RU2810406C1 - Method of performing breathing exercises - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods of healing, and can be used for rehabilitation and increasing the functionality of the body. The essence of the invention lies in the fact that a set of controlled parameters of the human body and their target values are specified. A series of breathing exercises is performed, where each breathing exercise in the series is performed simultaneously with listening to a piece of music, using elements of the vocal apparatus to sound at least an exhalation, and when performing a breathing exercise, the number of breaths is set to be close to or equal to the tempo of the piece of music being listened to, and the ratio of the duration of exhalation and inhalation are set close to or equal to the rhythm of the musical piece being listened to. After performing each breathing exercise in a series, the values of the controlled parameters are measured and compared with the target values, and based on the comparison results, the duration of the breathing exercises is adjusted, consistently achieving the target values during their implementation.

EFFECT: method ensures increased efficiency of the process of healing of the human body due to the harmonious combination of various exercises into a single complex.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine, methods of healing, and can be used for rehabilitation and increasing the functionality of the body.

There is a known method of improving the health of the human body by correcting the psycho-emotional state of a person using musical compositions containing at least one period and having relatively unchanged tempo, meter rhythm and tonality within the given composition (see RU 2033818 C1, publ., 04/30/1995).

The disadvantage of this known method is the lack of a complex effect on the body. The method does not involve simultaneous effects on the respiratory and motor spheres of life (does not involve the connection of somatic spheres of life), which does not allow dosed regulation of the cardio-respiratory processes of the body, without providing a combined effect on the cardio-respiratory, motor, vocal-speech and cognitive spheres.

In this case, control is exercised only over the psycho-emotional state.

There is a known method of improving the health of the human body by performing breathing exercises (see RU 2203645 C2, publ., 05/10/2003).

The known method consists of separately performed breathing exercises and separate physical exercises (at the end of the preparatory stage), which are carried out in different, non-regulated tempo rhythms, which does not allow dosed regulation of the body’s cardio-respiratory processes, ensuring an eurhythmic relationship between breathing and heartbeat.

Also, this type of healing (breathing exercises and movements) cannot be effectively used in childhood, since it lacks the emotional component necessary in children's activities. At the same time, there is no control over the condition of the student.

The closest analogue of the claimed method is a method for improving the health of the human body, which includes a set of physical exercises, poses and movements performed to musical accompaniment. In this case, choreographic combinations and strength sports exercises are performed sequentially, and the implementation of the latter is always preceded by a choreographic combination (see RU 2454983 C1, publ., 07/10/2012).

This invention is a set of movements to music, reminiscent of rhythmic gymnastics. However, the method does not imply a regulated effect on the respiratory system and vocal apparatus, a strict ratio of the breathing rate and the tempo of a musical piece, which does not allow precise regulation of the change in the oxidation cycle, and therefore cannot provide a process of dosed regulation of the activity of the body's cardio-respiratory system. At the same time, there is no control over the condition of the student.

The technical problem solved by the claimed invention is to provide a comprehensive health effect on the human body through dosed regulation of the activity of the body's cardio-respiratory system, as well as through the harmonious combination of various exercises into a single complex, in particular, the combination of at least breathing exercises and rhythmic movements carried out with a given rhythm, voicing breathing, as well as listening to a piece of music. The effectiveness of this effect exceeds the sum of the effects of separately applied methods of influence on different parts of the body.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the healing process of the human body through precise regulation of the parameters of the respiratory cycle and, accordingly, the oxidation cycle specified by the piece of music being listened to. The set of actions performed during the implementation of breathing exercises, carried out at a given tempo and with the sound of breathing, rhythmic movements, leads to a synergistic effect, which consists not only in a significant increase in the process of physical healing, but also in improving the psychophysical and emotional state, that is, in comprehensive healing a person in which these components of the process have a mutual positive influence.

The stated technical problem is solved and the technical result is achieved by setting a set of controlled parameters of the human body and their target values, performing a series of breathing exercises, where each breathing exercise in the series is performed simultaneously with listening to a piece of music, voicing using elements of the vocal apparatus, at least , exhalation, and when performing a breathing exercise, the number of breaths is set close to or equal to the tempo of the musical piece being listened to, and the ratio of the duration of exhalation and inhalation is set close to or equal to the rhythm of the musical piece being listened to, and after performing each breathing exercise in the series, the values of the controlled parameters are measured and compared with target values, and based on the comparison results, the duration of breathing exercises is adjusted, consistently achieving target values in the process of their implementation.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the exercise mode can be changed depending on the age of the student, while age groups of students are formed by determining the boundaries of the age range for each group, and for each age group the tempo of the musical piece being listened to is assigned.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that they can determine the range of recommended values for the number of breaths per minute, the duration of the sounded exhalation and the ratio of the duration of exhalation and inhalation for each age group.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that they can change the pitch of the sound emitted during the process of rhythmic breathing, carrying out the vibrational effect of sound waves on a given part of the body of the student.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that they can change the depth of breathing, controlling the volume of the breathing sound.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that sound formation can be achieved by singing at a tempo corresponding to the tempo of the musical piece being listened to.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that, depending on the measurement results, the values of the controlled parameters can change the piece of music being listened to.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the process of performing a breathing exercise they can walk at a frequency of steps corresponding to the tempo of the piece of music being listened to, providing additional physical stress on the body of the student.

The technical result is also achieved in that steps can be performed by elastic repulsion from the supporting surface.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that they can control the ratio of the number of steps and respiratory cycles, while in the process of training they achieve the recommended value of the ratio of heartbeats to the number of breaths per minute, close to the eurythmic one (4: 1 - for four heartbeats - one breath).

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the process of walking they can perform exercises with their hands.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that hand movements can be carried out using support sticks.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that strength and breathing simulators can be used.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the exercises can be performed outdoors.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the time of day for carrying out exercises can be set depending on the intensity of ultraviolet solar radiation.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that tests can be generated, including checking selected parameters of the mental, emotional and physical state of the student, based on the analysis of which a conclusion is made about the degree of his recovery.

From the course of physiology of respiration (see, for example, Chapter IV Physiology of respiration, in the book: Georgieva S.A., Belikina N.V., Prokofieva L.I., Korshunov G.V., etc. Human physiology - Moscow : Medicine, 1981, http://www.anfiz.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000020/st026.shtm) it is known that the respiratory cycle consists of inhalation, exhalation and a respiratory pause. Usually the inhalation is shorter than the exhalation. The duration of inhalation in an adult is 0.9-4.7 s, the duration of exhalation is 1.2-6 s. The duration of inhalation and exhalation depends mainly on reflex effects coming from the receptors of the lung tissue. The respiratory pause is a variable part of the respiratory cycle. It varies in duration and may even be absent.

The frequency and depth of breathing is influenced by many factors, in particular the emotional state, mental stress, changes in the chemical composition of the blood, the degree of fitness of the body, the level and intensity of metabolism. The more frequent and deeper the breathing movements, the more oxygen enters the lungs and, accordingly, the greater amount of carbon dioxide is eliminated. Rare and shallow breathing can lead to a lack of oxygen supply to the body's cells and tissues. This in turn is accompanied by a decrease in their functional activity. The frequency and depth of respiratory movements change significantly in pathological conditions of the body, especially in diseases of the respiratory system.

The respiratory cycle involves the respiratory muscles - external intercostal, intercartilaginous and diaphragm muscles. Depending on the predominant participation of the muscles of the chest and diaphragm in the act of inhalation, thoracic, or costal, and abdominal, or diaphragmatic, types of breathing are distinguished. In men, abdominal breathing predominates; in women, thoracic breathing predominates.

In some cases, for example, during physical work, shortness of breath, the act of inhalation may involve the so-called auxiliary muscles - the muscles of the shoulder girdle and neck (pectoral and serratus anterior muscles, sternocleidomastoid).

The claimed method provides precise regulation of the respiratory cycle, regulation of the frequency and depth of respiratory movements with the active involvement in the process of not only the main respiratory muscles, but also the muscles of the shoulder girdle and neck.

The following graphic materials are used in the description.

Figure 1 shows the methodological model of the healing method; Figure 2 shows the basic steps of the method;

Figure 3 shows a table including test items of the “ZDRAVIK” test.

Figure 4 shows the permission of the Federal Service for Surveillance in the Field of Health and Social Development to use a unique testing technology, with the help of which the effectiveness of the health improvement of a person engaged in the method described in this application is assessed;

Figures 5-7 show examples of music and song programs at various tempos (from 98 to 152 beats per minute) used in the implementation of the claimed method.

The claimed method is carried out as follows.

The basic effect of the method is to perform a breathing exercise using elements of the vocal apparatus, voicing at least the exhalation and ensuring the rhythm of breathing. The practical implementation of the method begins with setting a set of controlled parameters of the human body and their target values. Next, when implementing the method, a series of breathing exercises is performed, where each breathing exercise in the series is performed simultaneously with listening to a piece of music, voicing at least an exhalation using elements of the vocal apparatus. The breathing exercise is carried out by setting the number of breaths close to or equal to the tempo of the piece of music being listened to, and the ratio of the duration of exhalation and inhalation close to or equal to the rhythm of the piece of music being listened to. After performing each breathing exercise in a series, the values of the controlled parameters are measured and compared with the target values, and based on the comparison results, the duration of the breathing exercises is adjusted, consistently achieving the target values during their implementation

The method, in fact, is a medical-psychological-pedagogical technology aimed at harmonizing the mental and somatic spheres of life of the human body based on the eurhythmic ratio of basic physiological processes (1:4 ratio of breathing, heartbeat, oxygen release by myoglobin, [1]), provided through voluntary multifunctional activity regulated by a music program. The respiratory cycle is carried out in accordance with a given tempo. Voicing is possible both with the mouth open and with the mouth closed. The rhythm is set by a piece of music with an appropriate musical tempo, which is listened to while performing a breathing exercise. This creates a controlled respiratory load. At the same time, the number of breaths per minute, the duration of the sounded exhalation and the ratio of the duration of exhalation and inhalation are controlled. Based on the measured values of the controlled parameters, the duration of the exercises is determined, consistently achieving the target (recommended) values during their implementation.

The main feature of the basic set of features of the method, specified in the independent paragraph of the formula, is that in the process of performing the exercises, a piece of music is listened to, which has several positive effects on the human body at once.

Firstly, listening to music contributes to the development of musical hearing (rhythmic, intonation, timbre, harmonic).

Secondly, listening to music, through its melodic and harmonic content, increases emotional tone (musical modeling of emotions [2]). At the same time, the student’s mood improves and performance increases.

Thirdly, listening to music contributes to the development of the auditory analyzer in a much larger frequency range than spoken speech (from 16 Hz - bass, to 7 kHz - high notes).

Fourthly, music becomes the organizer of the entire healing process, because it is she who sets the tempo of breathing and helps to increase emotional tone, and with further health-improving actions described in the dependent points of the method, she determines the figurative-semantic and motor program.

The second feature of the basic set of features of the method is that while listening to a piece of music, a breathing exercise is performed. At the same time, arrhythmic breathing is ensured in accordance with a given rhythm, and the rhythm is set by a piece of music with an appropriate musical tempo.”

The rhythmicity of breathing is that the number of respiratory cycles per minute is equal to ¼ of the musical tempo. For example, with a music tempo of 120 beats per minute using a metronome, 30 breathing cycles are performed (one breathing cycle per 4 beats per minute). This respiratory rate (RR) is 70-80% higher than the normal breathing rate of an adult at rest.

Activation of the respiratory rate causes activation of tissue metabolism, without activating the activity of the heart muscle (without increasing the heart rate - heart rate).

The third feature of the basic set of features of the method is that rhythmic breathing at the tempo of music is performed “with the use of elements of the vocal apparatus, voicing at least the exhalation.” This element helps to transform the innate unconditioned reflex mechanism of the breathing process into a conditioned reflex mechanism, i.e. breathing is transferred under the control of consciousness, with the inclusion of a biofeedback mechanism: the characteristic of the emitted sound allows a person to dose-regulate the depth of the respiratory cycle (sound volume - in dB), the vibration frequency of the voice (sound pitch - in Hz), the ratio of the duration of inhalation and exhalation (number of beats metronome for inhalation and exhalation).

The fourth feature of the basic set of features of the method is that when performing exercises, “the number of breaths per minute, the duration of the sounded exhalation and the ratio of the duration of exhalation and inhalation are controlled.” This element helps to increase the body’s tolerance (tolerance) both to excess oxygen - to “hyperoxic tolerance”, which occurs due to an increase in the respiratory rate per minute, and to a lack of oxygen - to “hypoxic tolerance”, which occurs due to prolongation of exhalation.

The fifth feature of the basic set of features of the method is that when performing the method, “based on the measured values of the controlled parameters, the duration of the exercises is determined, consistently achieving the recommended values in the process of their implementation.”

This element is carried out by conducting several express tests before and after classes (Lazarev’s cardiorespiratory test):

• The resting heart rate and respiratory rate (HR and resting RR) are measured.

• The ratio of the number of heart beats and the number of breaths per minute is assessed, with a focus on the ideal ratio of 4:1 (one breath per four heart beats).

• The duration of the sounded exhalation at rest is measured in seconds by pronouncing the sound “M” with the mouth closed: a) - at rest, b) while walking, at a walking pace of 120 steps per minute.

• The maximum amount of squatting is measured in 30 seconds with the hands locked behind the head, the legs maximally bent at the knee joints, without lifting the heels from the floor.

• Mathematical processing of the received data is carried out, with an assessment of the final result.

The actions described above, carried out when implementing the claimed method, make it possible to ensure the process of human healing as a result of a complex physical and psycho-emotional effect on the body.

Connecting additional actions described in the dependent clauses of the formula to the basic method also harmoniously enhances the effect of healing the body.

So, depending on the age of the student, the exercise regime is adjusted. Age groups of students are formed in advance, defining the boundaries of the age range for each group, and for each age group the tempo of the musical piece being listened to is assigned.

In particular:

• For a group of 5-14 years old - 125-130 beats per minute.

• For groups: 15-29 years old, the recommended music tempo is 120-125 beats per minute) - (tempo decreases);

• For people of the middle age group (from 30 to 59 years old), the music tempo is recommended at 115-120 beats per minute using a metronome (the tempo decreases);

• For people in the older age group (from 60 to 75 years old), the music tempo is recommended at 120-125 beats per minute using a metronome (the tempo increases);

• For pregnant women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (special category, age from 18 to 45 years), the recommended music tempo is 90 - 110 beats per minute.

In addition, for each age group, as well as for the group of pregnant women, certain values for the number of breaths per minute are recommended, as well as the duration of the sounded exhalation and the ratio of the duration of exhalation and inhalation.

By changing the pitch of the sound emitted during rhythmic breathing, the vibrational effect of sound waves is exerted on a given part of the student’s body. Thus, the influence of a certain frequency of sound on a particular human organ is known [3].

By changing the depth of breathing, the volume of the breathing sound is controlled (measured in dB: 25-30 - quiet, 35-45 - quite noisy, 50-55 - clearly audible, 60-75 - noisy, 85-95 - very noisy, 100-115 - extremely noisy).

To enhance the healing effect, sound production is carried out by singing at a tempo that matches the tempo of the musical piece being listened to.

So, singing has the following effects on the human body:

• improves indicators of vegetative homeostasis (CHI),

• improves memory,

• improves musicality,

• improves diction

• when singing is connected, the movement is performed based on the content of the songs - speech-motor gymnastics is performed

• the vibration effect on the body during singing, taking into account the reproduction of sounds of different heights, helps to improve the drainage function of the lungs (through the process of vibration drainage), with the removal of phlegm residues from the lungs during recovery from colds and bronchopulmonary diseases, in particular, after suffering from Covid-19 19.

In addition, the process of singing, using texts associated with pictures of nature, allows you to connect meditative and speech therapy techniques to the healing process.

In particular, the wellness treatment “Visualization” is carried out.

In all verses and chorus, the main images stand out. For each image, drawings are created (felt-tip pens, colored pencils, gouache, oil paints), which are inserted into a file album and placed in order, indicating the date of each drawing and its name. A book of images is made from these drawings.

Daily viewing of drawings forms an internal picture of song images (visual map), which helps to consolidate the systemic quanta of healthy behavior and the formation of health-improving dynamic stereotypes.

In addition to viewing painted pictures, a meditative technique is performed:

While sitting with your eyes closed, all visual pictures of the song program are played in order.

The meditative technique of visualization acquires particular importance in the autumn-winter period, when viewing a book of images, due to the formed conditioned reflex connections during the period of singing walking in the summer (at sea, in the forest, etc.), evokes in the body a former participant. singing walking, in addition to pleasant memories, has positive trace physiological reactions.

A piece of music can be selected from a list of famous works or created specifically for a specific health program. In this case, it can be replaced with another one, depending on the results of measuring the values of the controlled parameters.

The healing effect is enhanced by walking at a frequency of steps that matches the tempo of the piece of music being listened to, providing additional physical stress on the student’s body. In this case, steps can be carried out by elastic repulsion from the supporting surface.

Performing the steps has the following effects on the body:

• endurance indicators increase

• walking while singing improves blood circulation, microcirculation, which helps improve the respiratory process by enriching cells with oxygen. As a result, brain function improves, which helps improve cognitive processes, in particular memory improvement

• when walking over rough terrain, an additional load occurs, both on the musculoskeletal system and on the cardiorespiratory system.

When connecting to the walking healing process, the ratio of the number of steps and respiratory cycles is controlled, while during the exercises they achieve the eurhythmic ratio of heartbeats to the number of breaths per minute - 4:1 (for 4 heartbeats - one breath), taking into account the pace of walking and pace music recommended for a given age group based on age-specific heart rate indicators.

When implementing the method, it is taken into account that the ratio of the number of heartbeats to the number of breaths is the same for all ages (for 4 heartbeats - one breath), but the tempo of the music changes with age, due to a gradual change in the pulse:

Approximate age-related heart rate values:

Up to 5 years - 100 beats per minute

Up to 10 years - 90-95 beats per minute

Up to 20 years - 65-75 beats per minute

From 20 to 55 years old - 65 - 80 beats per minute

From 55 to 60 years old - 70-85 beats per minute

From 60 to 70 years and older - 70-90 beats per minute and higher [4].

With the further development of the healing method, the walking process is supplemented with hand exercises, in particular, hand movements are carried out using support sticks.

Performing additional exercises with your hands allows you to activate the cardio-respiratory system, connecting auxiliary muscles to the breathing process - the muscles of the shoulder girdle and neck (pectoral and serratus anterior muscles, sternocleidomastoid).

In addition, strength and breathing machines are additionally used.

In particular, an elastic breathing corset has been developed to increase the strength of the respiratory muscles (inspiratory muscles) and activate diaphragmatic breathing.

Technique for applying a corset. The circumference of the chest is measured in the area of the lower ribs in a state of half-exhalation. A rubber medical bandage (“Martens rubber bandage”) is being prepared, the length of which should be slightly larger than the circumference of the chest. A mark is made on the outside of the bandage at a distance of 3/4 of the circle. The practitioner exhales deeply and holds his breath. At this moment, a corset is applied to the area of the lower ribs, the length of which is adjusted to the prepared mark. After tensioning the corset, it is tied from the back with a bow.

Note. The elastic breathing trainer should not be used after eating. The maximum time for applying the corset is 5-7 minutes.

The use of support sticks and exercise equipment has the following effects on the body:

• improves hand dynamometry indicators

• the respiratory corset improves the indicators of external respiration function due to the additional load on the inspiratory muscles.

Exercising outdoors significantly improves a person’s healing process. At the same time, the most favorable time of day for carrying out exercises is determined depending on the intensity of ultraviolet solar radiation.

To objectively assess the health status of students, tests are formed (“battery” of tests), including checking selected parameters of the mental, emotional and physical state of the student, based on the analysis of which a conclusion is made about the degree of his health.

Thus, the basis of the claimed method is the following provisions:

• The general integral organizer of the entire healing process is music, which is carried out in the form of listening, singing, and musical-rhythmic movement. At the same time, listening and performing music (singing and moving to music) carries not only emotional and motor components, but also a cognitive component, since the cognitive process (the content of songs) is activated and memory is trained. Also, when singing songs, the speech apparatus develops. In addition, music has an educational component. Thus, the method involves, in particular, the use of music at a tempo of 120 beats per minute, which is mainly characteristic of anthem-march music. This music, with appropriate content, contributes to the formation of civil patriotic feelings, i.e. education or socialization of the individual.

Thus, listening and singing musical compositions during recovery contributes to both the optimization of the functional status (respiratory sphere, emotions, movements) and the development of the main types of intelligence (within the framework of G. Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences [5]): musical, motor , artistic (images of songs), linguistic, cognitive, personal and interpersonal.

• Breathing with the help of vocal sound is transferred under the control of consciousness - musical-sound psychoregulation of breathing.

• When singing is activated, vibration processes, emotional reactions, cognitive activity, in particular memory, and the speech apparatus are activated.

• When singing is involved, movements are made based on the content of the songs - speech-motor gymnastics are performed.

• Walking while singing improves blood circulation, microcirculation, which helps improve the respiratory process by enriching cells with oxygen. As a result, brain function improves, which helps improve cognitive processes, in particular memory improvement.

• Singing allows for vibration drainage of the bronchopulmonary tree when playing vocal sounds of different heights (frequency in Hz):

From note TO major octave - 65.41 Hz

To the note C of the third octave - 1046.52 Hz

• The environmental factor contributes to the hardening of the body.

That is, the use of the claimed invention increases the efficiency of the process of healing the human body due to the harmonious combination of various exercises into a single complex. The set of actions disclosed in the application materials leads to a synergistic effect, consisting not only of a significant increase in the process of physical healing, but also in the improvement of psychophysical and emotional condition, that is, in the complex improvement of a person, in which these components of the process have a mutual positive effect on one another.

The positive results from the use of individual exercises have been practically confirmed and described in scientific and specialized literature:

M.L. Lazarev, “System of medical, psychological and pedagogical support for the development of a child before and after birth.” Journal included in the SCOPUS database, “Issues of modern pediatrics”, scientific article in the specialty “Health Sciences”, 2011, T. 10, No. 2, p. 121-123. The article, in particular, presents the results of a study of the health status of athletes using unique tests developed by the author;

M.L. Lazarev, Scientific Center for Health of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, “Musical intelligence as the basis for a model of child harmonization at different stages of childhood ontogenesis, including prenatal age.” Bulletin of MGUKI, 2012, No. 4(48), p. 158-164.

The methodology for identifying health conditions was developed, including by the author of the application. This methodology is based on conducting a significant number of tests (“batteries” of tests, in particular the ZDRAVIK test) and is published in the form of articles in the scientific literature. Thus, descriptions of the tests are given in the collection of articles of the interuniversity scientific and practical conference dated March 23, 2016, part 2, “Innovations and traditions in modern physical education”, Lazarev Mikhail Lvovich, article “Zdraviada - children's health games, as a method of socialization of physical education children's activities", p. 237-243.

The “Zdravik” test is approved for use by Roszdravnadzor of the Russian Federation (FS No. 2011/395 dated December 13, 2011). The permit was issued to the Scientific Center for Children's Health of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences).

The positive effect of some of the main essential features of the method on the body, at least of pregnant women and children of various ages, was confirmed as a result of many years of research.

The study was carried out in stages (from 1983 to 2011), in various institutions in Moscow and other cities of Russia (Naberezhnye Chelny, Kazan, Tyumen, Solikamsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Vladivostok, Khabarovsk).

A total of 4370 people were examined, of which 2200 were pregnant women (main group - 1200, control group - 1000 people), healthy children aged 0 to 3 years of life - 750 (400 and 350, respectively), healthy children aged 3- 7 years old - 800 (400 people in each group), children aged 7-10 years - 620 (320 and 300, respectively); children suffering from bronchial asthma.

In order to solve the research problems, a methodological principle of mutual influence or conjugation of cognitive and somatic functions was developed, called the “cognitive-somatic principle of development”, or the “principle of developmental cognosomy” (author’s abbreviation). To assess the level of conjugacy, or cognosomy, of certain psychophysiological processes and types of activity of the child, a formula for the index of cognitive-somatic conjugacy, or cognosomy index, was proposed (author’s term):

IC = Tc/Tc + N/10 + A/10, where Tc is the duration of activation of somatic functions operating simultaneously with cognitive ones (duration is measured in minutes); Tk - duration of activation of cognitive functions (duration is also measured in minutes); N is the number of somatic functions and processes accompanying the impact on the cognitive sphere (cardiorespiratory processes, motor function, digestion, thermoregulation, tactile-massage effect, motor component of expressive speech, vibroacoustic effect); A - the average level of activity of all somatic functions used in this process (on a 3-point scale).

The formula introduces a limitation: the duration of activity of somatic functions can be greater, but cannot be less than cognitive activity.

The methodological basis of the CBS method (“method of cognosomal ontosanation” - a method of improving the health of a child in the process of ontogenesis, based on the principle of cognosomal development) was the singing and speech of first a pregnant woman, then the humming and babbling of an infant, and then his own singing and speech as he matures vocal-speech sphere.

The vocal-speech process in the method acts as a cognosomal program that allows you to connect and regulate loads on all arbitrary spheres: motor, emotional, cognitive, digestive and biorhythmic, respiratory, protective-adaptive (song performance in the air and water environment).

In addition to the CBS method, the study used various methods of manual and hardware diagnostics: pulsometry, pneumometry, tonometry, soundometry, peak flowmetry, spirography (CSA-800 device, Fukuda, Japan), cardiac intervalography (Varicard - VK 1.4 device, Russia), cardiotocography, laser Doppler flowmetry (LAKK-01 device, NPP "Lazma", Russia), Luscher psychological test, color-emotional express testing, psychological, medical and pedagogical testing.

In a study of pregnant women, it was noted that the mother’s cardiotocography curve is directly related not only to her level of activity during the program, but also to the dynamics of the child’s cardiotocogram curve: at the time of vocal-respiratory load and at the time of pause; when singing (with various tempos, emotional coloring, volume, number of breaths per minute, etc.); The phenomenon of an increase in the amplitude of the fetal heartbeat curve and its greater rhythm when the mother sings a marching song in relation to a lullaby was revealed, as well as the dependence of the level of fetal suffering and the dynamics of the cardiotocogram curve.

Correlations were identified between the length of inhalation and exhalation and the indicator of activity of regulatory systems (PARS) (it turned out that the state closest to the optimal tension of regulatory systems occurs when the ratio of inhalation and exhalation is 1:4 (PARS = 4.6 with a norm of 1- 2 points); and the least optimal state occurs when the inhalation ratio is 1:3 (PARS = 6 points); singing tempo and heart rate (at a singing tempo of 120 beats per minute, the heart rate was 94.4 beats per minute, at a singing tempo of 60 beats per minute - Heart rate was 85.2 beats per minute).

Studies have shown that sessions using the described method: a) reduce heart rate in pregnant women (at the beginning of the sessions, the average heart rate was 91 beats per minute, after the session - 84.3 beats per minute); b) increase the indicators of external respiration function (before the sessions the sound metric test was on average 21 conventional units, after the sessions - 24 conventional units); c) improve the psycho-emotional state (according to the position of the main colors of the M. Luscher test, 61% of pregnant women showed an improvement, 14% - a deterioration in indicators; in 25% the condition remained unchanged).

According to a number of development and health parameters, children of group “C” (engaged) were born mentally and physically more mature and were ahead of their peers in development (group “K” - control). Thus, a significant difference was revealed in the rates of newborn cry (a strong cry at birth was noted in 48% of children in group “C” and 32% of children in group “K”). In the first month of life, there were significantly more children diagnosed as “healthy” in group “C” (82%) than in group “K” (68%).

When studying the external respiration function of children 6-12 years old suffering from bronchial asthma, it was possible to establish that a stable, reliable improvement in indicators was observed in children - 6 months after the start of classes. Thus, peak flow measurements in children 5-8 years old increased from 132±4.01 to 182±5.1 l/min, and in children 9-12 years old: from 232±21.1 to 335±335±25.7 l /min.

When studying the influence of the CBS method on this category of patients in a children's hospital, it turned out that even after a week-long course of sound-breathing training (within the framework of the CBS method), positive dynamics of pulmonary ventilation indicators were observed: vital capacity increased by an average of 5.4%, FVC increased on average by 7.6%; Upik increased noticeably by 15.6-24.6%). The performance of the soundometric test (the duration of a sounded exhalation, measured in seconds) also differed significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group (25 seconds and 8 seconds, respectively).

Of particular interest in the study were the results of the mutual influence of cognitive and somatic functions:

• indicators of the cognitive sphere (memory) increase significantly not only when organizing a behavioral act (in the algorithm: sound-image-movement), but also after performing physical activity (speed endurance test);

• visualization of testing data significantly enhances the motivation for healthy behavior in preschoolers and primary schoolchildren, which affects the increase in indicators;

• the level of self-esteem in children correlates with the state of the immune system (an increase in the level of self-esteem corresponds to a decrease in morbidity and, conversely, a decrease corresponds to an increase);

• indicators of the state of the somatic sphere (strength, determined using dynamometry, and speed endurance - by the number of squats) increase significantly (from 10 to 30%) when testing in the form of Children's Health Games - Zdraviada (social motivation for health) and creating a certain psycho-emotional mood (role play, pre-singing the appropriate song or listening to music);

• with the same ratio of inhalation and exhalation lengths, indicators of external respiration function and autonomic homeostasis are closer to normal when breathing during singing than when simply breathing;

• identification of the child’s “functional profile” (musical, artistic, theatrical, rational-mental, motor) during annual express testing in groups and at Zdraviada promotes the formation of motivation for health-improving and developmental activities.

The data presented above were obtained in the course of research done on various samples of children and adults.

Thus, the described example shows the effectiveness of the combined use of breathing, musical and sound exercises described in the independent claim of the invention on a complex indicator of human health.

Information sources:

1. Zalmanov A. The secret wisdom of the human body. M.: Young Guard. Didact, 1991. P.46.

2. Medushevsky V.V. "On the laws and means of the artistic influence of music." Ed. "Music". Moscow, 1976. - S.-3, 57, 72.

3. Grinberg Ya.Z. About the mechanism of vibration transformation in the body. Electronic scientific journal "Engineering Bulletin of the Don", 2014 (part 2)

4. Rabadanova A.I., Bammatmurzaeva D.M., Gasasaeva R.M. Physiological indicators of the body as age-related markers of sensitization // International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research. - 2014. - No. 1. - pp. 21-25; URL: https://applied-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=4533 (access date: 10/31/2022).

5. Gardner G. Structure of the mind: the theory of multiple intelligences: trans. from English /Howard Gardner. M.: LLC “I.D. William." - 2007. - 512 p.

Claims (1)

A method of conducting breathing exercises, which consists in performing a series of breathing exercises, where each breathing exercise in the series is performed simultaneously with listening to a piece of music, while singing at a tempo corresponding to the tempo of the piece of music being listened to, and when performing the breathing exercise, the exhalation duration ratio is established and inhalation equal to the rhythm of the piece of music being listened to, while the tempo of the piece of music being listened to is set taking into account the age group: 5-14 years - 125-130 beats per minute by metronome; 15-29 years old - 120-125 beats per minute by metronome; 30-59 years old - 115-120 beats per minute by metronome; 60-75 years - 120-125 beats per minute by metronome; pregnant women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy aged 18 to 45 years - 90-110 beats per minute by metronome; in this case, 1 respiratory cycle is carried out per 4 metronome beats per minute; in the process of performing a breathing exercise, they walk at a frequency of steps corresponding to the tempo of the piece of music being listened to, while moving their arms using support sticks, and during the breathing exercises they use an elastic breathing simulator in the form of a rubber medical bandage, which is applied to the area of the lower ribs, and exercises are carried out outdoors.