RU2848044C1 - Scarifier - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: scarifier is proposed, containing a loading hopper, a housing, at the bottom of which bag holders are located, and inside it, under the hopper, a rotating working body in the form of a vertically installed cylinder is installed on the drive shaft, at the bottom of which distributors in the form of pipes of rectangular cross-section are evenly installed. The distributors are arranged radially and at an angle of 90° to the vertical axis of the cylinder. The diameter of the rotating working member D₁ has a ratio to the diameter of the stationary scarifying element D₂ equal to 0.4...0.6. The lower part of the distributors is 0.7...0.8 of the diameter D₁ of the rotating working body. The upper side of the distributors has guide plates at the ends, bent down at an angle of 45...58° to the plane of the scarifying element. The front part of the guide plates is also bent forward at an angle of 25...35° to the tangent circle passing through the outer edges (ends) of the rear side of the distributors.

EFFECT: improved scarification quality.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for pre-sowing treatment of seeds having a shell that is poorly permeable to water and air, which makes it possible to increase seed germination.

A scarifier known from Russian Patent No. 2146861, A01C 1/00 (Bulletin No. 9, 2000), comprises a loading hopper with a shutter. A cup with welded tubes with ends cut at an acute angle and a wire are located beneath the shutter. The cup with the tubes is housed in a housing with a chute. The upper part of the housing is shaped like a truncated cone, the interior of which is coated with a layer of abrasive particles. A disadvantage of this scarifier is that the seeds are ejected from the tubes at high speed due to centrifugal force. Upon contact with the conical abrasive surface, they experience a strong impact, causing the seeds to shatter or chip, which damages the seed embryo and subsequently reduces germination.

The closest in technical essence (prototype) is the scarifier according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2786665, A01C 1/00 (bulletin No. 36, 2022), which contains a loading hopper, a housing, the inner surface of which is covered with an abrasive, in the lower part of which bag holders are located, and inside it, under the hopper, on the drive shaft, a rotating working element is installed in the form of a vertically installed cylinder, in the lower part of which distributors in the form of pipes are uniformly installed, the housing has the shape of a cylinder and in it, under the rotating working element, a scarifying element is fixedly installed, which is made in the form of a flat disk covered with an abrasive, while the pipes of the distributors are made of square cross-section in an amount of 2 to 10 pieces, and the ratio of the volume of the cylinder of the rotating working element and the volume of the flow section of the distributors is 1/3 ... 1/7, while the distributors are bent back at an angle of 28 ... 33 ° in the direction of rotation of the rotating working element and have guides at the ends plates bent at an angle of 58...63° to the plane of the scarifying element, in addition, the rear part of the guide plates is bent by 58...63° relative to the front part of the distributors, which are installed with a gap S to the abrasive surface of the scarifying element, where the gap S is 1.5...2 times the size of the processed seeds. The disadvantage of this scarifier is that the seeds exit the square-section tubes with difficulty due to the small through-hole and the backward bending of the distributors in the direction of rotation of the rotating working element, which leads to arching of the seeds inside the cylinder and a decrease in the productivity of the scarifier. In addition, the rotating working element has a much smaller diameter than the stationary scarifying element, which also reduces the productivity of the scarifier. In addition, the guide plates at the ends of the distributors do not ensure an even distribution of seeds over the surface of the scarifying element, which reduces the quality and completeness of seed processing.

The claimed invention aims to eliminate the aforementioned shortcomings. Its use can achieve the following technical results: free passage of seeds from the cylinder and within the radially arranged distributors, eliminating seed arching within the cylinder, increased scarifier productivity, uniform seed distribution across the scarifying element, and improved quality and completeness of seed processing.

The said technical result is achieved by using a scarifier which comprises a loading hopper, a housing, the inner surface of which is coated with an abrasive, in the lower part of which bag holders are located, and inside it, under the hopper, on a drive shaft, a rotating working element is installed in the form of a vertically installed cylinder, in the lower part of which distributors in the form of pipes are uniformly installed, while in the lower part of the cylinder, distributors in the form of rectangular pipes are uniformly installed, in an amount of 2 to 4 pieces, while the distributors are located radially and at an angle of 90 ° to the vertical axis of the cylinder, while the diameter of the rotating working element D ₁ has a ratio to the diameter of the fixed scarifying element D ₂ equal to 0.4 ... 0.6, while the lower part of the distributor is 0.7 ... 0.8 of the diameter D ₁ of the rotating working element, while the upper side of the distributors has guide plates at the ends bent downwards at an angle of 45 ... 58 ° to the plane of the scarifying element, in addition, the front part of the guide plates is also bent forward at an angle of 25...35° to the tangent circle passing through the outer edges (ends) of the rear side of the distributors.

Graphic materials:

Fig. 1 - scarifier;

Fig. 2 - rotating working element.

The scarifier comprises a loading hopper 1, a housing 2, the inner surface of which is covered with an abrasive, in the lower part of which bag holders 3 are located, and inside it, under the hopper 1, on the drive shaft 4, a rotating working element 5 is mounted in the form of a vertically installed cylinder 6, in the lower part of which distributors 7 in the form of pipes are uniformly installed, while in the lower part of the cylinder 6, distributors 7 in the form of pipes of rectangular cross-section are uniformly installed, in an amount of from 2 to 4 pieces, while the distributors 7 are located radially and at an angle of 90 ° to the vertical axis of the cylinder 6, while the diameter of the rotating working element 5 D ₁ has a ratio to the diameter of the fixed scarifying element 8 D ₂ equal to 0.4 ... 0.6, while the lower part 9 of the distributors 7 is 0.7 ... 0.8 of the diameter D ₁ of the rotating working element 5, while the upper side 10 of the distributors 7 has guide plates 11 at the ends, bent downwards at an angle of 45...58° to the plane of the scarifying element 8, in addition, the front part of the guide plates 11 is also bent forward at an angle of 25...35° to the tangent circle passing through the outer edges (ends) of the rear side 12 of the distributors 7. The rotation of the working element is carried out by means of the drive 13. The performance of the scarifier and the supply of seeds is set (regulated) by the valve 14, located in the lower part of the loading hopper 1.

The operation of the scarifier is as follows: seeds are poured into the loading hopper 1, the drive 13 is turned on, the valve 14 sets the feed of seeds into the cylinder 6 of the rotating working element 5. When the rotating working element 5 rotates with the cylinder 6, the seeds, under the action of centrifugal force, enter without difficulty into the distributors 7, installed radially and at an angle of 90° to the vertical axis of the cylinder, and the distributors 7 create a flat flow of seeds along the bottom of the rectangular cross-section pipes, while an increase in the productivity of the scarifier, as well as the prevention of arching in the cylinder 6 is ensured by the through hole of the distributors 7 in the form of a rectangle, their radial arrangement and at an angle of 90° to the cylinder 6. When the seeds exit the distributors 7, the seeds fall on the stationary scarifying element 8. An increase in the productivity of the scarifier is ensured by increasing the coverage of the area of scarification of seeds on the stationary scarifying element 8, due to the fact that the diameter of the rotating working element 5 D ₁ has a ratio to the diameter of the fixed scarifying element 8 D ₂ equal to 0.4…0.6, while the lower part 9 of the distributors 7 is 0.7…0.8 of the diameter D ₁ of the rotating working element 5, which allows the seeds to completely exit the distributors 7 and also completely fall on the fixed scarifying element 8. Uniform and complete distribution of seeds over the surface of the scarifying element 8 is ensured due to the fact that the seeds, moving along the distributors 7, when exiting, fall on the guide plates 11, which are located at the ends of the upper side 10 of the distributors 7, bent downwards at an angle of 45…58° to the plane of the scarifying element 8, in addition, the front part of the guide plates 11 is also bent forward at an angle of 25…35° to the tangent circle passing through the outer edges (ends) of the rear side 12 of the distributors 7. When the seeds fall on the fixed scarifying surface 8 and as a result of contact, then sliding and rolling along the working surface of the scarifying element 8, scratches and microcracks appear on the seed coat for the penetration of moisture and air to the embryo, which ultimately increases the germination of the seeds. The presence of guide plates 11 with a downward angle of 45 ... 58 ° facilitates a smooth, without impacts and destruction, descent of the processed seeds onto the fixed scarifying element 8. The forward bending of the front part of the guide plates 11 at an angle of 25 ... 35 ° to the tangent circle passing through the outer edges (ends) of the rear side 12 of the distributors 7 allows for the uniform distribution of the processed seeds in a single layer on the fixed scarifying element 8. When the seeds descend from the surface of the scarifying element 8, they come into contact without impact with the inner surface of the housing 2 coated with an abrasive, which ensures additional scarification of the seeds, which also improves the quality and completeness of seed processing without damaging them. Next, the processed seeds are placed in containers secured with bag holders 3.

Claims (1)

A scarifier comprising a loading hopper, a housing, the inner surface of which is coated with an abrasive, in the lower part of which bag holders are located, and inside it, under the hopper, on a drive shaft, a rotating working element is mounted in the form of a vertically installed cylinder, in the lower part of which distributors in the form of pipes are uniformly installed, characterized in that in the lower part of the cylinder, distributors in the form of pipes of rectangular cross-section are uniformly installed, in an amount of from 2 to 4 pieces, wherein the distributors are located radially and at an angle of 90° to the vertical axis of the cylinder, wherein the diameter of the rotating working element D ₁ has a ratio to the diameter of the fixed scarifying element D ₂ equal to 0.4 ... 0.6, wherein the lower part of the distributors is 0.7 ... 0.8 of the diameter D ₁ of the rotating working element, wherein the upper side of the distributors has guide plates at the ends bent downwards at an angle of 45 ... 58° to the plane of the scarifying element, in addition, the front part of the guide plates is also bent forward at an angle 25…35° to the tangent circle passing through the outer edges (ends) of the rear side of the distributors.