RU2752054C1 - Grain sample cleaning separator for evaluating the work of harvesting machines - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to means of assessing the quality of work of harvesting machines. A separator for cleaning grain samples when determining grain losses for evaluating the operation of harvesting machines is proposed, which is made in the form of three collapsible sections, batteries are placed in the lower section, a fan and a speed controller are installed in the central section, located in the control unit located on the section body, and a sieve is placed in the upper section. Also, the upper section is equipped with a sieve holder, a stirrer and a lock with an axis on which the sieve and the stirrer are mounted, and the outer side of the upper section body is equipped with a level rigidly fixed on the handle. The central section is equipped with a fan holder, a bottom and a handle for transporting the separator, fixed on the outside. The lower one is a battery lock and a limiter. In the upper part of the bodies of the lower and middle sections, there are grooves for fixing adjacent sections, and in the lower part of the adjacent sections there are reciprocal guides.

EFFECT: invention provides efficiency when used.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods and means for assessing the quality of the threshing and separating devices of combine harvesters when tested in real operating conditions.

One of the main indicators for assessing the quality of the technological process of the threshing-separating device of the combine is the determination of the maximum permissible level of grain loss regulated by GOST 28301-2015 at the level of 1.5%.

To determine the total loss of grain (behind the header, thresher and grinder-spreader), samples are taken after the combine during the control shift by using samplers in tenfold repetition, observing the randomization in time.

The purification of the samples taken from the samplers from impurities is carried out manually or using a special separator. A device for separating grain from impurities in the samples obtained is known - a grain loss separator PM-221 with a manual drive.

The disadvantage of the known design of the device is that the separator RM-221 has large dimensions and weight, the fan for creating an air flow has a manual drive. Cleaning grain samples is cumbersome and time consuming to obtain results.

It is also known a device used for cleaning grain samples when carrying out an express assessment of combine harvesters (p. RU 193716, IPC G 05 F 3 | 02, A 01 D 41/00, 2019), having a cylindrical shape, including a container for placing processed grain samples in it, a fan that creates an air flow for separating weed impurities and a battery, characterized in that the middle part is tightly put on top of the lower section with the battery, which is the base, having an annular expansion in the lower part, containing a fan inside and a speed regulator, into which the lower half of the container for processed grain samples is tightly inserted from above, the upper half of which is rigidly fixed in the third, uppermost, part of the device. Prototype.

The disadvantage of the known device is that when performing the technological process, the threshing products collected during testing from the sampler, poured onto the grate, fall into the working space in a large mass, and thus it is necessary to increase the fan speed for better cleaning and blowing. At the same time, together with the strawy particles, the grain is blown out, which leads to a distortion of the final result obtained.

The technical objective of the invention is to increase the reliability of the experiments when carrying out a comparative assessment of combine harvesters, their adjustment and testing in real economic conditions, the possibility of reducing the duration of the separation of the resulting heap and reducing the share of manual labor.

To ensure the set technical task in the separator for the implementation of the method of cleaning grain samples when determining the loss of grain to assess the operation of harvesting machines, having a cylindrical shape, made in the form of three collapsible sections, batteries are located in the lower section, which is the base, and a fan is installed in the central section and a speed controller located in the control unit located on the section body, and in the upper section, made in the form of a container for grain samples, a sieve is placed, according to the invention, the upper section is equipped with a sieve holder, a turner and a lock with an axis on which the sieve is mounted and agitator, the outer side of the upper section housing is equipped with a level rigidly fixed to the handle, the central section is equipped with a fan holder, a bottom and a separator transport handle, fixed on the outside, and the lower one - with a battery lock and stopper, in the upper part of the lower and middle sections grooves for cr heating of adjacent sections, and in the lower part of adjacent sections, counter guides.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a general view of a separator for cleaning grain samples; in fig. 2 - the same, collapsible.

The separator for cleaning grain samples for evaluating the work of harvesting machines is collapsible and consists of three integral sections. In the upper section 1 of the separation of losses, made in the form of a container, samples of grain with impurities are placed from the sampler. The central section 2 for controlling the separation process and the lower section 3 for powering the working elements. Before work, the sections are assembled into a single whole.

In the upper section 1 there is a sieve 4, a sieve holder 5, a turner 6 for turning the processed samples during the separation process. An independent level 7 is rigidly fixed to the handle 8 on the outer part of the body. It provides horizontal installation of the cleaning separator on a plane, which allows obtaining more reliable research results. The agitator 6 is driven by the action of a human hand (not shown) on the handle 8 and the reverse action of the spring 9. From falling when unloading cleaned samples, the sieve 4 and the agitator 6 are held by the lock 10 mounted on the rotation axis of the agitator 6.

In the central section 2 there is a fan 11 with a holder 12 to create the necessary air flow and a handle for easy transportation 13, fixed on the outer side of the section 2. On the side of its body there is a control unit 14, consisting of a speed controller of the MP303F type and a toggle switch for turning the fan on / off ... The speed controller is designed to adjust the air flow rate and is made with an electric drive from a battery with a supply voltage of 12V. Section 2 has a bottom 15 at the bottom, which protects the lower section 3 from debris.

In the lower part of section 3, batteries 16 are installed, for example, a rechargeable battery. The battery 16 is attached to the bottom by means of stops 17 and locks 18, which prevent its free movement during operation.

In the upper part of the housings of the lower 3 and middle 2 sections, grooves 19 are made for fastening adjacent sections. At the bottom of the adjacent sections 1 and 2, there are counter guides 20.

The process of separation and cleaning of grain samples for evaluating the work of harvesting machines is as follows.

Before the grain harvester passes through the accounting plot, samplers are placed in the unmown grain stand according to the developed method. After the harvester passes the registration plot, the contents of the samplers are placed in containers with appropriate labels and transferred to the separation site for cleaning grain samples and weighing them.

Collect the separator. To do this, the central section 2 is tightly put on the lower section 3 with the batteries from above by turning around the axis until it stops, thanks to the grooves 19 and the counter guides 20. The central 2 and the upper 1 sections are connected in a similar way.

The obtained samples are poured alternately into the upper part of section 1 in which a sieve 4 is installed for cleaning the samples. The knob of the fan speed controller 11 is moved to the Min position. The toggle switch (not shown in the figure) on the control unit turns on the power to the separator and, smoothly turning the fan speed regulator 11 towards Max , achieve the optimal air flow required to remove trash from the sample being processed.

The presence of the agitator 6 in the upper removable section 1 of the separator provides a several times reduction in the labor intensity of the work performed, and a reduction in the time for parsing (analysis) of grain samples. The use of a collapsible structure with fastening grooves ensures its quick disassembly and facilitates its transportation.

The use of the device will increase the reliability of the experiments due to the high-quality cleaning of the obtained samples during the comparative assessment of combine harvesters, their adjustment during testing in real economic conditions, reduces the duration of the separation of the received heap and reduces the proportion of manual labor.

Claims (1)

The separator for the implementation of the method of cleaning grain samples in determining the loss of grain for evaluating the operation of harvesting machines, which has a cylindrical shape, is made in the form of three collapsible sections, in the lower section, which is the base, batteries are located, in the central section there is a fan and a speed controller a control unit located on the section body, and in the upper section, made in the form of a container for grain samples, a sieve is placed, characterized in that the upper section is equipped with a sieve holder, a turner and a lock with an axis on which a sieve and a turner are mounted, the outer side of the body the upper section is equipped with a level rigidly fixed to the handle, the central section is equipped with a fan holder, a bottom and a separator transportation handle, fixed on the outside, and the lower one - with a battery lock and a stopper, grooves are made in the upper part of the housings of the lower and middle sections for attaching adjacent sections , and at the bottom of the adjacent sections th - reciprocal guides.

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