RU2849197C1 - Fresh manure and litter processing line - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used for processing fresh manure and litter. The fresh manure and litter processing line consists of a storage tank, an immersion homogeniser screw, an immersion pump, a press separator, a container for the solid fraction and a container for the liquid fraction. The submersible screw homogenizer located in the storage tank includes a motor, a cardan shaft, a gearbox, and blades. The blades of the screw homogenizer have a protective cover on the outside. The submersible pump located in the storage tank is connected to the press separator by a loading hose. The press separator consists of a static outer casing and an inner perforated casing, which houses a screw for pressing. On one side of the press separator there is an electric motor that drives the screw, and on the other side there is an opening with a spring-loaded cover for the solid fraction to exit. The solid fraction is collected in a container for solid fractions, and the liquid fraction flows through a discharge pipe into a container for liquid fractions.

EFFECT: simplification of the technological process of processing fresh manure and litter without additional labour and time costs.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

Field of technology to which the invention relates

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for processing fresh manure and droppings.

State of the art

A complex for processing manure effluents is known from the patent literature, including a bioreactor, a liquid manure collector, a salt tank, a seed bioreactor, a first heater, a disinfection unit and a target product collector (RU Patent No. 2186475 published 10.08.02. IPC A01C 3/00, C05).

The disadvantages of the prototype are the complexity of the design, high energy costs, the impossibility of 100% processing of manure into fertilizer, and large losses of nitrogen, the main element of fertilizer.

An automatic line for processing livestock waste is known (patent RU 127289 U1, published 04/27/2013, Bulletin No. 12), which includes vertical perforated containers that move on overhead tracks through technological zones.

The disadvantages of the line are significant investments in construction, equipment and personnel training.

The BUG-1 complex, manufactured by SPETSSTANKI LLC (Vologda Region, Russia), is well-known and is designed for processing all types of organic waste - cattle manure, pig manure, poultry manure, etc., and producing highly effective organically pure liquid fertilizer "KOUD", as well as associated biogas.

The disadvantage of stationary biogas plants of the BUG-1 type is that they require large expenditures on construction, acquisition and installation of technological equipment, the use of which requires design work and appropriate approvals for its placement on the farm territory and special training of operating personnel.

A technological line for processing waste from livestock complexes is known (patent RU 121687 U1, published 10.11.2012, Bulletin No. 31), containing a unit for separating manure into solid and liquid fractions, installed in series and interconnected by pipelines with shut-off valves, connected by its inlet to a room for keeping animals, and the first outlet with a biogas unit, the outlet of which is connected to lagoons for collecting and storing the fermented liquid phase, which is sent to the fields as a liquid organic fertilizer, the second outlet of the separation unit is connected to a compost site for the preparation of solid organic fertilizer, to which a microbiological preparation is fed from the apparatus for its preparation, and the apparatus is connected by its inlet to silo trenches, from which excess silage juice is fed to an enzyme-cavitation unit, from which purified water is supplied for technological needs, and gas from The biogas plant is used to heat the premises.

The disadvantage of the technological line for processing waste from livestock complexes is that it is quite complex and must operate on a continuous basis.

A line for processing poultry manure into fertilizers is known, comprising a methane tank connected to a gas holder and a unit for preparing manure for fermentation, including a container for mixing the original manure and a grinding device, as well as with a means for separating the fermented mass into fractions, having pipes for removing the solid and liquid fractions, a gas cleaning system, a loading conveyor connected to a container for mixing the original manure, in which, in order to improve the quality of the fertilizer and also to reduce environmental pollution, the unit for preparing manure for fermentation is equipped with a connected container for mixing the original manure with a container for separating large and floating inclusions, a cyclone separator of inorganic inclusions, as well as a feather separator connected to the said container for separation, at the outlet of which a grinding device is installed, connected to the methane tank, the means for separating the fermented mass is made in the form of a container for its thermophilic treatment, as well as a unit communicated with it a vacuum filter with a solid fraction discharge pipe, and is equipped with a unit for drying the solid fraction of the fermented mass, having a pipe for discharging the spent drying agent and a device for feeding the solid fraction, made in the form of an extruder-granulator connected to the pipe for discharging the solid fraction of the vacuum filter, and the gas cleaning system is made in the form of a cyclone connected to the pipe for discharging the spent drying agent, as well as an absorber and a wet cleaning unit connected to the latter, wherein one of the cyclone outlets is connected to the extruder-granulator; it is equipped with an apparatus for burning biogas and obtaining a drying agent, the outlet of which is connected to the unit for drying the solid fraction (patent RU No. 2017367 C1, Published 05.08.1994, Bulletin No. 15).

The disadvantages of this line in terms of design include the complexity of the installations and transport devices, high energy costs, the need for capital construction, the high cost of the resulting organic fertilizers, and the lack of a whole range of essential microelements in the fertilizers.

In addition to the described process units, a line for processing bird droppings into fertilizers is known, in which, during the course of the process, a manure storage tank, a centrifuge connected by a pipeline for removing the liquid fraction with a runoff tank, a device for mixing the raw materials and drying them with hot air, a storage bin and a conveyor for dispensing finished products are installed in series with each other by kinematic and mechanical means for transporting the processed raw materials, according to the invention, the line includes a closed-type methane-acid fermentation bioreactor connected by means of a submersible pump and a pipeline with a runoff tank, a static gravity dewaterer communicated with the centrifuge, between which and the storage bin there are devices for mixing the raw materials and drying them with hot air as part of a paddle dryer and an air fountain dryer placed in series and connected by a screw device, a mixer-doser of mineral additives, a fertilizer sterilizer and a granulator installed in series behind the storage bin, after which a conveyor for dispensing annual output is placed, and the static gravity dewaterer is connected via a pipeline for removing the liquid fraction to the waste storage tank (RU patent No. 2080758, Published 10.06.1997, Bulletin No. 16).

The disadvantages of this line include limited functionality, and it is designed to process only poultry manure.

The closest in technical essence and achievable positive effect, adopted by the authors as a prototype, is a plant for processing livestock waste and producing fertilizers (RU Patent No. 93014183 A, Published August 27, 1995). It comprises a manure storage tank with a liquid diluent, a mass heating heat exchanger, a methane tank, a separator, and lines for the supply and discharge of processed products. Furthermore, the plant contains a gas-liquid ejector connected at the outlet to an airlift bubbler. When the airlift bubbler is activated, biomass circulation in the methane tank increases, increasing the rate of methane generation. The digested mass is separated into solid and liquid fractions in a screw or piston separator.

The above-mentioned lines are technically complex and do not allow for the rapid and efficient disposal of fresh manure and litter, producing environmentally friendly liquid organomineral fertilizers and vermicomposting substrate. Furthermore, many must operate continuously, without the possibility of interruption or shutdown.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The objective of the invention is to develop a line for processing fresh manure and litter, ensuring fast, simplified and environmentally safe processing of fresh manure and litter, making it possible to significantly reduce the negative impact on the environment in areas where livestock complexes are located, and to obtain liquid fertilizers and a substrate for vermicomposting.

The technical result that can be achieved with the proposed line for processing fresh manure and litter is due to the maximally simplified technological process of processing fresh manure and litter, without additional labor and time costs, with the ability to use various available components to perform all necessary operations.

The technical result is achieved in that the line for processing fresh manure and litter consists of a storage tank, a submersible screw homogenizer, a submersible pump, a press separator, a container for the solid fraction and a container for the liquid fraction, wherein the submersible screw homogenizer, located in the storage tank, includes a motor, a cardan, a gearbox and blades of the screw homogenizer, outside of which there is a protective casing, wherein the submersible pump, located in the storage tank, is connected by a loading sleeve to a press separator, consisting of a static outer casing and an internal perforated casing, in which there is a screw for squeezing, wherein on one side of the press separator there is an electric motor, and on the other side there is an opening with a lid on a spring for the release of the solid fraction, wherein the solid fraction is collected in the container for the solid fraction, and the liquid fraction through a discharge pipe enters the container for the liquid fraction.

Brief description of drawings and other materials

Fig. 1 shows a line for processing fresh manure and litter, side view.

Fig. 2 shows a line for processing fresh manure and litter, top view.

Fig. 3 shows a submersible screw homogenizer, side view.

Fig. 4 shows a press separator, side view.

Implementation of the invention

The line for processing fresh manure and litter consists of a storage tank 1 (Fig. 1, 2), to the upper part of which a submersible screw-homogenizer 2 with blades 3 is attached. On the submersible screw-homogenizer 2 (Fig. 3) there is a motor 4 connected to a cardan 5, which in turn is connected to a gearbox 6. The blades 3 of the submersible screw-homogenizer 2 have a protective casing 7 on the outside, which prevents mechanical damage. In addition, in the storage tank 1 there is a submersible pump 8 with a loading sleeve 9, which is connected to a press separator 10.

The press-separator 10 (Fig. 4) consists of a static outer casing 11, an inner perforated casing 12, and a screw 13 for squeezing, mounted so as to rotate inside the perforated casing 12. On one side of the press-separator 10 there is an electric motor 14, which drives the screw 13, and on the other side there is an opening with a lid on a spring 15 for the outlet of the solid fraction. The solid fraction falls into a container for the solid fraction 16. By means of the opening with a lid on a spring 15 it is possible to adjust the gap and the degree of moisture of the solid fraction. The outer casing 11 has a discharge pipe 17, through which the liquid fraction enters a container for the liquid fraction 18.

Equipment for processing fresh manure and droppings works as follows.

Fresh manure is loaded into storage tank 1, pre-filled with water at a ratio of fresh manure or litter to water of 1:1.5 ^m³ to 1:2.5 ^m³ . As a result, the hazard class is reduced to V (Practically no harm to the environment). Therefore, there is no need for additional treatment by heating or using chemical or biological agents.

After several hours of natural softening, the motor 4 is started on the submersible screw-homogenizer 2 (Fig. 3), from which an impulse is transmitted through the cardan 5 to the gearbox 6, which drives the blades 3 of the screw-homogenizer 2, on the outside of which there is a protective casing 7, preventing mechanical damage. As a result of the operation of the submersible screw-homogenizer 2 (Fig. 1), ballast foreign mechanical inclusions with a high specific gravity (stones, crushed stone, metal, etc.) settle to the bottom, and those with a low specific gravity (twine, ropes, wood chips, sticks, etc.) float to the surface.

Then, using a submersible pump 8, the homogenized manure is fed through a loading sleeve 9 into a press separator 10.

By turning on the electric motor 14 in the separator press 10 (Fig. 4), the homogenized manure moves inside the perforated housing 12 as a result of the rotation of the auger 13, as a result of which the liquid fraction is separated through the openings of the inner perforated housing 12 and enters the outer housing 11, and then through the discharge pipe 17 into the container for the liquid fraction 18 (Fig. 1). The solid fraction, accumulating in the inner perforated housing 12 (Fig. 4), exits through an opening with a lid on a spring 15, with the help of which it is possible to regulate the degree of squeezing of the solid fraction. After squeezing, the solid fraction is collected in a replaceable container for the solid fraction 16 (Fig. 1).

The resulting liquid fraction can be applied directly to the soil as a bioorganic fertilizer, while the solid fraction can be used as a substrate for earthworms or composted. In both cases, the processing time for the resulting solid fraction is reduced to one and a half to two months.

The liquid fraction contains a complex of organomineral components and bacteria inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract of farm animals, suitable for use as a complex organomineral fertilizer.

The line for processing fresh manure and litter is simple, does not require the use of special equipment and machinery, is low-cost and is suitable for implementation at the level of small, medium and large agricultural enterprises.

The proposed line for processing fresh manure and litter allows for the intensive processing and recycling of agricultural waste of animal origin, which has a negative impact on the environment and previously had no useful practical application, and the production of environmentally friendly organomineral fertilizers, balanced in macro- and micronutrients for plants, contributing to increased crop yields and improved product quality.

This fresh manure and litter processing line can be used both year-round and seasonally. Furthermore, any components (tanks, submersible homogenizer screws, pumps, presses, or separators) can be used, depending on the volume of raw materials processed and the company's financial capabilities.

Thus, the fresh manure and litter processing line significantly accelerates the natural composting of manure and litter, reduces their toxic impact on the environment, decreases the chemical load on the soil, and produces an environmentally friendly complex organomineral fertilizer capable of instantly and effectively saturating the soil with organic matter and microelements necessary for restoring and increasing soil fertility and crop yields.

The fresh manure and litter processing line ensures the intensification of the processing and utilization of agricultural waste, and improves the environmental friendliness of the resulting liquid and solid organomineral fertilizers.

The fresh manure and litter processing line produces fertilizer containing valuable production substances, the content of which depends on the type of animal waste (horse manure, cattle manure, pig manure, poultry manure), necessary for restoring and increasing soil fertility and crop yields.

The line for processing fresh manure and litter is simple, low-cost and suitable for implementation at the level of small, medium and large agricultural enterprises.

Claims (1)

A line for processing fresh manure and litter, consisting of a storage tank, a submersible screw homogenizer, a submersible pump, a press separator, a container for the solid fraction and a container for the liquid fraction, wherein the submersible screw homogenizer, located in the storage tank, includes a motor, a cardan, a gearbox and blades of the screw homogenizer, on the outside of which there is a protective casing, wherein the submersible pump, located in the storage tank, is connected by a loading sleeve to a press separator, consisting of a static outer casing and an inner perforated casing, in which there is a screw for squeezing, wherein on one side of the press separator there is an electric motor, and on the other side there is an opening with a lid on a spring for the release of the solid fraction, wherein the solid fraction is collected in the container for the solid fraction, and the liquid fraction through a discharge pipe enters the container for the liquid fraction.