RU2848128C1 - Device for tooth extraction - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a device for removing teeth. The device for removing teeth includes a body and a removable working part attached to the body and designed to be inserted into the periodontal gap. The device additionally contains a means for creating mechanical movements of the working part, a dynamometric sensor for measuring the load applied by the working part to anatomical structures, a computing module connected to the dynamometric sensor and the means for creating mechanical movements, a means for indicating the applied load connected to the computing module, and control elements for setting the load threshold value by selecting the tooth number, connected to the computing module. The computing module is designed to receive data from the dynamometer sensor on the current value of the applied load, compare this value with the threshold value for the selected tooth number, and activate the load indication device when the threshold value is exceeded.

EFFECT: reduction of trauma to bone and soft tissues, control of the tooth extraction process, reduction of muscle strain on the dentist.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

[01] Field of technology

[02] The invention relates to the field of dentistry and surgery, namely to a device (instrument) for atraumatic tooth extraction.

[03] State of the Art

[04] The classic method of tooth extraction involves the use of forceps to grasp and extract the tooth. The main disadvantages of this method include a high risk of damage to bone and soft tissue, especially when using forceps, as well as slow healing and bone loss, which can negatively impact subsequent implant placement.

[05] Methods of tooth extraction using elevators are also known.

Instruments of this type have a cup-shaped working part. They rely on adjacent teeth or bone tissue to rotate the tooth. The disadvantage of using them is the risk of injury to the supporting bone and the unpredictable trajectory of tooth movement, which can lead to damage to surrounding tissue.

[06] A less traumatic method of extraction is the use of periotomes. A periotome is used to perform surgical procedures in the periodontal area, which includes the gingival tissue and bone structures surrounding the teeth. A standard periotome consists of a thin, straight or curved knife, sharpened on one or both sides, attached to an ergonomic handle. The knife can be shaped in various ways, such as a rectangle, wedge, or diamond. During tooth extraction, the instrument is inserted into the periodontal space between the tooth and bone, where the periodontal ligament is disrupted using progressive movements. The advantage of this instrument over elevators is that the periotome is used for vertical insertion along a straight trajectory, with rocking movements in only one plane, without eversion, and with support on other tissues in different planes.

[07] Russian patent RU2775194 (the closest analogue) proposes a tooth extraction instrument comprising a round handle, a connecting rod, a mechanism providing a 20-30° rotation angle of the rod and working tip around the axis, and a working part (periotome) in the form of a sharp, replaceable cone-shaped tip. The mechanism for rotating the handle relative to the instrument axis prevents the instrument axis from being subjected to force, thereby preventing damage to the socket margin and preventing possible chipping of the cortical bone plate from the vestibular side of the socket, and also eliminates the possibility of instrument slippage. Thus, this analogue allows for a certain reduction in the trauma of tooth extraction procedures by optimizing the shape of the working part and the mobility of the handle. However, the device has a drawback in the form of a lack of means to facilitate the movement of the working part in the periodontal gap along the root of the tooth and to ensure control of the tooth extraction process, which are necessary to reduce the trauma of the tooth extraction procedure.

[08] The above mentioned disadvantages define the main technical problem solved by the claimed invention.

[09] Disclosure of the essence of the invention

[010] The technical result of the invention is a reduction in trauma to bone and soft tissues, ensuring control over the process of tooth extraction, and reducing the muscular load of the dentist.

[011] The said technical result is achieved in the claimed invention due to the fact that the device for removing teeth includes: a housing; a removable working part, attached to the housing with the possibility of being inserted into the periodontal gap; a means for creating mechanical movements of the working part; a dynamometric sensor for measuring the applied load from the working part to the anatomical structures; a computing module connected to the dynamometric sensor and the means for creating mechanical movements; and a means for indicating the applied load, connected to the computing module.

[012] The said result is also achieved in particular embodiments of the invention due to the fact that:

[013] - the computing module is configured to receive data from the dynamometer sensor on the current value of the applied load, compare the said value with the recommended threshold value for a given tooth and activate the means for indicating the applied load when the recommended threshold value is exceeded;

[014] - the means for indicating the applied load comprises at least one of the devices selected from the group including a display, LEDs, a speaker and an audible alarm;

[015] - the means for creating mechanical movements of the working part comprises an ultrasonic module and/or a vibration module and/or a translational movement module;

[016] - the dynamometer sensor is made in the form of a three-axis isometric sensor;

[017] - the device further includes, connected to the computing module: a power source; controls for setting the recommended load threshold value by selecting a tooth number; a data recording module configured to store the current values of the applied load; and a data transmission module configured to exchange data with external devices.

[018] - the device additionally includes a removable cover for the body, made of a material that allows for sterilization.

[019] The proposed device arrangement allows for a further reduction in trauma and increases the level of control over the tooth extraction process. Thus, the use of a dynamometer sensor for measuring the load applied to the tooth and surrounding tissues, in combination with an indicator, allows the dentist (oral surgeon) to avoid exceeding the force threshold, which would result in unnecessary trauma. Furthermore, the use of a means of mechanical movement of the working part, in combination with a method of introducing an instrument that moves primarily progressively, allows for the working part to be advanced in the periodontal space along the root of the tooth without applying significant forces in the transverse direction, which reduces trauma and facilitates the work of the dentist (oral surgeon) by reducing muscular strain. Thus, the combination of a dynamometer sensor and a means of mechanical movement of the working part allows for a significant reduction in tissue trauma during tooth extraction. Moreover, the effect of the combined use of these elements is not the cumulative effect of the separate use of the device elements. Additional device elements, such as a removable cover, controls, and data recording and transmission modules, simplify operation, increase the level of automation in process control, and reduce the impact of the human factor on the quality of the tooth extraction procedure.

[020] Brief description of drawings

[021] The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

- Figure 1 shows a general view of the claimed device;

- Figure 2 shows the power frame of the device;

- Figure 3 shows the power frame and electronic components of the device;

- Figure 4 shows the functional diagram of the device;

[022] The structural elements are designated in the figures by the following positions:

1 - working part (periotome);

2 - element for fixing the working part;

3 - means for creating mechanical movements of the working part;

4 - dynamometer sensor;

5 - skeleton;

6 - body;

7 - removable cover;

8 computing module;

9 controls;

10 - indicating device;

11 - data recording module;

12 - power source;

13 data transmission module.

[023] Implementation of the invention

[024] The claimed device (instrument) for atraumatic removal includes as its main elements a housing (6) and a replaceable working part (1) (periotome) secured to the housing by means of a fixing element (2).

[025] The housing (6) may be made in the form of an ergonomic handle of a box-shaped design of a rectangular, cylindrical or other shape, adapted for holding by hand and placing mechanical and electronic components inside. Alternatively, at least some of the components may be placed outside the housing and/or connected to it in the form of at least a separate module and/or assembly.

[026] A removable cover (7) is preferably placed on the housing (6) to allow sterilization of the elements in contact with the patient's tissue. The housing itself is not sterilized. The material of the cover (7) is selected based on its suitability for sterilization by high-temperature, chemical, or other methods known to those skilled in the art. For example, the cover (7) may be made of medical silicone or plastic suitable for regular medical sterilization.

[027] The working part (1) (periotome) includes a straight or curved rod with a tip in the form of a thin spatula of various shapes, adapted for insertion into the periodontal gap. The working part is made removable to allow its sterilization separately from the body, as well as the use of working parts with different tip shapes (at least four types) depending on the clinical situation.

[028] A means (3) for creating mechanical movements of the working part is attached to the fixation element (2). Said means may be implemented in the form of a drive for imparting to the working part translational and/or oscillatory movements in the longitudinal and/or transverse direction relative to the axis in order to facilitate the movement of the working part (1) along the root of the tooth. In particular, the means (3) may comprise a vibration module, an ultrasonic module, or a translational movement module (piston and connecting rod), or combinations thereof. Said modules may have the ability to adjust the amplitude and/or frequency to adapt to various clinical conditions.

[029] A load cell (4) is also attached to the fixation element (2), which measures the load applied to the tooth, bone, and surrounding tissue. The sensor is preferably designed as a three-axis strain gauge, which measures the applied force in all directions for an objective assessment of the applied load.

[030] The device may also comprise an electronic control system that includes a computing module (8) connected to the dynamometric sensor (4), as well as control elements (9) connected thereto, a means for indicating (10) the applied load, a data recording module (11), a power source (12), and a data transmission module (13). For fastening at least part of the electronic components in the housing (6), a frame (5) may be provided in the form of a base on which the elements are placed.

[031] The computing module (8) may be an electronic board, in particular a microcontroller. The computing module (8) receives a signal from the load cell (4) and transmits data on the load value to the indicating means. The computing module (8) may have a built-in program for storing data on the recommended threshold (reference) load values for each tooth. Upon receiving the current value from the load cell (4), the computing module (8) compares this value with the recommended threshold value for the selected tooth number and activates the load indicating means when the recommended threshold value is exceeded. The computing module (8) may also be used to activate and control the means (3) for creating mechanical movements.

[032] The indicating means (10) may comprise a display, LEDs, a speaker, an audible alarm, or a combination thereof. The indicating means (10) may be used to display data on measured load values, signal when a threshold value for a selected tooth number is exceeded (sound and/or light signal), and also indicate settings and other parameters of the device.

[033] The controls (9) may include at least one button or toggle switch and are used to configure and control the device, for example, selecting a tooth number.

[034] The data recording module (11) is used to save recorded load values and other device operation information to a storage medium, such as an SD card. The data transmission module (13) may be, for example, a wireless module (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.) or a wired module (USB, etc.) and is designed to exchange data with external devices, such as a computer or smartphone with installed software.

[035] The power source (12) is a built-in or installed battery, in particular a rechargeable battery, and provides power to the electronic components of the device, as well as the means (3) for creating mechanical movements. Alternatively, the power source may be implemented as an external source.

[036] Below is an example of the implementation of the invention.

[037] Based on the claimed invention, a prototype device was developed, containing:

[038] - a handle-body with dimensions of 12x5x5 cm;

[039] - removable cover for the body made of medical silicone or plastic, suitable for regular medical sterilization.

[040] - a set of four replaceable working parts of various instrument shapes to enable their sterilization before performing a tooth extraction operation;

[041] - a dynamometric sensor for recording loads from the device on the bone along three axes;

[042] - a means of mechanical movement of the working part in the form of an ultrasonic module;

[043] - an electronic computer in the form of a board for operating a device based on an ESP32 microcontroller, with an installed program,

[044] - OLED display, control button and sound indicator for interaction, settings, and control in the doctor-device pair;

[045] - SD memory card.

[046] The device was used in conjunction with a Telegram bot, which was used to update the program, calibrate the device (to current scientifically based medical values of the load permissible to be applied to the bone), and also to obtain recorded data during the process of tooth extraction from the device.

[047] The device was operated as follows.

[048] After collecting the patient's medical history and scheduling a tooth extraction, the dentist selects the tooth number to be extracted, and the device automatically sets the permissible load values. The dentist then initiates extraction mode and begins atraumatic tooth extraction according to a predetermined algorithm for the specific tooth. During the extraction, the system alerts the dentist via an audible and visual signal if the recommended load threshold on the anatomical structures is exceeded. During the extraction, the dentist can activate a mechanical motion module to facilitate tooth extraction by more easily penetrating the periodontal space. After the tooth is extracted, the dentist deactivates extraction mode, and the device automatically records the date and time of the extraction, the tooth number, all recorded load values during the procedure, and the maximum recorded load. The device then automatically sends the generated patient record to the dentist's Telegram bot.

[049] EXAMPLE. Patient V., 35 years old. Complaints: pain and mobility of the lower left first molar (tooth 36), ineffectiveness of conservative treatment. Indication: atraumatic tooth extraction for subsequent prosthetic restoration. Procedure: a device was used to extract the tooth. After preparing the working field and administering local and mandibular anesthesia, the device was configured. 1) Using the control, the tooth number (No. 36) was selected, after which the system automatically set the permissible values of the load on the jaw structures. 2) The doctor activated the "Extraction" mode, which recorded the parameters of the load of the working part on the anatomical structures. 3) The tooth was extracted while monitoring the forces applied to the alveolar bone. During the procedure, the device measured the load in real time, providing visual and audible indication. When 80% of the permissible load level was reached, the system generated a warning signal. This made it possible to reduce the force in a timely manner and avoid excessive pressure on the bone structures. Following the tooth extraction, the device automatically saved the following data: the date and time of the procedure; the recorded loads during the surgical stages; and the maximum load recorded during the extraction. The data was sent via the data transfer module to the doctor's mobile phone for subsequent analysis and the creation of a patient record. Result: The extraction was atraumatic, without damage to adjacent teeth, soft tissue, or jaw bone. The postoperative period was uneventful. The patient reported no significant pain, consistent with the reduced trauma associated with the use of the device. Further treatment plan: preparation for implant placement and subsequent prosthetic restoration.

[050] Thus, the proposed device allows:

- control the load applied to the tooth and jaw bone;

- facilitate tooth extraction by easily passing through the periodontal gap with the mechanical movement module turned on;

- reduce the risk of tissue injury;

- personalize tooth extraction parameters for each patient;

- automate the collection and transmission of data on the progress of the operation.

Claims (15)

1. A device for removing teeth, comprising a housing (6) and a removable working part (1) attached to the housing and designed with the possibility of being inserted into the periodontal gap, characterized in that it additionally contains: - means (3) for creating mechanical movements of the working part; - a dynamometer sensor (4) for measuring the applied load from the working part to the anatomical structures; - a computing module (8) connected to a dynamometer sensor (4) and a means (3) for creating mechanical movements; - a means for indicating (10) the applied load, connected to the computing module (8), and - controls (9) for setting the load threshold value by selecting the tooth number, connected to the computing module (8); wherein the computing module (8) is configured to receive data from the dynamometer sensor (4) on the current value of the applied load, compare the said value with the threshold value for the selected tooth number and activate the indicator means (10) of the applied load when the threshold value is exceeded. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for indicating (10) the applied load comprises at least one of the devices selected from the group including a display, LEDs, a speaker, and an audible alarm. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (3) for creating mechanical movements of the working part contains an ultrasonic module and/or a vibration module and/or a translational movement module. 4. The device according to item 1, characterized in that the load cell (10) is made in the form of a three-axis strain gauge cell. 5. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it additionally includes, associated with the computing module: - power source (12); - a data recording module (11) configured to store the current values of the applied load; and - a data transmission module (13) designed with the ability to exchange data with external devices. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally includes a removable cover (7) for the housing, made of a material that allows for sterilization.