 (2006.01), publ. 05.10.2009], containing a box, a vibration exciter, a concentration element in the form of symmetrically located transverse ribs. The ribbed coating of the concentration element is wear-resistant, the box and the concentration element have the ability to change the frequency and amplitude of vibration. The concentration element is made in the form of a plate, the transverse ribs on which are integral with the plate. The plate is equipped with longitudinal, vertically located walls. The transverse ribs have a slope towards the vertical walls and a slope towards the loading side of the vibration concentrator, and it is possible to change their number, height and angle of inclination. At the loading end of the vibration concentrator, a receiving box is placed on the plate, screened on the outside by a transverse vertical wall with a height exceeding the height of the transverse ribs. The concentration element is equipped with a large-mesh removable grid made of vertically arranged plates, installed on top of the transverse ribs and secured to the longitudinal walls. It is possible to change the height of the removable grid plates and the size of its cells.

The specified vibration concentrator does not allow the continuous concentration and removal of fractions of more than one density simultaneously. The use of an unbalanced electromechanical vibration exciter in it is accompanied by fairly high energy costs.

A known vibration concentrator [RU 2349386 C1, IPC B03B 5/72 (2006.01), publ. 03.20.2009], selected as a prototype, containing a loading hopper, a concentration chute equipped with a device for adjusting its longitudinal inclination, a vibrator, and a means for unloading the concentrate. The concentration chute contains a plate installed above its bottom, with the ability to adjust the gap between them, while the upper edge of the plate is in sealed contact with the transverse edge of the discharge opening of the hopper, and the side edges of the plate are in sealed contact with the walls of the concentration chute. The means for unloading the concentrate is made in the form of a guide plate installed at the discharge opening of the concentration chute, with the possibility of adjustable rotation on a horizontal axis and the possibility of dividing the plane of the unloading opening of the chute into upper and lower parts. The ratio of the length of the gutter to its width is 4:1. Permanent magnets are placed on the outer surface of the plate near the discharge hole of the chute.

This vibration concentrator ensures the release of only one useful fraction during one technological cycle, which limits the scope of its application. The inability to operate the concentrator in mechanical resonance mode reduces the efficiency of gravitational enrichment and is accompanied by increased energy consumption.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to increase the efficiency of gravitational enrichment of minerals, expand the scope of application and reduce energy costs.

The vibration concentrator, as in the prototype, contains a loading device, a vibration exciter, a frame with a base, a concentration element in the form of a steel chute with outer sides, inclined from the upper loading part to the lower unloading part, mounted on spring supports with the ability to change the frequency and amplitude of vibrations.

Unlike the prototype, the vibration concentrator is equipped with an inclined plate mounted on the base of the frame. One end of the plate is fixed to the base using a nut-screw device with the ability to adjust in height, and the other end of the plate is hingedly connected to the base. A vibration exciter made of an electromagnetic linear type is installed in the center of the plate. The concentration element is mounted on spring supports on the plate and is made in the discharge part, constituting no more than one third of the total length of the chute, with an L-shaped protrusion in one direction, and the L-shaped protrusion is made with an additional slope towards the protrusion and is divided into two parts by the inner board. In the area of the L-shaped protrusion on one side of the inner side there is a first transverse partition, which is connected at its ends to the outer and inner sides, and in the area of its articulation with the inner side the first slot-like passage is made. On the other side of the inner side there is a second transverse partition connected at its ends to the inner side and another outer side, and in the area of its junction with the other outer side a second slot-like passage is made. The first and second transverse partitions are made at an angle to the inner side of the chute towards the L-shaped protrusion and the unloading part of the chute, and the height of the first partition is greater than the height of the second.

When exposed to vibration generated by a vibration exciter, the chute makes oscillatory movements. The particles of fractions of mineral raw materials located on the chute, under the influence of vibration, move along the chute towards the discharge end along trajectories that differ from each other. Particles of the fraction with higher density have trajectories with the largest amplitude, and particles of fractions with lower densities have smaller amplitudes. Particles with a higher density, moving along the chute with maximum amplitude, overcome the first partition and thereby form the first screening. Particles with a density lower than the particles of the first screening, which did not overcome the first transverse partition, due to the additional inclination of the unloading end of the chute, move sequentially towards the L-shaped protrusion through the first slot-like passage, and then towards the unloading end of the chute. Some of them overcome the second transverse partition and form the second screening. Particles that do not overcome the second partition form a third screening, which is discharged through the second slit-like passage. The first and second screening particles formed at the discharge end of the chute and the third screening particles are supplied for further use. In this way, a three-stage separation of a mixture of mineral raw materials is realized. Making the first and second transverse partitions at an angle to the sides towards the discharge end and the L-shaped protrusion of the chute provides a more complete separation. In this case, for a certain number of particles that fall into the dead zones immediately in front of these partitions when they move towards the protrusion of the L-shaped protrusion of the chute, conditions arise that facilitate their overcoming the first and second transverse partitions. A linear type vibration exciter, in combination with spring supports, creates vibrations of the chute in one spatial plane, predominantly in a vertical plane, which ensures a fairly stable trajectory of particle movement. And the implementation of an L-shaped protrusion of the chute in a ratio of at least one third of its total length ensures the formation of steady, highly stable trajectories of particle movement along the movement in the chute. Making spring supports with a rigidity corresponding to the mechanical resonance of the chute vibrations ensures energy savings for the vibration exciter at voltage frequencies close to the mechanical resonance frequency. Regulating the voltage frequency of the power source, and, accordingly, the oscillation frequency of the chute, in the region of the resonance frequency makes it possible to ensure the interaction of particles of mineral raw materials with the bottom of the chute at the moment of the maximum increasing speed of its movement, at which the maximum interaction force is achieved and, accordingly, the maximum amplitudes of the particle trajectories at the discharge end of the chute. Achieving maximum amplitudes of particle motion ensures an expansion of the scope of application both in terms of the quality of separation and the coverage of mineral raw materials having different densities. To avoid loss of particles due to vibration, the height of the outer sides of the chute must be at least two times the height of the first transverse partition. The tilt of the plate must be at least 1.5 degrees, which ensures effective separation of the mixture of mineral raw materials into fractions with less variation in density. Mixtures of mineral raw materials with a large variation in density require setting the inclination angle of the adjustable platform to more than 1.5 degrees. The ability to change the angle of inclination of the plate using a nut-screw type device helps to expand the scope of application of the device for mixtures of different density compositions.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig. 1 shows the proposed device, side view; in fig. 2 – top view; in fig. 3 – front view; in fig. 4 – zone displaying the trajectory of movement of particles of a mineral mixture of various densities in front of the first and second transverse partitions.

The vibration concentrator contains a frame consisting of a base 1, on which a plate 2 is installed inclined, one end of which is secured using a nut-screw device 3 with the ability to adjust in height (Fig. 1). The other end of plate 2 is hingedly connected to base 1.

In the center of plate 2 there is an electromagnetic vibration exciter of linear type 4, connected to an alternating voltage source (not shown in Fig. 1).

A concentration element in the form of a steel chute 6 with outer sides 7 is fixed to plate 2 on spring supports 5. The slope of chute 6 corresponds to the slope of plate 2. The upper part of the chute is loading, and the lower part is unloading.

The unloading part of the chute 6 has an L-shaped protrusion in one direction and its end part has no sides. Moreover, it makes up no more than one third of the total length of the gutter and is made with an additional slope towards the protrusion and is divided into two parts by the inner side 8 (Fig. 2).

In the gutter 6, after the transition to the L-shaped protrusion, the first transverse partition 9 is made so that its ends are connected to the outer side 7 and the inner side 8. In the area of its articulation with the inner side 8, the first slot-like passage 10 is made. In the L-shaped protrusion of the gutter 6 behind the inner side 8 a second transverse partition 11 is made so that its edges are connected to the sides 7 and 8, and in the area of its junction with the outer side 7 a second slot-like passage 12 is made. The first transverse partition 9 and the second transverse partition 11 are made at an angle to the inner side 8 towards the L-shaped protrusion and the unloading part of the chute 6, and the height of the first partition 9 is greater than the height of the second 11 (Fig. 3). The heights of the outer sides 7 and the inner side 8 are at least two heights of the first transverse partition 9.

The inclination of the adjustable platform 2 is at least 1.5 degrees to the base 1.

A hopper 13 with a mineral mixture is installed above the loading end of the chute 6.

The vibration concentrator works as follows.

Pre-prepared mineral raw materials containing particles of different densities are supplied from the loading hopper 13 to the loading end of the chute 6. From an alternating current source (not shown), a variable frequency voltage equal to the mechanical resonance frequency is supplied to the windings of the electromagnetic vibration exciter 4. The voltage value is regulated, starting from the minimum and increasing. In this case, under the influence of the disturbing force of electromagnetic attraction, the steel trench 6 oscillates. Oscillations of the inclined chute 6 affect the particles of mineral raw materials, causing them to move towards the discharge end. As the particles move along the chute 6 until the beginning of its L-shaped protrusion, the particles acquire established stable trajectories with different amplitudes (Fig. 4), and the amplitudes of particles with a higher density 14 exceed the amplitudes of particles with lower densities 15 and 16. With a gradual increase in the voltage value source, there is a gradual increase in the amplitudes of the particle trajectories to values when particles with a higher density, having reached a certain zone in front of the first transverse partition 9, overcome it. Such particles form the first screening. Due to their proximity to the partition 9, some of the particles of the first screening are not able to overcome it. However, due to the additional inclination of the L-shaped protrusion of the chute 6, these particles move towards the additional inclination and the distance between them and the partition 9 increases, creating conditions for them to overcome the partition 9. The increase in the distance is ensured by making the transverse partition 9 at an angle to the sides in the direction of the G- shaped protrusion of the chute 6. Particles with a density lower than the density of the particles of the first screening, unable to overcome the first partition 9, move towards the L-shaped protrusion of the chute 6 and through the first slot-like passage 10 fall on the protruding part of the L-shaped protrusion of the chute 6. protruding part of the L-shaped protrusion of the chute 6, the process of interaction of particles with the chute 6 occurs by analogy with the particles of the first screening, as a result of which particles with a lower density 15 are separated, constituting the particles of the second screening. Particles 16 that did not overcome the second partition 11 move towards the additional slope of the L-shaped protrusion of the chute 6 and are discharged through the second slot-like passage 12, forming particles of the third screening.

Claims (1)

A vibration concentrator containing a loading device, a vibration exciter, a frame with a base, a concentration element in the form of a steel chute with outer sides, inclined from the upper loading part to the lower unloading part, mounted on spring supports with the ability to change the frequency and amplitude of vibrations, characterized in that it is equipped with an inclined a plate installed on the base of the frame, one end of the plate is fixed to the base using a nut-screw device with the ability to adjust in height, and the other end of the plate is hingedly connected to the base, in the center of the plate there is a vibration exciter made of an electromagnetic linear type, wherein the concentration element fixed on spring supports on the plate and made in the unloading part, constituting no more than one third of the total length of the chute, with an L-shaped protrusion in one direction, and the L-shaped protrusion of the chute is made with an additional slope towards the protrusion and is divided into two parts by the inner side , while in the area of the L-shaped protrusion on one side of the inner side there is a first transverse partition, which is connected at its ends to the outer and inner sides, and in the area of its articulation with the inner side a first slot-like passage is made, on the other side of the inner side there is a second transverse a partition connected at its ends to the inner side and another outer side, and in the area of its junction with the other outer side a second slot-like passage is made, the first and second transverse partitions are made at an angle to the inner side of the gutter towards the L-shaped protrusion and the discharge part of the gutter, Moreover, the height of the first partition is greater than the height of the second.