RU2850575C1 - Bullets for rifle ammunition for destruction of unmanned aerial vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ammunition, in particular to ammunition for rifled small arms. The set task is achieved by introducing a notched tube, an explosive charge, and an amplifier into the ammunition for destroying unmanned aerial vehicles, and by colouring the head of the shell.

EFFECT: improvement of the bullet design, which would allow hitting the target both on a parallel and on a head-on course, provide the shooter with the ability to better adjust the fire and ensure the possibility of quick identification of a special-purpose cartridge with a bullet for hitting UAVs.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition, in particular to ammunition for rifled small arms.

The combat use of unmanned aerial vehicles (hereinafter referred to as UAVs) in general and FPV UAVs (FPV abbreviation for First Person View) in particular to engage personnel and equipment has demonstrated the need to engage this type of target with personal weapons of military personnel, such as the AK-74M assault rifle (GRAU index - 6P34), AK-12 (GRAU index - 6P70), PKP machine gun (GRAU index - 6P41) or RPK-203 (GRAU index - 6P8M).

A caseless cartridge is known [Patent for invention "Caseless Cartridge" No. 2665751, Application: 2017111117 dated 03.04.2017, published 04.09.2018, Bulletin No. 25], comprising a housing, inside the tail part of the housing there is a cavity filled with a powder charge, and inside the powder charge at the end of the cartridge there is a combustible electrode installed, insulated from the housing through a combustible dielectric, the powder charge is made of two parts: the first part is made of a fast-burning powder charge, the second is a slow-burning one, and is ampulized by radial compression of the end of the tail part of the cartridge.

The disadvantages of the aforementioned caseless cartridge are, firstly, the complexity of the design, due to the installation of the electrode using an additional dielectric, insufficient precision in installing this electrode into the case after it is filled with a powder charge and the tail section of the case is crimped, and secondly, that the design of the cartridge does not allow its use in magazine-fed weapons.

A small arms bullet is known [Invention Application "Small Arms Bullet" No. 94009674, dated March 22, 1994. Application publication date: April 27, 1996]. It consists of a shell, a core, and a jacket. The core has a blunt tip, allowing it to be cold-stamped from medium-carbon steel, followed by heat treatment to a hardness of at least 56 HRC, ensuring sufficient bullet penetration. The jacket is a cup-shaped lead shell that encloses the steel core from the tip.

The disadvantage of a small arms bullet cartridge is, firstly, that its design does not ensure the destruction of high-speed aerodynamic targets such as unmanned aerial vehicles (hereinafter referred to as UAVs) with a high probability; secondly, the design does not allow the creation of a field of damaging elements to destroy UAVs with a high probability.

A canister shot for hitting UAVs is known [Patent for Utility Model “Efficient canister shot against unmanned aerial vehicles” No. CN 215984227 U, Application CN 202122490595.1 U dated 10/14/2021, published 03/08/2022], consisting of a cartridge case, a plug, shot, a spacer, buffer particles, a wad and a powder charge.

The cartridge case has a hollow, symmetrical structure with rectangular grooves evenly distributed throughout, and a primer located in a through hole at the bottom of the case. A plug, located at the top of the case, serves to lock the pellets and prevent them from slipping out of the bullet shell when fired. The pellets are separated by a spacer within the case body. The spacer is positioned within the case to separate the pellets from each other and the case body, preventing them from interacting with the barrel after firing. Buffer particles are filled between the pellets to prevent them from moving relative to the spacers during firing. The wad is located at the rear of the case and separates the powder charge from the pellets. The wad pushes the pellets forward, guiding them along the case bore and barrel during firing. The powder charge is located at the rear of the case between the wad and the primer.

The disadvantage of canister shot for destroying UAVs is, firstly, the complexity of the design of fixing the pellets in the cartridge case, and secondly, the design of the shot does not allow its use in weapons with a rifled barrel.

The closest to the proposed device, that is, the prototype, is [Patent for invention “Ammunition for destroying unmanned aerial vehicles” No. US 11118865 B2, application US 16/817,485 dated 03/12/2020, published 09/14/2021]. The ammunition for destroying unmanned aerial vehicles (Fig. 1) contains two parts of the body (1) connected to each other (the upper part of the body and the lower part of the body), a Visco fuse cord (2) (called Visco Fuse in foreign literature [Safety Data Sheet for Visco Fuse Cord/Commercial Explosives (India) Pvt. Ltd. - India, 2021 URL: https://safetyfuse.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ViscoFuseMicroCordMSDS.pdf (date accessed: 11. 12.2024)]), a charge of striking elements (3), a retarder charge (4).

The two body parts (1) have holes in the center for the installation of a Visco fuse (2), which is what holds them in place. The munition for destroying unmanned aerial vehicles operates as follows.

The retarder charge (4), located at the bottom of the bullet, is ignited by the burning of gunpowder when the bullet is fired. After the retarder charge (4) burns out, it ignites the Visco fuse (2), which, as it burns out, releases the two parts of the body (1).

The two parts of the housing (1) (the upper part of the housing and the lower part of the housing), after the complete burning of the Visco fuse (2), separate under the influence of the forces acting on the bullet in flight (centripetal force), and the separated upper and lower parts of the housing release the charge of striking elements (3), which allows for the destruction of an aerial target at a fixed distance from the muzzle of the small arms, using striking elements from the composition of the charge of striking elements (3). The striking elements from the composition of the charge of striking elements (3) can be made in the form of a shot or formed from disks.

The disadvantage of the prototype is, firstly, that it has a complex design for production; secondly, incomplete burning of the Visco fuse, caused, for example, by defects or installation errors, will not allow for the divergence of the body parts and the separation of the striking elements; thirdly, the absence of a striking element in the head part does not allow for the destruction of a target on a collision course; fourthly, the lack of coloring of the tip of the bullet body does not allow it to be quickly identified as a special-purpose bullet, which complicates its use for its intended purpose.

The invention is based on the task of improving the design of a bullet that would allow it to hit a target both on a parallel and on a collision course, would provide the shooter with the ability to better adjust fire and would ensure the ability to quickly identify a special-purpose cartridge with a bullet for hitting UAVs.

The stated task is achieved by introducing into the prototype a tube with a notch (8), a bursting charge (9), an amplifier (10), and color painting of the head part of the shell (11).

The proposed bullet for cartridges of rifled small arms for defeating UAVs consists of a shell (7), a core (5), a tube with a notch (8), a bursting charge (9), as well as a retarder charge (4), an amplifier (10), a jacket (6) and a color coating of the head part of the shell (11).

Fig. 2 shows a bullet for rifled small arms cartridges for destroying UAVs.

The shell (7) is designed to accommodate all the components of a bullet for rifled small arms cartridges designed to defeat UAVs and to impart the necessary external shape to the bullet. The shell (7) contains: a core (5), a notched tube (8) containing a bursting charge (9), a booster (10), a retarder charge (4), and a jacket (6).

The nose cone of the shell (7) has an ogive shape, ensuring good ballistic characteristics. The leading portion of the shell (7) is cylindrical, and the tail cone, shaped as a truncated cone, has a curved edge for securing the contents of the shell (7), and an opening coaxial with the longitudinal axis of rotation of the bullet (shown by the dashed line in Fig. 2) for the outflow of combustion products of the tracer composition of the moderator charge (4).

To slow down the ignition of the tracer composition after it leaves the muzzle of the barrel and begins to burn at a certain distance from it in order to mask the location of the shot (extension of the tracer), the opening of the shell (7), located coaxially with the axis of rotation of the bullet for the outflow of combustion products of the tracer composition of the retarder charge (4), can be covered with varnish.

In order to ensure quick identification of a special-purpose cartridge with a bullet of a rifled small arms for the destruction of UAVs, the head part of the shell (11) is color-coated.

In order to ensure that the target is hit on a collision course, a core (5) is introduced into the design.

The core (5) provides a penetrating action and is made in the form of a body of revolution, consisting of a head part having an ogive shape, the top of which is located coaxially with the longitudinal axis of rotation of the bullet.

Moreover, the tail part of the core (5) is pressed into a tube with a notch (8).

The core (5) can be made either from a material with relatively low ductility and relatively high hardness (steel), or from a material with relatively high ductility and relatively low hardness (lead).

The jacket (6), which serves as a plastic base when the bullet shell (7) is cut into the rifling of the barrel bore, is made in the form of a cup with an opening that covers a tube with a notch (8) and a core (5) made of steel in its head part.

The knurled tube (8) is a hollow steel cylinder. The knurled tube (8) has knurling on its outer surface, which is made in a cross-knurled pattern.

The tube with a notch (8) is designed to accommodate inside itself an explosive charge (9), an amplifier (10) and a retarder charge (4) (elements of the fire chain).

In order to provide the shooter with the ability to better adjust fire by creating a clearly visible trace when firing (trace), the retarder charge (4) is made with the addition of a tracer composition.

Tracer compositions are mechanical mixtures of a combustible substance and an oxidizer with the addition of cementing agents, which also act as phlegmatizers, regulating the combustion rate. The combustible substances used are aluminum, magnesium, and alloys of these metals, which exhibit high chemical activity when interacting with oxygen and release a large amount of heat during combustion. Oxidizers are substances rich in oxygen and relatively easily release it at high temperatures. In production, the peroxides and oxides of barium, calcium, and strontium; chlorates and perchlorates of barium, potassium, and sodium; nitrates of barium, potassium, sodium, and strontium. Cementing agents (phlegmatizers) include artificial and natural resins such as iditol, shellac, rosin, and others, which have good flammability properties. Castor oil, paraffin, and petroleum jelly are sometimes used as phlegmatizers, reducing the combustion rate of the tracer composition and its sensitivity to mechanical stress.

The introduction of metal salts into the tracer composition gives the flame different colors during combustion: barium salts give a light green color, strontium salts give a red color, and sodium salts give a yellow color.

To ensure sufficient strength of the tracer composition and uniform combustion, the tracer composition is pressed in parallel layers in several stages under high pressure on the tool ranging from 800 to 900 MPa, exceeding the gas pressure in the barrel bore. If the pressing force is insufficient, the entire volume of the moderator charge (4) may ignite, rupture and destroy the bullet (jacket (7), core (5), tube with notches (8) in the barrel bore or on the flight trajectory, immediately after leaving the barrel bore. To ensure uniform flow of combustion products of the tracer composition, a ring (not shown in the graphic part) can be installed in the moderator charge (4) in front of the bending edge of the tail section of the shell (7). This ring acts as a nozzle and has a channel of variable or constant cross-section of a circular shape, located coaxially with the longitudinal axis of rotation of the bullet.

The reliability of ignition of the tracer composition of the moderator charge (4) is ensured by increasing the ignition surface due to the relief pressing (star) of the lower surface of the moderator charge (4), and the increase in sensitivity is ensured by adding flammable substances (for example, black powder) to the last dose of the composition.

The amplifier (10) provides for amplification of the beam of fire from the retarder charge (4) to the explosive charge (9) and initiation of the explosion, and depending on the type of explosive substance used in the explosive charge (9), which is pressed into a cylindrical sleeve with an axial channel, placed in an annular part having a conical thrust protrusion in the form of a skirt, gunpowder or a two-layer charge.

The hole of the cylindrical sleeve of the ring part is located coaxially with the longitudinal axis of rotation of the bullet.

The amplifier (10) is placed between the explosive charge (9) and the delay charge (4).

The bursting charge (9) is a high explosive charge designed to create a detonation pulse sufficient to completely separate the notched tube (8) into individual projectiles shaped according to the pattern of notches applied to the notched tube (8) with kinetic energy sufficient to destroy a UAV. When double (cross) notches are applied to the notched tube (8), the projectiles will be diamond- or square-shaped.

The proposed bullet for rifled small arms cartridges for destroying UAVs works as follows.

The powder gases formed during the combustion of the propellant powder charge create pressure, under the action of which the shell (7) with the jacket (6), core (5), tube with notches (8) placed inside it, inside which the explosive charge (9), amplifier (10), and moderator charge (4) are moved along the barrel channel.

If the core (5) has relatively low ductility and relatively high material hardness (made of steel), the jacket (6) compensates for the deformation of the jacket (7) as the bullet moves along the rifling of the gun barrel, thereby ensuring the bullet's penetration into the rifling of the gun bore and reducing abrasion of the bore surface. If the core (5) has high ductility and relatively low material hardness (made of lead), it itself ensures the bullet's penetration into the rifling of the gun bore as it moves, and the jacket (6) compensates for the deformation of the jacket (7) as the bullet moves along the rifling of the gun bore for a tube with a notch (8).

Inside the barrel bore, the propellant gases ignite the charge of the moderator (4) made with the addition of a tracer composition, which, when burned out, forms a clearly visible trace when fired (a trace) through the curved edge of the tail section of the shell (7), after exiting the muzzle of the barrel or at a certain distance from it.

As it approaches burnout, the moderator (4) ignites the booster (10), which initiates the explosion of the explosive charge (9).

The explosive charge (9) creates a detonation impulse, due to which the tube with notches (8) is divided into separate striking elements of the shape formed by the pattern of notches applied to the tubes with notches (8) and the complete destruction of the shell (7), jacket (6) (if present).

The core (5), under the influence of the detonation pulse, is released from the tube with a notch (8) and moves forward along the trajectory of the bullet with kinetic energy sufficient to hit the target.

The notch located closer to the closed end of the cylinder of the tube with the notch (8) is a stress concentrator and under the influence of the detonation pulse the closed end of the cylinder of the tube with the notch (8) is torn off.

The striking elements, formed by dividing the tube with a notch (8) and a core (5) with kinetic energy sufficient to hit the target, form a toroidal field, entering which the UAV hits it.

The practical implementation of the explosive charge (9) can be carried out on the basis of hexogen, octogen (in the specialized literature, found under the designation HMX), tetryl, pentaerythritol tetranitrate (in the specialized literature, found under the designation TENH or PETN), TNT (in the specialized literature, found under the designation TNT).

The practical implementation of a two-layer charge can be accomplished by making one layer of lead trinitroresorcinate and the second of lead azide, or one layer of mercury fulminate (mercuric fulminate) and the second layer of tetryl.

The practical implementation of the core (5) can be performed on the basis of alloys of grades VK6, VK6M, VKZ, VK4, VK4 V or VK8 [GOST 3882-74 Hard sintered alloys. Grades], steel grades St10, St65G, St70, St75 [GOST 1050-88 Rolled products, calibrated, with a special surface finish made of high-quality carbon structural steel. General specifications, GOST 14959-2016 Metal products made of spring non-alloy and alloy steel. Specifications] or on the basis of lead grades C1, C2, C3 [GOST 3778-98 Lead. Specifications].

The practical implementation of a tube with a notch (8) can be carried out on the basis of steel grades St08, St10 [GOST 1050-88 Rolled products, calibrated, with a special surface finish made of high-quality carbon structural steel. General specifications].

The practical implementation of the jacket (6) can be carried out on the basis of lead grades C1, C2, C3 [GOST 3778-98 Lead. Technical conditions] or aluminum grades AD0, AD1, AD00 [GOST 13726-97 Tapes made of aluminum and aluminum alloys. Technical conditions].

The practical implementation of the shell (7) can be made on the basis of bimetal 3 [OST 3-6649-91 Bimetallic tapes and strips. Bimetal 3].

The fastening of the shell (7) into the cartridge and the placement of the powder charge can be made on the basis of the cartridge case of serially produced cartridges, such as 7T3, 7T3M, 7U1 or 7BT4.

The use of the proposed bullet in cartridges will ensure the destruction of modern weapons, such as UAVs, with rifled small arms, thereby protecting equipment and personnel from combat damage.

Claims (4)

1. A bullet for cartridges of rifled small arms for defeating unmanned aerial vehicles, consisting of a casing, a core, a jacket and a moderator charge connected to each other, characterized in that a tube with a notch, a bursting charge, a reinforcement, a color coating of the head part of the casing are additionally introduced, the casing has an opening for the outflow of combustion products of the tracer composition, the core has a tail section pressed into a tube with a notch, the moderator charge is made with the addition of a tracer composition. 2. A bullet for cartridges of rifled small arms for engaging unmanned aerial vehicles according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the retarder charge has a ring to ensure uniform flow of combustion products of the tracer composition. 3. A bullet for cartridges of rifled small arms for hitting unmanned aerial vehicles according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the jacket covers the core, if it is made of a material that has relatively low ductility and relatively high hardness. 4. A bullet for cartridges of rifled small arms for engaging unmanned aerial vehicles according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the opening of the shell for the outflow of combustion products of the tracer composition of the moderator charge is covered with varnish.