RU2813277C1 - Separator for cleaning grain samples obtained during testing of combine harvesters - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: grain sample cleaning separator for determining grain losses when testing grain harvesters contains a housing made in the form of four detachable blocks (1, 4, 15 and 18). The first block (1), in which impurities are removed from the sample, has a handle (3). A sieve (6) is installed in the body of the second block (4), made in the shape of a truncated cone with a slope angleα =30… 55° with a mesh surface on the side and a smaller cone base. Adjacent to the sieve (6) from below is a plate (7), also made in the shape of a truncated cone and having a similar slope angle, in which twelve hollow and twelve perforated sectors are located on the side surface, and the smaller and larger bases of the cone are hollow. Adjacent to the smaller base of the plate cone (7) is the smaller base of the movable damper (8), forming a nozzle space. The movable damper (8) is also made in the shape of a truncated cone with an inclination angleβ =50° to the horizon, on the lateral surface of which there are six hollow and six blind sectors, and the smaller and larger bases of the cone are hollow. The movable damper (8) rotates along the surface of the fixed damper, made in the shape of a truncated cone with an inclination angleβ =50° to the horizon, on the lateral surface of which there are six hollow and six blind sectors, and the smaller and larger bases of the cone are hollow. The movement of the movable damper (8) relative to the fixed damper (9) and the change in air flow capacity occurs by moving the handle with a mark, which corresponds to the calibration scale indicating Min, Max and intermediate divisions printed on the body (5) of the second block (4). Between the body (5) of the second block (4), the arches of the plate (7) and the movable and fixed dampers (8 and 9) a lateral space of different-power air flows is formed. A fan (16) with a speed control unit (17) is installed in the housing of the third block (15). In the housing of the fourth block (18), a battery (20) is installed using a latch (19), which powers the fan (16).

EFFECT: improving the reliability of experiments and reducing the duration of separation of the resulting sample.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods and means for monitoring the quality of operation of grain harvesters when tested under real operating conditions.

The main indicator that determines the quality of the technological process performed by a grain harvester in accordance with GOST 28301-2015 is the determination of grain losses.

To determine the total grain losses behind the combine, it is necessary to take samples using samplers during the control shift. After the combine passes, samplers are collected and grain is separated from the samples. Separating grain from impurities is carried out manually or using a special separator.

A grain cleaning device is known, used in determining the losses of the combine harvester RU 122829 U1 (clause RU 122829, IPC A01D 75/00, 2012), which contains a housing with a mesh element and a fan placed in it. Under the action of a jet of air created by a fan, light impurities are blown out, and the grain remains on the mesh element. The fan is designed with the ability to regulate the speed, and the mesh can be replaced with a mesh with a different cell size.

A separator for cleaning grain samples during express assessment of combine harvesters is also known (clause RU 193716, IPC G05F 3/02, 2019), which includes a fan electrically driven from a 12 V battery, and equipped with a speed controller for adjustment air flow speed.

The disadvantages of the above-mentioned device and separator include the fact that there is no possibility of regulating the air flow to different zones of the mesh or sieve without changing the fan speed. At the same time, in certain areas of the mesh and sieve, the likelihood of grain being blown out along with straw particles increases, which leads to a distortion of the final result.

A ventilation damper for multi-storey buildings (its variants) is known (clause RU 2103617, IPC F24F 13/06, 1998) including a housing installed in a natural supply and exhaust ventilation system, and dampers that are fixed in the housing with the ability to rotate one relative to the other, the holes are shaped like sectors.

In this ventilation damper, noteworthy are the dampers, which provide regulation of the area of the exhaust opening for uniform distribution of air flow.

A known separator for cleaning grain samples obtained during testing of grain harvesting machines (clause RU 2763602, IPC A07D 41/00, 2021), in which the upper section is equipped with a sieve holder, a turner and a retainer with an axis on which the sieve and turner are mounted.

The disadvantages of the separator include the fact that the layers of the processed sample are mixed mechanically with a agitator on a flat sieve. In this case, pneumatic mixing of the layers of the processed sample is not used, which helps to intensify the blowing of straw particles, which leads to an increase in the duration of separation of the resulting sample.

A known pneumatic mixer for bulk materials (item SU 1810092 A1, MPK B01F 5/24, 1993), containing a vertical cylindrical body with a conical bottom made in the form of a non-crash air distribution grid, a manifold for compressed air, an additional means for supplying compressed air , located in the cylindrical part of the housing, is equipped with a device for air distribution, the collector is made in the form of separate sectors connected to the said device, an additional means of air supply is made in the form of nozzles, and the air distribution grille is equipped with elements for regulating the open section.

In this pneumatic mixer for bulk materials, noteworthy is the conical bottom, made in the form of a collapse-free air distribution grille, and the air distribution grille, which is equipped with elements for adjusting the open area.

The closest technical solution, chosen as a prototype, is a separator for cleaning grain samples to evaluate the operation of harvesting machines (clause RU 2752054, MPK V 07 V 9/00, 2021), which has a cylindrical shape and is made in the form of three collapsible sections: in the lower section, which is the base, batteries are located, in the central section there is a fan and a speed controller located in the control unit located on the section body, and in the upper section, made in the form of a container for grain samples, there is a sieve, while the upper section is equipped with a sieve holder, an agitator and a clamp with an axis on which the sieve and agitator are mounted, the central section is equipped with a fan holder and a bottom, and the lower one is equipped with a battery holder and a limiter, in the upper part of the bodies of the lower and middle sections there are grooves for fastening adjacent sections, and in the lower part of adjacent sections there are guide grooves.

The disadvantages of the separator include the inability to pneumatically mix the layers of the sample being processed.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is aimed is to increase the reliability of experiments in determining the quality of operation of grain harvesters when tested under real operating conditions, and the possibility of reducing the duration of separation of the resulting sample.

The technical result is to increase the reliability of the experiments and reduce the duration of separation of the resulting sample.

The technical result is achieved by a separator for cleaning grain samples to determine grain losses when testing grain harvesters, while its body is made in the form of four detachable blocks: in the first block, in which impurities are removed from the sample, a handle is made, in the body of the second block there is a sieve made in in the shape of a truncated cone with a slope angle α=30...55°, with a mesh surface on the side and a smaller base of the cone, a plate is adjacent to the sieve from below, also made in the shape of a truncated cone and having a similar slope angle, in which twelve hollow and twelve perforated sectors, and the smaller and larger bases of the cone are hollow, while the smaller base of the plate cone is adjacent to the smaller base of the movable damper, forming a nozzle space, the movable damper is also made in the form of a truncated cone with a slope angle β = 50° to the horizon, on the side on the surface of which there are six hollow and six blind sectors, and the smaller and larger bases of the cone are hollow, while the movable damper rotates along the surface of the stationary damper, made in the shape of a truncated cone with a slope angle β = 50° to the horizon, on the side surface of which six hollow and six blind sectors, and the smaller and larger bases of the cone are hollow, while the movement of the movable damper relative to the fixed damper and the change in air flow capacity occurs by moving the handle with a mark, which corresponds to the calibration scale indicating “Min”, “Max” and intermediate divisions marked on the body of the second block, while a lateral space of different-power air flows is formed between the body of the second block, the arches of the plate and the movable and fixed dampers; a fan with a speed control unit is installed in the case of the third block; a battery is installed in the case of the fourth block by means of a latch , feeding the fan. The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In fig. 1 shows a general view of the separator for cleaning grain samples obtained during testing of combine harvesters; in fig. 2 - section A - A; in fig. 3 - section B - B; in fig. 4 - view B.

The separator for cleaning grain samples obtained during testing of combine harvesters is divided into four blocks according to functional characteristics.

To remove impurities from the sample and facilitate transportation, the first block 1 is used, which consists of a pipe 2 and a handle 3.

The second block 4 is intended for sample separation and control of this process. This block consists of a housing 5, which houses a sieve 6, a plate 7, a movable valve 8 and a fixed valve 9. On the housing 5 there is a calibration scale 10 indicating Min, Max and intermediate divisions .

Sieve 6 is made in the shape of a truncated cone with a slope angle α=30...55°, in which the mesh surface is located on the side and smaller base of the cone.

Plate 7, like sieve 6, is made in the form of a truncated one and has a similar slope angle, in which twelve hollow and twelve perforated sectors are located on the side surface, and the smaller and larger bases of the cone are hollow.

The movable damper 8 is made in the shape of a truncated cone with a slope angle β=50°, in which six hollow and six blind sectors are located on the side surface, and the smaller and larger bases of the cone are hollow. The movable valve 8 is moved using the handle 11, on which the mark 12 is applied.

The fixed damper 9 is made in the shape of a truncated cone with a slope angle β=50°, in which six hollow and six blind sectors are located on the side surface, and the smaller and larger bases of the cone are hollow.

The radii of the smaller bases of the cones of the sieve 6, plate 7, movable damper 8 and fixed damper 9 must be the same. This will allow, by placing a movable damper 8 and a fixed damper 9 in the lower part of the housing 5 with the smaller bases of the cones upward, to obtain a nozzle space 13 for supplying air in a single stream to the surface of the smaller base of the sieve 6 cone. Next, placing the sieve 6 and the smaller plate 7 in the housing 5 with the bases of the cones down, obtain a side space 14, from which the air that has passed through twelve hollow and twelve perforated sectors of the plate 7, in the form of jets of varying power, falls on the side surface of the sieve cone 6.

To supply and control the air flow, a third block 15 is used, inside of which a fan 16 is located, and on the side there is a fan speed control unit 17.

To install the fan power supply elements, a fourth block 18 is used, to the bottom of which a battery 20 is attached using a clamp 19.

The separation process for cleaning grain samples to evaluate the performance of harvesting machines is as follows.

Samplers are placed on the registration plot before the passage of the combine harvester. After the combine has passed the counting plot, the contents of the samplers are collected and placed in containers with the appropriate labels. The containers are transferred to the grain sample purification separator.

Setting up the separator. To do this, the movable damper 8 is installed so that the blind sectors of the movable damper 8 maximally overlap the hollow sectors on the side surface of the fixed damper 9.

This corresponds to the coincidence of mark 12 on handle 11 with the Max division on the graduation scale 10. In this case, the fan speed control unit 17 must be set to the minimum speed of fan 16.

The samples are poured one by one into sieve 6 of the separator. Turn on the power of the fan 16, and smoothly turning the regulator on the fan speed control unit 17 in the direction of increasing the air flow speed, pneumatic mixing of the layers of the processed sample is achieved by supplying air in a single flow to the surface of the smaller base of the cone and tilting the side surface of the sieve 6. In this case, from samples should be blown out of impurities without removing grain. If the process of mixing the layers of the processed sample is not observed and stagnant zones form on sieve 6, then turn the movable damper 8 until mark 12 on handle 11 coincides with the next intermediate division from Max to Min on the calibration scale 10 and additionally increase the air flow speed using the regulator fan speed control unit 17. With these adjustments we achieve pneumatic mixing of the layers of the processed sample on sieve 6 and blowing out impurities without removing grain.

The use of this design, due to the possibility of regulating the air flow to different zones of the sieve and pneumatic mixing of the layers of the processed sample, will increase the reliability of the experiments and reduce the duration of separation of the resulting sample.

The technical result is to increase the reliability of the experiments and reduce the duration of separation of the resulting sample.

Claims (1)

Separator for cleaning grain samples to determine grain losses when testing combine harvesters, characterized in that its body is made in the form of four detachable blocks: in the first block, in which impurities are removed from the sample, there is a handle, in the body of the second block there is a sieve made in the form a truncated cone with a slope angle α=30...55° with a mesh surface on the side and a smaller base of the cone, while a plate is adjacent to the sieve from below, also made in the shape of a truncated cone and having a similar slope angle, in which twelve hollow and twelve perforated sectors, and the smaller and larger bases of the cone are hollow, while the smaller base of the plate cone is adjacent to the smaller base of the movable damper, forming a nozzle space, the movable damper is also made in the form of a truncated cone with a slope angle β = 50° to the horizon, on the side on the surface of which there are six hollow and six blind sectors, and the smaller and larger bases of the cone are hollow, while the movable damper rotates along the surface of the stationary damper, made in the shape of a truncated cone with a slope angle β = 50° to the horizon, on the side surface of which six hollow and six blind sectors, and the smaller and larger bases of the cone are hollow, while the movement of the movable damper relative to the fixed damper and the change in air flow capacity occurs by moving the handle with a mark, which corresponds to the calibration scale indicating “Min”, “Max” and intermediate divisions marked on the body of the second block, while a lateral space of different-power air flows is formed between the body of the second block, the arches of the plate and the movable and fixed dampers; a fan with a speed control unit is installed in the case of the third block; a battery is installed in the case of the fourth block by means of a latch , feeding the fan.

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